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Nova Scotia and New Brunswick Pence to the United Kingdom George B. Arfken and Charles G. Firby The English Mails (to and from England, Scotland and Ireland) were of great importance to the people of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick in the 1850s. Most of the Nova Scotia pence-franked covers were domestic but 15% were addressed to Britain. For New Brunswick, the percentage to Britain was 17%. Mail to Britain was carried by Cunard packets from Halifax every two weeks. In the early 1850s mail to the United Kingdom was not cheap. The charge was 15d for ½ oz., five times the domestic letter rate. Figure 1 shows the earliest recorded example of this pence franking. This cover was posted in Saint John approximately on September 27, 1851 only three weeks after the New Brunswick pence had been issued. The postage was paid with a reddish purple one shilling and a bright red 3d. The London date stamp, OC 12 1851, indicates that the cover was carried by the Cunard Europa and that it was mailed about Sept. 27. The Europa arrived in Halifax from Boston, October 2 [1] and probably sailed from Halifax that day or the next day. Figure 2. 15d for ½ oz. This cover was posted in Halifax, January 22, 1852 and addressed to Glasgow, Scotland. Courtesy of Frederick R. Mayer. M24a On August 1, 1854, after consultation with the provinces, the British Post Office announced that the postal rate from the provinces to the U.K. was cut from 15d to 7½ d per ½ oz. This action created the problem of paying 7½ d with the current stamps. Nova Scotia Postmaster General Arthur Woodgate realized that there was no way of paying 7½ d with the Nova Scotia stamps and on October 4, 1854 authorized bisecting 3d stamps to help pay this specific rate. The authorization was only for the 3d stamps and only for this rate to the U.K. Figure 3 illustrates a 7½ d cover from Maitland, November 16, 1857 to Scotland paid with two blue 3d and a bisected 3d. The red Liverpool transit stamp of NO 29 identifies the Cunard Europa as the steamer that carried the cover. Figure 1. A single rate cover, 15d for ½ oz. from Saint John, N.B. to London, England, October 12, 1851. This is the earliest recorded usage of the New Brunswick one shilling. Courtesy of Warren S. Wilkinson. W50a A Nova Scotia example of the 15d for ½ oz. rate is shown in Figure 2. The cover was franked with a dull violet [2] one shilling and a dark blue 3d. There is a Halifax January 22, 1852 postmark indicating that the cover went on the Cunard Cambria. This is the earliest reported usage of the Nova Scotia one shilling. Figure 3. From Maitland (Hants), November 16, 1857, to Glasgow, Scotland. This bisect on this cover on this date was authorized. Courtesy of Frederick R. Mayer. M15a 20 • the CP / le PC • JF06
A New Brunswick 7½ d cover is shown in Figure 4. Mailed in Saint John, April 16, 1860, the cover was sent to Halifax for the Cunard Niagara that carried the cover to Queenstown, Ireland. The cover proceeded by rail in Ireland, ship across the Irish Sea and rail to London. There is red 30AP60 LONDON receiving mark. The required 7½ d was paid with a New Brunswick olive yellow 6d and a quadrisected 6d. New Brunswick had never authorized bisection, not even for this 7½ d rate and certainly did not authorize quadrisection but the cover was accepted. The cover is part of the extensive and mysterious Miss Smith correspondence. recorded [3] . The 15d for one ounce was paid with two yellow green 6d and a blue 3d. The cover was mailed in Wallace, N.S. on October 7, 1856. Wallace is on the Northumberland Strait and the cover may have reached Halifax in time for the Cunard Canada that arrived from Boston on October 10. The red British receiving mark is illegible. Figure 5. A double rate cover from Wallace, N.S., October 7, 1856 to London. Courtesy of Frederick R. Mayer. M18a [1] Atlantic Mails, J.C. Arnell, Ottawa, 1980. Figure 4. From Saint John, April 16, 1860 to London. Courtesy of Warren S. Wilkinson. W45 There were double rate covers. Figure 5 shows one of the four Nova Scotia double rate covers [2] The color given by Argenti is cold violet. The Unitrade Specialized Catalogue 2000 gives dull violet. We go along with Unitrade and dull violet. [3] The Pence Covers of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, 1851 - 1860, Arfken and Firby, 2005, in press. There was no triple rate for 12 oz.. Above one ounce, the rate was 15d per ounce. Some items from my desk... 4e / 24b $1,000 for this Queen Victoria “Large Queen” 2 cent Certified by Vincent Graves Green A1 / 1 $1,600 for this very nice cover of the first stamp of the Province of Canada. Certified by Vincent Graves Green Formerly Darnell at Eaton’s. Publishers of the Darnell Stamps of Canada Catalogue and the Canadian Philatelic E.F.O.’s CSDA, AQPP, RPSC, ATA, APS, BNAPS 9b / 29b $1,500 for this Queen Victoria “Large Queen” 15 cent Certified by Vincent Graves Green Okay, so I am guilty too of piling things up on my desk. Look what I found! Next time we’ll do the closet... Want more details? Give Lyse a call. A6c / 5d $2,200 for this lovely cover of a Prince Albert 6 pence, gray violet Certified by Vincent Graves Green To order call 1-800-561-9977 www.rousseaucollections.com rousseaucollections@bellnet.ca 230 Saint-Jacques, Old Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2Y 1L9 Tel. : 514-284-8686 Fax. : 514-284-8596 JF06 • the CP / le PC • 21
Page 1 and 2: The Le Canadian Philatelist Philat
Page 4 and 5: THE ROYAL PHILATELIC SOCIETY OF CAN
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Page 62 and 63: in my OPINION à mon AVIS by Bret E

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