Development of an Irradiation System for a Small Size Continuous ...

INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY
International Conference on Recent Developments and Applications
of Nuclear Technologies
Bialowieza/Poland
Development of an Irradiation System for
a Small Size Continuous Run
Multipurpose Gamma Irradiator
Wilson Aparecido Parejo Calvo
Institute for Nuclear and Energy Research (IPEN)
Brazilian National Nuclear Energy Commission (CNEN)
Radiation Technology Center (CTR)
15 th - 17 th September, 2008
BRAZILIAN NATIONAL NUCLEAR ENERGY
COMMISSION (CNEN)
The CNEN’s staff has 2,639 active employees working in 14 units,
in 9 Brazilian States:
Head Quarter (CNEN)
Center of Nuclear Technology Development (CDTN)
Nuclear Sciences Regional of Center-West (CRCN-CO)
CO)
Nuclear Sciences Regional of Northeast (CRCN-NE)
NE)
Angra
dos Reis District (DIANG)
Caetite
District (DICAE)
Fortaleza District (DIFOR)
Porto
Alegre District (DIPOA)
Resende
District (DIRES)
Brasilia’s s Office (ESBRA)
Nuclear Engineering Institute (IEN)
Institute for Nuclear and Energy
Research (IPEN)
Radioprotection and Dosimetry Institute (IRD)
Pocos
de Caldas Laboratory (LAPOC)
NUCLEAR AND RADIOACTIVE FACILITIES (CNEN)
4 R&D NUCLEAR
REACTORS:
100 W - 5 MW
100 W
5 MW
6 CYCLOTRONS:
Siemens (11 MeV)
IBA (18/9 MeV, , 30 MeV)
TCC (24 MeV)
GE (18 MeV)
30 MeV 11 MeV
Hot Cells
2 ELECTRON BEAM
ACCELERATORS RDI:
1.5 MeV
1.5 MeV
1

INSTITUTE FOR
NUCLEAR AND
ENERGY
RESEARCH (IPEN)
RADIOISOTOPES
Material
Test
Reactors
Cyclotrons
Radiopharmaceutical
Products
US$ 35 millions
300 hospitals and clinics
3 millions patients
Nuclear
Medicine
Image
Equipment
RADIOACTIVE FACILITIES IN THE WORLD
Radioactive Facilities South America Brazil Japan USA World
GAMMA IRRADIATORS 14 7 (+1) > 8 > 30 > 260
(100 kCi – 10 MCi)
ELECTRON BEAM
ACCELERATORS 17 15 > 300 > 500 > 1,200
(200 keV – 10 MeV)
China : > 80 Gamma Irradiators
> 140 Electron Beam Accelerators
Source: IPEN-CNEN/SP
IRRADIATION SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
In the optimization of the design, operation and maintenance of a
gamma irradiation plant, the criterions analysis are fundamental for
the irradiation system development:
Capacity of the plant
Performance (cost of the product processed / kg)
Source storage type (dry or wet)
Source rack geometry (product overlap source or
source overlap product)
Products pathway by the radioactive sources (number of rows)
Transportation systems (carrier, pallet or tote box)
2

GAMMA INDUSTRIAL IRRADIATORS
World-wide trends in the construction of 60 Co industrial irradiators:
Large size irradiators (3 MCi to 12 MCi)
Compact or dedicated irradiators (up to 1 MCi)
The compact irradiators had been developed with the principal idea
to be installed integrated to the productive units, having as main
characteristic the batch processing:
BREVION (MDS Nordion)
MICROCELL and MINICELL (SteriGenics)
BP1 PALLET IRRADIATOR (Picowave
Technology)
COMPACT TYPE GAMMA IRRADIATORS
BREVION TM - MDS Nordion
MICROCELL TM - SteriGenics
MINICELL TM - SteriGenics
BP1 Pallet TM - Picowave Technology
SMALL SIZE CONTINUOUS RUN MULTIPURPOSE
GAMMA IRRADIATOR IPEN-CNEN/SP
Transportation System
60 Co Sources
(1.17MeV
e 1.33MeV
MeV)
3

OBJECTIVES
To develop a revolutionary irradiation system
for a small size continuous run multipurpose
gamma irradiator
To implement a qualification program with
Standards CE-EN
EN-522, ISO-11137 and IAEA Safety
Serie 539, optimizing the dose uniformity and the
efficiency factor
GAMMA IRRADIATORS
The IAEA classifies the gamma irradiators in the categories I, II, , III and
IV, in accordance with design of the installation, the accessibility and
the shield of the radioactive sources:
TUBO DE
TRANSPORTE
DA AMOSTRA
PORTA DE ACESSO DE
PESSOAL
BLINDAGEM
DA FONTE
RADIOATIVA
ANEL DE BLINDAGEM
(POSICIONAMENTO DA
AMOSTRA)
PAINEL
DE
CONTROLE
PLATAFORMA
GIRATÓRIA
SUPORTE
DA FONTE
PAINEL DE
CONTRLOLE
CATEGORY II
Panoramic
CATEGORY I
Gammacell
GAMMA IRRADIATORS
SISTEMA DE IÇAMENTO
DAS FONTES
BLINDAGEM DE
CONCRETO (2m)
PASSAGEM DO CONTÊINER DE
TRANSPORTE DAS FONTES
CABO DE
IÇAMENTO
SISTEMA DE TRANSPORTE
DOS PRODUTOS
PORTA DE
ACESSO DE
PESSOAL
PISCINA (ÁGUA
DEIONIZADA)
CABO DE
IÇAMENTO
PISCINA DE
ARMAZENAMENTO
(ÁGUA DEIONIZADA)
7 METROS
BARRA DE
FONTE
RADIOATIVA
COMPARTIMENTO
DE PRODUTOS
MONTAGEM
DAS FONTES
CABO GUIA
RACK DE FONTES
(POSIÇÃO SEGURA)
PAINEL DE CONTROLE
CONTÊINER DE TRANSPORTE
DAS FONTES
CATEGORY III
Water pool
CATEGORY IV
Tote Box, Carrier, Pallet
4

IRRADIATOR’ EFFICIENCY FACTOR
Processing Capacity
X.D
A 60 Co
= 18,7
F
A60
Co : 60
60 Co Activity (Ci(
Ci)
X: throughput (kg / h)
D: absorbed dose (kGy(
kGy)
F: Irradiator’s s efficiency factor
COBALT-60 STORAGE TYPE
DRY (concrete)
Capacity 2 MCi
Wet (Water
pool)
Capacity 10 MCi
PRODUCT AND SOURCE RACK GEOMETRY
source overlap product
Simple transportation system
Lower initial investment
product overlap source
Better dose uniformity
Higher irradiation efficiency ( 60 Co)
5

PRODUCT’S S PATHWAY BY THE 60 CO SOURCES
Source Racks
( 60 Co)
4 Passes
8 Passes
Better 60 Co utilization
Higher initial investment (transportation system and bunker)
PRODUCT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
Tote Box: better dose
uniformity
Carrier: higher flexibility on the
products dimensions
Pallets: lower product handling costs and
high throughputs
PROJECT AND CONSTRUCTION
Bunker
(VII/VIII Mercalli)
Warehouse
Liner
6

CONTROL SYSTEMS
Redundancy, diversity and independency
Control Systems
Control panel
Radiation detectors
(< 2µSv/h)
Seismic
detector
Products and service
doors
ACQUISITION, TRANSPORTATION AND INSPECTION
OF THE RADIOACTIVE SOURCES
13 60 Co sources, 3,407.7 TBq or 92,099 Ci, , 16/11/04 – MDS Nordion
19
19 60 Co
Co sources, 7,292.8 TBq or 197,100 Ci, , 01/07/08 – Reviss/Puridec
Flushing Test
External counting
< 5nCi (185Bq)
Shielding Type B(U) 60 Co sources
PRODUCT DOSE MAPPING
80 dosimeters Red Perspex 4034 (GD), on 4 plans
_ _3
A43
A_ _ B_ _ C_ _ D_ _
1,03m
_ _3
A43
A_ _ B_ _ C_ _ D_ _
0,95m
_ _2
_ _2
_4_ _3_ _2_ _1_ _0_
_4_ _3_ _2_ _1_ _0_
_ _1
_ _1
_ _0
0,69m
0,65m
_ _0
0,69m
0,65m
Covers, needles, tubes ( 99m Tc generators)
Animal food (bioterium(
bioterium)
7

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Brazilian Technology
(2MCi, Category IV – IAEA)
Cadgamma
739.2 TBq or 19,976 Ci (21.7%)
2.668,5 TBq or 72.123 Ci (78.3%)
MULTIPURPOSE IRRADIATOR
Capacity: 37 PBq (1 MCi),
Category IV
Initial activity: : 3,407.7 TBq (92,099 Ci)
Storage pool: cylindrical, , 7.0 x 2.7 m (diameter)
Concrete doors: 1 sliding (assemble, maintenance, 4 x 4 x 2.45 m),
1 rotating (products, diameter of 2.65 x 4 m)
Concrete wall: : 1.8 m thick (2.35 g/cm 3 )
Source geometry: 2 racks, , 16 magazines, 504 pencils of 60 Co
Source dimensions: : 1 rack (1.4 x 2.1 m) and 1 rack (0.7 x 2.1 m)
Pencil magazine: : 40 (1.4 m rack magazine), 23 (0.7 m rack magazine)
Irradiation Geometry: product overlap source
Transport System: tote box, continuous, double level pathway (move in
opposite direction)
Chamber capacity: : 14 boxes (6,47(
m 3 )
MULTIPURPOSE IRRADIATOR
Irradiation doses: : > 1kGy / cycle
Irradiation time: : variable (product, dose)
Aluminum box: : 0,69 x 0,65 x 1,03 m (0,46(
m 3 )
Box capacity: 400 kg
Throughput: : variable (product density, dose, source activity)
Warehouse
Aluminum Boxes (Tote Boxes)
8

DOSE UNIFORMITY FACTOR (f)
EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS (η)(
Multipurpose and MDS Nordion Sterilization Technologies Commercial Irradiators
Irradiators /
Factors
Dose
Uniformity
(f)
Multipurpose
Irradiator
1.33
(1) Pallet
Irradiator
(design 8)
Apparent Density: 0.09 g/cm 3
1.45
(2) JS-9500
1.40
(3) JS-
10000
(design 2)
(3) JS-
(2) JS-9600
10000
(design 1)
1.50
1.25
1.30
Efficiency (η)(
(%)
11.6
15.0
14.6
16.8
18.7
25.1
Apparent Density: 0.49 g/cm 3
Dose
Uniformity
(f)
2.08
3.15
(5) 1.85
(4) 1.65
(5) 1.85
1.90
Efficiency (η)(
(%)
36.6
23.4
(5) 35.5
(4) 33.7
41.1
(5) 44.9
(1) Pallets in 8 position, 2 levels and 2 passes around of the Co sources
(2) Tote boxes in 2 levels and 2 passes around of the Co sources
(3) Tote boxes in 2 levels, 4 or 8 passes around of the Co sources
(4) 0.30 g/cm 3 ; and (5) 0.40 g/cm 3
CONTRACT SERVICE COMPANY
COMPANHIA BRASILEIRA DE ESTERILIZAÇÃO (CBE)
Gamma Irradiator with Brazilian Technology (3MCi)
Source: CBE
CONCLUSIONS
The software Cadgamma was essential in the planning of the irradiation and
product transport systems, product pathway and in the radioactive e sources
distribution, keeping the doses in the specified limits for the material, with
better efficiency and dose uniformity factor, , for different product densities
To conclude the qualification program is necessary to carry out the dose
mapping of two products, at least, with apparent densities between 0.20 g/cm 3
and 0.40 g/cm 3
The dose uniformity factors and efficiency demonstrated that the
Multipurpose Irradiator presents excellent performance and is extremely
competitive, , when compared with the compact and large size irradiators of
the MDS Nordion Sterilization Technologies, largest and more traditional
gamma irradiators manufacturer in the international market
The Safety Analysis Reports, 60 Co Source Transport Planes and Enterprise
Characterization Memorial confirm the rigorous criteria of project and safety
adopted in the Multipurpose Irradiator, which does not offer risks to the
surrounding communities
9

THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR
YOUR ATTENTION
RADIATION TECHNOLOGY CENTER
IPEN-CNEN/SP
wapcalvo@ipen.br
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: : The State of Sao Paulo Research Foundation - FAPESP and the IPEN-CNEN/SP
CNEN/SP’s
Board of Directors for the scientific, technological and financial al support during this R&D Project.
15 th - 17 th September, 2008
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