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Text 4. London London is the capital of England and the United Kingdom. A major settlement for two millennia, its history goes back to its founding by the Romans, who called it Londinium. London's core, the ancient City of London, the 'square mile', retains its mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the nineteenth century, the name "London" has also referred to the metropolis developed around it. Today, the bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, with its own elected mayor and assembly. London is a major global city and one of the world's largest financial centres. Central London is home to the headquarters of most of the UK's top 100 listed companies and more than 100 of Europe's 500 largest. London's influence in politics, finance, education, entertainment, media, fashion, the arts and culture in general contributes to its global position. It is a major tourist destination for both domestic and overseas visitors. London hosted the 1908 and 1948 Summer Olympics and will host the 2012 Summer Olympics. London contains four World Heritage Sites: the Tower of London; the historic settlement of Greenwich; the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; and the site comprising the Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey and St. Margaret's Church. London has a diverse range of peoples, cultures, and religions, and more than 300 languages are spoken within its boundaries. In July 2007 it had an official population of 7,556,900 within the boundaries of Greater London, making it the most populous municipality in the European Union. The Greater London Urban Area (the second largest in the EU) has a population of 8,278,251, while the metropolitan area (the 2nd largest in the EU) has an estimated total population of between 12 million and 14 million. The London Underground network, administered by Transport for London, is the most extensive underground railway network in the world, London Heathrow Airport is the world's busiest airport by number of international passengers and the airspace is the busiest of any urban centre in the world. London's vast urban area is often described using a set of district names, such as Bloomsbury, Mayfair, Wembley and Whitechapel. These are either informal designations, reflect the names of villages that have been absorbed by sprawl, or are superseded administrative units such as parishes or former boroughs. Such names have remained in use through tradition, each referring to a local area with its own distinctive character, but without current official boundaries. Since 1965 Greater London has been divided 22
into 32 London boroughs in addition to the ancient City of London. The City of London is the main financial district and Canary Wharf has recently developed into a new financial and commercial hub, in the Docklands to the east. The West End is London's main entertainment and shopping district, attracting tourists. West London includes expensive residential areas where properties can sell for tens of millions of pounds. The average price for properties in Kensington and Chelsea is £894,000 with similar average outlay in most of Central London. The East End is the area closest to the original Port of London, known for its high immigrant population, as well as for being one of the poorest areas in London. The surrounding East London area saw much of London's early industrial development; now, brownfield sites throughout the area are being redeveloped as part of the Thames Gateway including the London Riverside and Lower Lea Valley, which is being developed into the Olympic Park for the 2012 Olympics. Exercises I. Answer the questions on the text: 1. Why is London one of the largest financial centers of the world? 2. How many districts are in London? 3. What is the City famous for? 4. What famous places of interest are situated in London? 5. What is the West End famous for? 6. What is the population of London? 7. What is the busiest airport in London? II. Give Russian equivalents of the following expressions: a major settlement, go back, early industrial development, ancient, retains, including, mediaeval boundaries, closest to, throughout the area, divide into, designations, the bulk, the average price for properties, to host, an estimated total population, a new financial and commercial hub, main entertainment and shopping district, the world's busiest airport, to attract tourists. 23
Page 1: Н.А. Зелинская ENGLISH-S
Page 4 and 5: УДК 811.111 (07) ББК 81.432.1
Page 6 and 7: Введение Учебно-ме
Page 8 and 9: Government and politics The United
Page 10 and 11: Exercises I. Answer the questions o
Page 12 and 13: 5. The United Kingdom is a constitu
Page 14 and 15: The Great Depression broke out at a
Page 16 and 17: England (after 1707, Britain) rise
Page 18 and 19: Britain's position on the world sta
Page 20 and 21: 15. The growth of trade between the
Page 26 and 27: III. Write in English a summary of
Page 28 and 29: 16. What would you say _____ making
Page 30 and 31: space known as Tower Hill. It is th
Page 32 and 33: 8. Houses of Parliament, but the cl
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Page 38 and 39: parliament. These institutions were
Page 40 and 41: increase in childcare facilities, t
Page 42 and 43: Text 8. Universities in the UK Univ
Page 44 and 45: Text 9. А food revolution What com
Page 46 and 47: taken Farmers Pride had potatoes fr
Page 50 and 51: prevented a permanent split of the
Page 52 and 53: 5. The U.S. economy is the largest
Page 54 and 55: Text 2. Native Americans and Europe
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Page 60 and 61: Text 4. Government and elections Th
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Page 64 and 65: Memorial. The National Archives hou
Page 66 and 67: 2. The City of Washington was origi
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Page 72 and 73: UNIT 3. LIVING IN CANADA Text 1. Ca
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III. Complete the text with the wor
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still allowing easy transportation
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V. Give Russian equivalents of the
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Each Member of Parliament in the Ho
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IV. Write an essay on ‘Political
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III. IV. Find out Passive Voice con
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Exercises I. Answer the questions o
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Text 6. Sport Canada's official nat
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(1887), the University of Ottawa (1
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UNIT 4. LIVING IN AUSTRALIA Text 1.
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Text 2. History of Australia Human
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Text 3. Politics The Commonwealth o
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Ballet and various state dance comp
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triangles, and was centred around a
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II. Give Russian equivalents of the
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Text 7. Sydney Sydney is the larges
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setting include Finding Nemo, Stric
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12. Do you like your new flat? Yes,
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as Te Ika a Māui (the fish of Māu
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Text 2. History of New Zealand New
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constitution has been described as
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Text 3. Geography of New Zealand Ne
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The current government's economic o
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Zealand Warriors compete in the Aus
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Wellington was named after Arthur W
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Music and arts The Auckland Festiva
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7. Madame Tussaud’s is __________
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21. St. Patrick is the patron of __
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34. The US flag is called _________
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48. The National flag of Canada is
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