Linux Basic day 1.pdf

Linux Administrator ( Fundamental) 

Mr.Kriangsak Namkot 

Trainer & Director 

Jodoi IT&Service Co.,Ltd. 

jodoi@jodoi.com 

jodoi1819@hotmail.com 

http://www.jodoi.com 

Linux Administrator ( Fundamental) 

Day 1 

9:00 am - 12.00 am 

-Open Source &Linux 

-Installing Linux Server 

-Lab Test Installing Linux Server 

-Shutdown & Reboot Linux Server & inittab 

1:00 pm - 4.00 pm 

-Basic Shell commands 

(man,ls,cd,cp,mv,rm,file,cat,more,tail,grep,locate,etc) 

-Backing up your files (tar) 

-Lab Test shell command 

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Open Source & Linux 

•The Open Source Definition is used by 

the Open Source Initiative to determine 

whether or not a software license can be 

considered open source. 

•Linux is an operating system that evolved 

from a kernel created by Linus Torvalds 

when he was a student at the University 

of Helsinki. Finland , it is obvious to most 

people what Linux is. 

Properties of Linux 

• Linux is free 

• Linux is portable to any hardware platform 

• Linux was made to keep on running 

• Linux is secure and versatile 

• Linux is scalable 

• Multitasking 

• Multiuser 

• Text Mode & Graphic Mode (Xwindows) 

• Console & Remote 

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Linux Kernel 

•In computer science, the kernel is the 

central component of most computer 

operating systems (OS). Its 

responsibilities include managing the 

system's resources (the communication 

between hardware and software 

components). 

Linux Shell 

•Shell is a user program or it's environment 

provided for user interaction. Shell is an 

command language interpreter that 

executes commands read from the 

standard input device (keyboard) or from a 

file. 

Kernel Hardware 

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http://distrowatch.com/ 

http://www.redhat.com/ 

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http://www.centos.org/ 

http://fedoraproject.org/ 

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http://www.debian.org/ 

http://www.ubuntu.com/ 

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http://www.opensuse.org/en/ 

http://www.opentle.org/ 

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http://www.nectec.or.th/pub/reviewsoftware/linuxsis/linuxsis.html 

Installing Linux Server 


by 

VMware Workstation 

ACE Edition version 6.0.4 

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Reboot and basic configuration 

• Shutdown 

shutdown -bring the system down 

# shutdown –h now 

• Restart 

# shutdown –r now 

# shutdown –r +5 ( restart in 5minutes) 

# reboot 

# vi /etc/inittab 

Reboot and basic configuration 

# vi /etc/inittab 

~ 

# Default runlevel. The runlevels used by RHS are: 

# 0 - halt (Do NOT set initdefault to this) 

# 1 - Single user mode 

# 2 - Multiuser, without NFS (The same as 3, if you do not 

have networking) 

# 3 - Full multiuser mode 

# 4 - unused 

# 5 - X11 

# 6 - reboot (Do NOT set initdefault to this) 

# 

id:3:initdefault: 

~ 

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File in Linux 

• In Linux, everything is a file 

Looking at the world from the eyes of the Linux 

kernel, everything is a file. Devices like modems, 

monitors, CD-Roms, hard drives, even keyboards 

and printers are files. You (what you type on the 

keyboard, at least) are a file, the data that appears 

on your screen in response to what you've typed is 

a file, even any error messages that might result 

from what you've typed is a file. In fact, those last 

three files form something of a trinity that deserves 

special attention: standard input, standard output, 

and standard error. 

File in Linux 

• / Root Partition 

The following directories, or symbolic links todirectories, are 

required in /. 

– /bin Essential command binaries 

– /boot Static files of the boot loader 

– /dev Device files 

– /mnt Mount point for mounting a filesystemtemporarily 

– /etc Host-specific system configuration 

– /home User home directories (optional) 

– /lib Essential shared libraries and kernel modules 

– /root Home directory for the root user (optional) 

– /var Variable data 

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Hardware in Linux 

• /dev/fd0 First floppy disk (Floppy A:) 

• /dev/fd1 Second floppy disk (Floppy B:) 

• /dev/hda1/ Partition 1 of first IDE disk 




• /dev/hda5 / logical Partition 1 of first IDE disk 


• /dev/hdb1/ Partition 1 of second IDE disk 




• /dev/hdb5 / logical Partition 1 of second IDE disk 

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• /dev/cdrom CD-ROM Drive 

• /dev/sda/ SCSI Primary Master 

• /dev/sdb/ SCSI Primary Slave 

• /dev/sdc/ SCSI Secondary master 

• /dev/sdd/ SCSI Secondary Slave 

Used Shell Commands 

• man - format and display the on-line manual pages 

• ls -list directory contents 

-a, --all do not ignore entries starting with . 

-l use a long listing format 

[root@jodoi-server ~]# ls -la 

drwxr-x--- 15 root root 4096 Jan 7 11:37 . 

drwxr-xr-x 23 root root 4096 Jan 12 08:20 .. 

-rw------- 1 root root 1051 Jan 7 17:45 anaconda-ks.cfg 

-rw------- 1 root root 347 Jan 8 11:57 .bash_history 

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 24 Jul 13 2006 .bash_logout 

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•Change the current directory 

• # cd 

Directory 

. Current Directory 

.. Parent Directory 

/ Root Directory 

~ Home Directory (/home/) 


• cp - copy files and directories 

• cp [option] [source file2] […] 

• Options 

–-p 

Preserve permission, owner 

–-r Recursive 

–-v explain what is being done 

–-f force overwriting 

• Ex cp xxx.txt yyy.txt 

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• mv - move (rename) files 

• mv [option] [source2] […] 

• Options 

-f, --force 

• Ex mv file1.txt file2.txt 

[root@jodoi-server tmp]# mv test1.txt test2.txt 


• rm -remove files or directories 

• rm [options] … Ex rm file1.txt 

• Options: 

-f, --force 

,ignore nonexistent files, never prompt 

-i, --interactive 

,prompt before any removal 

-r, -R, --recursive 

,remove directories and their contents recursively 

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Ex 

[root@jodoi-server ~]# ls -la |more 

[root@jodoi-server ~]# ls -la |grep log 

[root@jodoi-server ~]# cat /etc/ssh/sshd_config |grep Port 

[root@jodoi-server ~]# cat /etc/passwd |grep root 


locate - find files by name 

Updatedb - update a database for mlocate 

Ex 

[root@jodoi-server ~]# cp /tmp/test2.txt test3.txt 

[root@jodoi-server ~]# locate test3.txt 

[root@jodoi-server ~]# updatedb 

[root@jodoi-server ~]# locate test3.txt 

/root/test3.txt 

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• file -determine file type 

• cat -concatenate files and print on the 

standard output 

• more -file perusal filter for crt viewing 

• tail -output the last part of files 

[root@jodoi-server ~]# man -k copy |more 

[root@jodoi-server ~]# ls --help |more 


| (A pipe) - is a means by which the output fromone 

process becomes the input to a second. In technical 

terms, the standard output of one command is sent 

to the standard input of a second command. 

Grep -searches the named input FILEs (or standard 

input if no files are named, or the file name - is 

given) for lines containing a match to the given 

PATTERN. By default, grep prints the matching 

lines. 

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System log 

root@jodoi-server ~]# tail -f /var/log/messages 

[root@jodoi-server ~]# tail -10 /var/log/secure 

[root@jodoi-server ~]# tail -f /var/log/secure 

Aug 16 13:48:52 jodoi-server su: pam_unix(su-l:auth): 

authentication failure; logname=jodoi uid=500 euid=0 

tty=pts/0 ruser=jodoi rhost= user=root 

Aug 16 13:48:58 jodoi-server su: pam_unix(su-l:auth): 

authentication failure; logname=jodoi uid=500 euid=0 

tty=pts/0 ruser=jodoi rhost= user=root 

Aug 16 13:49:03 jodoi-server su: pam_unix(su-l:session): 

session opened for user root by jodoi(uid=500) 

Backing up your files 

tar -The GNU version of the tar archiving utility 

Operations: 

[-]c --create 

[-]x --extract --get 

--delete 

Common Options: 

-C, --directory DIR 

-f, --file F 

-j, --bzip2 

-v, --verbose 

-z, --gzip 

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EXAMPLES 

Backing up your files 

tar -xvf foo.tar 

tar -xzf foo.tar.gz 

verbosely extract foo.tar 

extract gzipped foo.tar.gz 

tar -cjf foo.tar.bz2 bar/ create bzipped tar archive 

of the directory bar called foo.tar.bz2 

tar -xjf foo.tar.bz2 -C bar/ extract bzipped 

foo.tar.bz2 after changing directory to bar 

tar -xzf foo.tar.gz blah.txt 

from foo.tar.gz 

extract the file blah.txt 

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