TABLE OF CONTENTS - Van Bael & Bellis
TABLE OF CONTENTS - Van Bael & Bellis
TABLE OF CONTENTS - Van Bael & Bellis
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(10) UK Agricultural Tractor Registration Exchange<br />
§4.5. Trade associations, trade fairs and exhibitions, exchanges and auctions<br />
(1) Trade associations<br />
(2) Trade fairs and exhibitions<br />
(3) Exchanges<br />
(4) Auctions<br />
STATE COMPULSION AS A DEFENCE FOR CARTEL ACTIVITY<br />
EXEMPTION <strong>OF</strong> CARTELS IN CRISIS SITUATIONS<br />
§4.6. Introduction<br />
§4.7. Assessment of crisis cartels<br />
(1) Sectoral restructuring agreements<br />
(2) Bilateral restructuring agreements<br />
5. HORIZONTAL AGREEMENTS: JOINT VENTURES AND OTHER<br />
COOPERATION AGREEMENTS<br />
INTRODUCTION<br />
§5.1. Overview<br />
DEFINITION <strong>OF</strong> HORIZONTAL COOPERATION AGREEMENTS AND THE SCOPE <strong>OF</strong><br />
THIS CHAPTER<br />
§5.2. Scope of the Horizontal Guidelines<br />
§5.3. Definition of ‘horizontal’ cooperation agreements<br />
§5.4. The standard of legality: Article 81 or the Merger Regulation<br />
GENERAL OVERVIEW <strong>OF</strong> THE APPLICATION <strong>OF</strong> ARTICLE 81 AND THE<br />
HORIZONTAL GUIDELINES TO JOINT VENTURES AND OTHER HORIZONTAL<br />
COOPERATION AGREEMENTS<br />
§5.5. Overview<br />
§5.6. Application of Article 81(1) to joint ventures and other horizontal cooperation<br />
agreements<br />
(1) Appreciable restriction of competition<br />
(2) Likely to affect trade between the Member States<br />
§5.7. Exemption: application of Article 81(3) to horizontal cooperation agreements<br />
(1) Economic benefits<br />
(2) Fair share for consumers<br />
(3) Indispensability<br />
(4) No elimination of competition<br />
INTRODUCTION TO THE REMAINDER <strong>OF</strong> THIS CHAPTER<br />
§5.8. Scope<br />
§5.9. Locating the applicable section of this chapter<br />
§5.10. Centre of gravity test<br />
§5.11. Rules applicable to strategic alliances<br />
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENTS<br />
§5.12. Introduction<br />
§5.13. Article 81(1)<br />
(1) Agreements that generally do not constitute a restriction or distortion of<br />
competition under Article 81(1)<br />
(2) Agreements that almost always constitute a restriction or distortion of<br />
competition under Article 81(1)<br />
(3) Factors used to determine whether R&D agreements constitute a restriction<br />
or distortion of competition under Article 81(1)
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