Sectoral Analysis of Impact of Foreign Aid in Nigeria - Institute for ...

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4 Table 1: Five Year Average Use of Official Development Assistance by Sector in Selected African Countries (%) Area of Uses Nigeria Ghana South Africa Debt Servicing 66.5 7.5 - Health & Population 13.8 14.0 39.5 Program Assistance 0.0 20.7 0.0 Production Sector 0.0 10.3 0.0 Multi-sector 0.0 6.1 7.2 Education 0.0 6.3 9.9 Economic 6.3 19.5 11.4 Infrastructure Other Social Sectors 5.5 14.6 25.7 Others 7.9 1.0 6.3 Source: Computed from World Bank Indicator, 2010 Table 2: Five Year Average IBRD/IDA Disbursement by Sector in Selected African Countries (%) 5 Sector Nigeria Ghana South Africa Public Administration 26.9 36.2 0.6 Health & Social Service 17.3 11.7 0.0 Water & Sanitation 11.6 9.5 0.0 Finance 10.07 0.0 0.0 Education 10.0 5.6 0.0 Energy& Mining 9.4 17.4 99.4 Transportation 6.8 7.2 0.0 Agriculture 5.4 6.7 0.0 Industry & Trade 1.9 0.0 0.0 Others 0.0 5.8 0.0 Source: Computed from World Bank Group, 2010 5 This sectoral allocation may be different if total foreign aid allocations from all sources (bilateral and multilateral) are considered as revealed in appendix 1. However, the message this table is portraying is that skewed foreign aid allocations in different country will have a different impact outcomes.
5 The rest of the proposal is divided into five sections. The introduction above is followed by the objectives of the study in Section two; Section three justifies the importance of foreign aid and the study in the context of Nigeria. Section four reviews the literature on effectiveness of foreign aid, section five deals with econometric techniques proposed to be used to undertake the study, while section six presents the policy implications of the study. 2.0 Objective of the Study The study will analyse the impact of foreign aid on different sectors of Nigerian economy. Specifically, (i) The study will test the causality between foreign aid (bilateral and multilateral) and economic growth in Nigeria. (ii) It will determine the impact of foreign on critical sectors of the economy such as agriculture, manufacturing, education and health. (iii) Make policy recommendation on sectoral foreign aid administration in Nigeria. 3.0 Justification for Foreign Aid and the Study Four decades after Independence in 1960, Nigeria remains a poor country with a per capita income of US$260 in 2000. At the dawn of the Third Millennium, approximately 70% of the population still lived on less than US$1 a day (about 84 million people), an indication of extreme poverty. Real GDP growth has remained sluggish, averaging 3.5% per annum since 2000. It requires an annual GDP growth rate of 7-8% in order to halve the number of people in poverty by 2015, and this translates to an investment rate of more than 30% per annum. In addition, the country faces daunting challenges of re-building a country badly damaged by decades of military misrule and a fragile democracy. There is tremendous pressure on the government to deliver some ‘democracy dividends’. Furthermore, there are the threats of preventable diseases such as malaria, HIV/AIDS, and Tuberculosis (Iyoha, 2005). Nigeria is also a highly indebted country with total external debt exceeding US$32 billion in 2003 6 . The debt service burden remains crushing 7 . Foreign aid in the form of 6 In the 1980s, largely as a result of falling oil export earnings, Nigeria’s external debt rapidly escalated. Her external debt stock amounted to a mere US$985 million in 1977, from there Nigeria became one of the most heavily indebted countries in sub- Saharan Africa, with total external debt peaking at over US$30.0 billion in 1991. In 1993, Nigeria’s per capita external debt amounted to US$300, which was roughly equal to its income per capita. Accompanying the escalating external debt has been a crushing debt-service burden. After peaking at 42 percent in 1986, the actual debt-service ratio (the ratio of actual debt service payments to export earnings) has since fluctuated between 24% and 29%. A direct consequence of the escalating debt and high debt-service
Page 1 and 2: 1 Sectoral Analysis of Impact of Fo
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Page 19 and 20: 19 Levy, V (1987). Anticipated deve
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