Renewable energy perspective plan of nepal 200-2020 an ... - SNV

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List of Consultants Dr. R. D. Joshi Dr. A. B. Karki and Dr. K. B. Karki Dr. G. L. Shrestha Mr. R. B. Adhikari Dr. J. R. Pokharel Mr. R. N. Bhattarai Dr. D. K. Sharma and Prof. J. N. Shrestha Mr. G. R. Pokharel and Mr. S. Gautam Mr. M. Ranjit Microhydro Biogas Bio-fuel Biomass Solar Passive Building Solar Thermal Solar PV Wind Geothermal List of Officials consulted during the Report Preparation Prof. Dr. P.P. Timilsinha. Mr. K. M. Singh. Mrs. Padma Mathema Mrs. Sharada Bajracharya Mr. Ramesh P. Nepal Mrs. Dibya K. Shrestha Mr. Mukunda Raj Prakash Mr. Bishnu Dutta Abasthi Mr. Krishna P. Pokharel Mr. Arjun B. Singh Mr. Umesh Nath Sigdei DOE/TU REDP/UNDP NPC NPC Ministry of Industry Ministry of Education Ministry of Local development Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Forestry and Soil Conservation Ministry of Health Center of Renewable Energy
1. INTRODUCTION Ensuring minimum basic needs lies at the core of the development and basic energy services are one of such needs apart from health, education and other infrastructure services. Minimum basic energy services raise two questions - what is minimum and in what form? Minimum should not mean hand-out to satisfy 'immediate needs. The lasting solution to indigence of the rural people is to strengthen the self-reliance so that they not only escape from the present hardship but also do so permanently with dignity. If this is the case, then providing energy to meet social needs like cooking, drinking water supply, and street lighting is only a beginning. Energy should also be made available to create jobs, to generate income and to develop assets as an insurance against the future insecurities and uncertainties. 'Thus, minimum energy services should also cater for economic growth opportunities to put rural poor firmly on the road to recovery from the poverty. With regard to the question on the form of energy, it should be provided in the form' that meets above social and economic criteria in a sustainable manner. Sources that are traditionally used such as biomass for social needs may be adequate while others like electricity and other modern form of energy are essential to meet economic-growth agenda. Renewable energy in this context is a logical choice as it meets the environmental criteria and suits socioeconomic setup that call for expandable and modular small energy system for the rural economy of the country which is highly dispersed and lack infrastructure. In addition, it must be realized that renewable energy is a domestic resource, which has the potential to contribute to or provide complete security of supply. Historically. Nepal's rural populations have been meeting the energy needs from the traditional sources like fuelwood and other biomass resources. Uses of modem form of energy — electricity, kerosene and diesel - are comparatively new and at some rural areas they are yet to be introduced. Moreover, it is evident that traditional way of biomass consumption is neither sustainable nor desirable for reasons like environmental concern and need to improve quality of life. Therefore, there is a need to substitute as well as supplement the traditional energy supply system by modem forms in terms of resource and resource tapping technologies. Because of the country's full dependence on imported fossil fuel, high cost of grid connection and low level of demand, a decentralized energy supply system becomes natural choice. Decentralized new and renewable energy systems such as biogas, microhydro, solar photovoltaic (PV). etc. provide feasible energy supply options in rural areas that are clean in terms of emission and also meet the concern of social justice. Renewable energy is virtually uninterruptible and available infinitely because of its wide spread complimentary technologies fining well into Nepal's need of the diversified supply. Socioeconomic effects from increased supply of modem energy such as renewable sources of energy are multifaceted. To enumerate a few of them -- i) it helps to encounter rural de-population or migration to urban areas by creating job and modem amenities in rural areas, ii) it provides means to improve quality of life by providing rural electrification, iii) it can also strengthen process of democratization by making modern communication and information flow easier, and iv) it can also help urban population by creating job opportunities created by development of industries related to manufacturing renewable energy.
Page 1 and 2: (Draft for discussion only, limited
Page 3 and 4: ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The Center for Ener
Page 5 and 6: LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ACAP : Annapu
Page 7: Steering Committee Members Committe
Page 11 and 12: 2. NATIONAL ENERGY SUPPLY AND DEMAN
Page 13 and 14: 3. REVIEW OF RURAL ENERGY SITUATION
Page 15 and 16: states that rural electrification p
Page 17 and 18: Terai and inner Terai regions. Due
Page 19 and 20: and education, these organizations
Page 21 and 22: activities can be created in the ru
Page 23 and 24: More recently, an entrepreneur has
Page 25 and 26: component in their training curricu
Page 27 and 28: 3.2 Other Commercial Banks Local co
Page 29 and 30: After the introduction of the Bioga
Page 31 and 32: During the Eighth Plan period, the
Page 33 and 34: Regarding the financial progress in
Page 35 and 36: Table 3: Energy Consumption Project
Page 37 and 38: 7. SUBSIDY POLICY REVIEW The govern
Page 39 and 40: years. The subsidy is channeled mai
Page 41 and 42: As can be seen from the Table 3, co
Page 43 and 44: ural economic activities, it is imp
Page 45 and 46: a) to facilitate economic growth an
Page 47 and 48: ) An institutional arrangement will
Page 49 and 50: 4.3 Human Resource Development The
Page 51 and 52: 10. THE LONG TERM PROGRAMME OUTLINE
Page 53 and 54: 11. RET SUB-SECTORAL OBJECTIVES, PO
Page 55 and 56: hilly and remote districts should b
Page 57 and 58: • To encourage manufacturing indu
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Policy and Strategy: To create awar
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12. DIRECTION FOR THE FOLLOW-UP OF
Page 63 and 64:
Annex 1 Participants List for Mini
Page 65 and 66:
Participants List of Mini Workshop
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