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MICA(P)290/05/<strong>2006</strong> OCT <strong>2006</strong> - VOL 2<br />

A Newsletter <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Institute</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Chemical</strong> and <strong>Engineering</strong> Sciences<br />

INSIDE: 2-3 Research Highlights 4 Key Facilities and Infrastructure @ ICES 6 Patents Granted 7 Up-close & Personal 8 Upcoming Events<br />

First Petrochemical R&D Centre to be Set Up in Singapore<br />

by Mitsui <strong>Chemical</strong>s, Inc.<br />

On 14 August <strong>2006</strong>, Mitsui <strong>Chemical</strong>s, Inc. (MCI), one <strong>of</strong> the top<br />

global chemicals companies announced the setting up <strong>of</strong> its<br />

first overseas petrochemical R&D centre in Singapore. This is<br />

the company’s first such establishment outside Japan and it<br />

will be housed at ICES in Jurong Island. The centre is scheduled<br />

to be opened on 1 <strong>Oct</strong>ober <strong>2006</strong>.<br />

To formalise this collaboration, a Memorandum <strong>of</strong><br />

Understanding (MOU) between the two parties was signed by<br />

Mr Manabu Fujise, Managing Director <strong>of</strong> Mitsui <strong>Chemical</strong>s<br />

Singapore Ltd (2nd from right) and Dr Keith Carpenter, Executive<br />

Director, ICES (4th from left).<br />

Named Mitsui <strong>Chemical</strong>s Singapore Technical Centre, the<br />

research centre will focus on catalysis and asymmetric synthesis<br />

– the two areas where Mitsui <strong>Chemical</strong>s and ICES have joint<br />

research. Catalysis is a forefront technology that provides the<br />

means to create environmentally friendly and efficient<br />

processes and new materials and chemicals. With fewer steps<br />

needed in the entire chemical process, this translates into<br />

tremendous time-, energy- and cost-savings for chemicals<br />

companies such as Mitsui.<br />

Dr Akihiro Yamaguchi, Senior Managing Director <strong>of</strong> MCI said,<br />

“Our mid-term business plan will focus on fostering<br />

competitive technology in the Performance Materials sector<br />

and strengthening global competitiveness in the<br />

Petrochemicals & Basic <strong>Chemical</strong>s sector. We believe Singapore<br />

functions as the business hub <strong>of</strong> Asia, and will lead MCI to<br />

successfully attain these goals. The Mitsui <strong>Chemical</strong>s Singapore<br />

Technical Centre, which will include functions ranging from<br />

R&D to production, will greatly contribute to our further<br />

business expansion in Asia.”<br />

Mr Boon Swan Foo, Managing Director <strong>of</strong> A*STAR, who signed<br />

the first research collaboration agreement with Dr Yamaguchi<br />

in September 2004, remarked, “I am pleased that what<br />

started as a joint collaboration has now translated into an<br />

independent research cum business and production centre.<br />

This is a win-win partnership where innovation in chemical<br />

science technologies will drive the company’s overall<br />

competitiveness, as well as position Singapore as a stronghold<br />

for chemical science R&D. We look forward to furthering the<br />

longstanding relationship we have with MCI.”<br />

“Mitsui’s choice <strong>of</strong> Singapore as the location <strong>of</strong> its first<br />

overseas research centre, among the many countries it already<br />

operates in, testifies to the high quality <strong>of</strong> R&D capabilities and<br />

talents we have here. Its co-location with ICES, for a start, is a<br />

strategic move where ICES’ world-class catalysis capabilities<br />

has been identified as a key factor that can accelerate Mitsui’s<br />

R & D activities in Singapore and in Asia,” said Pr<strong>of</strong> Chong Tow<br />

Chong, Executive Director <strong>of</strong> the Science & <strong>Engineering</strong><br />

Research Council <strong>of</strong> A*STAR.<br />

The establishment <strong>of</strong> the R&D centre is the latest in a series<br />

<strong>of</strong> partnerships between A*STAR and Mitsui. Since September<br />

2004, Mitsui has been working on two successful research<br />

collaborations with ICES to develop novel catalysts and next<br />

generation technologies that will potentially enhance the<br />

process and development <strong>of</strong> new petrochemical,<br />

pharmaceutical or agrochemical products.<br />

In April <strong>2006</strong>, the company partnered A*STAR and the<br />

Singapore Economic Development Board (EDB) to hold its<br />

acclaimed scientific symposium in Singapore and re-named<br />

it Singapore International Symposium <strong>2006</strong> – a sign <strong>of</strong> the<br />

recognition it has for the Republic’s contribution in chemical<br />

and materials science advancement.<br />

Ms Aw Kah Peng, Director <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Chemical</strong>s Cluster at EDB, said,<br />

“In addition to being a strategic manufacturing base for<br />

many leading chemical companies, Singapore is increasingly<br />

becoming a choice location for R&D. The government is<br />

committed to supporting R&D to drive the long-term growth<br />

<strong>of</strong> the chemical industry.”<br />

Singapore is currently among the top 10 petrochemical hubs<br />

in the world. With strong research capabilities at A*STAR and<br />

the research scientists and engineers being trained at ICES<br />

and the universities, Singapore has increasingly been<br />

attracting foreign investments in R&D <strong>of</strong> new technologies<br />

and processes.<br />

A research institute <strong>of</strong> the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)


Research Highlights<br />

Enzymatic Production <strong>of</strong> Biodiesel<br />

In the face <strong>of</strong> diminishing petroleum reserves and global<br />

concern over greenhouse gases, the search for an<br />

alternative fuel, which is both renewable and clean,<br />

gathers momentum. Biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester,<br />

FAME), synthesised from animal fats or vegetable oils (eg.<br />

palm oil), is an ideal candidate, being biodegradable, nontoxic,<br />

and essentially free <strong>of</strong> sulfur and aromatics. Being<br />

derived from renewable sources means that this fuel has<br />

little net contribution to CO 2 in the atmosphere. In<br />

addition, one major advantage is that biodiesel can be<br />

mixed with petroleum diesel and used directly in existing<br />

diesel engines with few or no modifications.<br />

Beginning with fats or oils, a simple reaction with methanol<br />

is carried out using a catalyst. After removing the glycerol<br />

by-product, biodiesel is obtained. Commercially, a chemical<br />

route is used which employs sodium hydroxide as the<br />

catalyst. However, this process can only use fats/oils which<br />

are free <strong>of</strong> contaiminating fatty acids, and it is difficult to<br />

recover the glycerol for other uses. The high energy<br />

consumption is also a disadvantage.<br />

An alternative method is to use a biocatalyst eg., lipase<br />

(an enzyme). This alternative route to biodiesel is<br />

environmentally friendly and can be carried out under<br />

mild conditions. Free fatty acids contained in fats or oils<br />

do not present any problem as they can be<br />

simultaneously converted to biodiesel. The glycerol byproduct<br />

is also formed in its natural state and can thus<br />

be easily separated and recovered from the biodiesel,<br />

unlike the chemical route where glycerol is produced in<br />

the salt form. By using lipase, which is immobilised onto<br />

solid support, the catalyst can be easily recycled and<br />

reused. Another advantage is that high value substances<br />

such as vitamin E, present in quantities up to 800-1200<br />

ppm in fresh crude palm oil, can be retained and extracted<br />

through this mild process, whereas it is destroyed in the<br />

high-temperature chemical process. However, enzyme<br />

deactivation and high enzyme cost are major challenges<br />

for the development <strong>of</strong> an economically competitive<br />

biocatalytic process.<br />

H 2 C OOCR 1<br />

HC OOCR 2<br />

H 2 C OOCR 3<br />

+ CH 3 OH<br />

catalyst<br />

R 1 CO 2 CH 3<br />

R 3 CO 2 CH 3<br />

H 2 C OH<br />

R 2 CO 2 CH 3 + HC OH<br />

H 2 C OH<br />

triglyceride methanol biodiesel glycerol<br />

To overcome the deactivation <strong>of</strong> enzymes caused by<br />

methanol and glycerol in the biocatalytic route to biodiesel,<br />

our biocatalysis team has invented a two-phase reaction<br />

process which significantly improves the stability and<br />

productivity <strong>of</strong> enzyme. Within the phase where the<br />

enzyme catalysed reaction takes place, the levels <strong>of</strong><br />

methanol and glycerol can be regulated, thus avoiding<br />

enzyme poisoning by these two compounds. This process<br />

allows a commercial immobilised lipase to be reused up<br />

to 8 times with high yields and no significant loss in enzyme<br />

activity, a major improvement over current published data.<br />

Preliminary work at ICES has also been carried out on<br />

Vitamin E extraction, using commercial adsorbents to<br />

recover up to 40% <strong>of</strong> the Vitamin E in crude palm oil.<br />

Biodiesel Process Flow<br />

Crude Palm Oil<br />

Shaking with methanol<br />

at 180 rpm, 60 o C<br />

HPLC analysis <strong>of</strong> methyl esters<br />

Although biodiesel is advantageous over fossil diesel in<br />

many aspects, one drawback is its higher cloud point<br />

(temperature where the fuel becomes non-homogenous<br />

or cloudy, making it unsuitable for engine use), which makes<br />

it difficult to use in cold weather (below -5 o C). The existing<br />

method <strong>of</strong> overcoming this problem is to use additives. An<br />

alternative solution is the so-called second generation<br />

biodiesel, a mixture <strong>of</strong> parafin and isoparafin, produced by<br />

hydrolysis instead, followed by hydrogenation and<br />

isomerisation steps. ICES is now actively working on further<br />

improvement <strong>of</strong> the enzymatic process, recovery <strong>of</strong> saltfree<br />

glycerol, extraction <strong>of</strong> Vitamin E, and is considering the<br />

production <strong>of</strong> a second generation biodiesel.<br />

The list <strong>of</strong> relevant publications and patents is as follows:<br />

Separation <strong>of</strong> Biodiesel<br />

by centrifugation<br />

Biodiesel (methyl ester <strong>of</strong> fatty acids)<br />

1. Talukder MMR, Wu JC. A novel process for enzymatic production <strong>of</strong><br />

biodiesel by methanolysis <strong>of</strong> oils or fats. US provisional patent, filed<br />

on 14 November 2004.<br />

2. Talukder MMR, Puah SM, Wu JC, Choi WJ, Chow Y. Lipase-catalyzed<br />

methanolysis <strong>of</strong> palm oil in presence and absence <strong>of</strong> organic solvent<br />

for production <strong>of</strong> biodiesel. Biocatalysis & Biotransformation, <strong>2006</strong>, 24:<br />

in press.<br />

2


3<br />

Exploiting Novel Particle Technology for More Effective Inhaled Drug Delivery<br />

Inhaled dry powder aerosols are effective therapeutic<br />

carriers for target-specific treatments <strong>of</strong> various<br />

pulmonary diseases, such as asthma, cystic fibrosis,<br />

chronic pulmonary infections and lung cancer. Owing<br />

to the high permeability <strong>of</strong> the human lung’s epithelia<br />

towards therapeutic agents, inhaled dry powder aerosols<br />

can also serve as attractive alternatives to oral and<br />

parenteral routes for the systemic delivery <strong>of</strong> other<br />

therapeutic agents, such as insulin or growth hormone,<br />

that can only be delivered currently through the<br />

gastrointestinal tract or parenterally by either intravenous<br />

or intramuscular injections.<br />

Due to rapid advances in nanotechnology, the use <strong>of</strong><br />

nanoparticulate drugs as therapeutic carriers has become<br />

a subject <strong>of</strong> very active research. Nanoparticulate drugs<br />

have an enormous potential in significantly improving<br />

the systemic bioavailability <strong>of</strong> a drug, which is defined<br />

as the rate and extent <strong>of</strong> the therapeutically active drug<br />

that reaches systemic circulation. The high systemic<br />

bioavailability <strong>of</strong> nanoparticulate drugs is attributed to<br />

their higher dissolution rate in an aqueous environment,<br />

resulting from the larger surface areas compared to their<br />

micron-sized particle counterparts.<br />

As a result, a wide range <strong>of</strong> nanoparticulate drugs for oral<br />

and parenteral delivery, in the form <strong>of</strong> nanoparticulate<br />

suspensions and nanoparticulate composites, has been<br />

investigated, and several <strong>of</strong> them have already been<br />

commercially manufactured. However, much less<br />

attention has been paid to the dry powder aerosol<br />

delivery <strong>of</strong> nanoparticulate drugs. The current lack <strong>of</strong><br />

commercial appeal in dry powder aerosol delivery <strong>of</strong><br />

nanoparticulate drugs is attributed to the fact that: 1)<br />

nanoparticulate aerosols are predominantly exhaled and<br />

not deposited in the lungs due to their extremely low<br />

inertia, and 2) the persistent aggregation problem arising<br />

from their small size, which makes their physical handling<br />

extremely difficult for the dry powder inhaler (DPI)<br />

applications.<br />

To circumvent the above problems, the present work has<br />

involved the development <strong>of</strong> a novel formulation<br />

technique to manufacture micron-sized carrier particles<br />

designed to facilitate the delivery <strong>of</strong> nanoparticulate drugs<br />

via inhalation. Large hollow carrier particles (Figure 1),<br />

whose shells are composed <strong>of</strong> nanoparticulate aggregates<br />

(Figure 2) that can potentially be loaded with therapeutic<br />

agents, have been manufactured by employing a spray<br />

drying technique. The nanoparticulate aggregates are<br />

designed to disassociate into primary nanoparticles in<br />

the aqueous environment <strong>of</strong> the lungs, where the<br />

Figure 1.<br />

Large hollow<br />

nanoparticulate<br />

aggregates as<br />

carrier particles<br />

Figure 2.<br />

A close-up view <strong>of</strong><br />

the shell<br />

composed <strong>of</strong> the<br />

nanoparticulate<br />

aggregates<br />

therapeutic agents entrapped in the nanoparticles are<br />

released, and subsequently delivered to a specific<br />

pulmonary target, or into systemic circulation. The large<br />

hollow nanoparticulate aggregates have been<br />

manufactured using nanoparticles <strong>of</strong> differing chemical<br />

nature and size. Owing to their physical characteristics,<br />

the large hollow nanoparticulate aggregates possess two<br />

valuable attributes for use in a dry powder inhaler: 1) the<br />

large geometric size (d g 10µm) reduces their tendency<br />

to aggregate, which consequently improves the<br />

flowability <strong>of</strong> the carrier particles from the inhaler, and<br />

2) by virtue <strong>of</strong> their small aerodynamic diameters<br />

(d a 5µm) , the deposition <strong>of</strong> the carrier particles in the<br />

mouth and throat regions is minimised, so that they are<br />

capable <strong>of</strong> reaching the targeted alveolar region <strong>of</strong> the<br />

lungs more effectively.<br />

Reference<br />

Hadinoto K., Phanapavudhikul P., Zhu K.W and Tan R.B.H., Novel<br />

formulation <strong>of</strong> large hollow nanoparticulate aggregates as potential<br />

carriers <strong>of</strong> inhaled delivery <strong>of</strong> nanoparticulate drugs. Ind. Eng. Chem.<br />

Research 45, 3697 - 3706 (<strong>2006</strong>).


Key Facilities and Infrastructure @ ICES<br />

Catalyst Development and Testing<br />

A) Catalyst developing and testing units<br />

A variety <strong>of</strong> fixed-bed and batch reactors are available for<br />

screening and evaluation <strong>of</strong> catalysts. The fixed-bed reactors<br />

are typically equipped with online analysis and mostly used<br />

to evaluate heterogeneous catalysts in continuous<br />

petrochemical processes. The batch reactors are more<br />

versatile and can be used to evaluate all types <strong>of</strong> catalysts<br />

for the production <strong>of</strong> both chemicals and polymers.<br />

Computer controlled catalyst unit at the high pressure bay<br />

B) Explosion pro<strong>of</strong> experimental bays<br />

This facility consists <strong>of</strong> 4 cubicles for conducting both<br />

small and pilot-scale reactions under high pressure.<br />

Currently, 3 automated high-pressure fixed-bed reactors<br />

are available for catalyst evaluation and process<br />

development related to natural gas conversions.<br />

C) High throughput catalyst preparation and testing<br />

i) High throughput screening system for heterogenous<br />

catalysts – This automated system has a catalyst<br />

preparation unit capable <strong>of</strong> preparing 60 catalysts in<br />

parallel and a fixed-bed reactor capable <strong>of</strong> testing 5<br />

catalysts simultaneously.<br />

ii) HTS work station for biocatalysts – This automated<br />

work station can provide a ten-fold increase in the<br />

efficiency <strong>of</strong> screening and genetic modification <strong>of</strong><br />

biocatalysts. It can also be used to isolate target<br />

microorganism from natural soil samples to be employed<br />

as biocatalysts.<br />

iii) AMTEC-16 slurry reactor system – This high pressure<br />

reactor system is capable <strong>of</strong> running 16 reactions<br />

simultaneously with independent T and P controls for<br />

each reactor. It can be used to screen catalysts, optimise<br />

reaction conditions, and measure kinetics.<br />

Process Control and Optimisation<br />

A) Process simulation and optimisation<br />

Advanced process control tools that enable<br />

chemical plants to overcome alarm problems<br />

and optimally manage process transition/grade<br />

change.<br />

B) Process control demonstration room<br />

This model <strong>of</strong> next-generation control room<br />

seamlessly integrates process measurement,<br />

distributed control system, real-time plant floor<br />

video, real-time dynamic process simulation,<br />

and abnormal event detection and diagnostics<br />

to enable plant operators make quick<br />

operational decisions.<br />

Process control and optimisation<br />

4


5<br />

Crystallisation and Formulation Facilities Development<br />

and<br />

Infrastructure<br />

in-situ crystallisation monitoring & control<br />

Applications<br />

A) In-situ crystallisation monitoring and control facilities<br />

In-situ crystallisation facilities have been set up to develop<br />

and optimise crystallisation processes to obtain crystal<br />

products with desired properties. The facilities also help in<br />

advancing fundamental understanding <strong>of</strong> crystal growth<br />

and nucleation phenomena.<br />

B) Formulation science laboratory<br />

This laboratory is set up to develop scientific understanding<br />

<strong>of</strong> how particle properties affect formulability and<br />

bioavailability. These tools are also useful for the design<br />

<strong>of</strong> novel formulation techniques and to optimise existing<br />

manufacturing processes for the pharmaceutical, specialty<br />

chemicals, food & beverages industries.<br />

C) Milling and granulation laboratory<br />

The laboratory addresses the needs <strong>of</strong> secondary<br />

pharmaceutical manufacture as well as industries that<br />

require general solid processing.<br />

Reaction <strong>Engineering</strong>, Reactor Development<br />

A) In-situ reaction monitoring laboratory<br />

To study synthetic organic reactions for the fine chemical<br />

and pharmaceutical industries using state-<strong>of</strong>-the-art leading<br />

edge spectrometers and physical property measurement,<br />

all on-line and in-situ. The available techniques include<br />

Raman optical activity for real time<br />

enantiomer determination, Mid-Infrared<br />

(MIR), Far-Infrared (FIR), Fourier Transform<br />

Infrared (FTIR), Raman, supported by<br />

novel chemometrics s<strong>of</strong>tware.<br />

B) Reaction calorimetry<br />

The reaction calorimetry facility is<br />

designed to study thermal events<br />

involved in reactions and processing <strong>of</strong><br />

solids, to enable the design <strong>of</strong> cooling<br />

and safety protection systems for pilot<br />

scale and full scale operation.<br />

C) Mixing and scale up laboratory<br />

The mixing laboratory is equipped with tools necessary to<br />

study the effects <strong>of</strong> mixing and fluid dynamics on reactions<br />

and processes when scaling up.<br />

On-line reaction monitoring set up (FIR and MIR)


Patents Granted<br />

The following are ICES’ first 2 patents that have been granted.<br />

Title <strong>of</strong> Invention: Poly (aralkyl ketone)s and Methods <strong>of</strong><br />

Preparing the Same<br />

US Patent Number: US 7,034,187 B2<br />

Inventor: Anbanandam Parthiban<br />

About the Invention<br />

Polymers containing the keto functional group have wide<br />

applications as engineering thermoplastics, plasticisers,<br />

fillers and polymer additives. To date, two classes <strong>of</strong><br />

polymers containing keto groups are known, viz. aromatic<br />

polyketones (I) (which also includes polyether ketones)<br />

and aliphatic polyketones (II). This invention is concerned<br />

with the development <strong>of</strong> a new class <strong>of</strong> polymer containing<br />

keto functional groups, broadly termed as poly (aralkyl<br />

ketone)s (III).<br />

This polymer consists <strong>of</strong> methylene and keto groups<br />

flanked between phenylene units. Such polymeric<br />

structures can be considered as backbone functional<br />

polymers. The methylene group <strong>of</strong> such a polymer is<br />

activated both by the carbonyl group as well as the<br />

phenylene moiety while the carbonyl group in this class<br />

<strong>of</strong> polymers is a potential electrophilic site. This clearly<br />

highlights the potential <strong>of</strong> this class <strong>of</strong> polymers for further<br />

functionalisation.<br />

Title <strong>of</strong> Invention: Carborane Trianion Based Catalyst<br />

US Patent Number: US 7,053,158 B2<br />

Inventor: Zhu Yinghuai<br />

About the Invention<br />

Ziegler-Natta catalyst is used extensively for the<br />

polymerisation <strong>of</strong> simple olefins to obtain a desired<br />

molecular weight (e.g. ethylene, propene and 1-butene)<br />

and is the focus <strong>of</strong> much academic attention. However,<br />

most <strong>of</strong> the known Ziegler-Natta catalyst systems fail to<br />

polymerise functionalised olefins (e.g. halogenated olefins)<br />

because the early transition metal centers in these catalysts<br />

are highly electrophilic, which generally makes it impossible<br />

to use olefins containing polar functional groups as<br />

monomers or co-monomers. Therefore conventional free<br />

radical polymerisation is the current technique used by the<br />

polymer industry to produce a wide range <strong>of</strong> functionalised<br />

polymers (e.g. polyvinylacetate, polyvinylchloride,<br />

polytetrafluoroethylene, etc.), but the mechanistic<br />

implications <strong>of</strong> the free radical method make it unsuitable<br />

for the preparation <strong>of</strong> predetermined polymer architectures<br />

with precise and narrow molecular weight distributions.<br />

This invention relates to the geometry-constrained trianion<br />

metallocarborane compounds, which are active as Ziegler-<br />

Natta catalysts for the polymerisation <strong>of</strong> functionalised<br />

olefins and therefore are able to be used as alternative<br />

catalysts to prepare functionalised polymers or copolymers,<br />

especially for those which have desired structure<br />

and molecular weight distributions.<br />

ICES/IMRE/Mitsui <strong>Chemical</strong>s – Technical Meeting<br />

by Dr Selvasothi Selvaratnam<br />

In May <strong>2006</strong>, a team <strong>of</strong> researchers from ICES and IMRE<br />

travelled to Chiba, Japan for a technical meeting with<br />

their collaborators on three projects (two with ICES and<br />

one with IMRE) that were initiated in 2004 when A-STAR<br />

signed a collaborative research agreement with Mitsui<br />

<strong>Chemical</strong>s Inc.<br />

6<br />

The collaboration between Mitsui and ICES is conducted<br />

by the New Synthesis Techniques and Applications (NSTA)<br />

and Applied Catalysis (AC) research groups. They are<br />

working on developing effective catalysts for asymmetric<br />

C-C bond forming reactions and BTX production,<br />

respectively. IMRE and Mitsui are leveraging on each other’s<br />

capabilities to develop nano-structured materials using<br />

functionalised silsesquioxane and exfoliated clay.<br />

Research staff involved in this meeting included Drs Keith<br />

Carpenter, PK Wong, Christina Chai, Marc Garland, Fethi,<br />

(Left to right) Dr Yamaguchi, Dr Carpenter, Pr<strong>of</strong> Chua, Dr Wong<br />

Selva, Liu Yan, Wee Chuan, Li Chuanzhao, He-Chaobin, Alan<br />

Selinger and Pr<strong>of</strong> Chua Soo Jin.<br />

During the two days <strong>of</strong> intense discussions at the Sodegaura<br />

Research Center, the latest project developments were


7<br />

highlighted and fruitful ideas exchanged. The technical<br />

teams then presented a summary <strong>of</strong> the discussions to<br />

the steering committee comprising Dr Carpenter, Pr<strong>of</strong><br />

Chua, Dr Fujita and Dr Honjyo.<br />

On the last day, the Singapore team was invited to a dinner<br />

Research team from NSTA in discussion with their Mitsui counterpart during the<br />

technical meeting<br />

hosted by Dr AkihiroYamaguchi, Senior Managing Director<br />

<strong>of</strong> Mitsui <strong>Chemical</strong>s Inc., at the Mitsui Club House. We were<br />

served sumptuous French-Japanese cuisine, prepared by<br />

their in-house chefs.<br />

Following the technical meetings, several milestones were<br />

identified for the ICES project members to work on. In the<br />

BTX project, effort will be made to improve the activity <strong>of</strong><br />

conventional and new catalysts. This includes carrying out<br />

in-situ spectroscopic studies to obtain information about<br />

reactions intermediates and the nature <strong>of</strong> the catalysts<br />

during the reaction.<br />

The Asymmetric Synthesis project members will be<br />

looking into enhancing the enantioselectivities <strong>of</strong> selected<br />

C-C bond forming transformations by designing new<br />

catalytic systems.<br />

Up-close & Personal with Alvin Hung, our A*STAR Scholar<br />

Alvin Hung has become a familiar and<br />

friendly face at ICES over the past ten<br />

months. This energetic A*STAR scholar will<br />

shortly leave Singapore to do a Ph.D. in<br />

Organic Chemistry at Cambridge University.<br />

The Editorial team conducted an interview<br />

with him and wish to share some <strong>of</strong> his<br />

thoughts and experience with you.<br />

Tell us about yourself. I was born and bred in Singapore.<br />

I completed my ‘A’ levels in 1999 at National Junior<br />

College. After being selected as an A*STAR scholar, I spent<br />

some time working at ICES looking at the crystallisation<br />

<strong>of</strong> paracetamol (commonly known as “panadol”) under<br />

the mentorship <strong>of</strong> Dr Ann Chow. After this short stint at<br />

ICES, I went to the United States to do a Bachelor <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>Chemical</strong> <strong>Engineering</strong> degree at the University <strong>of</strong><br />

Wisconsin in Madison. I returned to ICES during a summer<br />

break and again after I graduated, where I spent a year<br />

working with Dr Felicity Moore, Dr Paul Bernardo and Ms<br />

Xu Jin from the NSTA programme.<br />

What projects have you been involved with at ICES<br />

recently? My work at NSTA involved the synthesis <strong>of</strong> small<br />

molecule inhibitors <strong>of</strong> the protein Bcl-X L , a regulator for<br />

apoptosis (programmed cell death). This is a collaborative<br />

project with Dr Henry Mok from the National University<br />

<strong>of</strong> Singapore (NUS) and Dr Victor Yu from the <strong>Institute</strong> <strong>of</strong><br />

Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB). Besides doing synthesis,<br />

computational studies were also conducted with the help<br />

<strong>of</strong> Dr Mok to calculate the binding energies <strong>of</strong> various<br />

small molecules to a particular protein, and correlating<br />

this affinity with what we learnt from actual biological<br />

studies that were done by Dr Victor Yu.<br />

What was the most important thing you learnt during<br />

your time here at ICES? I have always been a very practical<br />

and result-oriented person. The past ten months at ICES<br />

have led me to discover something about the nature <strong>of</strong><br />

research – that it is sometimes better to work slowly and<br />

patiently than to rush for results.<br />

Why the change to Organic Chemistry? Although in<br />

school, I always performed better in maths and physics<br />

related subjects but organic chemistry has always been<br />

my first love and that is what I will pursue for my<br />

postgraduate studies.<br />

How has your background in <strong>Chemical</strong> <strong>Engineering</strong><br />

influenced your perspective on synthetic chemistry during<br />

your attachment? To be frank, during my attachment, I<br />

have been simply concentrating on learning the practical<br />

and theoretical aspects <strong>of</strong> organic chemistry. Not much<br />

chemical engineering knowledge has been applied to the<br />

synthetic work that I have been doing all this while. But I<br />

am very sure that the fusion <strong>of</strong> both areas <strong>of</strong> knowledge<br />

will benefit me tremendously in the future.<br />

Tell us about your postgraduate project. I will be working<br />

with Pr<strong>of</strong>essor Chris Abell at Cambridge University<br />

investigating small molecules for protein inhibition. In fact,<br />

the project is similar to what I have been involved with at<br />

ICES. I should be well prepared!<br />

Last words before you leave ICES for your studies. I want<br />

to thank my mentor Dr Chai (Programme Manager, NSTA),<br />

who has contributed so much to my learning at ICES. Despite<br />

her busy schedule, she always found time to tutor me. I am<br />

going to miss her “mini lectures” and “whiteboard tests” when<br />

I leave. And also big hugs to both Dr Felicity Moore and Dr<br />

Paul Bernardo. Felicity has always been ever so patient and<br />

detailed in teaching me chemistry. And Paul, thanks for the<br />

witty ideas on the project. I am not going to miss out<br />

thanking Kok Peng! I enjoyed exchanging mechanistic<br />

questions with you in the lab. Finally, thanks to all who have<br />

made my stay in ICES a fruitful and memorable one!


Our Scientific ‘Brainpowers’ (Updated)<br />

Scientific Advisory Board (SAB), comprises leading industrialists<br />

and academics, with a global view, providing advice on overall strategy<br />

and direction for ICES’ research programmes.<br />

Pr<strong>of</strong>essor J.W. (Hans) Niemantsverdriet<br />

(Chairman)<br />

Dean, Department <strong>of</strong> <strong>Chemical</strong> <strong>Engineering</strong><br />

and Chemistry, Eindhoven University <strong>of</strong><br />

Technology<br />

Pr<strong>of</strong>essor William R Schowalter<br />

Class <strong>of</strong> 1950 Pr<strong>of</strong>essor in <strong>Engineering</strong><br />

and Applied Science Emeritus,<br />

Princeton University<br />

Dr Jens Rostrup-Nielsen<br />

Director Special Projects,<br />

Company Management,<br />

Haldor Topsoe A/S, Denmark<br />

Pr<strong>of</strong>essor Michael Shuler<br />

Department <strong>of</strong> Biomedical <strong>Engineering</strong><br />

and School <strong>of</strong> <strong>Chemical</strong> and Biomolecular<br />

<strong>Engineering</strong>, Cornell University<br />

Pr<strong>of</strong>essor John Garside<br />

Emeritus Pr<strong>of</strong>essor, School <strong>of</strong> <strong>Chemical</strong><br />

<strong>Engineering</strong> and Analytical Sciences,<br />

University <strong>of</strong> Manchester<br />

Pr<strong>of</strong>essor Ignacio Grossmann<br />

Director, Center for Advanced Process<br />

Decision-making, R.R. Dean University<br />

Pr<strong>of</strong>essor Department <strong>of</strong> <strong>Chemical</strong><br />

<strong>Engineering</strong>, Carnegie Mellon University<br />

Pr<strong>of</strong>essor Ng Ka Ming<br />

Chair Pr<strong>of</strong>essor, Department <strong>of</strong> <strong>Chemical</strong><br />

<strong>Engineering</strong>, Hong Kong University <strong>of</strong> Science<br />

and Technology. CEO, Nano and Advanced<br />

Materials <strong>Institute</strong> Ltd<br />

Mr John Mitchell<br />

Formerly Senior Vice President, Pfizer Inc.<br />

Formerly President, Pfizer Global<br />

Manufacturing Division<br />

Editorial Board<br />

Advisor<br />

Dr Keith Carpenter<br />

Chief Editor<br />

Dr Manjeet Singh<br />

Members<br />

Ms Winnie Chan<br />

Ms Fong Wai San<br />

Dr Felicity Moore<br />

Dr Ang Thiam Peng<br />

Mr Vivek Kumra<br />

Ms Wan Nur Hanani Bte Rohman<br />

Ms Josephine Keng<br />

Ms Surene Ho<br />

Mr Tsai Yih Wen<br />

Ms Hera Adam<br />

Senior Advisors, comprise selected world leading academics and<br />

industrialists who are leaders in their specialised field <strong>of</strong> expertise<br />

which are important to ICES, providing consultancy and advice on<br />

ongoing project progress and directions.<br />

Pr<strong>of</strong>essor Frits Dautzenberg<br />

Formerly Vice President at ABB Lummus,<br />

appointed September 2002 for Applied Catalysis<br />

Pr<strong>of</strong>essor Brian Cox<br />

AstraZeneca Global Process Research and<br />

Development, appointed June 2003 for NSTA<br />

Pr<strong>of</strong>essor Eite Drent<br />

Leiden <strong>Institute</strong> <strong>of</strong> Chemistry, appointed<br />

May <strong>2006</strong> for Applied Catalysis<br />

Pr<strong>of</strong>essor Richard Taylor<br />

University <strong>of</strong> York, appointed<br />

April <strong>2006</strong> for NSTA<br />

Upcoming Events<br />

<strong>Oct</strong> – Dec <strong>2006</strong><br />

When Name <strong>of</strong> Event Venue Brief Description<br />

9 <strong>Oct</strong> Opening Ceremony <strong>of</strong> ICES, Singapore Opening Ceremony<br />

Mitsui <strong>Chemical</strong>s Singapore<br />

Technical Centre<br />

12-13 <strong>Oct</strong> Symposium: “Exploiting Biopolis, Singapore Formulation<br />

Emerging Formulation<br />

Sciences<br />

Sciences Technologies for<br />

Symposium<br />

Pharmaceutical & Fine<br />

<strong>Chemical</strong>s Manufacturing”<br />

1-3 Nov ICES SAB meeting Singapore Meeting<br />

6 - 8 Dec 4th Asia Pacific Congress on Singapore Symposium<br />

Catalysis (APCAT 4)<br />

17-21 Dec 9th International Symposium for Grand Copthorne Symposium<br />

Chinese Organic Chemists (ISCOC-9) Waterfront Hotel,<br />

6th International Symposium for Singapore<br />

Chinese Inorganic Chemists (ISCIC-6)<br />

When Visiting Pr<strong>of</strong>essor Research Group<br />

2 <strong>Oct</strong> Pr<strong>of</strong>essor Peter Kundig, University <strong>of</strong> Geneva, Switzerland NSTA<br />

12-13 <strong>Oct</strong> Pr<strong>of</strong>essor John Dodds, Ecole des Mines d’Albi, France CPS<br />

12-13 <strong>Oct</strong> Pr<strong>of</strong>essor Hans Junginger, Naresuan University, Thailand CPS<br />

12-13 <strong>Oct</strong> Dr Gerry Steele, AstraZeneca, UK CPS<br />

12-13 <strong>Oct</strong> Dr Simon Black, AstraZeneca, UK CPS<br />

<strong>Institute</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Chemical</strong> and<br />

<strong>Engineering</strong> Sciences<br />

1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island<br />

Singapore 627833<br />

Tel: +65 6796 3700<br />

Fax: +65 6873 4805<br />

www.ices.a-star.edu.sg<br />

For enquiries, please contact:<br />

insitu@ices.a-star.edu.sg<br />

31 <strong>Oct</strong> Pr<strong>of</strong>essor John Garside, University <strong>of</strong> Manchester, UK CPS<br />

20-24 Nov Pr<strong>of</strong>essor Richard Taylor, University <strong>of</strong> York, UK NSTA<br />

4-5 Dec Pr<strong>of</strong>essor Roger Sheldon, TU Delft, The Netherlands AC<br />

Dr Ulf Hanefeld, TU Delft, The Netherlands<br />

Pr<strong>of</strong>essor Ikuo Fujii, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan<br />

4-10 Dec Pr<strong>of</strong>essor D.W. Goodman, Texas A&M, USA AC<br />

15 Dec Pr<strong>of</strong>essor Heinrich Vahrenkamp, NSTA<br />

University <strong>of</strong> Freiburg, Germany<br />

in situ is published by the Insitute <strong>of</strong> <strong>Chemical</strong> and<br />

<strong>Engineering</strong> Sciences (ICES).<br />

Reproduction <strong>of</strong> material in this publication without written<br />

permission from ICES is prohibited.<br />

Printed & Designed by <strong>Oct</strong>ogram Press Pte Ltd

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