ATP-Funded Green Process Technologies - NIST Advanced ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Glass transition High Z Ilmenite Isomers Lactide L-isomer Low Z Melting point Meso- Monomer NFC NMR NRT NSF Oligomer PET PLA Polymer Polymerization Temperatures at which the degree of chain motion is substantially reduced High atomic number elements Oxide of iron and titanium and a major titanium ore Molecules with the same chemical formula and often with the same kinds of bonds between atoms, but in which the atoms are arranged differently Anhydrous form of lactic acid, cyclic dymer Form or isomer of a chiral molecule Low atomic number elements Temperature at which crystalline regions of thermoplastic polymer melt Middle or intermediate chemical term that denotes one particular isomer Small molecule that may become chemically bonded to other monomers to form a polymer Nonferrous concentrate Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy National Recovery <strong>Technologies</strong> National Science Foundation Polymer or polymer intermediate containing relatively few structural units Polyethylene terephthalate; petroleum-based thermoplastic resin for beverage, food, and liquid containers. Impermeable polymer for bottling carbonated and acidic drinks Polylactide; biodegradable, thermoplastic resin derived from lactic acid. Due to chirality of lactic acid, there are several forms or isomers of PLA, including L-, D-, and LD-forms. PLA is usually amorphous but can be crystallized by varying isomer content and nucleating agent. Long molecules or chains consisting of repeating units or monomers strung together through chemical bonds. Many polymers are partially crystalline and partially amorphous in molecular structure, giving them both a melting point and a glass transition temperature. Chemical reaction of monomer molecules to form linear chains or three-dimensional polymer chains xviii <strong>ATP</strong>-FUNDED GREEN PROCESS TECHNOLOGIES
Post-industrial scrap Post-consumer scrap PP PS Resin Ring opening Rulite Singulator Superalloy Thermoplastic Trommel UV XRF Produced during the fabrication of metals and articles Retired consumer goods, including automobiles Polypropylene; petroleum-based thermoplastic polymer with applications including food packaging and textiles Polystyrene; petroleum-based thermoplastic polymer for “expanded” or foamed PS—a mixture of PS with over 90 percent air—for cups and food containers Raw material form of a polymer, usually pellets that melt to viscous liquids, capable of hardening Polymerization reaction in which the rings of cyclic polymerization monomers are opened, allowing them to be joined together linearly. For PLA, the polymer chain end (in the presence of an appropriate catalyst) “attacks” an ester linkage in the lactide molecule, opening the ring and extending the polymer chain length by two lactic acid residues. Metallic concentrate for primary titanium refining Device for sequencing single pieces of metal on a conveyor Complex metallic material engineered for very hightemperature applications. Often polycrystalline structure Polymers containing linear polymer chains with covalent bonding within the chains, while chains are joined through weak dispersion forces. Thermoplastic polymers soften when heated and harden when cooled, and are able to go through many melt/freeze cycles without chemical change. Device for screening and sizing metal pieces Ultraviolet radiation X-ray fluorescence Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Definitions xix
Page 1 and 2: GCR 06-897 ATP-Funded Green Process
Page 3: NIST GCR 06-897 ATP-Funded Green Pr
Page 6 and 7: The ATP-funded Renewable-Resource B
Page 9 and 10: Executive Summary Green process tec
Page 11 and 12: Case Study: Renewable-Resource-Base
Page 13 and 14: feedstock and in agricultural crops
Page 15 and 16: Contents Abstract . . . . . . . . .
Page 17 and 18: 5. Mini-studies of ATP-Funded Green
Page 19: Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Defini
Page 24 and 25: technologies on project participant
Page 26 and 27: Commercial-scale sorting of titaniu
Page 29 and 30: 2. Analytical Framework and Methodo
Page 31 and 32: Figure 1: Flow of Benefits from ATP
Page 33 and 34: eturns that is attributable to ATP
Page 35 and 36: if it proves difficult to identify,
Page 37 and 38: METRIC FOR GAUGING THE SPILLOVER GA
Page 39 and 40: 3. Case Study: Renewable-Resource-
Page 41 and 42: pointed to a need for enabling rese
Page 43 and 44: Figure 3: Manufacturing Lactic Acid
Page 45 and 46: Subsequent research efforts were di
Page 47 and 48: Pathways to Market As indicated in
Page 49 and 50: “Wal-Mart is going green. The ret
Page 51 and 52: Table 1: Projected PLA Resin Sales
Page 53 and 54: Table 2: Fossil Energy Budgets for
Page 55 and 56: To illustrate the estimation of ene
Page 57 and 58: of avoided CO 2 emissions per pound
Page 59 and 60: ATP and Industry Partner Investment
Page 61 and 62: The net present value of the ATP in
Page 63 and 64: The net present value of the ATP in
Page 65 and 66: Table 10: Reduced Petroleum Use—P
Page 67 and 68: 4. Case Study: High-Speed Identific
Page 69 and 70: In addition, an active advisory boa
Page 71 and 72:
Figure 6: Proposed Two-Stage Approa
Page 73 and 74:
Technical Accomplishments In 2003,
Page 75 and 76:
Titanium Alloy Sorting Titanium scr
Page 77 and 78:
U.S. annual consumption in 2005 was
Page 79 and 80:
Table 11: Approximate U.S. Titanium
Page 81 and 82:
The primary application, however, r
Page 83 and 84:
Table 12: Approximate U.S. Superall
Page 85 and 86:
Figure 13: Aluminum Production Scra
Page 87 and 88:
• Intermediate-size pieces of les
Page 89 and 90:
Table 14: Avoided CO 2 Generation f
Page 91 and 92:
To properly attribute well-timed an
Page 93 and 94:
Given that 2005 cash flows represen
Page 95 and 96:
OTHER BENEFITS The ATP-funded alloy
Page 97 and 98:
5. Mini-studies of ATP-Funded Green
Page 99 and 100:
MOLECULAR GATES TECHNOLOGY FOR THE
Page 101 and 102:
Both water disinfection and lead ab
Page 103 and 104:
6. Green Technologies that Promote
Page 105 and 106:
proposition was borne out in the tw
Page 107 and 108:
ATP has funded a broad spectrum of
Page 109 and 110:
7. Conclusions ATP provided early a
Page 111:
which mini-studies have been comple
Page 114 and 115:
BioCycle. 1999. “Food Residuals C
Page 116 and 117:
Langston, L. 2006. “Crown Jewels:
Page 118 and 119:
Vink, E., K. Rabago, D. Glassner, a
show all

ATP-Funded Green Process Technologies - NIST Advanced ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?