norwegian use of whales: past, present and future trends - WSPA

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Norwegian Use of Whales This document has been prepared by: Economics for the Environment Consultancy Ltd (eftec) 73-75 Mortimer Street London W1W 7SQ Study team: Dr Rob Tinch Zara Phang Laurence Mathieu Reviewer: Adam Dutton Acknowledgements The study team would like to thank Claire Bass, Joanna Toole, Katherine George, Lasse Bruun (World Society for the Protection of Animals); Siri Martinsen (NOAH – for dyrs rettighter); Tanya Schumacher (Dyrebeskyttelsen Norge). eftec offsets its carbon emissions through a biodiversity-friendly voluntary offset purchased from the World Land Trust (http://www.carbonbalanced.org) and only prints on 100% recycled paper. eftec 2 April 2011
Norwegian Use of Whales TABLE OF CONTENTS. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. ...................................................................................4 1. INTRODUCTION AND METHODOLOGY...........................................................6 2. HISTORICAL CONTEXT FOR NORWEGIAN WHALING..........................................9 3. WHALING IN NORWAY TODAY.................................................................. 14 3.1 NORWEGIAN WHALING MANAGEMENT. ......................................................... 14 3.2 VOLUME OF CATCHES.......................................................................... 18 3.3 VESSELS AND EMPLOYMENT.................................................................... 20 4. ECONOMICS OF WHALING IN NORWAY. ...................................................... 25 4.1 COSTS OF WHALING. .......................................................................... 25 4.2 LANDING PRICES OF WHALE MEAT. ............................................................ 28 4.3 PROCESSING AND MARKETS FOR PRODUCTS. ................................................... 29 4.4 DEMAND FOR WHALE MEAT. ................................................................... 32 4.5 EXPORTS. ..................................................................................... 38 4.6 CONCLUSIONS ON ECONOMICS OF WHALING IN NORWAY. ...................................... 39 5. PUBLIC SECTOR ECONOMIC SUPPORT TO WHALING. ...................................... 44 5.1 DIRECT SUPPORTS AND EXPENDITURES FOR THE WHALING INDUSTRY. ......................... 44 5.2 TAX EXEMPTIONS THAT APPLY TO WHALING. .................................................. 54 5.3 ATTITUDES TO SUPPORTS...................................................................... 55 6. WHALING AND FISHERIES INTERACTIONS. ................................................... 64 7. WHALE WATCHING IN NORWAY. .............................................................. 68 7.1 OVERVIEW OF WHALE WATCHING IN NORWAY. ................................................ 68 7.2 WHALE WATCHING BENEFITS TO NORWAY..................................................... 68 7.3 WHALE WATCHING EXPECTATIONS............................................................. 70 7.4 WHALING AND WHALE WATCHING INTERACTIONS. ............................................. 71 8. CONCLUSIONS..................................................................................... 75 ANNEX: OVERVIEW OF BODIES RECEIVING AND GIVING FUNDING TO WHALING RELATED ACTIVITIES ............................................................................................... 79 eftec 3 April 2011
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