June 15, 2011 - Kerala Public Service Commission

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\Ωp-sS- cm-jv-{S]Xn-am¿-
tUm.- cm-tP{µ{]km-Zv-
(1950 P\p-hcn- 26˛1962 sabv- 13)
kz-X{¥-`m-c-X-Øn-s≥d- B-Zy- cm-
{„-]-Xn-bm-b- {io- cm-tP-{µ-{]-km-
Zv- 1884,- Un-kw-_¿- 3\v- P-\n-®p.-
hn-Zym-`ym-k-Øn-\pw- A-Xn-\p-tij-ap-≈-
A-[ym-]-I-hr-Øn-°pwti-jw-
A-t±-lw- \n-b-a-]-T-\-Ønte-°v-
Xn-cn-p.- \n-b-a-Øn¬tUm-Iv-S-td-‰v-
t\-Sn-b- A-t±-lwkzm-X-{¥y-k-a-c-
{]-kv-Ym-\-
Øn¬- k-Po-h- ]-m-fn-bm-bn.-
1911¬- C-¥y-≥ \m-j-W¬- K-Im-
¨-{K-kn¬- tN¿-∂p.- 1917 ¬- N-ºm-c-≥ k-Xy-{K-th-f-bn¬-
Km-‘n-Pn-sb- ]-cn-N-b-s∏-´-Xn-\p-ti-jw- A-t±-lw- ]n-∂o-
Sv- Km-‘n-Pn-bp-sS- D-‰- A-\p-bm-bn-bm-bn.-1934¬- C-¥y-≥
\m-j-W¬- tIm-¨-{K-kv- A-≤y-£-\m-bn- Np-a-X-e-tb-‰p.-
1939¬- t\-Xm-Pn- kp-`m-jv-N-{µ-t_m-kv- cm-Pn-h-®- A-h-kc-Øn¬-
(t_mw-s_- sk-j-≥)- A-t±-lw- ho-≠pw- C-¥y-
≥ \m-j-W¬- tIm-¨-{K-kv- A-≤y-£-\m-bn.- 1942 B-Kkv-‰v-
8\v- C-¥y-≥ \m-j-W¬- tIm-¨-{K-kv- ]m-km-°n-b-
Izn-‰v- C-¥ym- {]-ta-b-tØm-S-\p-_-‘n-®p-≈- k-a-c-ß-fn¬-
]-s-Sp-Ø- A-t±-l-sØ- {_n-´o-jv- K-h-¨-sa-≥dv- A-d-kv-
‰v-sN-øp-I-bpw- _-n-∏q¿- P-bn-en-te-°v- A-b-°p-I-bpw- sNbv-Xp.-
]-fin-‰v- P-h-l¿-em¬- s\-lv-dp-hn-s≥d- t\-Xr-Xz-Øn¬-
1946,- sk-]v-Xw-_¿- 2\v- cq-]o-Ir-X-am-b- C-S-°m-e- K-h-¨-sa-
≥dn¬- A-t±-lw- `-£y,- Ir-jn- a-{¥n-bm-bn.- C-¥y-≥ `-c-W-
L-S-\- \n¿-Ωn-°p-∂-Xn-te-°m-bn- \n¿-Æm-b-I- ]-p-h-ln-®-
A-t±-lw- tIm-¨-kv-‰n-‰yq-h-≥dv- A-kw-ªn-bp-sS- kv-Yn-cm-≤y-
£-\m-bn- 1946 Un-kw-_¿- 11\v- sX-c-s-Sp-°-s∏-´p.- 1947
\-hw-_¿- 17\v- A-∂-sØ- C-¥y-≥ \m-j-W¬- tIm-¨-{Kkv-
A-[y-£- B-Nm-cy- Ir-]m-en-\n- cm-Pn-h-®- H-gn-hn¬- A-t±lw-
ho-≠pw- sF-F-≥kn- A-[y-£-\m-bn.-
1950 P-\p-h-cn- 26\v- kz-X-{¥- dn-∏-ªn-Iv- B-b- `m-c-X-Øns≥d-
{]-Y-a- cm-{„-]-Xn-bm-bn- {io.- cm-tP-{µ-{]-km-Zv- \n-ban-X-\m-bn.-
1962 sa-bv- 13h-sc- cm-{„-]-Xn-bm-bn- Xp-S¿-∂-
(c-≠p-X-h-W-)- A-t±-lw- 1963 s^-{_p-h-cn- 28\v- A-¥-cn-
®p.- cm-{„w- 1962¬- A-t±-l-Øn-\v- `m-c-X-c-Xv-\w- \¬-In-
B-Z-cn-®n-cp-∂p.- {io- cm-tP-{µ-{]-km-Zv- {]-kn-U-‚m-bn-cp-∂-
Im-e-Øm-Wv- B-Zy- G-jy-≥ sK-bnw-kv- (1951)- U¬-lnbn¬--
\S∂Xv.- At±lØn-s≥-d {]ikv-X Ir-Xn-Iƒ-:
Satyagraha at champaran (1922), India divided (1946),
Since Independence (1960).
tUm. k¿t∆∏≈n- cm-[m-Ir-jv-W≥-
(1962 sabv- 13˛1967 sabv- 13)
hn-Zym-`ym-k- hn-N-£-W-\pw- X-
Xz-Nn-¥-I-\p-am-b- tUm.- F-kv- cm-
[m-Ir-jv-W-≥ 1888 sk-]v-Xw-_¿-
5\v- a-{Zm-kn¬- k-ao-]-ap-≈- Xncp-Øm-Wn-bn¬-
P-\n-®p.- {]-K-Xv-
`-a-Xn-bm-b- F-gp-Øp-Im-c-\pw- hn-
Zym-`ym-k- hn-Z-Kv-[-\p-am-b- tUm.-
F-kv- cm-[m-Ir-jv-W-≥ ]m-›m-
Xy- hn-Zym-`ym-kw- C-¥y-bn¬- {]-
N-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\v- k-a-{K- kw-`mh-\-
\¬-In-bn-´p-≠v.- 1931¬- {_n-
´o-jv- k¿-°m¿- A-t±-l-Øn-\v- "-k¿-'- _-lp-a-Xn- \¬-In-
B-Z-cn-®p.- B-{‘m- bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-‰n,- _-\m-d-kv- bq-Wnth-gv-kn-‰n-
F-∂n-h-bp-sS- ssh-kv-Nm-≥k-e-dm-bn-cp-∂- {io.-
cm-[m-Ir-jv-W-\v- kz-X-{¥- C-¥y-bp-sS- B-Zy- D-]-cm-{„-]-
Xn-bm-bn- 1952 ap-X¬- 1962 h-sc- {]-h¿-Øn-®n-cp-∂p.- B-
]-Z-hn-bn¬- F-Xn-cn-√m-sX- sX-c-s-Sp-°-s∏-Sp-∂- B-
Zy-hy-‡n- A-t±-l-am-bn-cp-∂p.- 1962 sa-bv- 13\v- C-¥y-bpwc-≠m-a-sØ-
cm-{„-]-Xn-bm-bn- F-Xn-cn-√m-sX- sX-c-s-
Sp-°-s∏-´- A-t±-lw- 1967 sa-bv- 13 h-sc- B- ]-Z-hn-bn¬kv-Xp-Xy¿-l-amw-hn-[w-
{]-h¿-Øn-®p.- A-t±-l-Øn-s‚- Ime-L-´-Øn-em-Wv-
C-¥y-bn¬- B-Zy-am-bn- tZ-io-b- A-Sn-b-
¥n-cm-h-ÿ- {]-Jym-]n-®-Xv.- 1954¬- cm-{„w- A-t±-l-Øn-
\v- `m-c-X-c-Xv-\w- \¬-In- B-Z-cn-®n-cp-∂p.- 1975¬- A-t±-l-
Øn-\v- T-emp-l-e-ton- ]p-c-kv-Im-cw- e-`n-®p.- A-tX-h¿-jw-
B¿- {]Zo-]v-Ip-am¿-
G-{]n¬- 17\v- A-t±-lw- A-¥-cn-®p.- kz-X-{¥- `m-c-X-Øn-s≥dhn-Zym-`ym-k-
ta-J-e- k-a-{K- kw-`m-h-\-Iƒ- sN-bv-X- A-t±l-Øn-s≥d-
P-∑-Zn-\-am-b- sk-]v-Xw-_¿- 5 tZ-io-b- A-≤ym-
]-I-Zn-\-am-bn- B-N-cn-°p-∂p.- A-t±-l-Øn-s≥d- {]-[m-\- Ir-
X-n-Iƒ-: Relegion and Society, The Hindu view of Life, An
Idealist view of life, Indian Philosophy.
tUm.- k°o¿- lp-ssk≥-
(1967 sabv- 13 ˛ 1969 sabv 3)-
1897 s^-{_p-h-cn- 8\v- ssl-Z-cm-_m-
Zn¬- P-\n-®- tUm.- k-°o¿- lpssk-s≥d-
D-∂-X- hn-Zym-`ym-kw-
Bw-t•m-˛-ap-l-Ω-Z-≥ Hm-dn-b-≥d¬tIm-tf-Pn¬-
(C-∂-sØ- A-en-K-Uvap-…ow-
bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-‰n-)- B-bn-cp-
∂p.- hn-Zym¿-∞n- B-bn-cn-s°- X-
s∂- A-t±-l-Øn-s≥d- hn-Pv-Rm-\-
Zm-l-hpw,- {]m-kw-Kn-I-≥ F-∂- co-
Xn-bn-ep-≈- an-I-hpw- X-t∂m-sSm-∏w-
]-Tn-®n-cp-∂- Z-cn-{Z-cm-b- hn-Zym¿-∞n-
I-tfm-Sp-≈- A-\p-I-º-bpw- k-l-]m-Tn-I-fp-sS-bpw- A-≤ym-
]-I-cp-sS-bpw- {]-iw-k-bpw- {i-≤-bpw- t\-Sn-bn-cp-∂p.- A-t±lw-
X-s≥d- 23˛mw- h-b- n¬- Fw- F- hn-Zym¿-∞n- B-bn-cns°-
X-t∂m-sSm-∏w- ]-Tn-®n-cp-∂- hn-Zym¿-∞n-I-fp-sS-bpw- ]-
Tn-∏n-®n-cp-∂- A-≤ym-]-I-cp-sS-bpw- t{]-c-W-bm-epw- k-lmb-Øm-epw-
H-cp- tZ-io-b- ap-…ow- k¿-∆-I-em-im-e- F-∂- B-
i-b-Øn-\v- cq-]w- \¬-In.- C-Xm-Wv- Pm-an-b- an-en-b- C-…m-anb-
k¿-∆-I-em-im-e-bp-sS- ]n-d-hn-°v- Im-c-W-am-b-Xv.- 1920¬-
Xp-S¿- hn-Zym-`ym-k-Øn-\m-bn- P¿-Ω-\n-bn-te-°p-t]m-b- A-
t±-l-Øn-\v- km-º-Øn-I- im-kv-{X-Øn¬- _¿-en-≥ bq-Wnth-gv-kn-‰n-bn¬-\n-∂pw-
tUm-Iv-S-td-‰v- e-`n-®p.- 1963¬- cm-{„-w-
At±lØn-\v-- `m-c-X-c-Xv-\w -\¬-In- BZcn-®p.- 1957 ap-X¬-
1962 h-sc- _o-lm¿- K-h¿-Æ-dm-bn-cp-∂- tUm.- k-°o¿- lpssk-≥
1967 sa-bv- 1 \v- `m-c-X-Øn-s≥d- aq-∂m-a-sØ- cm-{„-
]-Xn-bm-bn.- ap-…ow- k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-e- \n-∂pw- C-¥y-≥ {]-kn-
U-‚- ]-Z-hn-bn-te-°v- F-Øp-∂- B-Zy-hy-‡n-bm-bn-cp-∂p.-
1969 sa-bv- 3\v- A-¥-cn-®p.- cm-{„-]-Xn- B-bn-cn-s°- A-¥-cn-
®- B-Zy- hy-‡n-bm-Wv- tUm.- k-°o¿- lp-ssk≥.-
hcm-lKn-cn- sh´Kn-cn- (hn.-hn.-Kn-cn-)-
(1969 sabv- 3˛1969 Pq-sse 20 (BŒn-Mv),-
(1969 BKkv-‰v- 24˛1974 BKkv-‰v- 24)-
1894 B-K-kv-‰v- 10\v- a{Zm-kv- {]Pmcm-Py-Øn-se
KRv-Pw- Pn-√bn¬- P-
\n-®- {io.- hn.-hn.- Kn-cn- sNdp-∏Imew
ap-X¬-Xs∂ sXm-gn-em-fn-
{]ÿm-\ßfn¬- kPo-ham-bn-cp-
∂p.- 1921¬- A`n-`m-jIhr-Øn-
Dt]£n-® At±lw- sXm-gn-em-fn-
{]ÿm-\ßfn¬ ap-gp-In.- 1922¬-
_n- F≥- sdbn¬-sh sa≥-kv- bq-
Wn-b≥- F∂ sXm-gn-em-fn- kw-
LS\ cq-]o-Icn-®p- AtXm-sSm-∏w-
Xs∂ sdbn¬-sh sa≥-kv- s^Utdjs‚ cq-]o-IcWØn-
¬- ap-Jy-]p-hln-®p.- 1969 sa-bv- 3\v- A-∂-sØ- cm-{„-]-
Xn- tUm.- k-°o¿-lp-ssk-≥ A-¥-cn-®-t∏mƒ- kz-X-{¥- `mc-X-Øn-s≥d-
B-Zy- B-Iv-Snw-Kv- {]-kn-U-≥dm-b- A-t±-lw-
1969 Pq-sse- 20 h-sc- B- ]-Z-hn-bn¬- Xp-S¿-∂p.- ]n-∂o-Sv-
1969¬- \-S-∂- cm-{„-]-Xn- sX-c-s-Sp-∏n¬- hn-P-bn®-tXmsS
C-¥ym- N-cn-{X-Øn¬- B-Zy-am-bn- H-cp- kz-X-{¥- kv-Ym-
\m¿-∞n-bm-bn- a-’-cn-®v- cm-{„-]-Xn- B-hp-I- F-∂- _-lpa-Xn-°pw-
A¿-l-\m-bn.- 24˛-8˛-69¬- c-≠m-a-Xv- X-h-W- cm-{„-
]-Xn-bm-b- {io.- hn.-hn.- Kn-cn- 24˛-8˛-74 h-sc- B- ]-Z-hn-bn¬-
Xp-S¿-∂p.- cm-{„w- 1975¬- A-t±-l-Øn-\v- `m-c-X-c-X-\w- \¬-
In- B-Z-cn-®p.- A-t±-lw- 1980¬- A-¥-cn-®p.- {io.- hn.-hn.- Kncn-
tI-c-f,- ssa-kq¿- (old) DØ¿-{]-tZ-iv- kw-kv-Ym-\-ß-fpsS-
K-h¿-Æ-dm-bpw- {]-h¿-Øn-®n-´p-≠-v.-
tUm-.- Fw- ln-Zm-bØp-≈
(1969 Pq-sse 20 ˛ 1969 BKkv-‰v- 24 ˛ BŒn-Mv)-
tUm.- Fw- ln-Zm-bØp-≈ 1905
Un-kw-_¿- 17\v- alm-cm-{„bn¬-
P\n-®p.- \n-ba_n-cp-Zw- t\Snbtijw-
1930 A`n-`m-jI\m-bn-
F-≥tdmƒ-sN-bv-Xp.- 1943 B-K-kv-
‰v- 2\v- a-≤y-{]-tZ-in¬- A-Uz-t°-‰v-
P-\-d-em-b- A-t±-lw- B- ]-Z-hn-bnte-bv-°v-
sX-c-s-Sp-°-s∏-Sp-∂-
G-‰-hpw- {]m-bw-Ip-d-- hy-‡n- F-
∂- _-lp-a-Xn-°pw- A¿-l-\m-bn.-
1946¬- \m-Kv-]q¿- ssl-t°m-S-Xn- P-
Uv-Pn-bm-b- {io- ln-Zm-b-Øp-≈-
1954¬- No-^v- P-kv-‰n-km-bn.- \n-b-a-]m-fin-Xy-hpw- hy-h-lmc-߃-
Xo¿-∏m-°p-∂-Xn-ep-≈- I-gn-hp-I-fpw- A-t±-l-sØ-
1958 kp-{]ow-tIm-S-Xn- P-Uv-Pn-bm-bn- D-b¿-Øn.- 1968 s^-
{_p-h-cn- 28\v- kp-{]ow-tIm-S-Xn- No-^v- P-kv-‰n-km-b- {io.-
Fw- ln-Zm-b-Øp-≈- B- ]-Z-hn-bn-se-Øp-∂- B-Zy- ap-…owk-ap-Zm-bmw-K-am-bn-cp-∂p.-
1969 sa-bv- 3\v- tUm.- k-°o¿-
lp-ssk-s≥d- B-I-kv-an-I- \n-cym-W-sØ- Xp-S¿-∂v- {io.-
hn.-hn.- Kn-cn- B-Iv-Snw-Kv- {]-kn-U-≥dm-bn- Np-a-X-e-tb-s‰-nepw-
{]-kn-U-≥dv- Xn-c-s-Sp-∏n¬- a-’-cn-°p-∂-Xn-te-°mbn-
Pq-sse- 20\v- kv-Ym-\-sam-gn-p.- B-Œn-Mv- {]-kn-U-‚mbn-
1969 Pq-sse- 20\v- Np-a-X-e-tb-‰- {io.- ln-Zm-b-Øp-≈-
]n-∂o-Sv- {io.- hn.-hn.- Kn-cn- {]-kn-U-≥dm-bn- Np-a-X-e-tb¬-
°p-∂- 1969 B-K-kv-‰v- 24 h-sc- B- ]-Z-hn-bn¬- {]-h¿-Øn-
®p.- 1979 ap-X¬- 1984 h-sc- C-¥y-bp-sS- D-]-cm-{„-]-Xn-bmbn-cp-∂-
tUm.- ln-Zm-b-Øp-≈- \n-b-a-]-fin-X-s\-∂pw- `-c-
W-I¿-Ø-m-sh∂ co-Xn-bn-epw- tim-`n-®p.-
tUm.- ^{Ip-Zo≥- Aen- AlΩZv-
(1974 BKkv-‰v- 24˛1977 s^{_p-hcn- 11)-
1905 sabv- 13\v- U¬-ln-bn¬- P\n-
® {io- ^-{Ip-Zo-≥ A-en- A-l-Ω-Zv-
X-s≥d- D-∂-X- hn-Zym-`ym-kw- tIw-
{_n-Uv-Pn¬- sk-≥dv- kv-‰o-^-≥kvtIm-tf-Pn-epw-
sk-≥dv- Im-X-do-≥
tIm-tf-Pn-epw- B-bn- ]q¿-Øn-bm-°n.-
1925¬- ]-fin-‰v- P-h-l¿-em¬- s\-
lv-dp-hn-s\- Cw-•-≠n¬-h-®v- ]-cn-N-bs∏-´-Xn-\p-ti-jw-
A-t±-lw- C-¥y-
≥ \m-j-W¬- tIm-¨-{K-kn-s≥d- k-
Po-h- {]-h¿-Ø-I-\m-bn.- kzm-X-{¥ym-
\-¥-cw- A-t±-lw- cm-Py-k-`-bn-te-°v- \m-a-\n¿-t±-iw- sN-øs∏-´p.-
(1952˛-1953).- B-km-an¬-\n-∂pw- tIm-¨-{K-kv- Sn-°-
‰n¬- c-≠p-X-h-W- \n-b-a-k-`mw-K-am-b- {io- ^-{Ip-Zo-≥ A-en-
A-l-Ω-Zv- 1971¬- tem-Iv-k-`-bn-te-°v- sX-c-s-Sp-°-s∏-´p.-
A-°m-e-b-f-hn¬- tI-{µ-a-{¥n-bm-b- A-t±-lw- `-£yw,- Irjn,-
k-l-I-c-Ww,- hn-Zym-`ym-kw,- hym-h-km-bn-I- hn-I-k-\w-
F-∂o- kp-{]-[m-\- h-Ip-∏p-Iƒ- ssI-Im-cyw-sN-bv-Xp.- 1974¬cm-{„-]-Xn-bm-bn-
sX-c-s-Sp-°-s∏-´- A-t±-lw- 1974 B-Kkv-‰v-
24\v- Np-a-X-e-tb-‰p.- 1975¬- cm-Py-Øv- B-Zy-am-bn- B-`y-
¥-c- A-Sn-b-¥-cm-h-kv-Y-bp-sS- D-Ø-c-hn¬- H-∏p-h-®-Xv- A-t±l-am-Wv.-
1977 s^-{_p-h-cn- 11\v- cm-jv-{S]Xn- Bbn-cn-s°-
A-¥-cn-®p.-
_m-k∏ ZÆ∏ P´n- (_n.-Un.- P´n-)
(1977 s^{_p-hcn- 11 ˛ 1977 Pq-sse 25 ˛ BŒn-Mv)-
1912 sk]v-‰w-_¿- 10\v- P\n-® {io.-
_n.-Un.- P-´n- Xn-I-- ar-Zp-`m-jnbpw-
"-"-_m-k-h-'-'- k-tµ-i-ß-fp-sS-
{]-Nm-c-I-\p-am-bn-cp-∂p.- ]n¬-°me-Øv-
t_mw-s_-tbm-sSm-∏w- tN¿-
Ø- Pm-am-J-fin- kv-t‰-‰n-se- ap-
\n-kn-∏¬- Iu-¨-kn-e-dm-bn- cm-
{„o-b- Po-hn-Xw- B-cw-`n-®- P-´n- \nb-a-k-`mw-Kw,-
ap-Jy-a-{¥n- F-∂o-
\n-e-I-fn-epw- {]h¿-Øn-®p.- 1968¬t]m-≠nt®cnbp-sS
e^v.- Kh¿-
Ædm-bn-.- 1973¬ Hdo- m- Kh¿-Ædm-bn- Np-aXetb‰p.-
1974¬- C¥y-bp-sS A©m-asØ D]cm-{„]Xn-bm-b _n.-
Un.- P´n- 1980 hsc B ]Zhn-bn¬- Xp-S¿-∂p.- Cu- Im-
12 ]nFkvkn _p≈¡n≥ 2011 Pq¨- 15