Heat and Gas Diffusion in Comet Nuclei (pdf file 5.5 MB) - ISSI

More documents

Recommendations

Info

HEAT AND GAS DIFFUSION IN COMET NUCLEI Walter F. Huebner Southwest Research Institute, USA Johannes Benkhoff 1 Institute for Planetary Research, DLR-Berlin, Germany Maria-Teresa Capria, Angioletta Coradini, Christina De Sanctis, Roberto Orosei Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale, Italy Dina Prialnik Tel Aviv University, Israel August 8, 2006 1 Presently with Research and Scientific Support Department, ESA-ESTEC, The Netherlands
Page 4 and 5: Contents Foreword Preface xv xvii 1
Page 6 and 7: v 9 Spin Effects 151 9.1 Diurnal Ev
Page 8 and 9: List of Figures 1.1 Four comet nucl
Page 10 and 11: ix 6.4 Schematic representation of
Page 12 and 13: xi 10.4 Flux rates of H 2 O, CO 2 ,
Page 14 and 15: List of Tables 1 List of Symbols (s
Page 16 and 17: Foreword Modern comet research focu
Page 18 and 19: Preface The discussions in this boo
Page 20 and 21: xix We consider several different n
Page 22 and 23: xxi Table 1: List of Symbols (see a
Page 24 and 25: xxiii Symbol Meaning Units (SI) α
Page 26 and 27: xxv Table 2: List of Constants Cons
Page 28 and 29: — 1 — Introduction - Observatio
Page 30 and 31: 3 TA004947 Figure 1.1: Four comet n
Page 32 and 33: 5 cloud into the inner Solar System
Page 34 and 35: 7 Therefore, the abundance of volat
Page 36 and 37: — 2 — The Structure of Comet Nu
Page 38 and 39: 2.1. Size and Composition 11 Table
Page 40 and 41: 2.1. Size and Composition 13 Table
Page 42 and 43: 2.2. Some Physical Properties 15 (P
Page 44 and 45: 2.2. Some Physical Properties 17 Ta
Page 46 and 47: 2.3. Comet - Asteroid Transitions 1
Page 48 and 49: 2.4. Laboratory Simulations 21 2.4
Page 50 and 51: 2.4. Laboratory Simulations 23 2.4.
Page 52 and 53:
2.4. Laboratory Simulations 25 wate
Page 54 and 55:
2.4. Laboratory Simulations 27 at o
Page 56 and 57:
2.4. Laboratory Simulations 29 ice,
Page 58 and 59:
— 3 — Physical Processes in Com
Page 60 and 61:
3.2. The Phase Transition of Amorph
Page 62 and 63:
3.3. Gas Diffusion in Pores 35 3.3
Page 64 and 65:
3.3. Gas Diffusion in Pores 37 C BA
Page 66 and 67:
3.3. Gas Diffusion in Pores 39 whic
Page 68 and 69:
3.4. The Coma/Nucleus Boundary Laye
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
Page 74 and 75:
Page 76 and 77:
3.5. Dust Entrainment and Dust Mant
Page 78 and 79:
3.5. Dust Entrainment and Dust Mant
Page 80 and 81:
3.6. Fracturing, Splitting, and Out
Page 82 and 83:
3.6. Fracturing, Splitting, and Out
Page 84 and 85:
— 4 — Basic Equations “As we
Page 86 and 87:
4.2. Energy Balance 59 Summation of
Page 88 and 89:
4.3. Momentum Balance 61 We note th
Page 90 and 91:
4.5. Initial Structure and Paramete
Page 92 and 93:
4.5. Initial Structure and Paramete
Page 94 and 95:
4.6. Flow Regimes and their Transit
Page 96 and 97:
4.7. Dust Flow and Mantling 69 of g
Page 98 and 99:
4.7. Dust Flow and Mantling 71 The
Page 100 and 101:
4.9. Effective Thermal Conductivity
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
— 5 — Analytical Considerations
Page 108 and 109:
5.1. Early Models 81 2850 Enthalpy
Page 110 and 111:
5.1. Early Models 83 Net Flux and S
Page 112 and 113:
5.2. Characteristic Properties of t
Page 114 and 115:
5.3. Characteristic Timescales 87 c
Page 116 and 117:
5.3. Characteristic Timescales 89 f
Page 118 and 119:
5.4. An Analytical Model for Crysta
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
— 6 — Numerical Methods “. .
Page 128 and 129:
6.1. 1-D Difference Schemes 101 We
Page 130 and 131:
6.2. Treatment of Boundary Conditio
Page 132 and 133:
6.2. Treatment of Boundary Conditio
Page 134 and 135:
6.3. From 1-D to Multi-Dimensions 1
Page 136 and 137:
6.4. Simultaneous Solution for Tran
Page 138 and 139:
6.5. Stability Problems 111 where a
Page 140 and 141:
6.5. Stability Problems 113 As the
Page 142 and 143:
— 7 — Comparison of Algorithms
Page 144 and 145:
Table 7.1: Numerical treatment of p
Page 146 and 147:
7.2. Thermal Algorithm: Different F
Page 148 and 149:
7.4. Results of Different Algorithm
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
7.5. Conclusions 131 sublimated gas
Page 160 and 161:
7.5. Conclusions 133 In Model 3a, c
Page 162 and 163:
— 8 — Orbital Effects “Halley
Page 164 and 165:
8.2. Short-Period vs. Long-Period C
Page 166 and 167:
Page 168 and 169:
Page 170 and 171:
Page 172 and 173:
8.3. Changing Orbits 145 Jupiter is
Page 174 and 175:
8.5. Sungrazing Comets 147 stage IV
Page 176 and 177:
8.5. Sungrazing Comets 149 More rec
Page 178 and 179:
— 9 — Spin Effects “The motio
Page 180 and 181:
9.3. Day - Night Temperature Differ
Page 182 and 183:
9.4. Effect of Spin Axis Inclinatio
Page 184 and 185:
Page 186 and 187:
Page 188 and 189:
9.5. Effect of Spin Rate 161 Spin a
Page 190 and 191:
9.5. Effect of Spin Rate 163 Figure
Page 192 and 193:
— 10 — Comparison of Models wit
Page 194 and 195:
10.1. Modeling Guided by Observatio
Page 196 and 197:
Page 198 and 199:
Page 200 and 201:
Page 202 and 203:
Page 204 and 205:
Page 206 and 207:
Page 208 and 209:
10.2. Conclusions Based on Multiple
Page 210 and 211:
10.2. Conclusions Based on Multiple
Page 212 and 213:
10.3. Comet Outbursts 185 et al., 1
Page 214 and 215:
10.3. Comet Outbursts 187 Marcialis
Page 216 and 217:
10.4. Coma Versus Nucleus Abundance
Page 218 and 219:
Page 220 and 221:
Page 222 and 223:
Page 224 and 225:
— 11 — Internal Properties of C
Page 226 and 227:
11.2. Stratification of Composition
Page 228 and 229:
11.3. Dust Mantle Thickness 201 Bec
Page 230 and 231:
11.3. Dust Mantle Thickness 203 whe
Page 232 and 233:
— 12 — Conclusions “. . . Mor
Page 234 and 235:
12.2. Goals of Comet Nucleus Modeli
Page 236 and 237:
12.4. General Behaviour Patterns 20
Page 238 and 239:
12.5. Input Data Required from Obse
Page 240 and 241:
12.5. Input Data Required from Obse
Page 242 and 243:
Appendix A: Orbital Parameters and
Page 244 and 245:
Comet q (AU) e R (a) (km) R (b) (km
Page 246 and 247:
Comet q (AU) e R (a) (km) R (b) (km
Page 248 and 249:
Appendix B: Thermodynamic Propertie
Page 250 and 251:
B.2. Specific Heat 223 Since water
Page 252 and 253:
Glossary Scientific terms used in r
Page 254 and 255:
Bibliography This list collects pap
Page 256 and 257:
229 R., Paubert, G., Evolution of t
Page 258 and 259:
231 Observatory Faint Comet Survey
Page 260 and 261:
233 Eberhardt, P., Krankowsky, D.,
Page 262 and 263:
235 dust, in Comets, (ed. L. L. Wil
Page 264 and 265:
237 Huebner, W. F., Boice, D. C., P
Page 266 and 267:
239 of porous media, Phys. Rev. E 5
Page 268 and 269:
241 U. Keller, H. A. Weaver), Unive
Page 270 and 271:
243 1993. [2.4] Mekler Y., Podolak,
Page 272 and 273:
245 effect of the dust mantle, Icar
Page 274 and 275:
247 Sagdeev, R. Z., Elyasberg, P. E
Page 276 and 277:
249 827, 1997. [2.2] Skorov, Y. V.,
Page 278 and 279:
251 86, 236, 1990. [4.5] Taban, I.
Page 280 and 281:
Subject Index Abundance ratio, 11,
Page 282 and 283:
SUBJECT INDEX 255 Emissivity, 46, 4
Page 284 and 285:
SUBJECT INDEX 257 Planetesimal, 4,
show all

Heat and Gas Diffusion in Comet Nuclei (pdf file 5.5 MB) - ISSI

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?