Pashto - Supadu

SIMON & SCHUSTER’S
®
PIMSLEUR
pashto
reading booklet

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© Reading Booklet 2010 Simon & Schuster, Inc.
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a division of Simon & Schuster, Inc. Mfg. in USA.
All rights reserved.

Acknowledgments
Pashto
Voices
English-Speaking Instructor ...................... Ray Brown
Pashto-Speaking Instructor....... Mohammad F. Hakami
Female Pashto Speaker ................................ Adela Raz
Male Pashto Speaker ................................. Aman Khan
Course Writers
Aman Khan ♦ Joan Schoellner
Editors
Delaram Soltani ♦ Beverly D. Heinle
Reviewer
Hosai Ehsan
Pashto Consultant
Dr. Alam Payind
Director of Middle East Studies Center
Ohio State University
Executive Producer
Beverly D. Heinle
Producer & Director
Sarah H. McInnis
Recording Engineers
Peter S. Turpin ♦ Kelly Saux
Simon & Schuster Studios, Concord, MA
iii

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call 1-800-831-5497 or visit us at
www.Pimsleur.com

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Reading Lessons
Lesson One
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
Alphabet Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
Diacritics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
.3
Lesson One . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 .4
Lesson Two . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 .5
Lesson Three . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
.6
Lesson Four . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Lesson Five . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 .7
Lesson Six . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 .8
Lesson Seven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
.9
Lesson Eight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Lesson Nine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.10
19
Lesson Ten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..11
20
Lesson Eleven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..12
21
Lesson Twelve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
.13
Lesson Thirteen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Lesson Fourteen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..14
24
Lesson Fifteen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..15
25
Lesson Sixteen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
.16
Lesson Seventeen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Lesson Eighteen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..17
28
Lesson Nineteen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..18
30
Lesson Twenty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..19
32
.20
v

pashto
Lesson Introduction 1
Pashto is an Iranian language of the Indo-
European family. There are over 17 million speakers
of Pashto, primarily in Afghanistan and Pakistan. In
Afghanistan, it is one of the two official languages
and it is the native tongue of approximately 35% of
the population. The other official language, Dari
(Persian), is spoken by about 50%. Although Pashto
is an official language of Afghanistan and is a required
subject in middle school, Dari is used primarily in
business and higher education. As a result, most
Pashtuns also speak Dari. However, many Dari
speakers do not have a good command of Pashto.
Pashto is spoken as a regional language by about
17 percent of the population of Pakistan. It is spoken
in the North West Frontier Province (Pakhtoonkhwa),
in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA),
and in Balochistan. It is also spoken in some Pakistani
cities like Karachi and Hyderabad. Pashto, however,
is not an official language in Pakistan (Urdu is the
offical language) and it is not taught in schools.

pashto
Introduction (continued)
Smaller communities of speakers can be found
in Northeast Iran, Tajikistan, India, and the United
Arab Emirates. The major Pashto-speaking cities are
Kabul, Jalalabad, Kandahar, Peshawar, and Quetta.
Athough Pashto has many dialects, the three
primary ones are:
• Northern - as spoken in Kabul and Jalalabad
(Afghanistan) and in the Northwest Frontier
Province (Pakistan);
• Southern - as spoken in Kandahar (Afganistan)
and Balochistan (western Pakistan and eastern
Iran);
• Central - as spoken in Wazirstan (northern
Pakistan).
These three dialects are mutually intelligible.
This course teaches the northern dialect as spoken in
Kabul, which will be understood through all Pashtospeaking
regions. Pashto is also called Pakhto,
Pushto, Pukhto, Pashtu, or Pushtu. The variation
in spelling reflects the different pronunciations in
different regions; speakers of the northern dialect say
“Pakhto” and speakers of the southern dialect say,
2

pashto
Introduction (continued)
“Pashto.” This demonstrates the primary difference
between the southern dialect, which uses /sh/ and
/zh/ sounds, and the northern dialect, which uses
/kh/ and /gh/ sounds instead. The central dialect is
more similar in pronunciation to the southern dialect;
however, vocabulary differs somewhat.
Pashto uses a modified version of the Arabic
alphabet, with forty-five letters, as opposed to twentyeight
in Arabic. The first written records of Pashto
date to the 16 th century. In the 18 th and again in the
20 th century the script was standardized to include
additional letters representing sounds specific to
Pashto. Pashto does not have capital letters, but uses
an adapted form of Western punctuation. Written
Pashto has the following characteristics:
• It is read from right to left, except for numbers,
which go from left to right. Pashto letters are
distinguished by one, two, or three dots, which
are placed above or below the letter – or, in some
cases, by the lack of dots.
3

pashto
Introduction (continued)
• As in English handwriting, most Pashto letters
connect to those that follow them. However, some
letters, called “non-connectors,” connect only to
letters that precede them.
• When letters connect to a preceding letter, they
often modify their shape, undergoing a reduction
when the two are joined together.
• Some letters also modify their shape according
to their position in a word – depending on whether
they appear in initial, medial, or final position.
• In standard written Pashto, the so-called “short
vowels” are usually omitted. They may be represented
by diacritical marks, as they are in these
reading lessons. The three “long vowels,” however
are separate letters and are always included.
• The appearance of some letters may vary,
depending on the choice of font.
A complete listing of the Pashto alphabet and the
diacriticals follows, starting on page 6. You should
use this chart for reference only, as all the information
you need to do the readings is contained on
the audio.
4

pashto
Introduction (continued)
There are twenty Pashto reading lessons recorded
at the end of the program. You may choose to do the
readings along with the units, starting with Unit 11,
or all together after completing the rest of the course.
Feel free to repeat the reading lessons as often as
necessary for practice with the Pashto alphabet and
the sounds the letters represent.
Some of the words and phrases you will read
are taught in this course, but many are not, and ---
especially in the early lessons --- a number of them
are simply syllables rather than actual words. Actual
words are used more and more as the number of
letters introduced increases, and in the final lessons
you will be understanding much of what you read.
5

pashto
(Read from right to left.)
6
Pashto Alphabet Chart
Isolated End Middle Beginning Name Spelling
الف alef ا ا ا آ ‏,ا
بې be ب ب ب ب
پې pe پ پ پ پ
تې te ت ت ت ت
tte ټ ټ
ثې Se ث ث ث ث
جيم jeem ج ج ج ج
‏مي
ځ
zeem or
Ze
چې Che چ چ چ چ
‏مي
څ
alpha chart tte page 6
alpha chart kheen page 7 of alphabet chart
seem or
se or ce
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حې he ح ح ح ح
خې khe خ خ خ خ
دال dal د د د د
ډال ddal ډ ډ ډ ډ

pashto
Pashto Alphabet Chart (continued)
(Read from right to left.)
Isolated End Middle Beginning Name Spelling
ذ
ذ ذ ذ Zaal ذال ر
ر ر ر re رې ړ
ړ ړ ړ rhe ړې ز
ز ز ز zhe زی ژ
ژ ژ ژ zze ږ
ږ ږ ږ ge ږې سین seen س س س س
شین sheen ش ش ش ش
kheen ښ ښ
ص
ص ص ص swat صات ض
ض ض ض zwat ضات ط
ط ط ط twe طوې ظ
ظ ظ ظ zwe ظوې ع
ع ع ع ain عني 7
alpha chart tte page 6
alpha chart kheen page 7 of alphabet chart
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pashto
Pashto Alphabet Chart (continued)
(Read from right to left.)
Isolated End Middle Beginning Name Spelling
غني ghain غ غ غ غ
فې fe ف ف ف ف
قاف qaf ق ق ق ق
alpha chart gaf page 8
gaf beginning:
کاف kaf ك "& ك
alpha chart gaf page 8
gaf middle
gaf beginning:
#"! gaf "& "'" ګ
gaf middle
الم lam ل ل ل ل
"'"
م م م م
meem or
ميم miim
نون noon ن ن ن ن
نوڼ noorh ڼ
ه ه ه ه
he or
rounded
he
هې
واو waw و و و و
ي ي ي ي
strong
سخته یی ye
یی ye ی ی ی ی
8

pashto
Pashto Alphabet Chart (continued)
(Read from right to left.)
Isolated End Middle Beginning Name Spelling
پسته یی soft ye ې ې ې ې
ۍ
ئ
ۍ
ئ
feminine
ye
Lesson 13 page 24
#11
verbal
ye
hehamza
wawhamza
ړواله یی
هې حمزه
واو حمزه
ۀ ۀ
ؤ ؤ ؤ ؤ
alpha chart feminine ye page 9
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9

َ
ُ
pashto
(Read from right to left.)
Diacritics
Diacritic Name Spelling
ِ
zwar (above letter)
zer (below letter)
pekh (above letter)
زور
زیر
‏ښ
ٓ
مَد alef) mad (only above initial
hamza (only in combination
with waw and
ٔ
حمزه he)
There is a fourth diacritic, called zwarakay, which
is rarely used in Pakhto. It is shown as a horizontal
line above a consonant and makes a schwa sound.
‏,ال,‏combination In Pashto there is a special letter
called lam alef la, which represents the letter lam
followed by alef.
10

pashto
Lesson One
(Read from right to left.)
.11
ا
زازا
.1
دا 12.
آد
.2
داد 13.
آز
.3
دادا 14.
آدا
.4
زا 15.
آداز
.5
داز 16.
آزا
.6
زاد 17.
آزاد
.7
8. دازا 18. زدا
9. زادا 19. آزدا
10. زاز 20. دازدا
11

pashto
Lesson One Two
(Read from right to left.)
دازاد 11.
ساز
.1
را 12.
آسار
.2
راز 13.
آدزار
.3
زارد 14.
دازار
.4
راد 15.
زاسا
.5
دار 16.
سادزار
.6
زار 17.
سادا
.7
8. رازاد 18. رازا
9. سا 19. زارا
10. سارا 20. رازدا
12

pashto
Lesson Three One
(Read from right to left.)
ساراد 11.
باد
.1
سازا 12.
بادساز
.2
شا 13.
سَ‏ بز
.3
شارد \ سارد 14.
سَ‏ رشار
.4
زاشار 15.
سَ‏ رشَ‏ ر
.5
.16
زَ‏
دَبرا
.6
زَرد 17.
باب
.7
8. سَ‏ ر 18. آس
9. دَرس 19. برَش
10. سَ‏ ز 20. زَرشاد
13

pashto
Lesson Four One
(Read from right to left.)
شارسار 11.
بازوو
.1
سَ‏ ردار 12.
اَسب
.2
شاباش 13.
ستَرتوب
.3
بَربَر 14.
تاسو
.4
بَرادَر 15.
دوست
.5
شو 16.
اَرساب
.6
داروو 17.
توت
.7
8. تَش 18. تَر
9. تَت 19. ستا
10. شَ‏ ربَت 20. سَ‏ با
14

pashto
Lesson One Five
(Read from right to left.)
تَبَر 11.
پاپ
.1
تَشناب 12.
پوی
.2
آبشار 13.
اِسرار
.3
ديد 14.
اِبراز
.4
تَرتيب 15.
پیشو
.5
سیر 16.
توپ
.6
دیرش 17.
اِزدا
.7
8. تیز 18. پور
9. دی 19. تَپوس
10. پاس 20. پاتا
15

pashto
Lesson One Six
(Read from right to left.)
باتور 11.
باز
.1
ستوری 12.
حاسِ‏ د
.2
بریت 13.
احباب
.3
بيزو 14.
ستاسو
.4
نادان 15.
اِحسان
.5
نون 16.
یا
.6
اَنا 17.
زَبَح
.7
8. پَر 18. تَسبیح
9. تَن 19. نادر
10. تیزاب 20. راحَ‏ ت
16

pashto
Lesson Seven One
(Read from right to left.)
سپور 11.
لو
.1
پَیدا 12.
الر
.2
آپَرین 13.
پلَن
.3
بَند 14.
تَلوار
.4
آوار 15.
استَوَل
.5
اِتوار 16.
بُلبُل
.6
دُنیا 17.
تلَل راتلَل
.7
8. بُت 18. حَ‏ الل
9. بُنیر 19. یار
10. لِباس 20. او تاسو؟
17

pashto
Lesson Eight One
(Read from right to left.)
سیرینا 1.
کلَک 11.
شین 12.
کالِج
.2
بایَد 13.
صابُون
.3
جَ‏ بَر 14.
حِ‏ صار
.4
جَ‏ دَ‏ ل 15.
حِ‏ رَ‏ ص
.5
وَ‏ جَ‏ ل 16.
صَ‏ ندَل
.6
تاج 17.
صاحِ‏ ب کار
.7
8. کابُل 18. دیوال
9. کالبُوت 19. حاجَ‏ ت
10. اِنکار 20. پرَجنیدَل
18

pashto
Lesson Nine One
(Read from right to left.)
بازار 1.
شَ‏ م 11.
لَرَل 12.
امان
.2
صاد 13.
کَله؟ اُس؟
.3
هاها 14.
شَ‏ ک
.4
هَ‏ ر 15.
دیارلَس
.5
بَجه 16.
هَلته دی؟
.6
زَره 17.
مَنَنه.‏
.7
8. سَ‏ هَ‏ ر 18. ما سَ‏ ره
9. ميم 19. لَرَم
10. زه هَم.‏ 20. نَه،‏ لَس زَره نه.‏
19

pashto
Lesson One Ten
(Read from right to left.)
بَس بِیا / بس بیا 11.
یور
.1
اتَلَس سَ‏ وه 12.
لیک
.2
Lesson
Lesson
10,
10,
#14
#14
page
page
21
21
آسَ‏ الم 13.
کَوئ
.3
Lesson
Lesson
10,
10,
#15
#15
page
page
21
21
$#"!
.4 امریکایي .14
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.5 يئ .15
6. شئ 16. سیند
7. نَسواري 17. دي
8. بَجې 18. یَویشت
9. یُونان 19. پریوَتَل
10. صَ‏ حي 20. زیاتې
20

pashto
Lesson Eleven One
(Read from right to left.)
نَن،‏ نه.‏ 11.
وَخت
.1
په نَهه بَجې.‏ 12.
شوخ
.2
.3 غَرمې .13
4. غَ‏ م 14.
.5 داغ .15
باغ 16.
سَ‏ خت
.6
باغوان 17.
نیم كیلو
.7
8. خُ‏ وشه 18. خَ‏ بَره
9. خُ‏ ورې 19. مِ‏ رَباني
10. تَخت 20. زه امریکایي یَم.‏
21

pashto
Lesson 11 page 23
# 11
(Read from right to left.)
#"!
.11
Lesson Twelve One
1. په جِ‏ هاز کې
#13
#12
#('&%$
2. زه بایَد 12.
#13
#13
#15
#15
#15
.'+-
,+!*)
,+!*)
.0/ .'+-
.0/ .'+-
,+!*)
زه به هَم.‏
.0/
.13
.14
.15
زه باید کار وکَم.‏
چا
چیرته
.3
.4
.5
6. پَرچَ‏ م 16. تایمَني
7. چایې 17. په تایمَني سَ‏ رَک
8. چَ‏ مَ‏ چ 18. په سیرینا هول کې.‏
9. ‏ُول 19. په ‏کسي کې.‏
10. واټ 20. دا واخلئ.‏
22

alpha chart feminine ye page 9
Lesson 13 page 24
#11
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pashto
(Read from right to left.)
.11
Lesson Lesson Thirteen One
1. سَ‏ بایي دې په خیر
#12
&,+*)('$
2. سَ‏ ودا 12.
#14
#12
.3 رُوسته .13 باره کې 2")10/.- &,+*)('$ 54/43
#14
54/43 2")10/.-
.4 فال .14
#15
#16
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.5 فاني .15
# 16
# 16
432
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.6 افغان .16
Lesson Fifteeen page 26 Lesson Fifteeen page 26
#9
#9 #17
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7. زه افغان یَم.‏ 17.
8. هَ‏ دَف 18. ږیره
افغانی خوَراک 19. هَر کَله
Lesson 13, Page 24
.9
#10
20. هر کله راشئ.‏
#"!
.10
23
#11

pashto
Lesson Lesson Fourteen One
(Read from right to left.)
ناوَخته 11.
ذَبَح
.1
دا ستاسو دَ‏ پاره.‏ 12.
ذَره بین
.2
ظالِم 13.
کاغَذ
.3
14. عادَت
Lesson 14, page 25
4. حَ‏ ظ
#5
15. مَعلُومات
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.5
16. دُعا
#6
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'&%$#
.6
#7
17. تعداد
#7
+%*)(
+%*)(
.7
8. ظَ‏ رَ‏ ف 18. دا ‏یک ده.‏
ُ ل 19. اُستاد
.9
20. زه اُستاد یَم.‏
24
10. ‏ذات

pashto
Lesson Fifteen One
(Read from right to left.)
کالدارې 11.
رَمضان
.1
آسَ‏ الم علیکُم.‏ 12.
حَ‏ وض
.2
13. مَضمُون
Lesson 15, Page 26
3. ‏ين
#4
14. اِمضا
$#"!
.4
#18
5. ‏َتو 15. ډیر
6. پوښ 16. ډول / دال
7. ضِ‏ د 17. ډوډۍ
#19
---
'&"% '&"%
0/"* --- .&+-, 0/"* +*)( .&+-,
#19
.18
.19
# 16
Lesson Fifteeen page 26
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#9
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.9
10. بُغُ‏ ض 20. ډوډۍ خوَرئ؟
25

اِثبات \ افتاب
pashto
Lesson Lesson Sixteen One
Lesson 16, Page 27
(Read from right #1 to left.)
.11
.$'
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.1
#14
دَ‏ خُ‏ دائ په امان.‏ 12.
بَحث
.2
قیمَت 13.
‏ومره؟
.3
&+*)(
.4 قَرض .14
قَلَم 15.
تاسو چایې ‏کئ ؟
.5
َ
6. شَ‏ فقَت 16.
7. قاچاق 17. پایدَل
8. ضَ‏ رَ‏ ر 18. ډیره مَنَنه.‏
9. ثاني 19. سَ‏ با جُ‏ معه ده.‏
خَ‏ بَره نه ده.‏
.10 اثاث .20
26

pashto
Lesson Seventeen page 28
#3
#12
(Read from right to left.)
باړ
1987&
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.11
.12
Lesson Lesson Seventeen One
مُحتَرَم
َ لور
.1
.2
Lesson Seventeen page 28
13. ډالَرو
#3
1987&
.3
#12
14. او په ډالرو کې؟
.4 طوفان %$#"!
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5. خَ‏ ط 15. غواړو
#16
.16"5432
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.-","+
6. خَ‏ طاط 16.
#18
7. خَ‏ طَ‏ رناک 17. لَس بَجې دي.‏
Lesson 17, Page 28
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.+
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pashto
Lesson Lesson Eighteen One
(Read from right to left.)
1. په اخِ‏ ر کې
28
دَ‏ ‏ولو نه اوَل
هَر چیرته
کَله کَله
اتۀ
وأ‏
وادۀ
پسهٔ‏
كُ‏ ڼ
ؤیل
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
.10

pashto
Lesson Eighteen Lesson (continued) One
(Read from right to left.)
Lesson 18, Page 30
11. ؤَنه
#12
#14
Lesson 18, Page 30
#12
#15
#14
#15
654 32 1.0/
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واؤ &%"$#"! +*)('
+*)('
.,*-,
.12
.13
.14
.15
زَما نُوم امان دی.‏
خوشاله
ستاسو په لیدو ---
ستاسو په لیدو ډیر خوشاله شوم.‏
مرباني،‏ ستاسو ډیره مننه.‏
29
.16
.17
.18
.19
.20

Lesson 19, Number One
pashto
Lesson Lesson Nineteen One
(Read from right to left.)
,
+*
)"( '$&
%
$#"!
.1
7/21/10 lh
‏َتونِستان
زه د ‏تونستان یم.‏
او تاسو؟
.2
.3
.4
---
*)('&%
$#
"!
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.5
.5
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; :&59 $8 $7654
; :&9
$8 $764
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,+
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/ ; :&59 $8 $7654 &'32
&'32
&'32
1)?-&> =5

pashto
.1?-&>
Lesson Nineteen Lesson (continued) One
(Read from right to left.)
;E4 .1
.8
$63Q&T .10
31
=

pashto
Lesson Twenty One
(Read from right to left.)
1. آ سالمُ‏ علیکم.‏
Lesson 20, Page 33
#3
#8
#10
وعلیکمُ‏ اسالم.‏
---
('&% $# "!
210/.-&,+*
تلې ده؟ (&
او.‏ سیده الړ شئ.‏
ډیر لَرې نه دی.‏
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
Lesson 20, Page 33
#3
#8
#10
--- ‏ومره لرې دی؟
('&%
$#
"!
210/.-&,+* &)
.7
.8
9. زه معلُومات نه لرم ---
210/.-&,+*
15!
4&3
.10
#11
32

#11
pashto
Lesson Twenty Lesson (continued) One
(Read from right to left.)
---
210/.-&,+*
>=+

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