18. WP, pp. 79/80. 19. WP, p. 59. 20. WP, p. 62. 21. WP, p. 87. 22. The Development <strong>of</strong> Christian Doctrine, Chapter 3, Section 1. 23. <strong>Defence</strong> <strong>of</strong> the Priesthood (London, 1935), pp. 17-20.
Chapter IV Anglican Orders------Absolutely Null and Utterly Void As Chapters I and II should have made clear, the Catholic and Protestant concepts <strong>of</strong> the priesthood are totally incompatible. They are mutually contradictory: both cannot be true. The only manner in which Catholics and Protestants could reach genuine agreement is by one <strong>of</strong> the parties abandoning its position and adopting that <strong>of</strong> the other. But a spurious form <strong>of</strong> reconciliation is also possible. One or both parties could adopt the device <strong>of</strong> ambiguity to facilitate unity. This has now become the practice <strong>of</strong> many Catholics engaged in ecumenical dialogue. Doctrinal statements are formulated in such a manner that teaching unacceptable to Protestants is never affirmed, even if not expressly denied, and at the same time the liturgical expression <strong>of</strong> doctrines which Protestants reject is reduced to the absolute minimum or totally abolished. Before examining the extent to which this has been the case with the new Catholic rite <strong>of</strong> ordination it is necessary to examine the reasons which prompted Pope Leo XIII to state quite irrevocably, in his Bull Apostolicae Curae <strong>of</strong> 1896, that Anglican Orders are invalid. It will then be possible to decide the extent to which features that the Pope declared unacceptable in Cranmer's ordination service have been reproduced in the new Catholic rite. In order to understand clearly the meaning <strong>of</strong> the Bull Apostolicae Curae on Anglican Orders, it is necessary to know something <strong>of</strong> the historical background to the Anglican Ordinal. After the break with Rome in 1534 no change was at first made in the method <strong>of</strong> ordination. Throughout the reign <strong>of</strong> Henry VIII, and the earlier part <strong>of</strong> that <strong>of</strong> Edward VI, the Sarum Pontifical [The Pontifical is the book containing the rite for consecrating a bishop and ordaining men to all the major and minor orders.] was was still in use. Bishops were consecrated and priests ordained under the old forms <strong>of</strong> the Church, though variations were sometimes made without authority. But, soon after the appearance <strong>of</strong> the 1549 Book <strong>of</strong> Common Prayer, Cranmer turned his attention to the rite <strong>of</strong> ordination. The introduction <strong>of</strong> the new Ordinal was certainly the most important event in the English Reformation. A bill to provide for it was introduced into the House <strong>of</strong> Lords on 8 January 1550. It was to obtain approval in advance for an ordinal which would be composed by "six prelates and six other men learned in God's law". A simple majority <strong>of</strong> this committee would suffice to approve the Ordinal and, as it would have a Protestant-minded majority, the result was assured in advance. The bill was finally voted in the Lords on 25 January and was delivered to the Commons. After various amendments it was passed on 30 January. On 31 January it was again before the Lords, who passed it in its amended form. Less than half the bishops were present and the voting was six to five in favour <strong>of</strong> an ordinal which had not yet been <strong>of</strong>ficially composed by a committee which had not yet been named. The Protestant bishops who voted for the bill were: Cranmer, Goodrich, Barlow, Holbeach, Ridley, Ferrar. The Anglo-Catholics who voted against it were: Tunstall, Aldrich, Heath, Thirlby, Day. Two <strong>of</strong> the most dedicated Anglo-Catholics, Gardiner and Bonner, were in prison. 1 Although the Ordinal had not yet been composed <strong>of</strong>ficially, there can be no doubt that the real work <strong>of</strong> the Committee was not to compile an ordinal but to approve one which had already been compiled. On 8 February 1550, Heath, the only Anglo-Catholic appointed to the Committee, had been called before the Council, "for that he would not assent to the book made by the rest <strong>of</strong> the bishops and clergy appointed". He was imprisoned and deprived <strong>of</strong> his see for refusing to subscribe to the new Ordinal. 2 Thus, it is clear that the new Ordinal had been completed within six days <strong>of</strong> the appointment <strong>of</strong> the Committee. It had actually been printed by 7 March 1550.
- Page 1 and 2: THE ORDER OF MELCHISEDECH A Defence
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Appendix I The Substance of a Sacra
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Pope Pius XII thus taught conclusiv
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Appendix II Ministerial Intention T
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intention is not necessary for the
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Observers, Canon Ronald Jasper. Bef
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is the way the Modernist mind opera
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office occurs as it was laid down a
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6. Infallible? (London, 1972), pp.
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1. For a more detailed treatment of
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Metropolitan Churches from the hand
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Church-----even though the said bis
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Appendix VII Sacrifice and Priestho
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ecall the Old Testament from which
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590 when he was elected Peter's suc
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oportet) that there is in that Chur
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In these documents we meet always t
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Catholics to what they saw correctl
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international commission, clutching
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priestly ordination is central to t
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It seems somewhat unfair of Dr. Car
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Appendix IX The Revised Ordinal of
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The most evident manner of overcomi
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The Examination of the Candidate Th
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priest could have been made clear b
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Novissime vero Last of all, holy Fa
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Sic nationem so that all nations ga
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of the New Mass can be found. It is
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Mass.
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Communion is concerned, the norm fo
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Appendix XI The Form for the Ordina
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composed. In the new rite for the o