ATP-Funded Green Process Technologies - NIST Advanced ...

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A large spillover gap indicates the innovating firm’s inability to appropriate most technology benefits to itself in the form of additional profits and could lead to private sector underinvestment and associated loss of benefits to downstream firms, end-user customers, the economy, and society at large. ATP compensates for the spillover gap by partially funding the development of high-risk, innovative technologies that private firms are unable to fund due to R&D technical risks and appropriability risk. * * * * * Performance metrics for public and social returns are computed on the basis of benefit cash flow estimates from two case study projects. Future economic studies may document and estimate additional benefit cash flows from other ATP-funded green technology projects. 16 ATP-FUNDED GREEN PROCESS TECHNOLOGIES
3. Case Study: Renewable-Resource- Based Plastics Manufacturing Cargill, Inc. of Minnetonka, Minnesota and its wholly owned subsidiary NatureWorks developed an innovative process technology that some have called a trailblazing effort for the industrial-scale production of polylactic acid (PLA) from U.S.-grown corn. In 1994 Cargill received an ATP award to develop the fundamental methodology for controlling PLA crystallinity and utilized that knowledge to develop processing technologies to achieve the resin properties required for a variety of polymer products. Making PLA from a renewable and plentiful domestic resource like corn opens the possibility of reducing the nation’s dependence on imported petroleum feedstock for polymer manufacturing. This leads to public benefits, including the following: • Significant energy savings in polymer manufacturing • Reduced reliance on imported petroleum, increased feedstock security and cost stability • Avoided landfilling of post-consumer polymer wastes • Reduced greenhouse gas emissions These benefits from the ATP-funded technology have led to manufacturing cost savings for downstream industries and for society more broadly, as savings are passed on to U.S. consumers of polymer products. Quantifiable economic benefits (realized and projected) to U.S. industry and end users are estimated to range from $11 to over $23 for every dollar of ATP investment. Case Study: Renewable-Resource-Based Plastics Manufacturing 17
Page 1 and 2: GCR 06-897 ATP-Funded Green Process
Page 3: NIST GCR 06-897 ATP-Funded Green Pr
Page 6 and 7: The ATP-funded Renewable-Resource B
Page 9 and 10: Executive Summary Green process tec
Page 11 and 12: Case Study: Renewable-Resource-Base
Page 13 and 14: feedstock and in agricultural crops
Page 15 and 16: Contents Abstract . . . . . . . . .
Page 17 and 18: 5. Mini-studies of ATP-Funded Green
Page 19 and 20: Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Defini
Page 21: Post-industrial scrap Post-consumer
Page 24 and 25: technologies on project participant
Page 26 and 27: Commercial-scale sorting of titaniu
Page 29 and 30: 2. Analytical Framework and Methodo
Page 31 and 32: Figure 1: Flow of Benefits from ATP
Page 33 and 34: eturns that is attributable to ATP
Page 35 and 36: if it proves difficult to identify,
Page 37: METRIC FOR GAUGING THE SPILLOVER GA
Page 41 and 42: pointed to a need for enabling rese
Page 43 and 44: Figure 3: Manufacturing Lactic Acid
Page 45 and 46: Subsequent research efforts were di
Page 47 and 48: Pathways to Market As indicated in
Page 49 and 50: “Wal-Mart is going green. The ret
Page 51 and 52: Table 1: Projected PLA Resin Sales
Page 53 and 54: Table 2: Fossil Energy Budgets for
Page 55 and 56: To illustrate the estimation of ene
Page 57 and 58: of avoided CO 2 emissions per pound
Page 59 and 60: ATP and Industry Partner Investment
Page 61 and 62: The net present value of the ATP in
Page 63 and 64: The net present value of the ATP in
Page 65 and 66: Table 10: Reduced Petroleum Use—P
Page 67 and 68: 4. Case Study: High-Speed Identific
Page 69 and 70: In addition, an active advisory boa
Page 71 and 72: Figure 6: Proposed Two-Stage Approa
Page 73 and 74: Technical Accomplishments In 2003,
Page 75 and 76: Titanium Alloy Sorting Titanium scr
Page 77 and 78: U.S. annual consumption in 2005 was
Page 79 and 80: Table 11: Approximate U.S. Titanium
Page 81 and 82: The primary application, however, r
Page 83 and 84: Table 12: Approximate U.S. Superall
Page 85 and 86: Figure 13: Aluminum Production Scra
Page 87 and 88: • Intermediate-size pieces of les
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Table 14: Avoided CO 2 Generation f
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To properly attribute well-timed an
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Given that 2005 cash flows represen
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OTHER BENEFITS The ATP-funded alloy
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5. Mini-studies of ATP-Funded Green
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MOLECULAR GATES TECHNOLOGY FOR THE
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Both water disinfection and lead ab
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6. Green Technologies that Promote
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proposition was borne out in the tw
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ATP has funded a broad spectrum of
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7. Conclusions ATP provided early a
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which mini-studies have been comple
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BioCycle. 1999. “Food Residuals C
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Langston, L. 2006. “Crown Jewels:
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Vink, E., K. Rabago, D. Glassner, a
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