Solar PV Atlas: Solar Power in Harmony with Nature - WWF

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Electricity sector There are currently 115 small and midsized power plants operating in Madagas- produced from hydropower. 8 There are Renewable electricity is currently mainly car with a total capacity of 406 MW 6 and a few isolated and relatively small wind annual output of 1.2 million MWh. Twentyone of these plants are part of the only two there is significant additional renewable and solar projects on the island. However, interconnected grids (IG): Antananarivo energy potential. Presently, Madagascar is IG and Fianarantsoa IG. Power plants using only 1.3 per cent of its estimated 7.8 are heavily dependent on two sources of GW potential. 9 Particulary in the north and energy: hydropower (60 per cent) and south, several locations show very good thermal power running on imported diesel wind conditions with average speeds over and heavy fuel oil (40 per cent). Despite 6 m/s. There is huge potential for solar large structural subsidies, the average price energy as well. of electricity to the consumer is US$0.20/ kWh. At these rates, RE, whether gridconnected or not, can become a strong and this vast renewable energy potential, such There is currently some support to exploit cost-effective alternative to the status quo. as the rural electrification fund from the rural Electrification Agency (ADER). These Between 2004 and 2009 demand grew at projects, however, face significant barriers an annual average rate of 7 per cent. The such as relatively more expensive initial Madagascar Action Plan (2006), prior to investments than those required by comparable thermal plants, non-systematic its suspension, planned the construction of three new large thermal plants using oil financial support for renewable energy and the development of a new hydropower projects, unfair competition with subsidized fossil fuel based electricity, high plant. Beyond hydropower, the Action Plan aimed to increase the use of other renewable sources of energy (solar, wind, biofuel) developing scaled investments. dependency on foreign aid, and hurdles to from 0 per cent in 2006 to 3 per cent in 2012. 7 Electric Sector Profile Installed Capacity (2009) 410 MW Total net generation (2009) 1,350 GWh Average residential Electricity Price (2011) Electricity consumption/ capita (2008) Average electricity consumption/capita in IEA countries (2009) US$0.20/ kWh 45 kWh 9,200 kWh Electricity Sources (2010) 60 per Hydropower production cent Thermal power production produced using: Gas oil Fuel oil 40 per cent (16.5 per cent) (23.5 per cent) RE Source Installed Capacity (2008) Hydro 124 MW Wind nominal Solar nominal MADAGASCAR 17
Solar PV Atlas Solar PV POPULATION DENSITY SOLAR RESOURCE As can be seen on the solar map, the conditions for solar PV are excellent across the island. The prevailing trade winds that come from the east result in a small reduction in solar irradiance on the windward side of Madagascar. Overall however, the solar resource in Madagascar is very strong, with over two-thirds of the island having an annual average insolation greater than 6 kWh/m 2 /day. Even on the rainy side of Madagascar annual insolation is greater than 5 kWh/m 2 /day. Four and a half square kilometres of solar panels would generate enough electricity to meet Madagascar’s total current electricity generation. Because population and per capita electricity consumption are expected to rise in the coming decades, 780 square kilometres of land dedicated to solar production would be required to meet to meet 100 per cent of Madagascar’s total electricity needs in 2050. Concentrated into one location, this land would repre- Land required for PV to meet 100 per cent of electricity production In the year 2010 In the year 2050 Protected Areas Population Density > 100/km 2 Population Density > 1000/km 2 2 4 6 8 kWh / m 2 / day 18 MADAGASCAR Land required for PV to meet 100 per cent of electricity production In the year 2010 In the year 2050
Page 1: Solar PV Atlas: Solar Power in Harm
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Page 8 and 9: SOLAR ATLAS: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Rene
Page 10 and 11: 100 per cent Renewable Energy by 20
Page 12 and 13: Less than one per cent POPULATION D
Page 14 and 15: Solar PV Atlas: Indonesia INDONESIA
Page 16 and 17: INDONESIA would make development of
Page 18 and 19: 15 Sunset in Madagascar © Martin H
Page 22 and 23: sent a square of about 28 kilometre
Page 24 and 25: Electricity Sector RE Source Biomas
Page 26 and 27: © R.Isotti, A.Cambone - Homo Ambie
Page 28 and 29: Solar PV Atlas: MEXICO Just over on
Page 30 and 31: Electric Sector Profile Installed C
Page 32 and 33: POPULATION DENSITY SOLAR RESOURCE L
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Page 36 and 37: MOROCCO engaged in discussions aime
Page 38 and 39: Electricity sector According to its
Page 40 and 41: Solar PV With an average of more th
Page 42 and 43: Solar PV Atlas: TURKEY Less than on
Page 44 and 45: Solar PV Presently there is a small
Page 46 and 47: Electricity consumption in 2050 - E
Page 48 and 49: Electricity in Harmony with Nature:
Page 50 and 51: All large-scale energy infrastructu
Page 52 and 53: Annex 1: About this Atlas - Assumpt
Page 54 and 55: Technical corner • Global Horizon
Page 56 and 57: Annex 2 : Impact Categories for Uti
Page 58 and 59: Annex 3 : PV development example -
Page 60 and 61: GLOSSARY : solar atlas terminology
Page 62 and 63: Notes and References: 59 In additio
Page 64 and 65: Notes and References: 2012, Termoel
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Solar PV Atlas: Solar Power in Harmony with Nature - WWF

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