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Table A11c. Other crops Crop name Scientific name Disease Scientific name % Loss * Coriander Coriandum sativum Root rots Pythium coloratum and P. spinosum Fusarium sp. 0-60% 0-15% Soft rot Erwinia carotovora 0- 25% Mosaic Apium virus Y 0-40% Alfalfa mosaic virus 0-40% Unknown Rhabdovirus 0-40% Perilla (Shiso) Perilla Root rots Rhizoctonia sp. 0-25% (red, green) frutescens var. Pythium sp. 0-25% japonica Fusarium sp. 0-25% Parsley (Italian & Curly) Thai basil English spinach Snake bean Kang kong Petroselinum crispum Bai horapa Spinacia oleracea Vigna unguiculata spp. sesquipedalis Ipomoea aquatica Sclerotinia Sclerotinia sp. 0-15% Leaf blight Alternaria petroselini 0-40% Leaf spot Septoria petroselini 0-100% Root Rots Phytophthora sp. 0-80% Pythium spinosum and P. ultimum 0-80% Fusarium sp. 0-80% Collar rot Rhizoctonia solani 0-40% Leaf spot Colletoctricum sp. 0-30% Leaf spot Pseudomonas syringae 0-60% Mosaic Apium virus Y 0-25% Alfalfa mosaic virus 0-30% Root rots Phytophthora cryptogea 0-75% Pythium sp. 0-75% Fusarium sp. 0-75% Macrophomina phaseolina
During the field surveys, some growers had converted to hydroponic (NFT) production of Asian vegetables. Six hydroponic farms were surveyed for root pathogens. Various Pythium isolates were isolated and one grower had Phytophthora in his system. However, it was noted that none of the leafy brassica crops grown within these systems appeared to be significantly affected by these pathogens over a two-year survey period. Significant losses did occur in English spinach, coriander and parsley. The primary pathogens isolated were Pythium spp. Further research is required on the potential for root diseases to cause losses in hydroponic production of Asian vegetables as this form of production is new and it is likely that more aggressive pathogens will emerge. 3.2. Pathogenicity trials 3.2.1 Trial 1, English spinach pathogenicity trial Rhizoctonia and Phytophthora isolates had no significant effect on seed germination and seedling establishment. Some Pythium isolates were strongly pathogenic, causing pre-emergent damping off. Rhizoctonia isolates caused the most plant death (70-95 per cent of total seed sown) while the other pathogens reduced plant survival by 50-70 per cent. The fact that all three pathogens were found associated with diseased field plants (in some cases in the same plant) suggests that they form a disease complex and it will be important to develop management strategies that can control each individual pathogen. Pathogen effects on seed germination and plant establishment are shown in Table A12. Effects on cumulative plant death are presented in Table A13. Tables of means are presented on the logit scale, with back transformed probabilities in brackets. Each table also includes the LRT F test probabilities and LSD (least significant difference) for pair-wise comparisons on a logit scale. Where the LRT F test was significant at the five per cent level, significant pair-wise differences between PHDS are indicated with a ‘letter’ notation. Table A12. English spinach mean germination/plant establishment (% of total seed sown) Phytophthora Pythium Rhizoctonia PHDS# Mean PHDS# Mean PHDS# Mean 04/786 -0.63 (34.8%) 04/710 -1.44 (19.2%) bc* 04/701 0.20 (55.0%) 04/793/1 0.10 (52.6%) 04/756 -0.10 (47.5%) c 04/793/1 0.62 (65.0%) 04/795/2 -1.76 (14.7%) 05/163 -1.61 (16.7%) bc 05/1011 0.85 (70.0%) 05/1011/2 -1.26 (22.2%) 05/986 -1.01 (26.8%) bc 06/201 1.55 (82.5%) 05/189/1 -0.74 (32.3%) 06/033 -2.59 (7.0%) ab 05/189/2 -0.74 (34.8%) 06/143 -3.75 (2.3%) a 05/986 0.10 (52.6%) 05/189 -1.14 (24.2%) bc Av (max) LSD 1.40 (1.64) 1.37 (2.19) 1.39 (1.50) LRT F Prob. 0.11 0.00045 0.25 * Numbers followed by a different letter are significantly at p=0.05 17
Page 1: Managing Diseases and Pests in Asia
Page 4 and 5: © 2010 Rural Industries Research a
Page 6 and 7: Table of Contents Foreword.........
Page 8 and 9: Figure B14. Population dynamics of
Page 10 and 11: Executive Summary What the report i
Page 12 and 13: Results/key findings The study demo
Page 15 and 16: Introduction Asian vegetable produc
Page 17 and 18: • efficacy of microbial biocontro
Page 19 and 20: Table A2. Pathogen and treatment co
Page 25 and 26: The response variable (germination
Page 27 and 28: 3. Results and discussion 3.1. Farm
Page 29: Table A11b. Asian melons Crop name
Page 33 and 34: 3.2.2 Trial 2: Chemical and microbi
Page 35 and 36: Table A16. Mean seedling establishm
Page 37 and 38: except for Bion 500SC had significa
Page 39 and 40: Table A19a. Mean seedling establish
Page 41 and 42: 3.2.11 Trial 12 and 13 Field trials
Page 43 and 44: Table B1. Insects and mites identif
Page 45 and 46: 2. On-farm trials for management of
Page 47 and 48: Figure B4. Two spotted mite counts
Page 49 and 50: Figure B6. Two spotted mite counts
Page 51 and 52: 3.3 Results and discussion The numb
Page 53 and 54: Figure B10. A gai lan plot managed
Page 55 and 56: 4.2 Methods Weeds around the crop w
Page 57 and 58: Our observation on this farm shows
Page 59 and 60: The model may be written as follows
Page 61 and 62: Population dynamics of Striped flea
Page 63 and 64: • traditional practices • growi
Page 65 and 66: 3. Results 3.1. Initial assessment
Page 67 and 68: 3.3 Information delivery 3.3.1 Info
Page 69 and 70: 2. Trip to Adelaide: On 19 Septembe
Page 71 and 72: personal protection equipment (PPE)
Page 73 and 74: not ask questions at group meetings
Page 75 and 76: 6. Recommendations LOTE growers - V
Page 77 and 78: 2. Evaluation of existing practices
Page 79 and 80: Traps were positioned in crops and
Page 81 and 82:
Table D2. Comparison of pest and be
Page 83 and 84:
Diamond Back Moth Numbers - Pheromo
Page 85 and 86:
Pan Trap Beneficial Numbers 30 25 M
Page 87 and 88:
Leaf hopper damage: These are also
Page 89 and 90:
4. Cultivar evaluation 4.1 Introduc
Page 91 and 92:
Trapping The pan traps showed perio
Page 93 and 94:
4.3.2 Trial 2 Scouting showed some
Page 95 and 96:
Harvest Results The results of vacu
Page 97 and 98:
Treatment 1- IPM Treatment 2 - IPM
Page 99 and 100:
Best Management Options Comparison
Page 101 and 102:
6. Field assessment of beneficial m
Page 103 and 104:
Cucumeris observation trial - damag
Page 105 and 106:
chrysanthemum mizuna Tat soy Figure
Page 107 and 108:
35 Scout numbers of pests and benef
Page 109 and 110:
References Cotton CRC 2005. Integra
Page 111 and 112:
Story Title: “Building permits fo
Page 113 and 114:
Training commenced on 24/7/2004 and
Page 115 and 116:
Appendix B: List of vegetables and
Page 117 and 118:
Activity Day Period No. of grower s
Page 119 and 120:
2. Crop Monitoring a) Do you monito
Page 121 and 122:
4. Chemical Use a) What factors are
Page 123 and 124:
7. Biological Control a) Do you rel
Page 125:
d) Does your dam suffer from: Alga
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