Review for Honors Physics Semester 1 Final 2011 Chapter 1 1 ...
Review for Honors Physics Semester 1 Final 2011 Chapter 1 1 ...
Review for Honors Physics Semester 1 Final 2011 Chapter 1 1 ...
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<strong>Review</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>Honors</strong> <strong>Physics</strong> <strong>Semester</strong> 1 <strong>Final</strong> <strong>2011</strong><br />
<strong>Chapter</strong> 1<br />
1. Know the 7 areas within <strong>Physics</strong> (pg. 5, Table 1)<br />
2. Know the steps to the scientific method (pg. 6)<br />
3. Know the three main base dimensions (and their units) from which most other measurements are derived<br />
(pg. 11, Table 2)<br />
4. Know what a model is and what they are used <strong>for</strong> (pg. 6-9)<br />
5. Know the difference between accuracy and precision (pg. 16)<br />
6. Identify a linear (y=mx+b), quadratic (y=ax 2 +bx+c) and inverse square (y=1/x 2 ) graph<br />
<strong>Chapter</strong> 2<br />
1. A bus traveled north along a straight path <strong>for</strong> 2.5 h with an average velocity of 90 km/h, stopped <strong>for</strong> 30<br />
minutes, then traveled north <strong>for</strong> 1 h with an average velocity of 45 km/h.<br />
a.) What is the displacement <strong>for</strong> the total trip? (Answer: 270 km north)<br />
b.) What is the average velocity <strong>for</strong> the trip (in km/h)? (Answer: 67.5 km/h)<br />
2. A driver of a car traveling at +20 m/s applies the brakes, causing a uni<strong>for</strong>m acceleration of -3 m/s 2 . The<br />
brakes are applied <strong>for</strong> 4 seconds.<br />
a.) What is the velocity of the car at the end of the braking period? (Answer: 8 m/s)<br />
b.) How far has the car moved during the braking period? (Answer: 56 m)<br />
3. An aircraft has a liftoff speed of 162 km/h. The runway is 1,200 m long.<br />
a.) What is the minimum constant acceleration required <strong>for</strong> the aircraft to achieve liftoff speed on this<br />
runway? (Answer: 0.844 m/s 2 )<br />
b.) How long does it take the aircraft to become airborne (in seconds)? (Answer: 53.3 s)<br />
4. A ball accelerates from rest at a constant rate and travels <strong>for</strong> a total displacement of 50 m in 10 s. What is<br />
the average velocity of the ball? (Answer: 5 m/s)<br />
5. A car accelerates at a constant rate from 10 m/s to 20 m/s in 5 s. What is the displacement of the car in this<br />
time interval? (Answer: 75 m)<br />
6. A baseball is thrown vertically upward with an initial velocity of +12.0 m/s.<br />
a.) How high will it rise (above its starting point)? (Answer: 7.35 m)<br />
b.) How long will it take <strong>for</strong> it to reach its starting point? (Answer: 2.45 s)<br />
7. A probe is dropped down a crater on a planet where the free-fall acceleration is -1.5 m/s 2 . If it takes<br />
180 seconds to hit the bottom, how deep is the crater? (Answer: 24,300 m)<br />
8. A plate is dropped from a windowsill 50 m above the sidewalk.<br />
a.) How much time does a passerby on the sidewalk below have to move out of the way be<strong>for</strong>e the plate hits<br />
the ground? (Answer: 3.19 s)<br />
b.) How fast is the plate moving when it strikes the ground? (Answer: 31.3 m/s)<br />
9. A ball is thrown down from the top of a cliff with an initial downward speed of 5 m/s. If the ball hits the<br />
ground after 4 s, what is the height of the cliff? (Answer: 98.4 m)<br />
<strong>Chapter</strong> 3<br />
1. A boy walks 6 blocks north, 4 blocks east, and another 3 blocks south. Find the boy’s net displacement.<br />
(Answer: 5 blocks)<br />
2. While following the directions of a map, a girl walks 20 m north, then turns and walks 10 m east. What<br />
single straight-line displacement could the girl have taken to reach her destination? Include magnitude and<br />
direction in your answer. (Answer: 22.36 m at 26.57° E or N or 22.36 m at 63.43° N or E)<br />
3. A truck drives up a hill with a 10° incline. If the truck has a constant speed of 25 m/s, what are the<br />
horizontal and vertical components of the truck’s velocity? Make sure it is clear in your answer which is the<br />
horizontal and which is the vertical velocity. (Answer: v x =24.62 m/s and v y =4.34 m/s)<br />
4. A ball is fired from the ground with an initial speed of 1,500 m/s at an initial angle of 30° to the horizontal.<br />
a.) Find the amount of time the ball is in motion. (Answer: 153.06 s)<br />
b.) Find the ball’s horizontal range (distance). (Answer: 198,832.4 m)<br />
5. A pelican flying along a horizontal path drops a fish from a height of 9 m while traveling at 5 m/s. How far<br />
does the fish travel horizontally be<strong>for</strong>e it hits the water below? (Answer: 6.78 m)
<strong>Chapter</strong> 4<br />
1. A student moves a box of books down the hall at a constant velocity by pulling on a rope attached to the<br />
box. The student pulls with a <strong>for</strong>ce of 250 N at an angle of 30° above the horizontal. What is the <strong>for</strong>ce of<br />
friction between the books and the ground? (Answer: 216. 5 N)<br />
2. A cart with a weight of 500 N is accelerated across a level surface at 2 m/s 2 . What net <strong>for</strong>ce acts on the cart?<br />
(Answer: 102 N)<br />
3. Two perpendicular <strong>for</strong>ces, one of 30 N directed upward and the second of 40 N directed to the right, act<br />
simultaneously on an object with a mass of 10 kg. What is the resultant acceleration of the object?<br />
(Answer: 5 m/s 2 )<br />
4. A fish weighing 10 N is supported by a fishing line. What is the tension in the fishing line when the rod is<br />
pulled upward giving the fish and line an upward acceleration of 2 m/s 2 ? (Answer: 12.04 N)<br />
5. A 300 N box slides down a 10° frictionless incline at a constant velocity. What is the normal <strong>for</strong>ce of the<br />
slope acting on the box? (Answer: 295.44 N)<br />
6. A boy uses a rope to pull a 100 N box across a level surface with a constant velocity. The rope makes an<br />
angle of 20° above the horizontal, and the tension in the rope is 50 N. What is the normal <strong>for</strong>ce of the floor on<br />
the box? (Answer: 82.9 N)<br />
7. A box with an initial velocity of 20 m/s coasts to a halt in 50 m on a smooth surface. What is the coefficient<br />
of friction between the box and the floor? (Answer: 0.408)<br />
<strong>Chapter</strong> 5<br />
1. A girl pushes a box with a horizontal <strong>for</strong>ce of 100 N over a level distance of 2 m. If a frictional <strong>for</strong>ce of 40 N<br />
acts on the box in the direction opposite to that of the girl, what is the net work done on the box?<br />
(Answer: 120 J)<br />
2. A 5 kg ball falls from a height of 20 m. Just be<strong>for</strong>e hitting the ground, what will be its kinetic energy?<br />
(Answer: 980N)<br />
3. Calculate the kinetic energy of a 4 kg rock thrown at 10 m/s. (Answer: 200 J)<br />
4. If both the mass and the velocity of a ball are doubled, the kinetic energy of the ball is increased by a factor<br />
of (Answer: 8)<br />
5. A ball is kick straight up from the ground. If it rises to a height of 15 m, with what velocity does the ball<br />
leave the ground? (Answer: 17.15 m/s)<br />
6. What is the average power output of a weight lifter who can lift 300 kg 1 m in 3 s? (Answer: 980 W)<br />
<strong>Chapter</strong> 6<br />
1. What velocity must a 50 kg woman have in order to reach the momentum of a 70 kg man traveling at a<br />
velocity of 20 m/s to the west? (Answer: 28 m/s to the west)<br />
2. A baseball of mass 0.5 kg moves at a speed of 10 m/s. The ball is hit and rebounds in the opposite direction<br />
at a speed of 20 m/s. What is the change in momentum of the ball? (Answer: 15 kg·m/s)<br />
3. A 60 kg astronaut is on a spacewalk when the tether line to the shuttle breaks. The astronaut is able to<br />
throw an 8 kg oxygen tank in a direction away from the shuttle with a speed of 12 m/s, propelling the<br />
astronaut back to the shuttle. Assuming that the astronaut starts from rest, find the final speed of the<br />
astronaut after throwing the tank. (Answer: 1.6 m/s)<br />
4. Each pool ball has a mass of 2 kg. The number 7 ball travels at 12 m/s and strikes the stationary 4 ball. If the<br />
7 ball stops moving, what is the final velocity of the 4 ball after the collision? (Answer: 12 m/s)<br />
5. A 40 kg boy jumps from the dock with a velocity of 5 m/s onto a 60 kg stationary boat floating in the water.<br />
What is the final velocity of the boy and boat? (Answer: 2 m/s)<br />
6. During practice, a student kicks a 0.50 kg soccer ball with a velocity of 9 m/s to the south into a 0.30 kg<br />
bucket lying on its side. The bucket travels with the ball after the collision. What is the decrease in kinetic<br />
energy during the collision? (Answer: ≈ 7.6 J )<br />
7. A 30 kg canoe moving to the left at 18 m/s make an elastic head-on collision with a 15 kg raft moving to the<br />
right at 22.5 m/s. After the collision, the raft moves to the left at 31.5 m/s. Find the velocity of the canoe after<br />
the collision. (Answer: 9 m/s to the right)
SI Prefixes<br />
<strong>Chapter</strong> 2 <strong>Chapter</strong> 3<br />
<strong>Chapter</strong> 4<br />
Flat Surface<br />
Vertical Motion of a Projectile<br />
Incline<br />
Don’t <strong>for</strong>get to…<br />
*Make sure you calculator is in degrees<br />
*Be consistent with which direction is positive and which<br />
is negative. By convention…<br />
-to the right is positive and to the left is negative<br />
-up is positive and down is negative<br />
*Watch <strong>for</strong> signs<br />
Horizontal Motional of a<br />
Projectile<br />
=<br />
Projectiles Launched at an Angle<br />
<strong>Chapter</strong> 5<br />
<strong>Chapter</strong> 6<br />
Perfectly Inelastic Collision<br />
Elastic Collision<br />
Kinetic Energy<br />
or
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