Literature on Air Pollution and Lichens XXXIV

400 THE LICHENOLOGIST Vol.23
pollution effects, notably the near-extinction of Tuckermannopsis sepincola and the dire
condition of Umbilicaria and Lasallia within the area.]
Silberstein, L., Siegel, S. M., Keller, P., Siegel, B. Z. & Galun, M. (1990) A new method for
the extraction of ATP from lichens. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 38:411^418. [New methods of
ATP extraction applied to Ramalina duriaei and Xanthoria parietina, make possible the use
of ATP concentrations as indicators of air pollution effects on lichens.]
Sloof, J. E. & Wolterbeek, H. T. (1991) National trace-element air pollution monitoring survey
using epiphytic lichens. Lichenologist 23:139-165. [Element concentrations in Parmelia sulcata
from various deciduous trees were used to monitor trace element air pollution in two Dutch
national surveys, 1982-1983 and 1986—1987. Variations in concentrations on both local and
national scales were established. Geographical concentration patterns were obtained from the
data sets of the surveys, and agreed with data on air atmospheric concentrations and deposition
levels. Comparison of data sets showed pattern changes over 5 years. Element concentration
patterns in lichens reflected total deposition and atmospheric concentrations rather than wet
deposition only and gave insight into locations and characters of pollution sources.]
Smith, C. W. (1991) Lichen conservation in Hawaii. In Tropical Lichens: Their Systematic!,
Conservation, and Ecology. (The Systematics Association Special Volume 43.j (D. J.
Galloway, ed.): 35—45. Oxford: Clarendon Press. [Increasing anthropogenic disturbance,
including dust pollution from building and agricultural work and agricultural chemical
contamination, results in an impoverished lichen flora. Lichens in forests downwind of
sugarcane and pineapple lands where tilling creates large dust clouds, are smothered and
killed. The impact is visible up to 3 km distant. A ' lichen desert' reaches 50 m and more
from fields where agrochemicals are used.]
Sechting, U. (1991) Laver som kvaelstofmonitorer i danske skove: 1-75. Copenhagen: Institut
for Sporeplanter, Copenhagen University. [Nitrogen content was analysed in more than
1000 samples of Hypogymnia physodes, mainly from Norway spruce in south Jutland.
Hypogymnia physodes in Denmark contains between 7-5-31-5",, total N. Lowest N content
was on low branches or small trees. Increasing tree height led to increased nitrogen content
on the lower branches.]
Staaland, H., Hove, K. & Pedersen, O. (1990) Transport and recycling of radiocesium in the
alimentary tract of reindeer. Rangifer (1990, special issue 3): 63-72. [Reindeer in this experiment
were fed lichens collected in Jotunheimen, south Norway, contaminated with post-
Chernobyl radiocaesium. Daily intake of " 4 Cs and " 7 Cs was c 9-9 kBq. Radionuclide activity
was monitored. Data are presented and discussed.]
Stewart, N. (1990) Red data books for cryptogamic plants. Transactions of the Botanical Society of
Edinburgh 45: 473-481. [Includes brief comments on aspects of air pollution posing a
threat to British habitats important for cryptogamic plants. Wet climate and predominantly
westerly winds blowing much air pollution eastwards give added importance to the status of
the British lichen flora in a European context.]
Stone, D. F. & McCune, B. (1990) Annual branching in the lichen Evernia prunastri in Oregon.
Bryologist 93: 32-36. [Repeated photography showed that E. prunastri follows an annual
branching cycle. Further study showed that age estimates, determined from the branching
pattern, can be accurate enough for demographic studies involving lichen histories and
element accumulation (changes in trapping efficiency over time).]
Tommervik, H., Johansen, B. E. & Eira, A. N. (1990) Mapping the air pollution impact to
reindeer range areas in Pasvik, Northern Norway using satellite imageries. Rangifer (1990.
special issue 4): 19-20. [Study of the effectiveness of Landsat 1 MSS and Landsat 5 TM in
detecting and mapping air pollution impact on reindeer range areas in the neighbourhood of
Pasvik. Classification accuracy was 83-4°,, for the Landsat 1 MSS image in 1973. Landsat 5
TM in 1985 was 96" () accurate for pine forests and extreme dry heaths with lichen, 80-90",,
accurate for dry heath with lichen, and 89",, accurate for birch forests with lichen cover. Air
pollution was well mapped on the basis of the Landsat 5 TM satellite. Comparison with
1973 maps showed disappearance of lichen cover in mountain areas (only Cetrana mvalis
survives) and serious reindeer lichen depletion in forest areas.]
Trass, H. (1989) Kritika i bibliografia. Sovremennaya literatura po lishainikam v SSSR, (1985,
1986). [Critique and bibliography. Modern literature concerning lichens in the USSR
(1985,1986).] Bulletin of the Moscow Naturalists' Society, Biological Series 94: 130-137. [A
critical bibliography of 182 items of which 39 are relevant to lichen bioindication.]