EDF Guadeloupe - Interreg-caraibes.org

Direction SEI
SEI
EDF Guadeloupe

Agenda
1) EDF Insular Power Systems
SEI Division
Specificities
2) EDF Guadeloupe
The (is)land of RE experiments
3) Problematic
Demand/Supply Equilibrium
Safety of the system
4) Expectations
How to increase the part of RE in a system
2
22 juin 2009 EDF Archipel Guadeloupe

1
EDF Insular Power Systems
3
22 juin 2009 EDF Archipel Guadeloupe

Insular Power Systems Division (SEI)
SEI Division is in charge of the production, transportation and sale of
electricity in the following French territories :
- CORSE
- GUADELOUPE
- MARTINIQUE
- LA REUNION
- GUYANE
- SAINT PIERRE ET MIQUELON
Corse
4
22 juin 2009 EDF Archipel Guadeloupe

Specificities
Insular Power Systems Division (SEI)
Territories isolated, from an electrical point of view ⇒ not (or few) connected to
another electrical system (particularly, the European system)
Small size systems ⇒ small production units, leading to high production costs
(100 to 260 €/MWh, for the most classical technologies used),
French (and European !) territories ⇒ same electricity tariff in Paris and in
Guadeloupe, French and European Regulation applied (RE targets)
All these realities make it difficult to create a end users market :
•EDF buys all electricty produced respecting long term contracts
• EDF is the sole supplier for the final clients
• Regulated market : compensation of the extra-costs by the regulator
(CSPE mechanism)
5
22 juin 2009 EDF Archipel Guadeloupe

2
Guadeloupe Island Electricity
System Overview
6
22 juin 2009 EDF Archipel Guadeloupe

Guadeloupe’s patchwork of
energies…
Wind producers
25 MW
JARRY NORD
thermal 167,2 MW
LE MOULE
Sugar cane fiber / Coal 64 MW
JARRY SUD
thermal 100 MW
Sainte
-Rose
Diesel
secours
La Désirade
ÉNERGIES ANTILLES
thermal 15 MW
GÉOTHERMIE BOUILLANTE
geothermal 15 MW
Pointe
-à-Pitre
Sainte-Anne
Grid HTB (63 000 volts)
BANANIER
hydro 3 MW
Wind
Hydro
Thermal
Basse-Terre
Diesel
secours
LE CARBET
hydro 4,6 MW
Biomass / Coal
Geothermal
Electrical Network
10 km
Diesel
secours
Les Saintes
Marie-Galante
7
22 juin 2009 EDF Archipel Guadeloupe

Electricity production in Guadeloupe in
2008
Total Electricity Production in 2008 : 1609 GWh (of which 13,6% RE)
PRODUCTION 2008 Guadeloupe continentale
Hydro south islands
w ind 1%
EDF
CDE Jarry
3%
0%
Géothermal Bouillante 7%
6%
biomass/Coal CTM
25%
thermal EDF Jarry
Sud
8%
thermal EDF Jarry
Nord
49%
Total Installed Capacity : 402 MW (of which 51 MW RE)
8
22 juin 2009 EDF Archipel Guadeloupe

Renewable Electricity in Guadeloupe in
2008
Total renewable Production in 2008 : 220 GWh
Répartition des ENR
biomass 32 % %
solar 0.9 %
Hydro 8.3 %
w ind 32 %
geothermal 40.2
%
Total Installed Capacity : 51 MW + 59 MW bagasse/coal
9
22 juin 2009 EDF Archipel Guadeloupe

Island Presentation
Status : French Department, Ultra-peripheric European Region,
Caribbean island
Population : 448 000
Land : 1780 km²
Electricity system
Installed capacity : 402MW (of which 279 owned by EDF)
208 000 clients, +3,9% increase of demand (2002-2006)
Electricity production in 2008 : 1609 GWh (+0 % increase)
10
22 juin 2009 EDF Archipel Guadeloupe

Island Presentation
Geothermal Energy in Guadeloupe
Installed capacity : 15 MW (2 PP 11+ 4 MW)
Geothermal Electricity production in 2008 : 89 GWh
Geothermal potential : 30 MW more in 2015 (Bouillante 3) and 40 MW with
Dominic potential
bagasse Energy in Guadeloupe
Installed capacity : 59 MW (2 PP)
bagasse Electricity production in 2008 : 58 GWh
bagasse potential : 12 MW in 2015 in Marie Galante
11
22 juin 2009 EDF Archipel Guadeloupe

Island Presentation
Wind Energy in Guadeloupe
Installed capacity : 24,9 MW (13 windfarms)
Wind Electricity production in 2008 : 48 GWh
Wind potential : 60 MW in 2015 (source : ‘PPI_2006’ French Parliament Report)
Hydro Energy in Guadeloupe
Installed capacity : 9,4 MW (13 small units)
hydro Electricity production in 2008 : 21 GWh
hydro potential : 10 MW more in 2020
Solar Energy in Guadeloupe
Installed capacity : 3 MWc (300 units on roofs)
solar Electricity production in 2008 : 3 GWh
solar potential : 100 MW in Guadeloupe
12
22 juin 2009 EDF Archipel Guadeloupe

3
Problematic
13
22 juin 2009 EDF Archipel Guadeloupe

Example of a daily load curve in Guadeloupe
2008
240
220
200
180
160
140
load in MW
14
120
100
0:00
1:45
3:30
5:15
7:00
8:45
10:30
12:15
14:00
15:45
17:30
19:15
21:00
22:45
hours
22 juin 2009 EDF Archipel Guadeloupe

Example of a 1MWc grid-connected PV plant
daily production (Reunion island)
⇒ The PV potential in Guadeloupe is up to 100 MW (5 MWc actually)
15
22 juin 2009 EDF Archipel Guadeloupe

12
10
Example of a Windfarm daily production in
Guadeloupe
09/09/2007
01:15
02:30
03:45
05:00
06:15
07:30
08:45
10:00
11:15
12:30
13:45
15:00
16:15
17:30
18:45
20:00
21:15
22:30
23:45
16
8
6
4
2
0
22 juin 2009 EDF Archipel Guadeloupe
00:00

17
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Example of a Windfarm daily production in
Guadeloupe
11/06/2007
00:00
01:15
02:30
03:45
05:00
06:15
07:30
08:45
10:00
11:15
12:30
13:45
15:00
16:15
17:30
18:45
20:00
21:15
22:30
23:45
22 juin 2009 EDF Archipel Guadeloupe

The issue we want to solve
- Wind and PV plants are occasional and unpredictable systems, compared to the
other technologies.
- The mitigation effect (several systems compensating each other) is quite limited,
regarding a same island
- Their production capacity is not sure, forcing the other production plants to be
more flexible in order to compensate their variations.
- The ‘isolation’ aspect leads to more severe risks (blackouts,…), because the
outage of 1 power plant only cause more important damages than in France : ratio
of 0,4% for the European System, up to 20% for an SEI system…
So, it is prioritary for the security of the island systems to :
Have tools able to forecast the dynamic power production of windfarms
Have means able to compensate the power production variations due to the lack of wind or
sun
Have PV and wind power systems able to bear decreases of voltage or frequency, without
disconnecting from the network.
18
22 juin 2009 EDF Archipel Guadeloupe

Demand/Supply Equilibrium
At any time, the responsible of the island system has to :
Ensure the equilibrium between the instant demand (clients consumption) and
Supply (electricity production)
Anticipate a variation in:
Electricity demand
Non guaranted production (wind and PV)
Guaranted production (due to unplanned outage)
Adopt rules for the security of the system
Rule of the 30 %, maximum installed capacity of non predictable energy (wind
and PV)
Rules for connection to the grid, without generating disturbances or being
disturbed by the network variations.
19
22 juin 2009 EDF Archipel Guadeloupe

Why 30% ?
Wind studies of Corsica’s university conclude
30% of thermal production or 21% total production (thermal plus importation,
because Corsica is interconnected)
Studies of EDF R&D on wind power
30% in Corsica
between 24 and 33% in Guadeloupe depending on the sort of windfarm
studies R&D on solar + wind :
30% in Corsica, solar has the same constraint as wind
EDF policy :
To limit in real time at 30% the part of non predictable renewable to avoid the
risk of black-out
20
22 juin 2009 EDF Archipel Guadeloupe

What about the other islands ?
Island of Crete
The winf farm production is limited at 30% of the instant consumption
Canary Islands
The installed wind production is fixed by the law for each island. It’s between 10
and 30 % of the minimum load
In Sardinia,
Same as Canary, limited at 400 MW for 1200MW of minimum load
In Australia
In small isolated systems, maximum of 40% of instant consumption, but primary
reserve is also bigger
21
22 juin 2009 EDF Archipel Guadeloupe

4
Expectations
22
22 juin 2009 EDF Archipel Guadeloupe

French government wills
At the end of 2007 took place the « Grenelle de l’environnement » an
environment round table
⇒A special program for french overseas territories which plan the
energy autonomy via control of consumption and 50 % use of RE :
• Support R&D
• Adopt thermal regulations
• Control demand
• Support RE with the objective of an energy climate plan in 2012
• Make the french overseas territories a priority zone for new RE
PRERURE finalised in 2008 by the Region Guadeloupe
23
22 juin 2009 EDF Archipel Guadeloupe

How to increase the 30 %
Develop the predictable renewable like biomass, geothermal, hydro,
sea power.
Comparison duration between renewable :
Géothermal : 8 000 h per year
Hydro : from 4 to 8 000 h per year
bagasse : from 2 to 4 000 hours per year
wind : 2 200 h per year
PV : 1 500 h per year
For having the same energy delivered, you have to install :
10 MW geothermal
36 MW wind
53 MW solar
24
22 juin 2009 EDF Archipel Guadeloupe

EDF Group very active for the development of
RE in the French islands
The 30% cap of non guaranted RE is not reached yet in Guadeloupe.
Very active producers in these islands : EDF EN, Tenesol
Several Research and operationnal projects to better integrate these energies in the
island systems :
CAPENERGIE : Storage, RE integration, PV forecasting
European Projects : ADRESS, ANEMOS.plus (wind forecasting)
EDF R&D Research program on island systems
Cooperation with Lille University on windfarms integration on islands
Industrial partnerships with Tenesol and Saft on guaranted RE (Guadeloupe)
NAS Storage project (Réunion island)
EDF R&D work on electricity storage
Research program on linking electrical end-uses and RE power production
25
…
22 juin 2009 EDF Archipel Guadeloupe

Thank You !
26
22 juin 2009 EDF Archipel Guadeloupe