5418 ISS Monograph 174.indd - Institute for Security Studies

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Edited by Cheryl Hendricks and Takawira Musavengana of criminal intelligence as the police in the region recognised the fact that criminals are not controlled by political boundaries. Police forces have traditionally been taught to be guardians of information. Because of legislation guarding official secrets, there was previously no scope for providing information to a foreign police organisation. As a result, criminal intelligence was jealously guarded and would never be disclosed. 27 The SARPCCO constitution and agreement have assisted in the exchange of information in order to combat criminal activities in the region, and have facilitated the planning of intelligence-driven joint operations – at the rate of two per year in the first five years. These targeted motor vehicle theft, drug cultivation and trafficking, firearms trafficking, fugitives from justice, diamond smuggling, and illegal migration. Some of the operations involved a cluster of countries simultaneously. Motor vehicle theft was the focus of attention in joint Operation V4, which was conducted between February and March 1997, and involved Mozambique, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Over a 12-day period, 1 576 stolen vehicles were recovered, of which 92 per cent had been stolen from South Africa. 28 Other regional operations that followed this strategy included: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Operation Atlantic, July 1998, covering Botswana, South Africa and Namibia Operation Midas, June 1998, covering Lesotho, Mauritius, South Africa and Swaziland Operation Stone, April 1998, covering Angola, Botswana and Namibia Operation Sesani, April 1999, covering Botswana, Tanzania, Malawi, South Africa and Zimbabwe Operation Makhulu, July to August 2000, covering Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland and Zimbabwe Although these joint operations were designed to control and seek further intelligence on drugs, firearms, diamonds and illegal immigration, the planning sessions noted that motor vehicles were the common denominator in all the targeted crimes. SARPCCO undertook Operation Mamba in Tanzania in 2008 and in 2009 Operation Fiela in Lesotho (both targeting counterfeit pharmaceuticals). 29 Effective control of the trans-border Monograph 174 27
The security sector in Souhern Africa movement of stolen vehicles would therefore go a long way towards controlling the other crimes. SARPCCO member countries face certain common challenges, which have been crystallised as the prevailing priority crimes. At the moment the list comprises: 30 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Smuggling and illegal importation of goods and counterfeit commodities Drug trafficking Smuggling stolen motor vehicles Armed robberies Smuggling endangered species and rare resources Financial crime Money laundering Illegal migration, people smuggling and human trafficking Terrorism Stock theft Corruption SARPCCO Code of Conduct SARPCCO Code of Conduct was adopted in Harare, Zimbabwe, in 2001. It serves as the minimum standard for police forces/services in the region. Each of the member states is required to implement it at national level. Police from member states are also supposed to undergo training, organised by SARPCCO Training Committee, on the aspects entailed in the code of conduct. The code establishes a basis for the behaviour of the police, in accordance with democratic standards. Ensuring the implementation of the code, though, appears to be lacking, as enforcement mechanisms by SARPCCO are not in place. Challenges for SARPCCO Corruption Corruption weakens the integrity and effectiveness of institutions, corroding ethical standards. Corruption may impact negatively on the detection, investigation and prosecution of crime. Interpol believes that corruption ‘fuels’ transnational organised crime and that organised criminals would not be able to carry out their illegal activities without the complicity of corrupt public 28 Institute for Security Studies
Page 1 and 2: The security sector in Southern Afr
Page 4 and 5: Contents Acknowledgements . . . . .
Page 6: Edited by Cheryl Hendricks and Taka
Page 9 and 10: About the authors The following peo
Page 11 and 12: The security sector in Souhern Afri
Page 18 and 19: 1 Introduction The Security Sector
Page 20 and 21: Edited by Cheryl Hendricks and Taka
Page 28 and 29: 2 Southern African Development Comm
Page 54 and 55: 3 Botswana POLITICAL OVERVIEW Botsw
Page 76 and 77: 4 Democratic Republic of Congo POLI
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Edited by Cheryl Hendricks and Taka
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5 Lesotho POLITICAL OVERVIEW Lesoth
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6 Mozambique POLITICAL OVERVIEW Lik
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The security sector in Souhern Afri
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8 Zimbabwe POLITICAL OVERVIEW Nomin
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9 Conclusion This study of the secu
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Notes 1 Securing Peace and Developm
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ISS MONOGRAPH 174 Cette monographie
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