Assessment of Research, Mid-term review 2001-2003 - Industrieel ...

ASSESSMENT OF 

RESEARCH 

MID-TERM REVIEW 2001 - 2003

ASSESSMENT OF 

RESEARCH 

MID-TERM REVIEW 2001 - 2003 

Delft University of Technology 

Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering

Colophon 

Published by 

Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering 

Delft University of Technology, 2004 

Landbergstraat 15 

2628 CE Delft 

The Netherlands 

www.ide.tudelft.nl 

Editors 

Dr. J.S.M. Vergeest 

Dr. ir. P. van Overbeeke 

Cover design 

Corrie van der Lelie

Preface 

This report is a self-evaluation of the research of the faculty of Industrial Design Engineering 

(IDE) conducted in the period from 2001 to 2003. This assessment is part of the national 

evaluation system for publicly funded research in the Netherlands. Delft University of Technology 

(TU Delft) is responsible for the implementation of the evaluation system at its faculties and 

research centers. In 2001, both the research and education of IDE were evaluated over the sixyear 

period from 1995 to 2000. According to TU Delft's schedule, the research over the period 

from 2001 to 2006 will be assessed by an external peer evaluation committee in 2007. The 

evaluation system also requires each institute to produce a mid-term review in preparation to the 

external review. The mid-term review for IDE over the period from 2001 to 2003 was not strictly 

required since IDE entered the new evaluation system relatively late. However, TU Delft 

recommended IDE to perform a self-assessment and the faculty decided to do so, and asked the 

CWB (Research Committee of IDE) to prepare this report. 

The form of this assessment report was adapted to the Standard Evaluation Protocol (SEP) 

designed for the national evaluation system. However, we deviated from the protocol at some 

points. The main purpose of this mid-term review is to provide information about the 

implementation of the research portfolio (2002) to the IDE community itself and to the Research 

Advisory Board. Emphasis was put on 1) presenting the scientific results and highlights according 

to the new research structure as defined by the research portfolio and 2) quantitative information 

about personnel, funding and output for the various (sub)programmes. As mentioned, this midterm 

assessment should be regarded as a prelude to the full evaluation which will take place 

three years from now. We aim to reuse the structure of this report for that evaluation. 

This report is, according to the SEP, structured into two parts, A) documentation regarding the 

level of the institute and B) documentation regarding the level of the research programme. The 

CWB decided to describe part B at the level of the 14 subprogrammes as defined in the research 

portfolio. A higher aggregation level, for example at the level of the 5 programmes, was believed 

inappropriate. Any later changes to the research portfolio or any joins among subprogrammes 

will be reflected in the report of 2007, if needed. 

Although in 2001 the research portfolio was not yet defined, the input/output analysis is 

presented per subprogramme, by back-extrapolation. We believe that this presentation will be 

the most useful, in anticipation of the report for the time period 2001 to 2006. 

Documents about the evaluation procedure and criteria can be found on the CWB's website 

http://www.io.tudelft.nl/cwb. 

We thank the other members of the CWB – Prof.dr. E.J. Hultink, Prof.dr. P.J. Stappers and Dr.ir. 

R.H.M. Goossens – for their contributions to the mid-term review process. 

The editors, 

Dr. J.S.M. Vergeest (chair of the CWB) 

Dr. ir. P. van Overbeeke (secretary of the CWB) 

Delft, 15 October 2004 

3

Table of contents 

A Documentation regarding the level of the institute 7 

Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering 9 

B Documentation regarding the level of the research programme 17 

Programme 1 Design processes in product development 18 

Programme 2 Methods and techniques for the conceptual phase of design 27 

Programme 3 Product conceptualization in collaborative virtual prototyping environment 37 

Programme 4 Personal energy systems 51 

Programme 5 Engineering with new materials 56 

Programme 6 Design for sustainability 64 

Programme 7 Usage evaluation 85 

Programme 8 Product aesthetics and experience 90 

Programme 9 Consumer preference 98 

Programme 10 Transparent interfaces 102 

Programme 11 Intelligence in products 108 

Programme 12 Product advantage and market acceptance of intelligent products 113 

Programme 13 Design for healthy environments 120 

Programme 14 Dynamic anthropometry 124 

Appendix 1 Summary of external research funding to IDE 133 

5

A 

Documentation regarding the level of the institute 

7

8 

General documentation

General documentation 

Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering 

Delft University of Technology 

Name of the institute 

Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering (IDE), Delft University of Technology (TU Delft). 

Date of establishment 

1965 

Research area and mission 

Innovation and improvement of the product development process as well as of future products 

themselves are the major research themes of the faculty. The focus is on durable, mass- or 

series-produced goods, primarily consumer products. The core of IDE's mission statement is 

Creating products that people love to use. Societal, industrial, environmental and users' interests 

are all of concern in disciplinary and multi-disciplinary programmes of research. 

Institutional affiliations 

The faculty has institutional affiliations with, and formal responsibilities towards the following 

organizations: 

- The National Dutch research School of Polymer Science and Technology (PTN) 

- TRAIL Research School 

- Sustainable Building Programme, Faculty of Architecture, TU Delft 

- Integrale Productievernieuwing (IPV) 

Organization 

During the review period, IDE was part of the Faculty of Design, Engineering and Production. 

However, this merge, which occurred in 1997, did not affect IDE's education and research 

missions. In September 2004 IDE formally regained its status as an independent faculty. 

Research at the faculty of IDE is an integral part of TU Delft research portfolio (2002). It is 

organized within two themes: Design Theory and Support and Design of future Products, 

reflecting the focus on the design process and the products themselves respectively. The 

structuring of the research into two themes, five programmes and 14 subprogrammes is depicted 

in the table below. 

As documented in IDE's research portfolio, the theme Design Theory and Support comprises 

three parts: 

• Methodology, Tools and Techniques, focusing on the theoretical fundamentals of the design 

process as well as the methods, tools and techniques that will be used by designers and 

design teams during the creative development of new product concepts, the new problems 

and opportunities that are offered by computer-enabled product technologies and on ways to 

measure the effectiveness and efficiency of these methods, tools and techniques. 

• Life Cycle Engineering and Design, directed to the extension of knowledge with respect to 

product life cycles. Attention is directed to technological, ecological and economic research 

issues. 

• Product Functionality and Experience, focusing on the complex relation between users and 

products. The ability to predict the implications of product concepts such as usefulness, 

acceptance and experience by the user, is a critical task for the designer. 

9


The theme Design of Future Products consists of two parts: 

• Product Intelligence is concerned with communicating product functionality to the user, and 

in turn how the user can communicate needs and wishes to the product. The research 

focuses on the perceptual aspects of the human-product interaction as well as on which 

information should be processed by the product so as to further reduce the users’ mental 

load in interacting with complex products. Additionally, the research deals with the general 

problem of how marketing and technology innovators can communicate and evaluate new 

product functionality based on predictors and forces in the market determining the success or 

failure of new intelligent products. 

• Design for All focuses mainly on the way quantitative data concerning dynamic aspects of 

product use are collected and subsequently translated into (computerized) design-relevant 

guidelines and concepts. Data collection is primarily initiated by both a biomechanical 

approach focusing on how the musculo-skeletal system and skin behave during product use 

as well as an anthropometrical approach focusing on product dimensions in relation to 

dynamic user dimensions. 

Design Theory and Support 

Methodology, Tools & Techniques 

1 Design processes in product development Dr. P.A. Lloyd 

2 Methods and techniques for the conceptual phase of design Prof. dr. P.J. Stappers 

3 Product conceptualization in collaborative virtual prototyping Prof. dr. I. Horváth 

environment 

Life Cycle Engineering and Design 

4 Personal energy systems Prof. ir. J.A.G. de Deugd 

5 Engineering design with new materials Dr. P. Kandachar 

6 Design for sustainability Prof. dr. ir. J.C. Brezet 

Product Functionality and Experience 

7 Usage evaluation Drs. H. Kanis 

8 Product aesthetics and experience Prof. dr. P. Hekkert 

9 Consumer preference Prof. dr. J.P.L. Schoormans 

Design of Future Products 

Product Intelligence 

10 Transparent interfaces Prof. dr. H. de Ridder 

11 Intelligence in products Dr. D.V. Keyson 

12 Product advantage and market acceptance of intelligent products Prof. dr. E.J. Hultink 

Design for All 

13 Design for healthy environments Dr. ir. R.H.M. Goossens 

14 Dynamic anthropometry Dr. ir. J.F.M. Molenbroek 

Within this framework of two themes, 14 subprogrammes were defined in the research portfolio, 

as depicted in the table. The assessment of these 14 subprogrammes form the basis of the 

documentation regarding the level of research programme (Part B of this report). Therefore, Part 

B will refer to 14 Programmes, conforming to the style requirements of the documentation. 

In 1999 the research programme called Ambition was initiated at IDE as a funding incentive of 

TU Delft's executive board. Ambition has played an important role in the development of the 

faculty's multidisciplinary research, and accounted for a number of PhD projects in the research 

portfolio. 

10


1 Strategy and policy 

Several strategic and policy developments were initiated during the reviewed period. Some were 

based on the recommendations from the Quality Assessment of Education and Research 1995- 

2000 or on strategic changes implemented on the level of TU Delft. Also the yearly 

recommendations from IDE's Research Advisory Board (RAB) were an important guidance to a 

restructuring of the research and the development of the research portfolio. 

In October 2002 IDE announced the goals concerning the development of the research to TU 

Delft executive board. The five most important goals are listed below together with a brief 

statement about the developments leading to those goals: 

1. Improved collaboration within the faculty. The co-operation between professor chairs and 

among departments of IDE was already significantly improved by the introduction of the 

multidisciplinary Ambition research program in 1999. Since the revision of the IDE's research 

portfolio in 2002 the integration between disciplinary and interdisciplinary research has 

become even more explicit. All of IDE's research has been brought into one of the two 

themes. Further, the research structure has been optimized against available expertise in the 

faculty rather than according to its departmental organization. Collaborations among 

(sub)programmes have been explicitly indicated in the research project plans. 

2. Enhancement of the scientific results, both qualitatively and quantitatively. One of the means 

to achieve this, was the establishment of larger research groups with a relatively strong 

production power. In several ways PhD students and staff are being encouraged to publish 

increasingly in high-ranked scientific journals, which indeed led to a 70% grow of the number 

of yearly published journal articles from IDE, compared to the period 1995 to 2000. 

3. Increasing the income from second and third money streams. The two research themes 

(Design Theory and Support and Design of Future Products) were designed to be suited to 

raise funds primarily from NWO/STW and from industry, respectively. A significant effort was 

successfully put into applications to NWO, STW, the European Commission and Senter. The 

process of preparing research proposals and contracting is increasingly supported by 

professional staff of the faculty. 

4. Stronger collaboration with other faculties of TU Delft. IDE participates in TU Delft's ICT-Delft 

Research Centre; furthermore one of the STW funded projects is jointly carried out by IDE 

and by Computer Science of the faculty of EWI. Plans for collaborating or even integrated 

design institutes of IDE and the Faculty of Architecture are under negotiation. 

5. Enhancing the relation between education and research. The new Master of Science 

programs of IDE were created in accordance with the research portfolio, thus improving the 

knowledge transfer from recent research results to education, and to facilitate the 

involvement of graduating students in the various research projects. 

The achievement of these goals was strongly supported by the process of providing IDE the 

status of an independent faculty, which improved the visibility and the international positioning of 

the research. Also the accommodation of all staff, labs and studios in one, new, building 

contributed to the enhancement of IDE's identity. 

Preparations were made during the review period to establish the Delft Design Institute (DDI). 

This institute should promote and coordinate industry projects carried out by or in collaboration 

with IDE staff and students. The DDI was officially launched in April 2004. 

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2 Researchers and other personnel 

The research staff (in full time equivalents) for the institute as a whole and on the programme 

level are shown in the table. 

Institutional level 2001 2002 2003 

Tenured staff 27.12 26.40 24.76 

Non-tenured staff 4.18 4.81 6.64 

PhD students 29.82 29.02 29.84 

Total research staff 61.12 60.25 61.24 

Supporting staff 6.00 6.00 6.00 

Total staff 67.12 66.25 67.24 

Programme level 2001 2002 2003 

1 Design processes in product development 

Tenured staff 3.20 2.95 1.75 

Non-tenured staff 

PhD students 3.20 2.60 2.30 

Subtotal research staff 6.40 5.55 4.05 

2 Methods and techniques for the conceptual phase of design 



PhD students 3.20 2.60 2.30 


3 Product conceptualization in collaborative virtual prototyping 

environment 



PhD students 5.65 5.21 3.17 


4 Personal energy systems 



PhD students 0.20 


5 Engineering design with new materials 



PhD students 1.92 1.41 1.47 


6 Design for sustainability 



PhD students 4.80 5.10 5.90 


12


7 Usage evaluation 



PhD students 1.00 1.00 0.85 


8 Product aesthetics and experience 



PhD students 1.05 0.65 1.60 


9 Consumer preference 



PhD student 2.15 2.30 1.60 


10 Transparent interfaces 



PhD students 0.60 1.25 1.00 


11 Intelligence in products 



PhD students 1.95 3.55 3.20 


12 Product advantage and market acceptance of intelligent products 



PhD students 3.00 3.00 3.00 


13 Design for healthy environments 



PhD students 0.90 


14 Dynamic anthropometry 


Non-tenured staff 0.50 0.80 

PhD students 1.00 1.00 1.00 


13


3 Resources and funding 

A summary of the financial resources and a breakdown of the resources into direct funding, 

research funding and contracts are provided at the institutional level in the table below. Also the 

expenditures per year of the review period are listed. 

2001 2002 2003 

Funding K€ % K€ % K€ % 

Direct funding 11 300 89% 13 000 94% 13 700 93% 

Research funds 0 0% 100 0% 100 0% 

Contracts 1 100 9% 500 4% 700 5% 

Other 200 2% 200 2% 200 2% 

Total 12 600 100% 13 800 100% 14 700 100% 

Expenditure 

Personnel costs 11 400 84% 11 300 84% 10 900 83% 

Other costs 2 200 16% 2 200 16% 2 300 17% 

Total 13 600 100% 13 500 100% 13 200 100% 

4 Overview of the results 

The number of scientific publications, summed over all programmes are presented in the table 

below. Details about the scientific output can be found in Part B of this report. 

2001 2002 2003 total 

Academic publications in refereed journal 49 58 46 153 

in other journals 

book chapters 15 23 13 51 

Conference proceedings 146 150 136 432 

Total academic publications 210 231 195 636 

Monographs 3 4 1 8 

Ph.D. theses 5 6 7 18 

Professional publications and products 73 74 40 187 

5 Brief analysis 

During the evaluation period significant changes regarding the organization, the education and 

the research took place around and within IDE. Nevertheless, and despite the temporary merge 

of IDE with other faculties, the community of IDE as a whole committed itself to the further 

improvement of both the quality and quantity of the research and to enhance its identity and 

positioning. The increased scientific output as well as the implementation of the research 

portfolio in 2002 are the key achievements in that respect. Besides the strong points that can be 

mentioned, there are still a lot of issues pointed out by the IDE's management team, the 

Research Advisory Board and by the programme/project leaders and researchers themselves 

during interviews that each (sub)programme leader had with IDE's Research Committee in June 

2004. These issues will be summarized here, but should be considered as a preliminary result of 

14


analysis, since the review period is short and includes the implementation process of the research 

portfolio. 

Strengths 

• The definition of the research portfolio has improved the transparency of the research 

structure as well as the visibility of (interdisciplinary) collaborations within IDE and among 

the faculties 

• IDE has an excellent international name and reputation 

• The scientific output is increasing both in quality and in quantity 

• The number of externally funded research projects is (slowly) increasing 

• New long-term research collaborations have been and are being established 

• Working toward an independent faculty and moving into the new building with an improved 

infrastructure were stimulating for IDE and its research 

• The connection between the Master of Science programs and research projects serves to 

further integrate research and education 

• An increasing fraction of PhD students at IDE are graduates from this faculty. 

Weaknesses 

• Due to the interdisciplinary character of the research there are relatively few journals that 

accept articles about research in industrial design engineering 

• Industrial design engineering is not in one of the specific areas defined by NWO or STW, 

which reduces the opportunities to access funding 

• IDE has not sufficiently involved the Research Advisory Board in the development of future 

plans for the research 

• In some programmes and projects, planned goals cannot be achieved due to lack of research 

capacity 

• In some programmes there are not sufficient efforts to explore options to acquire research 

contracts or STW/NWO funding 

• Many professor chairs have been vacant for a relatively long time. 

Opportunities 

• The recognition of Human-Centered Design by TU Delft as a Delft Research Centre would 

improve the faculty's position 

• The integration of programmes 7 (Usage evaluation) and 14 (Dynamic anthropometry) would 

strengthen the research portfolio 

• Bringing some subprogrammes into a larger one would be of advantage, for example into a 

programme called Usage and marketing research 

• The submission of a joint proposal by the Delft Design Institute and the Delft School of 

Design (of the faculty of Architecture) would enhance the opportunities for scientific 

collaboration and for direct and contract-based funding 

• The appointment of a research director for IDE would accelerate the development of the 

research portfolio, facilitate all aspects of the research and increase its efficiency 

• The newly founded schools of Industrial Design in Eindhoven and Twente can become 

prominent research partners. 

Threats 

• In order to perform scientifically there can be a tendency to focus on a specialized topic 

rather than on the multidisciplinary research of industrial design engineering itself 

• To acquire funding there is a risk of entering company-specific projects with low scientific 

relevance 

• Staff may get overloaded with teaching and management tasks, leading to inefficiencies in 

research. 

15

Product conceptualisation in collaborative 

virtual prototyping environment (MTT-3) 

Studying computer support 

of conceptual design and 

the evolution of product 

shapes in conceptual 

design. 

Design for sustainability 

(LCED-3) 

Researching problems and 

opportunities to innovate 

and design products and 

product systems of superior 

quality in respect of 

sustainable development 

values (ecodesign). 

Consumer preference 

(PFE-3) 

Enhancing product 

acceptance by incorporating 

consumer reactions towards 

new products into the field 

of product development. 

Product advantage and market acceptance of 

intelligent products (PI-3) 

Examining the phenomenon 

of intelligent products from 

a marketing perspective. 

Methodology, Tools & Techniques 

This research theme focuses on the 

exploration, development, validation 

and implementation of innovative 

methodologies, techniques and tools to 

support product designers. 

themes programmes 

Design 

Theory 

and 

Support 

Methodology, 

Tools and Techniques 

Life Cycle Engineering 

and Design 

Product Functionality 

and Experience 

Design of Product Intelligence 

Future 

Products Design for all 

Design processes in product development 

(MTT-1) 

Increasing knowledge of 

design activity, design 

thinking and design 

communication. 

Methods and techniques for the conceptual 

phase of design (MTT-2) 

Developing tools that 

support both creative 

thinking and 

communication within 

design teams. 

Life Cycle Engineering & Design 

Life Cycle Engineering considers mass 

and material flows of the whole lifecycle 

of products. Special attention is paid to 

the use of alternative energy systems, 

opportunities presented by new materials 

and the innovation of product systems 

for the optimisation of lifecycles. 


Design 

Theory 

and 

Support 

Methodology, 



and Design 




Future 


Personal energy systems 

(LCED-1) 

Finding alternatives for the 

increased use of batteries 

in portable energy 

products. 

Engineering design with new materials 

(LCED-2) 

Developing guidelines to 

optimise the selection 

and application of 

materials in products and 

technologies in design, 

and the mechanical 

behaviour of plastics. 

Product Functionality & Experience 

The question that this programme aims 

to answer is: how can design mediate 

between the large range of technological 

possibilities and consumer demands? 

Demands related to functional, aesthetic 

and experiential product benefits. 


Design 

Theory 

and 

Support 

Methodology, 



and Design 




Future 


Usage evaluation 

(PFE-1) 

Supporting designers in 

anticipating future usage of 

products by providing 

insights into the way people 

attribute meanings to the 

featural and functional 

characteristics of products. 

Product aesthetics and experience 

(PFE-2) 

Developing knowledge, 

tools and methods that 

support the transition 

from experience through 

all our senses to design: 

experience-centred 

design. 

Product Intelligence 

This programme is concerned with 

communicating product functionality to 

the user. And vice versa: how people 

can communicate their needs and wishes 

to the product. 


Design 

Theory 

and 

Support 

Methodology, 



and Design 




Future 


Transparent interfaces 

(PI-1) 

Finding ways to make the 

user interface as transparent 

or unobtrusive as possible, 

so as to enable the user to 

engage in the task at hand 

rather than be bothered by 

how to control or interact 

with the product. 

Intelligence in products 

(PI-2) 

Enhancing communication 

and understanding 

between the user and 

product. 

Design for All 

The main focus of this programme is 

the way quantitative data concerning 

dynamic aspects of product use are 

collected and subsequently translated 

into (computerised) design-relevant 

guidelines and concepts. 


Design 

Theory 

and 

Support 

Methodology, 



and Design 




Future 


Design for healthy environments 

(DfA-1) 

Obtaining an insight into 

user problems, such as 

pressure sores, RSI, low 

back pain and discomfort. 

Dynamic anthropometry 

(DfA-2) 

Understanding humanproduct 

interaction during 

product use, starting 

from an anthropometric 

perspective and 

emphasising the wide 

variety in the user 

population.

B 

Documentation regarding the level of the research 

programme 

17


DOCUMENTATION ON THE LEVEL OF RESEARCH PROGRAMME 2001-2003 

Title 

Programme leader 

Design processes in product development 

Dr. P.A. Lloyd 

The goal of this research is to increase our understanding of the factors that go to make up 

design processes in product development. Influencing factors break down into a number of multidisciplinary 

areas such as the nature of design problems, the structure of design processes, the 

abilities and experience of designers, design representation, design thinking and reasoning, 

creativity, and communication. The overall goal is to be achieved both through empirical studies 

– recording and analyzing what designers do when they design, and through critical/theoretical 

analyses – clarifying the concepts which designers and design researchers use when they talk 

about the design process. The proper understanding of the design process is fundamental to the 

effective development of methods, tools, and design support systems, as well as for design 

education. 


Research subjects 

A. Design communication and reflective practice, aims to show how the concept of shared 

understanding can be usefully applied within a number of social design contexts, to make explicit 

factors enhancing and inhibiting design communication and vision creation and to develop clear 

and precise terminology for discussing issues related to design communication. 

B. The interface between product development and production is concerned with two issues: 1) 

How do the differences between New Product Development (NPD) and production influence the 

interactions across the interface during development and during implementation. 2) In what 

respect does the work of NPD influence the implementation of the new ‘product’, i.e. the ramp-up 

of production. 

C. Information Processing in Design aims at optimization of the conceptualization phase by A 

better understanding of design thinking through information processing, with an emphasis on the 

use external sources of information, and the role of expertise and by offering models and 

methods on visualization which will support the designer, with special attention to the generation 

of ideas and the communication through visualization techniques. 

Plans for the research focus 

In general the focus of the research will remain the same for the three projects within the 

research programme. The only change will be that in the Design Communication and Reflective 

Practice project Norbert Roozenburg, previously looking at the Meta Context of designing, will 

now be concentrating more on the Educational Context and publishing within the field of design 

education. 

Plans for new collaborations and funding 

At present a funding bid is being prepared for a European FP6 project entitled: Incorporating 

Knowledge and Innovation in the Product Design Process. The Design Methodology Group are 

part of the consortium and one of the proposed work package leaders. At the beginning of 2005 

18


there will be a funding bid to the NWO for a VENI and/or VIDI project. A proposal is also 

underway for a joint NWO/STW initiative in Applied Cognition under project: Design 

Communication and Reflective Practice of the programme 


Table 1 Research staff in fte 


Full professors prof.dr.ir. J.A. Buijs 0.20 0.10 0.10 

Associate professors dr. P.A. Lloyd 

ir. N.F.M. Roozenburg 

dr. H.H.C.M. Christiaans 

0.50 

0.30 

0.20 

0.50 

0.20 

0.40 

0.50 

0.10 

0.15 

Assistant professors 

dr.ir. R. van der Lugt 

ir. F.E.H.M. Smulders 

ir. W. Muller 

dr.ir. A.C. Valkenburg 

dr. A.C. Fernandes da Costa 

0.50 

0.40 

0.10 

0.50 

0.50 

0.30 

0.40 

0.15 

0.40 

0.50 

0.20 

0.40 

0.20 

0.10 

Other tenured staff 

Total tenured staff 3.20 2.95 1.75 

Non-tenured staff ir. N.P.G. van Leeuwen 0.00 

PhD students 

ir. M.S. Kleinsmann 

ir. J.D. Restrepo Giraldo 

ir. L. Jonkhoff 

ir. D.J.H.C. Hendriks 

drs. W. Mout 

ir. O.D.C. Neijens 

0.80 

0.70 

0.40 

1.00 

0.30 

0.80 

1.00 

0.40 

0.00 

0.40 

0.80 

0.60 

0.90 



Scientific highlights 

The Video-Assisted Learning in Design (VALiD) project, initiated in 2001 in collaboration with 

Janet McDonnell from University College London, produced a series of publications looking at the 

reflective practice aspects of using digital video in the design process. 

The research was set up in such a way that design students would be able to learn about their 

design process while researchers could obtain valuable data about designing. The combined 

result was educational and research output. 

A group of design students were asked to film their own design process, and then – through the 

use of digital video editing – tell the ‘story’ of that design process. The conversations that 

resulted revealed valuable insights into the way design experience and design knowledge is both 

constructed and de-constructed during designing. 

19


Key publications 

Lloyd, PA & Busby, J (2001). Softening up the facts: engineers in design meetings. Design issues 

17 (3), 67-82. 

Lugt, R van der (2002). Brainsketching and how it differs from brainstorming. Creativity and 

innovation management, 11(1), 43-54. 

Lloyd, PA & Busby, J. (2003). "Things that went well - no serious injuries or deaths": ethical 

reasons in a normal engineering design process Science and engineering ethics 9 (4), 503-516. 

McDonnell, J, Lloyd, PA & Valkenburg, RC (2004). Developing expertise through the construction 

of video stories. Design Studies, (25), 509-525. 

Table 2 Results of the programme 


Academic publications in refereed journals 3 4 6 13 

Academic publications in other journals 

Academic publications: book chapters 2 1 3 

Academic publications in conference proceedings 16 16 12 45 


Monographs 

Ph.D. theses 1 1 


2001 

Academic publications in refereed journals 

Fernandes da Costa, AC (1999). Theoretical considerations over trust: relevant aspects for 

organizational behavior. Psicologica 13 (1/2), 85-98. 

Fernandes da Costa, AC, Roe, R.A., & Taillieu, T. (2001). Trust within teams: the relation with 

performance effectiveness. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology 10 (3), 

225-244. 

Lloyd, PA, & Busby, J. (2001). Softening up the facts: engineers in design meetings. Design 

issues 17 (3), 67-82. 

Academic publications in conference proceedings 

Buijs, JA (2001). A personal history of being in the field of creativity and innovation for 25 years. 

In L. van der Geffen, H. van der Meer & T. Rickards (Eds.), Proceedings of the sixth European 

conference on creativity & innovation (pp. 51-58). Enschede (NL): Twente University Press. 

20


Christiaans, HHCM, & Restrepo Giraldo, JD (2001). Designer conditioning by early 

representations. In J.S. Gero & K. Hori (Eds.), Third international workshop on strategic 

knowledge and concept formation (pp. 247-259). Sydney: Key Centre of Design Computing and 

Cognition, Un. of Sydney. 

Christiaans, HHCM, & Restrepo Giraldo, JD (2001). Information processing in design. In H. 

Achten, B. de Vries & J.M. Hennessey (Eds.), Design research in the Netherlands (pp. 63-73). 

Eindhoven: Eindhoven University of Technology. 

Dorst, C.H., & Hendriks, DJHC (2001). The role of the design context: in practice and in design 

methodology. In P.A. Lloyd & H.H.C.M. Christiaans (Eds.), Proceedings of DTRS 5 (pp. 345-359). 

Delft: DUP Science. 

Hendriks, DJHC, & Dorst, C.H. (2001). Design project management in practice - the e-mail diary 

study. In S. Culley & et Al. (Eds.), Design research - theories, methodologies, and product 

modelling, 13th international conference on engineering design (pp. 205-212). Bury St Edmunds: 

Professional Engineering Publishing ltd. 

Hendriks, DJHC, & Dorst, C.H. (2001). The E-mail diary research project: describing experiences 

in managing new product development projects. In (Ed.), 8th international product development 

management conference (pp. 447-458). 

Smulders, FEHM (2001). An exploration of the differences between multifunctional NPD and the 

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Bekker, MM, Beusmans, JWF, Keyson, DV & Lloyd, PA (2002). KidReporter: a method for 

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Markopoulos, P & Kersten-Tsikalkina, M (Ed.), Proceedings of the international workshop 

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Lloyd, PA, Valkenburg, AC & McDonnell, J (2002). Making the final cut - re-presenting the 

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engineering design. (pp. 107-114). Bury St Edmunds: Professional Engineering Publishing. 

Lugt, R van der (2002). Developing brainsketching: a graphic tool for generating ideas. In Buijs, 

JA, Lugt, R van der & Meer, H van der (Ed.), Idea safari. (pp. 239-253). Enschede: Twente 

University Press. 

Lugt, R van der (2002). Functions of sketching in design idea generation meetings. In Hewett, TT 

& Kavanagh, T (Ed.), Creativity & cognition 2002. (pp. 72-79). New York: ACM. 

Lugt, R van der & Graaf, A van der (2002). Context indicator for determining links between 

design ideas. In Marjanovic, D (Ed.), Proceedings of the DESIGN 2002 7th international design 

conference. (pp. 261-266). Zagreb: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture. 

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(Ed.), Proceedings of the DESIGN 2002 7th international design conference. (pp. 255-260). 

Zagreb: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture. 

Roozenburg, NFM (2002). A theory is not a thing: a methodological comparison of design and 

research. In -- (Ed.), International conference the sciences of design: the scientific challenge for 

the 21st century in honour of Herbert Simon. (pp. 1-11). 

Smulders, FEHM, Boer, H, Hansen, PHK, Gubi, E & Dorst, K (2002). A typology of interfaces 

between new product development and production. In Buijs, JA, Lugt, R van der & Meer, H van 

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Smulders, FEHM (2002). Implementing integrated systems: can we use theories of change? In 

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Smulders, FEHM, Caluwé, L de & Nieuwenhuizen, O van (2002). Last stage of NPD-project: 

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Smulders, FEHM, Gubi, E, Hansen, PHK, Dorst, K & Boer, H (2002). A typology of supplierinvolved 

interfaces between new product development and production. In -- (Ed.), 9th 

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Garcia, J, & Restrepo Giraldo, JD (2002). Context modeling in a collaborative virtual reality 

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Amerongen, R van, & Christiaans, HHCM (2002). Retail design & communication: educating a 

profession. In L Collina & G Simonelli (Eds.), Designing designers. Training strategies for the third 

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Valkenburg, AC (2002). Doe eens iets wat je nog nooit hebt gedaan! Product, 10(4), 26-29. 

Wieringa, T & Valkenburg, AC (2002). De groei van industrieel ontwerpbureaus. Vormberichten, 

06, 14-16. 

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Nederland. Product, 10(3), 5-11. 

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18-20. 

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reasons in a normal engineering design process Science and engineering ethics 9 (4), 503-516. 

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Buijs, JA (2003). Modelling product innovation processes, from linear logic to circular chaos 

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Lugt, R van der (2003). Reconsidering the divergent thinking guidelines for design idea 

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26



Title 


Methods and techniques for the 

conceptual phase of design 

Prof. dr. P.J. Stappers 

This research programme focuses on the development of methods and techniques to be used by 

designers and design teams in the early phases of the design process. During these phases the 

design problem is analyzed, initial ideas are formed and subsequently developed into concepts. 

There is a growing pressure on the early phases because of increased technological complexity, 

increased attention for the social, cultural, and experiential contexts of product use, and the need 

for faster development of new products. Central to the early phase is the generation, integration 

and communication of new ideas and existing knowledge. Much of the ideation and 

communication occurs through visualizations such as sketches, storyboards, mood boards and 

collages and through simple physical mock-ups as concept prototypes. These means are 

becoming more important because much of the information is perceptual, emotional, cognitive 

and social and thus difficult to verbalize. Furthermore these means are important because design 

teams are increasingly working in (remote) collaboration with specialists from diverse 

backgrounds having their own frame of reference and language. Visualizations and (interactive) 

prototypes facilitate communication across disciplinary boundaries. 



A. Media capabilities of the designer's tools A series of tools and techniques for supporting 

designers in product conceptualization is explored, iterated, and tested in lifelike situations 

(research through design). New insights stem from both experimental 

testing as well as from design iterations. The prototypes developed in this project are analyzed 

on two levels: (i) as tools, within the context of design techniques, and (ii) as interfaces, within 

the context of user-product interaction. 

B. Experience-centered design/techniques. The objective of this project is to develop techniques 

that designers and design teams can use in analyzing, communicating, and designing for humanproduct 

interaction. The use of rich media by designers in communicating with and about users 

and supported by tools and techniques, is studied. Examples are computer-supported dynamic 

visualizations (video narratives), interactive simulations (sketchy VR prototypes), but also 

traditional media (storyboards), and techniques such as play-acting. Further, the means for 

designers to translate verbal expressions into form properties is examined. It must end up in a 

design tool that acknowledges the role of the human body in expression formation and 

understanding. 


In this period an emphasis was put on doing research through design by creating close-topractice 

prototypes of design tools and testing these in real-world settings rather than laboratory 

situations. 

27


Also, a start was made in developing context mapping techniques (constructing and 

communicating information about contexts of user-product interaction), in collaboration with 

prof. dr. E. B.-N. Sanders of Ohio State University and SonicRim Inc, and in collaboration with 

subprogramme MTT-1. This field was explored first through student research projects, and 

several Masters' graduation projects. In 2004 ir. F. Sleeswijk Visser started a Ph.D. project on 

context mapping. 


In collaboration with the Faculty of Aeronautics (dr. M. Mulder) and Wright State University (prof. 

dr. J.M. Flach), the application of Cognitive Systems Engineering (CSE) as a framework for 

modelling user-product interaction for consumer products is being explored. 

The ingredients of design techniques, interactive media design, context mapping, and CSE form 

the basis for a number of collaborations which aim for Ph.D. projects/applications in the next two 

years (e.g. DECIS on communication support tools, TU/e and EUR on decision support systems 

for fuzzy data, KAIST and SAIT on user experience modelling). 



Full professors 

Associate professors 


prof.dr. P.J. Stappers 

prof. P.P. Mijksenaar 

prof.dr. P.P.M.Hekkert 

dr. P.H. Westendorp 

dr. C.J. Overbeeke 

ir. G.J. Pasman 

ir. A. Hoeben 

ir. D.P. Saakes 

ir. W. Muller 

dr.ir. J.P. Djajadiningrat 

J.J. Eissen 

dr.ir. C.C.M. Hummels 

ir. H. Kuipers 


0.40 0.35 0.25 

0.05 0.05 0.05 

0.10 0.10 0.05 

0.40 0.40 0.40 

0.60 

0.40 

0.20 

0.40 

0.10 

0.40 

0.10 

0.20 

0.10 

0.30 

0.40 

0.20 

0.40 

0.05 

0.20 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.50 

0.20 

0.20 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

Other tenured staff F. van Mourik 0.20 0.10 0.10 


Non-tenured staff dr. K. van der Waarde 0.20 0.20 0.20 

PhD students 

ir. A.I. Keller 

drs. T.J.L. van Rompay 

A. Ajdari, MA 

0.60 

0.90 

0.60 

0.90 

0.60 

0.80 

1.00 

ir. J.W. Frens 

ir. S.A.G. Wensveen 

0.70 

0.40 

0.35 

0.10 


28




The period's highlights were found in the realization, evaluation, and communication of research 

findings through tool prototypes. ProductWorld (Ph.D. Thesis Gert Pasman, 2003), the digital 

sketchbook (Hoeben), TRI (Stappers & Keller), and Cabinet (Ph.D. Thesis Ianus Keller, due 2005) 

all serve as examples of 'research through design'. 

A visible application of the research through design approach, and context mapping techniques, 

was the Delft student entry to the Microsoft Research Design Expo 2003, which received the best 

design concept award. 


Stappers, PJ Overbeeke, CJ & Gaver, W (2003). Beyond the limits of real-time realism: moving 

from stimulation correspondence to information correspondence In LJ Hettinger & M Haas (Eds.), 

Virtual and adaptive environments: applications, implications, and human performance issues 

(pp. 91-110). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 





Academic publications: book chapters 2 3 5 10 



Monographs 1 1 

Ph.D. theses 1 1 2 




Keller, AI, & Stappers, PJ (2001). Presence for design: conveying atmosphere through video. 

CyberPsychology & Behavior 4 (2), 215-224. 

Keller, AI, Stappers, PJ, & Hoeben, A (2000). TRI inspiration support for a design studio 

environment (niet eerder opgenomen). International journal of design computing 3, 1-17. 

Westendorp, PH, & Waarde, K.M. van der (2001). Editorial introduction. Information design 

journal 10 (1), 1-3. 

Westendorp, PH, & Waarde, K.M. van der (2001). Icons: support or substitute? Information 

design journal 10 (2), 91-94. 

29



Mourik, F van (2001). Paper and screen typography, expression and meaning. In RE Griffin, J Lee 

& VS William (Eds.), Visual literacy in message design (pp. 131-138). Loretto, PA: International 

Visual Literacy Association. 

Overbeeke, CJ, Djajadiningrat, JP, Wensveen, SAG, & Frens, JW (2001). Set me free, give me 

degrees of freedom. In A Okazi (Ed.), Report of modeling the evaluation structure of KANSEI 

2001 (Evaluation of KANSEI, 5, pp. 89-95). Tsukuba: University of Tsukuba. 


Achten, H., Vries, B. de, & Hennessey, JM (2000). Design research in the Netherlands 2000: 

introduction. In H. Achten, B. de Vries & J.M. Hennessey (Eds.), Design research in the 

Netherlands 2000 (pp. I-VI). Eindhoven: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven. 

Djajadiningrat, JP, Overbeeke, CJ, & Stappers, PJ (2001). Cubby: a unified interaction space for 

precision manipulation. In W. Keller (Ed.), 12th international training & education conference 

(pp. 1-8). Warminster: ITEC. 

Djajadiningrat, JP, Stappers, PJ, & Overbeeke, CJ (2001). Cubby: a unified interaction space for 

precision manipulation. In J.D. Westwood & et Al. (Eds.), Medicine meets virtual reality 2001 

(pp. 129-135). Amsterdam: IOS Press. 

Hoeben, A, & Stappers, PJ (2001). Ideas: a vision of a designer's sketching-tool (+ video 8 min.). 

In J. Jacko & A. Sears (Eds.), Conference on human factors in computing systems (pp. 1-2). New 

York: ACM. 

Hummels, CCM, Djajadiningrat, JP, & Overbeeke, CJ (2001). Knowing, doing and feeling: 

communicating with your digital products. In W. Keller (Ed.), Interdisziplinäres Kolleg: Kognitionsund 

Neurowissenschaften (pp. 289-308). Bremen: Arendtop. 

Lee, S.H., Stappers, PJ, Buijs, M., & Soleymani, F. (2001). Kansei evaluation of matching 2D to 

3D images extracted by observation of 3D objects. In N. Callaos & et Al. (Eds.), 5th world 

conference on systematics, cybernetics and informatics (pp. 386-391). 

Overbeeke, CJ, Djajadiningrat, JP, Wensveen, SAG, & Frens, JW (2001). Set me free, give me 

degrees of freedom. In (Ed.), Proceedings of the international conference on advances in 

infrastructure for electronic business, science, and education on the internet (pp. 1-7). SSGRR. 

Pasman, GJ, & Stappers, PJ (2001). ProductWorld : an interactive environment classifying and 

retrieving product samples. In (Ed.), Proceedings of the 5th Asian design conference (pp. 1-11). 

Rompay, T.J.L. van, & Hekkert, PPM (2001). Embodied design: the role of bodily experiences in 

product design. In M.G. Helander, H.M. Khalid & M.P. Tham (Eds.), Proceedings of the 

international conference on affective human factors design, June 27-29 (pp. 39-46). London, UK: 

Asean Academic Press. 

Stappers, PJ, & Hoeben, A (2001). Every pixel user-made: aesthetic consistency in the 

development of computer-supported conceptual design tools. In (Ed.), Proceedings of the 5th 

Asian design conference (pp. 1-13). 

30


Stappers, PJ, Saakes, DP, & Adriaanse, J. (2001). On the narrative structure of virtual reality 

walkthroughs: an analysis and proposed design. In B. de Vries, J. van Leeuwen & H. Achten 

(Eds.), Proceedings of the ninth international conference (pp. 125-138). Dordrecht: Kluwer. 

Monographs 

Muller, W (2001). Order and meaning in design. : Lemma. 


Djajadiningrat, JP, & Gribnau, M.W. (2000). Cubby: multiscreen desktop VR part III. MacTech 16 

(12), 27-38. 

Westendorp, PH, & Mijksenaar, PP (Eds.). (2001). Information design journal 10. 

Westendorp, PH, & Mijksenaar, PP (2001). Creatieve instructies. Product 9 (5), 4-9. 

Westendorp, PH (2001). Design of visual instructions. In (Ed.), Ninth annual WinWriters online 

help conference (pp. 1-9). Seattle, WA, USA. 

Westendorp, PH (2001). Exploring instructional information types. In (Ed.), Ninth annual 

WinWriters online help conference (pp. 1-21). Seattle, WA, USA: WinWriters. 

Mourik, F van (2001). Plaatjes kijken. Leren in Ontwikkeling 1, 19-21. 

Waarde, K.M. van der (2001). Information design, part 1. 2+D Grafika Plus Produkt 1, 18-21. 

Waarde, K.M. van der (2001). Tekenend voor tenenaars? [Review of: Technisch illustreren door 

de eeuwen heen]. Tekst[blad], 7, 61-64. 

2002 


Saakes, DP, & Stappers, PJ (2002). Designing architectural walkthroughs: from simulations to 

presentations by visualising narrative transitions. International journal of design computing 4. 


Lee, S, Harada, A, & Stappers, PJ (2002). Design based on Kansei. In WS Green & PW Jordan 

(Eds.), Pleasures with products: beyond usability (pp. 219-230). London: Taylor & Francis. 

31


Lee, S, Stappers, PJ, Buijs, M, & Soleymani, F (2002). Kansei evaluation of matching 2D to 3D 

images extracted by observation of 3D objects. In A Okazi (Ed.), Report of modeling the 

evaluation structure of Kansei 2001 (Evaluation of Kansei, 5, pp. 197-202). Tsukuba: University 

of Tsukuba. 

Waarde, K.M. van der, & Westendorp, PH (2002). Design concepts of instruction manuals. In A 

Schneider (Ed.), Information Design (pp. 110-119). Tokyo: Graphic-She-Publishing Co. Ltd. 


Frens, JW, Djajadiningrat, JP, & Overbeeke, CJ (2002). Cubby+, exploring interaction. In N 

MacDonald (Ed.), DIS2002: serious reflection on designing interactive systems (pp. 135-140). 

New York: ACM. 

Frens, JW, Djajadiningrat, JP, & Overbeeke, CJ (2002). Computer generated freedom: searching 

not knowing. In (Ed.), ITEC: Europe's training, education and simulation conference proceedings 

(pp. 1-6). 

Hammann, E, & Hennessey, JM (2002). How to attract early teens to your mobile network. In MM 

Bekker, P Markopoulos & M Kersten-Tsikalkina (Eds.), Interaction design and children 

(pp. 110-124). Maastricht: Shaker Publishing. 

Waarde, K.M. van der (2002). Making information readable and understandable. In E Gräfe (Ed.), 

Making information usable and understandable: user friendly product information - barrier free 

access to technical information (pp. 40-49). Brussels: TCEurope. 

Djajadiningrat, JP, Overbeeke, CJ, & Wensveen, SAG (2002). But how, Donald, tell us how?: on 

the creation of meaning in interaction design through feedforward and inherent feedback. In N 

MacDonald (Ed.), DIS2002: serious reflection on designing interactive systems (pp. 285-291). 

New York: ACM. 

Ph.D. theses 

Westendorp, PH (10-06-2002). Presentation media for product interaction. Delft University of 

Technology (221 pag.). Prom./coprom.: Mijksenaar, PP, & Dirken, JM 


Mijksenaar, PP (2002). Belangrijk bij bewegwijzering is eenvormigheid. Boekblad 169 

(december), 18. 

Mijksenaar, PP (2002). Visueel Esperanto of steno voor ingewijden? Van taal naar beeldtaal en 

weer terug. Onze taal 71 (2/3), 54-57. 

Mijksenaar, PP (2002). Wachten op de ramp. In R Smulders & N Smulders (Eds.), 09.11.2001 

Infographics in de Nederlandse media (pp. 4-5). Hiversum: VIN Vakgroep Infographicmakers 

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informatie. Vormberichten 10, 22-23. 

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informatie. Vormberichten 12, 18-19. 

Waarde, K.M. van der (2002). Information design, part 2. 2+3D Grafika Plus Produkt 1, 24-27. 

Waarde, K.M. van der (2002). Information design, part 3. 2+3D Grafika Plus Produkt 2 (3), 

20-24. 

Waarde, K.M. van der (2002). Medicijnen toedienen. Ter informatie, over de vormgeving van 

informatie. Vormberichten 9, 23. 

Waarde, K.M. van der (2002). Startkabels. Ter informatie, over de vormgeving van informatie. 

Vormberichten 11, 22-23. 

Waarde, K.M. van der (2002). Van pillendraaiers en potjeslatijn: de vormgeving van informatie 

over medicijnen. Tekst[blad] 8 (3), 20-26. 

Westendorp, PH, & Waarde, K.M. van der (Eds.). (2002). Information design journal 11. 

Westendorp, PH, & Mijksenaar, PP (09-04-2002). Knopjes - tussen fetisjisme en fobie. NRC 

Handelsblad, pp. 8. 

Other results (patents/awards/prizes) 

Frens, JW, Djajadiningrat, JP, & Overbeeke, CJ (2002). Cubby+ A desktop VR system for 

precision manipulation. Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI2002): 

Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA (20-04-2002 - 25-04-2002). ontwerp. 



Waarde, K.M. van der (2003). Informatievormgeving: over het ontwerpen van visuele dialogen 

Kunstlicht 24 (1/2), 9-14. 

Westendorp, PH, & Waarde, K.M. van der (2003). From avionics to aviation information 

architecture Information design journal 11 (1), 1-3. 


Westendorp, PH (2003). Bewegwijzering voor doolhoven/signage for labyrinths In D van Ginkel 

(Ed.), Nederlandse designprijzen 2003/Dutch design awards 2003 (pp. 54-58). BNO. 

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Hummels, CCM, Overbeeke, CJ, & Helm, AJC van der (2003). The interactive installation ISH: in 

search of resonant human product interaction In MA Blythe, K Overbeeke, AF Monk & PC Wright 

(Eds.), Funology: from usability to enjoyment (pp. 265-274). Dordrecht: Kluwer. 

Overbeeke, CJ, Djajadiningrat, JP, Hummels, CCM, Wensveen, SAG, & Frens, JW (2003). Let's 

make things engaging In MA Blythe, K Overbeeke, AF Monk & PC Wright (Eds.), Funology: from 

usability to enjoyment (pp. 7-17). Dordrecht: Kluwer. 

Stappers, PJ, Overbeeke, CJ, & Gaver, W (2003). Beyond the limits of real-time realism: moving 

from stimulation correspondence to information correspondence In LJ Hettinger & M Haas (Eds.), 

Virtual and adaptive environments: applications, implications, and human performance issues 

(pp. 91-110). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 

Voorhorst, FA, Overbeeke, CJ, & Smets, G.J.F. (2003). Implementing perception-action coupling 

for laparoscopy In LJ Hettinger & M Haas (Eds.), Virtual and adaptive environments: applications, 

implications, and human performance issues (pp. 391-412). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum 

Associates. 


Miyazawa, K, Komamiya, Y, Stappers, PJ, & Yamanaka, T (2003). GUI usability development tool 

with dynamic Kansei labeling. In H Aoki (Ed.), 6th Asian design international conference Journal 

of the asian design international conference (pp. 1-8). Tsukuba: Institute of Art and Design, Univ. 

of Tsukuba. 

Pasman, GJ (2003). Computer-assisted product classification in design education. In H Aoki (Ed.), 

6th Asian design international conference Journal of the asian design international conference 

(pp. 1-9). Tsukuba: Institute of Art and Design, Univ. of Tsukuba. 

Umemuro, H, Saakes, DP, Hoeben, A, Stappers, PJ, & Ono, M (2003). Optic flow backgrounds: 

using ergomotion perception to support navigation in a 3D computer world. In H Aoki (Ed.), 6th 

Asian design international conference Journal of the asian design international conference 


Vormer, FJP (Ch. Control and Simulation), Otten, JJ, Mulder, M (Ch. Control and Simulation), 

Paassen, MM van (Ch. Control and Simulation), Mulder, JA (Ch. Control and Simulation), 

Stappers, PJ, Overbeeke, CJ, & Flach, JM (2003). Design and experimental evaluation of fourdimensional 

tunnel-in-the-sky displays. In RS Jensen (Ed.), Proceedings of the 12th international 

symposium on aviation psychology (pp. 1-6). Dayton: Wright State University. 

Hoefnagels, S, Geelhoed, E, Stappers, PJ, Hoeben, A, & Lugt, R van der (2003). Designing for a 

frictionless mobile lifestyle:using a friction metaphor in designing appliances for mobility. In s.n. 

(Ed.), 1AD: first international conference on aplliance design (pp. 133-136). s.l.: s.n. 

Hummels, CCM, Ross, P, & Overbeeke, CJ (2003). In search of resonant human computer 

interaction: building and testing aesthetic installations. In M Rauterberg, M Menozzi & J Wesson 

(Eds.), Human-computer interaction: INTERACT '03 (pp. 399-406). Amsterdam: IOS Press. 

Hummels, CCM, Overbeeke, CJ, & Wormgoor, R (2003). The Boulevard of Inspiration: making 

design education tempting, experiential and personal. In H Aoki (Ed.), 6th Asian design 

international conference Journal of the asian design international conference (pp. 1-11). 

Tsukuba: Institute of Art and Design, Univ. of Tsukuba. 

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(Ed.), 6th Asian design international conference Journal of the asian design international 

conference (pp. 1-7). Tsukuba: Institute of Art and Design, Univ. of Tsukuba. 

Pasman, GJ, & Lelie, C van der (2003). Designing products for everyday rituals. In H Aoki (Ed.), 

6th Asian design international conference Journal of the asian design international conference 


Stappers, PJ, Hoeben, A, & Flach, JM (2003). Learning control theory by experiencing dynamics. 

In H Aoki (Ed.), 6th Asian design international conference Journal of the asian design 

international conference (pp. 1-10). Tsukuba: Institute of Art and Design, Univ. of Tsukuba. 

Stappers, PJ, Sleeswijk Visser, F, & Keller, AI (2003). Mapping the experiential context of product 

use: generative techniques beyond questions and observations. In H Aoki (Ed.), 6th Asian design 

international conference Journal of the asian design international conference (pp. 1-8). Tsukuba: 

Institute of Art and Design, Univ. of Tsukuba. 

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in support of fluid collaboration. In H Aoki (Ed.), 6th Asian design international conference 

Journal of the asian design international conference (pp. 1-8). Tsukuba: Institute of Art and 

Design, Univ. of Tsukuba. 

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Pasman, GJ (30-06-2003). Designing with precedents Delft University of Technology (222 pag.). 

Prom./coprom.: Hennessey, JM, & Stappers, PJ 


Groenen, P.J.F., & Stappers, PJ (2003). Dynamische visualisatie met meerdimensionele schaling 

Stator, 4-10. 

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Kommunikation 5, 33-37. 

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Waarde, K.M. van der (Ed.). (2003). InfoDesign. 

Waarde, K.M. van der (2003). Ter informatie: aanwijzingen voor toeristen Vormberichten, 26-27. 

Waarde, K.M. van der (2003). Ter informatie: afval scheiden Vormberichten, 26-27. 

Waarde, K.M. van der (2003). Ter informatie: de financiële bijsluiter Vormberichten, 36-37. 

Waarde, K.M. van der (2003). Ter informatie: vliegtuiginstructies Vormberichten, 28-29. 

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Waarde, K.M. van der (2003). Ter informatie: wasvoorschriften Vormberichten, 38-39. 

Westendorp, PH (Ed.). (2003). InfoDesign. 

36

3 Product conceptualization in collaborative virtual prototyping environment 


Title 


Product conceptualization in collaborative 

virtual prototyping environment 

Prof. dr. I. Horváth 

The research programme develops and implements computer-oriented theories, methods, tools 

and pilot systems for supporting conceptual design of products in a collaborative virtual 

prototyping environment. To this end, it considers two foci of activities. On the one hand, it 

explores methods and techniques and it prototypes tools for knowledge-intensive computer 

support of product conceptualization. On the other hand, it studies the technological 

infrastructure, collaboration support, information and knowledge management, and system 

realization aspects of collaborative virtual design/prototyping environments. The research 

programme contributes to the scientific development of the discipline as well as provides 

applicable solutions for product conceptualization and remote collaboration in the industry. 



A. Dynamic shape advancement (Dynash) The research project is centered on analysis, 

computation, materialization, presentation and interpretation of shape to understand why, when 

and how different types of shapes are assigned. Methods and pilot software tools will be 

developed and their effectiveness in the industrial design process will be evaluated. The research 

objectives include: analysis of existing CAD and manual shape modeling processes, development 

of theories and techniques for dynamic shape context, investigation of subjective shape 

appreciation as a function of shape parameters, development of optical back projection from CAD 

onto the physical shape, and fast production of editable physical shapes. 

B. Knowledge intensive conceptualization. This project commences with several state of the art 

surveys and research case studies. Explorative research will be done in several forms to 

investigate the data and information need of, use, and reuse by designers in conceptual design 

activities. Solutions will be developed for (a) assessment, selection and structuring knowledge, 

and (b) formalizing and embedding knowledge in aspect models for conceptual design to 

proactively support the conceptualization activities of designers. To facilitate building knowledgeintensive 

models, natural means of interaction will be studied and applied in the user interface of 

the computer aided conceptual design tools. Experiments will be done to explore the 

opportunities of using knowledge intensive conceptualization tools by dislocated design teams. 


The research focus will not generally change. However, due to the increased involvement of 

companies and other societal parties, there is a tendency to translate theories and methods more 

into practically usable tools and methods, and to do that in a relatively early stage of the 

research. For example, new methods and algorithms developed for 3D shape scanning and 

recognition are directly applied to cases from partners in the industry. 

37



After successful applications for funding at STW and the EC Research Framework, new contacts 

are being established with academic and industrial partners, including the University of Hannover, 

the Zhejiang University and the Institute of Applied mathematics and Information Technologies 

(CIMA) in Genova. 




Full professors prof.dr.ir. I. Horváth 0.35 0.59 0.50 

Associate professors dr. J.S.M. Vergeest 0.77 0.69 0.65 

Assistant professors ir. J.J. Broek 

dr.ir. Z. Rusák 

ir. C.C.M. Moes 

ir. J.C. Verlinden 

dr.ir. R.W. Vroom 

ir. W.F. van der Vegte 

dr.ir. P.J. de Jager 

ir. E.J.J. van Breemen 

0.66 

0.67 

0.57 

0.19 

0.48 

0.80 

0.09 

0.79 

0.77 

0.42 

0.11 

0.68 

0.20 

0.84 

0.73 

0.85 

0.39 

0.18 

0.57 

0.05 

Other tenured staff T. Wiegers 

A. de Smit 

A. Kooijman 

0.68 

0.47 

0.37 

0.62 

0.37 

0.55 

0.55 

0.45 

0.87 



PhD students 

dr. W. Song 

A. Shevchenko 

S. Spanjaard 

R. Dumitrescu M.Sc. 

Ch. Wang M.Sc. 

M.I. Jambak M.Sc. 

E. Varga 

E. Akar 

E.Z. Opiyo 

G. Kuczogi 

ir. Z. Rusák 

0.16 0.86 

0.32 

0.24 

0.58 

0.32 

0.86 

1.00 

0.94 

0.95 

1.00 

0.89 

1.00 

0.77 

0.25 

0.61 

0.69 

1.00 

0.37 

0.55 

1.00 

0.96 

0.97 

0.15 

0.09 




The main scientific achievements in the review period are: 

• Development and application testing of a pre-implementation method to evaluate design 

supporting tools (Abstract Prototyping) 

• A theoretic model and initial implementation of product usage based on conceptual design 

information 

38


• Development of a digital model of the human body for the prediction of sitting comfort and 

complaints 

• Development and testing of a vague modeling system for the conceptualization of products 

• Several new methods and techniques for fast evaluation of product concepts, including 

augmented prototyping and physical clay machining 

• New methods and software for the recognition and manipulation of freeform shape features, 

supporting the processing of 3D scanned objects and their reuse and redesign 

• Analysis and work-breakdown investigation of shape modeling processes, both physical (clay) 

and virtual (CAD) 

• Development and evaluation of a conceptual design engineering toolbox (C-DET 


Horváth, I, Duhovnik, J, & Xirouchakis, P (2003). Learning the methods and the skills of global 

product realization in an academic virtual enterprise European journal of engineering education 

28 (1), 83-102 

Vergeest, JSM Song & Hartge (2004). Freeform object positioning by 3D shape matching without 

artifical feature points Journal of WSCG 12 (no.1-3) 

Horváth, I (in press 2004). A treatise on order in engineering design research (revised paper for 

Research in engineering design) 








Monographs 

Ph.D. theses 1 2 3 




Horváth, I, & Rusak, Z (2001). Collaborative shape conceptualization in virtual design 

environments. Communications of the ACM (http://www.acm.org/cacm/1201/1201 44 (12), 

59-63. 

Horváth, I, Broek, JJ, & Dutta, D. (2000). Editable physical concept models: opportunities and 

challenges (niet eerder opgenomen). Revue Internationale de CFAO et d'Informatique Graphique 

15 (2-4), 409-426. 

Koelman, H.J., Horváth, I, & Aalbers, A (2001). Hybrid representation of the shape of ship hulls. 

International shipbuilding progress 48 (3), 247-269. 

39


Steinfield, Ch, Wit, D., Adelaar, T, Bruins, A, Fielt, A, Smit, A de, Hoefsloot, M, & Bouwman, 

W.A.G.A. Dr. (2001). Pillars of virtual enterprise: leveraging physical assets in the new economy. 

INFO 2001 (3), 203-213. 

Vegte, WF van der, Vergeest, JSM, & Horváth, I (2001). Towards a unified description of product 

related processes. Journal of Integrated Design & Process Science 5 (2), 53-63. 

Vegte, WF van der, Pulles, J.P.W., & Vergeest, JSM (2001). Towards computer-supported 

inclusion and integration of life cycle processes in product conceptualization based on the process 

tree. Automation in construction 10 (6), 731-740. 

Vergeest, JSM, Spanjaard, S., Horváth, I, & Jelier, J.J.O. (2001). Fitting freeform shape patterns 

to scanned 3D objects. Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering 1 (3), 

218-224. 


Breemen, EJJ van, & Horváth, I (2001). Taking the challenge of a new century: a teleconference 

based course in global product realisation. In S. Culley & et Al. (Eds.), Design applications in 

industry and education, 13th international conference on engineering design (pp. 473-480). Bury 

St Edmunds: Professional Engineering Publishing ltd. 

Broek, JJ, Horváth, I, Smit, A de, & Jager, PJ de (2001). Looking for minimum conditions for 

FF-TLOM cutting, equal blade tangencies at both layer contours. In D. Dimitrov (Ed.), 

Proceedings 2nd annual conference with international participation on rapid technologies 

(pp. 83-92). Stellenbosch: Global Competitiveness Centre in Engineering. 

Horváth, I (2001). A contemporary survey of scientific research into engineering design. In 

S. Culley & et Al. (Eds.), Design research - theories, methodologies, and product modelling, 13th 

international conference on engineering design (pp. 13-20). Bury St Edmunds: Professional 

Engineering Publishing ltd. 

Horváth, I, Dutta, D., Breemen, EJJ van, & Yip-Hoi, D. (2001). Educating for global product 

realization on a global scale. In D.T. Mook & B. Balachandran (Eds.), ASME 2001 design 

engineering technical conference and computers and information in engineering conference 

(pp. 1-11). New York, NY, USA: ASME. 

Horváth, I, Rusak, Z, Vergeest, JSM, & Moes, CCM (2001). Vague geometric representation and 

its application in anthropometrical modeling. In M. Hamdy Elwany & M.G. Abou-Ali (Eds.), 7th 

international conference on production engineering, design and control (pp. 295-306). PEDAC. 

Jager, PJ de, Broek, JJ, Horváth, I, Kooijman, A, & Smit, A de (2001). An effective geometric and 

kinematical analysis of ruled surface feature manufacturability for rapid prototyping. In D.T. Mook 

& B. Balachandran (Eds.), ASME 2001 design engineering technical conference and computers 

and information in engineering conference (pp. 1-10). New York, NY, USA: ASME. 

Jager, PJ de, Broek, JJ, Smit, A de, & Horváth, I (2001). Automated evaluation of advanced 

layered manufacturing processes by process planning. In R. Meyer & H. Kühnle (Eds.), 

International user's conference on rapid prototyping & rapid tooling & rapid manufacturing 

(pp. 118-125). 

40


Jansson, J., Vergeest, JSM, Kuczogi, G, & Horváth, I (2001). Merging deformable and rigid body 

mechanics simulation. In E.J.H. Kerckhoffs & M. Snorek (Eds.), 15th European simulation 

multiconference (pp. 399-406). Delft: Society for Computer Simulation International. 

Koelman, H.J., & Horváth, I (2001). Application of a genetic algorithm for segmentation of a ship 

hull for FF-TLOM and for 3-axis milling. In D.T. Mook & B. Balachandran (Eds.), ASME 2001 

design engineering technical conference and computers and information in engineering 

conference (pp. 1-10). New York, NY, USA: ASME. 

Kuczogi, G, Horváth, I, Vergeest, JSM, & Rusak, Z (2001). Communication model for the user 

interface of a shape conceptualization system. In D.T. Mook & B. Balachandran (Eds.), ASME 

2001 design engineering technical conference and computers and information in engineering 


Moes, CCM, Rusak, Z, & Horváth, I (2001). Application of vague geometric representation for 

shape instance generation of the human body. In D.T. Mook & B. Balachandran (Eds.), ASME 

2001 design engineering technical conference and computers information in engineering 


Moes, CCM, Rusak, Z, & Horváth, I (2001). Generation of shape instances for ergonomic 

optimization of shapes. In S. Culley & et Al. (Eds.), Design methods for performance and 

sustainability, 13th international conference on engineering design (pp. 131-138). Bury St 

Edmunds: Professional Engineering Publishing ltd. 

Moes, CCM (2001). Mathematics and algorithms for pressure distribution controlled shape design. 

In S. Culley & et Al. (Eds.), Design methods for performance and sustainability, 13th international 

conference on engineering design (pp. 99-106). Bury St Edmunds: Professional Engineering 

Publishing ltd. 

Opiyo, EZ, Horváth, I, & Vergeest, JSM (2001). Developing software tools for pre-implementation 

testing of design support tools. In L. Icalmar & G. Patko (Eds.), Proceedings of the MicroCAD 

2001 international scientific conference (pp. 1-8). Miskolc: University of Miskolc. 

Opiyo, EZ, Horváth, I, & Vergeest, JSM (2001). Knowledge representation and processing in 

abstract prototyping of design support tools. In S. Culley & et Al. (Eds.), Design research - 

theories, methodologies and product modelling, 13th international conference on engineering 

design (pp. 469-476). Bury St Edmunds: Professional Engineering Publishing ltd. 

Opiyo, EZ, Horváth, I, & Vergeest, JSM (2001). Using the abstract prototyping technique in the 

development of design support systems. In D.T. Mook & B. Balachandran (Eds.), 2001 ASME 



Rusak, Z, Horváth, I, Jansson, J., Vergeest, JSM, & Kuczogi, G (2001). Shape manipulation of 

domain distributed vague models. In S. Culley & et Al. (Eds.), Design research - theories, 

methodologies and product modelling, 13th international conference on engineering design 

(pp. 565-572). Bury St Edmunds: Professional Engineering Publishing ltd. 

Smit, B. de, Jager, PJ de, Kooijman, A, & Broek, JJ (2001). Experimental results on the 

application of FF-TLOM technology for the creation of a large freeform shape. In D. Dimitrov 

(Ed.), Proceedings 2nd annual conference with international participation on rapid technologies 

(pp. 93-101). Stellenbosch: Global Competitiveness Centre in Engineering. 

41


Spanjaard, S., & Vergeest, JSM (2001). Comparing different fitting strategies for matching two 

3D point sets using a multivariable minimizer. In D.T. Mook & B. Balachandran (Eds.), 2001 ASME 



Vergeest, JSM, & Horváth, I (2001). A fundamental limit of interoperability. In R. Mackay & et Al. 

(Eds.), Proceedings of the 10th symposium on product data technology, quality marketing 

services (pp. 1-8). 

Vergeest, JSM, Horváth, I, & Spanjaard, S. (2001). A methodology for reusing freeform shape 

content. In D.T. Mook & B. Balachandran (Eds.), 2001 ASME design engineering technical 

conference and computers and information in engineering conference (pp. 1-8). New York, NY, 

USA: ASME. 

Vergeest, JSM, Akar, E, & Opiyo, EZ (2001). Computer-supported shape conceptualization - 

interfacing engineers with academic research. In S. Culley & et Al. (Eds.), Design applications in 

industry and education, 13th international conference on engineering design (pp. 59-66). Bury St 

Edmunds: Professional Engineering Publishing ltd. 

Vergeest, JSM, & Horváth, I (2001). Matching 3D freeform shapes to digitized objects and its 

application in shape modeling. In M. Hamdy Elwany & M.G. Abou-Ali (Eds.), 7th international 

conference on production engineering, design and control (pp. 1345-1356). PEDAC. 

Vergeest, JSM, Horváth, I, & Spanjaard, S. (2001). Parameterization of freeform features. In 

A. Pasko & M. Spagnuolo (Eds.), International conference on shape modeling and applications 

(pp. 20-29). Piscataway, NJ, USA: IEEE. 

Vergeest, JSM, & Spanjaard, S. (2001). The computation of 3D pattern matching as a tool for 

conceptual freeform shape design. In D.T. Mook & B. Balachandran (Eds.), 2001 ASME design 



Vergeest, JSM, & Horváth, I (2001). Where interoperability ends. In D.T. Mook & B. Balachandran 

(Eds.), 2001 ASME design engineering technical conference and computers and information in 

engineering conference (pp. 1-8). New York, NY, USA: ASME. 

Verlinden, JC, Horváth, I, & Jager, PJ de (2001). Dialogue models of knowledge intensive 

assistance in shape conceptualisation. In S. Culley & et Al. (Eds.), Design methods for 

performance and sustainability, 13th international conference on engineering design 


Verlinden, JC, Wiegers, T, Vogelaar, H., Horváth, I, & Vergeest, JSM (2001). Exploring conceptual 

design using a clay-based wizard of Oz technique. In G. Jahannsen (Ed.), 8th 

IFAC/IFIP/FORS/IEA symposium on analysis, design and evaluation of human-machine systems 

(pp. 211-216). VDI. 

Wiegers, T, & Vergeest, JSM (2001). Extraction of CAD tool requirements from industry and from 

experimental design projects. In D.T. Mook & B. Balachandran (Eds.), ASME 2001 design 



42


Ph.D. theses 

Vroom, RW (10-04-2001). Zicht op producten procesontwikkelingsinformatie: in het bijzonder 

bij toeleveranciers aan de automobielindustrie. Technische Universiteit Delft (231 pag.). (Delft: 

DUP). Prom./coprom.: Ruwe, P de, & Sol, H.G. 


Broek, JJ, Poelman, W., & Sleijffers, W. (2001). Rapid prototyping revisited. Product 9 (mei), 

11-14. 

Bouwman, W.A.G.A. Dr., Fielt, A, & Smit, A de (2001). Click & Mortar eCommerce in Rotterdam. 

Enschede: Telematica Instituut. 

2002 


Berg, C. van den (Ch. Computer Graphics), Bronsvoort, WF (Ch. Computer Graphics) & Vergeest, 

JSM (2002). Freeform feature modelling: concepts and prospects. Computers in industry, 49(2), 

217-233. 

Broek, JJ, Horváth, I, Smit, A de, Lennings, AF, Rusak, Z & Vergeest, JSM (2002). Free-form thick 

layer object manufacturing technology for large-sized physical models. Automation in 

construction, 11(3), 335-347. 

Horváth, I, Vergeest, JSM & Medland, AJ (2002). Computer-based tools and methods of 

competitive engineering. Computer-aided design, 34, 869-870. 

Horváth, I, Vergeest, JSM & Medland, AJ (2002). Editorial. Journal of engineering design, 

13(1-3), 1-3. 

Horváth, I & Yang, D-Y (2002). Rapid technologies: solutions for today and tomorrow (Editorial). 

Computer-aided design, 34(10), 679-682. 

Jansson, J & Vergeest, JSM (2002). A discrete mechanics model for deformable bodies. 

Computer-aided design, 34, 913-928. 

Opiyo, EZ, Horváth, I & Vergeest, JSM (2002). Quality assurance of design support software: 

review and analysis of the state of the art. Computers in industry, 49, 195-215. 

Vegte, WF van der & Horváth, I (2002). Consideration and modeling of use processes in 

computer-aided conceptual design: a state of the art review. Journal of integrated design and 

process science, 6(2), 25-59. 

Vergeest, JSM & Spanjaard, S (2002). Direct 3D pattern matching in the domain of freeform 

shapes. Journal of WSCG, 10(1), 1-8. 

43



Horváth, I (2002). Collaborative virtual prototyping environments - a big soup of new 

technologies? In Shahin, TMM (Ed.), Computer-based design. (pp. 21-34). Bury St Edmunds: 

Professional Engineering Publishing. 


Berg, C. van den (Ch. Computer Graphics), Bronsvoort, WF (Ch. Computer Graphics) & Vergeest, 

JSM (2002). Techniques for freeform feature modelling. In Horváth, I, Li, P & Vergeest, JSM 

(Ed.), TMCE 2002: Tools and methods of competitive engineering. (pp. 201-211). Wuhan, PRC: 

HUST Press. 

Broek, JJ, Horváth, I & Smit, A de (2002). Exploration of influential parameters for speed control 

of the flexible blade cutting process. In Horváth, I, Li, P & Vergeest, JSM (Ed.), TMCE 2002: tools 

and methods of competitive engineering. (pp. 783-794). Wuhan: HUST Press. 

Broek, JJ & Horváth, I (2002). Speed control for flexible blade cutting of thick foam layers. In 

Kazerounian, K (Ed.), Proceedings of DETC'02. (pp. 1-10). New York: ASME. 

Dumitrescu, R, Vergeest, JSM, Wiegers, T & Wang, C (2002). Towards context-sensitive modeling 

tools. In Marjanovic, D (Ed.), Design 2002 - Proceedings of the 7th international design 


Gerritsen, BHM & Rusak, Z (2002). Fuzzy shape families. In Horváth, I, Li, P & Vergeest, JSM 

(Ed.), TMCE 2002: tools and methods of competitive engineering. (pp. 287-298). Wuhan: HUST 

Press. 

Horváth, I, Rusak, Z & Vergeest, JSM (2002). Collaborative virtual design environments: a 

treatise of the supporting technologies. In Kazerounian, K (Ed.), Proceedings of DETC'02. 

(pp. 1-13). New York: ASME. 

Horváth, I, Vergeest, JSM & Rusak, Z (2002). Six ingredients of collaborative virtual design 

environments. In Marjanovic, D (Ed.), Design 2002 - Proceedings of the 7th international design 


Jambak, MI (2002). Following the evolution of the product concept with incomplete modeling by 

nucleus entities. In -- (Ed.), 2002 IEEE international engineering management conference. 

(pp. 708-712). Piscataway: IEEE. 

Kooijman, A & Vergeest, JSM (2002). Matching minimum strain energy curves to B-spline curves 

for thick layer manufacturing. In Kazerounian, K (Ed.), Proceedings of DETC'02. (pp. 1-8). New 

York: ASME. 

Kuczogi, G, Horváth, I & Rusak, Z (2002). Verbal interface for vague discrete shape modeler. In 

Horváth, I, Li, P & Vergeest, JSM (Ed.), TMCE 2002: tools and methods of competitive 

engineering. (pp. 663-674). Wuhan: HUST Press. 

44


Moes, CCM & Horváth, I (2002). Estimation of the non-linear material properties for a finite 

elements model of the human body parts involved in sitting. In Kazerounian, K (Ed.), Proceedings 

of DETC'02. (pp. 1-11). New York: ASME. 

Moes, CCM & Horváth, I (2002). Finite elements model of the human body: geometry and nonlinear 

material properties. In Horváth, I, Li, P & Vergeest, JSM (Ed.), TMCE 2002: tools and 

methods of competitive engineering. (pp. 451-467). Wuhan: HUST Press. 

Moes, CCM & Horváth, I (2002). Optimizing the product shape for ergonomics goodness index, 

part 1: conceptual solution. In McCabe, PT (Ed.), Contemporary ergonomics 2002. (pp. 314-318). 

London: Taylor & Francis. 

Moes, CCM & Horváth, I (2002). Optimizing the product shape for ergonomics goodness index, 

part 2: elaboration for material properties. In McCabe, PT (Ed.), Contemporary ergonomics 2002. 

(pp. 319-322). London: Taylor & Francis. 

Moes, CCM & Horváth, I (2002). Using finite elements model of the human body for shape 

optimization of seats: optimization material properties. In Marjanovic, D (Ed.), Design 2002 - 

Proceedings of the 7th international design conference. (pp. 857-865). Zagreb: Faculty of 

Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture. 

Opiyo, EZ, Horváth, I & Vergeest, JSM (2002). A strategy for quality assurance of computer 

based design methods. In Rohatynski, R & Jakubowski, J (Ed.), EDIPROD'2002: design methods 

that work. (pp. 133-140). Zielona Gora: University of Zielona Gora. 

Opiyo, EZ, Horváth, I & Vergeest, JSM (2002). Acquisition and processing of requirements for pre 

implementation testing of design support systems. In Horváth, I, Li, P & Vergeest, JSM (Ed.), 

TMCE 2002: tools and methods of competitive engineering. (pp. 705-717). Wuhan: HUST Press. 

Opiyo, EZ, Horváth, I & Vergeest, JSM (2002). Case studies on the application of the abstract 

prototyping stratergy in the development of design support software. In Kazerounian, K (Ed.), 

Proceedings of DETC'02. (pp. 1-10). New York: ASME. 

Owen, R & Horváth, I (2002). Towards product-related knowledge asset warehousing in 

enterprises. In Horváth, I, Li, P & Vergeest, JSM (Ed.), TMCE 2002: tools and methods of 

competitive engineering. (pp. 155-170). Wuhan: HUST Press. 

Rusak, Z, Horváth, I, Kuczogi, G & Jansson, J (2002). Physically-based operators for virtual clay 

modeling in a collaborative virtual design environment. In Horváth, I, Li, P & Vergeest, JSM (Ed.), 

TMCE 2002: tools and methods of competitive engineering. (pp. 299-314). Wuhan: HUST Press. 

Rusak, Z, Horváth, I, Kuczogi, G & Akar, E (2002). Shape instance generation from domain 

distributed vague models. In Kazerounian, K (Ed.), Proceedings of DETC'02. (pp. 1-15). New 

York: ASME. 

Sener, B, Vergeest, JSM & Akar, E (2002). New generation computer-aided design tools: two 

related research projects investigating the future expectations of designers. In Marjanovic, D 

(Ed.), Design 2002 - Proceedings of the 7th international design conference. (pp. 539-544). 


Smit, A de, Kooijman, A, Broek, JJ & Horváth, I (2002). Developing a tool for the direct cutting of 

freeform surfaces out of extruded polystyrene foam. In Meyer, R (Ed.), Euro-u Rapid 2002. 

(pp. 1-6). Fraunhofer - Allianz Rapid Prototyping. 

45


Song, Y, Vergeest, JSM & Horváth, I (2002). Feature interference in free form template matching. 

In Navazo Alvaro, I & Slusallek, Ph (Ed.), Eurographics 2002. (pp. 9-18). Eurographics 

Association. 

Song, Y, Vergeest, JSM & Dumitrescu, R (2002). Feature reconstruction for freeform surface 

design. In Vajna, S (Ed.), Integrated product development. (pp. 1-8). 

Song, Y, Vergeest, JSM & Horváth, I (2002). Reconstructing freeform surface with parameterized 

features. In Kazerounian, K (Ed.), Proceedings of DETC'02. (pp. 1-10). New York: ASME. 

Vegte, WF van der, Kitamura, Y, Mizoguchi, R & Horváth, I (2002). Ontology-based modeling of 

product functionality and use, part 2: considering use and unintended behavior. In Rohatynski, R 

& Jakubowski, J (Ed.), EDIPROD'2002: design methods that work. (pp. 115-124). Zielona Gora: 

University of Zielona Gora. 

Vergeest, JSM, Egmond, R van & Dumitrescu, R (2002). Correlating shape parameters to 

customer preference. In Horváth, I, Li, P & Vergeest, JSM (Ed.), TMCE 2002: tools and methods 

of competitive engineering. (pp. 331-338). Wuhan: HUST Press. 

Vergeest, JSM, Song, Y, Horváth, I & Wang, C (2002). Dynamic shape typing. In Kazerounian, K 

(Ed.), Proceedings of DETC'02. (pp. 1-9). New York: ASME. 

Verlinden, JC, Horváth, I & Kuczogi, G (2002). Verbal constraint management for shape 

conceptualization. In Horváth, I, Li, P & Vergeest, JSM (Ed.), TMCE 2002: tools and methods of 


Verlinden, JC, Igarashi, T & Vergeest, JSM (2002). Snapshots and bookmarks as a graphical 

design history. In Marjanovic, D (Ed.), Design 2002 - Proceedings of the 7th international design 


Vroom, RW, Horváth, I & Vegte, WF van der (2002). Instruments to visualize design engineering 

working methods in automotive supplier companies. In Karagiannis, D & Reimer, U (Ed.), 

Proceedings of the fourth international conference on practical aspects of knowledge 

management. Lecture notes in artificial intelligence (pp. 347-358). Berlin: Springer-Verlag. 

Vroom, RW, Haarlem, LF van & Ootes, FPA (2002). Overview of the initiatives on the 

development of designer's toolkits. In Marjanovic, D (Ed.), Design 2002 - Proceedings of the 7th 

international design conference. (pp. 443-448). Zagreb: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and 

Naval Architecture. 

Vroom, RW (2002). Research into the practice of design engineering working methods within 

automotive companies. In Rohatynski, R & Jakubowski, J (Ed.), EDIPROD'2002: design methods 

that work. (pp. 183-190). Zielona Gora: University of Zielona Gora. 

Vroom, RW & Verlinden, JC (2002). Transparency in documents and activities in product and 

process development at automotive suppliers. In Marjanovic, D (Ed.), Design 2002 - Proceedings 

of the 7th international design conference. (pp. 435-442). Zagreb: Faculty of Mechanical 

Engineering and Naval Architecture. 

Wang, C, Vergeest, JSM, Horváth, I, Dumitrescu, R, Wiegers, T & Song, Y (2002). Cross model 

shape reuse: copying and pasting of freeform features. In Kazerounian, K (Ed.), Proceedings of 

DETC'02. (pp. 1-10). New York: ASME. 

46


Wang, C, Horváth, I & Vergeest, JSM (2002). Towards the reuse of shape information in CAD. In 



Wiegers, T, Dumitrescu, R & Vergeest, JSM (2002). Determining the effectiveness of shape 

manipulations by observing designers at work. In Durling, D & Shackleton, J (Ed.), Common 

ground. (pp. 1200-1209). Stoke on trent: Staffordshire University press. 

Wiegers, T, Dumitrescu, R & Vergeest, JSM (2002). Freeform shape manipulation using contextdependent 

constraints and parameters. In Marjanovic, D (Ed.), Design 2002 - Proceedings of the 

7th international design conference. (pp. 573-578). Zagreb: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering 

and Naval Architecture. 


Vroom, RW (2002). Documentbeheersing. Optimalisatie van het aantal documenten in de 

productontwikkeling. Product, 10(4), 39. 

Horváth, I, Li, P & Vergeest, JSM (Ed(s).). (2002). TMCE 2002: tools and methods of competitive 

engineering. Wuhan: HUST Press, 991 pp. 



Jansson, J, & Vergeest, JSM (2003). Combining deformable- and rigid-body mechanics simulation 

Visual computer 19 (5), 280-290. 

Vergeest, JSM, Spanjaard, S, & Song, Y (2003). Directed mean Hausdorff distance of 

parameterized freeform shapes in 3D: a case study Visual computer 19 (7-8), 480-492. 

Vergeest, JSM, Spanjaard, S, Wang, C, & Song, Y (2003). Complex 3D feature registration using 

a marching template Journal of WSCG 11 (3), 488-495. 

Verlinden, JC, Smit, A de, Peeters, AWJ, & Gelderen, MH van (2003). Development of a flexible 

augmented prototyping system Journal of WSCG 11 (3), 496-503. 

Horváth, I (2003). Understanding the order of engineering design research Acta polytechnica; 

journal of advanced engineering 43 (3), 17-27. 

Vroom, RW, Horváth, I, & Vegte, WF van der (2003). Instruments to visualize design engineering 

information and activities in automotive supplier companies International journal of intelligent 

systems in accounting, finance & management 11 (4), 235-252. 

Horváth, I, Duhovnik, J, & Xirouchakis, P (2003). Learning the methods and the skills of global 

product realization in an academic virtual enterprise European journal of engineering education 

28 (1), 83-102. 

47



Wang, C, Vergeest, JSM, Wiegers, T, Pant, DJ van der, & Berg, TMC van der (2003). Exploring 

the influence of feature geometry on design style In NE Mastorakis, IA Stathopulos, C 

Manikopoulos, GE Antoniou, VM Mladenov & IF Gonos (Eds.), Computational methods in circuits 

and systems applications (Electrical and computer engineering series, pp. 21-28). WSEAS Press. 


Broek, JJ, Kooijman, A, Borg, K, & Tilmans, P (2003). Dynamic shaping analysis of a flexible foam 

cutting blade. In PJ Bartolo, G Mitchell & A Mateus (Eds.), Advanced research in virtual and rapid 

prototyping (pp. 385-392). Leiria: Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestao de Leiria. 

Broek, JJ, Kooijman, A, Smit, A de, & Horváth, I (2003). Shaping minimum strain energy curves 

for FF-TLOM. In s.n. (Ed.), DETC'03 (pp. 1-8). s.l.: ASME. 

Dumitrescu, R, Vergeest, JSM, & Wiegers, T (2003). Analysis of a freeform shape modelling 

process. In H Aoki (Ed.), 6th Asian design international conference Journal of the asian design 

international conference (pp. 1-8). Tsukuba: Institute of Art and Design, Univ. of Tsukuba. 

Dumitrescu, R, Lammers, JW, Dreesmann, WF, & Vergeest, JSM (2003). Development of intuitive 

CAID tools-an empirical approach. In s.n. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 6th international conference 

on human and computer (HC-2003) (pp. 263-268). Aizu-Wakamatsu-City: University of Aizu. 

Horváth, I, Tromp, N, & Daalhuizen, J (2003). Comprehending a hand motion language in shape 

conceptualization. In AA Shabana (Ed.), DETC '03 (pp. 1-15). ASME. 

Koelman, H.J., Horváth, I, & Rusak, Z (2003). Reverse engineering of ship hulls based on 

photogrammetric measurements and vague discrete interval modeling. In AD Papanikolaou (Ed.), 

IMDC 2003 (pp. 653-666). s.l.: s.n. 

Song, Y, Vergeest, JSM, Dumitrescu, R, Wiegers, T, & Wang, C (2003). Extracting freeform shape 

information by template fitting. In s.n. (Ed.), DETC'03 (pp. 1-9). New York: ASME. 

Song, Y, Vergeest, JSM, Wang, C, Wiegers, T, & Dumitrescu, R (2003). Feature based freeform 

template matching. In Y Pan, Z Lin, S Sun, G Zhu, X He & L Zhou (Eds.), CAID & CD 2003 

(pp. 449-464). China Machine Press. 

Song, Y, Vergeest, JSM, & Saakes, DP (2003). Parameter-driven freeform deformations. In 

H Hagen, M Chover & D Tost (Eds.), Eurographics 2003 (pp. 179-186). The Eurographics 

Association. 

Vergeest, JSM, Wang, C, Song, Y, & Spanjaard, S (2003). Towards new transitions among shape 

representations. In s.n. (Ed.), DETC'03 (pp. 1-8). New York: ASME. 

Verlinden, JC, Smit, A de, Horváth, I, Epema, E, & Jong, M de (2003). Time compression 

characteristics of the augmented prototyping pipeline. In R Meyer (Ed.), Euro-uRapid 2003 

(pp. 8). s.l.: s.n. 

48


Wang, C, Vergeest, JSM, Wiegers, T, & Song, Y (2003). Shape knowledge indexing using 

invariant shape code. In s.n. (Ed.), DETC'03 (pp. 1-7). New York: ASME. 

Wang, C, & Vergeest, JSM (2003). Supporting reuse in freeform shape design: a signal 

processing approach. In MH Hamza (Ed.), Proceedings of the 3rd IASTED international 

conference on visualization, imaging, and image processing. vol. 2 (pp. 750-755). IASTED. 

Wang, C, Vergeest, JSM, Bronsvoort, WF (Ch. Computer Graphics), & Vegte, WF van der (2003). 

The identity of freeform shape features. In S Andersson, M Norell, H Johannesson, L Karlsson & 

J Palmberg (Eds.), ICED 2003 (pp. 139-148). Linkoping: The Design Society. 

Wiegers, T, Dumitrescu, R, Vergeest, JSM, & Wang, C (2003). Analysis of interaction for shape 

modification during conceptual design. In J Jacko & C Stephanidis (Eds.), Human-comuter 

interaction: Theory and practice (part 1) (pp. 726-730). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 

Breemen, EJJ van, & Vroom, RW (2003). Towards balanced comprehension within C-DET, a 

toolbox for design engineers during conceptual design. In s.n. (Ed.), Techné 5th European 

academy of design conference: the design wisdom (pp. 1-6). Barcelona: Universitat de Barcelona. 

Horváth, I (2003). Design support systems: yesterday, today, tomorrow. In T Toth, P Bikfalvi & 

J Göndri Nagy (Eds.), WESIC 2003 (pp. 1-8). Miskolc: Institute of Information Science. 

Horváth, I (2003). Engineering design research: from seeing it through the eyes to seeing it with 

the mind. In s.n. (Ed.), AED 2003 (pp. 1-10). s.l.: s.n. 

Horváth, I, & Vegte, WF van der (2003). Nucleus-based product conceptualization: principles and 

formalization. In M Norell, S Andersson, H Johannesson, L Karlsson & J Palmberg (Eds.), ICED 

2003 (pp. 1-10). Linkoping: The Design Society. 

Jambak, MI, & Vergeest, JSM (2003). Framework towards contextual information handling during 

product conceptualization. In s.n. (Ed.), AED 2003 (pp. 1-8). s.l.: s.n. 

Jambak, MI, Horváth, I, Akar, E, & Vergeest, JSM (2002). Introducing nucleus as a modelling 

entity for product design. In s.n. (Ed.), Design 2002 (pp. 349-354). Zagreb: Fac. of Mech. 

Engineering and Naval Arch. 

Moes, CCM (2003). Sitting stresses inside the body. In PT McCabe (Ed.), Contemporary 

ergonomics 2003 (pp. 549-554). London: Taylor & Francis. 

Shevchenko, O, & Shevchenko, AA (2003). Model-based comparative techno-economical analysis 

of mass-production and mass-customization paradigms. In FT Piller, R Reichwald & M Tseng 

(Eds.), 2003 world congress on mass customization and personalization (MCPC 2003) (pp. 1-7). 

München: TUM. 

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designing for use. In M Norell, S Andersson, H Johannesson, L Karlsson & J Palmberg (Eds.), 

ICED 2003 (pp. 273-282). Linkoping: The Design Society. 

Vegte, WF van der, & Horváth, I (2003). Use-driven product conceptualization based on nucleus 

modeling and simulation with scenarios. In A Verbraeck & V Hlupic (Eds.), Simulation in industry 

(pp. 14-23). SCS-European Publishing House. 

49


Vroom, RW, Breemen, EJJ van, & Vegte, WF van der (2003). Developing a conceptual design 

engineering toolbox and its tools. In s.n. (Ed.), AED 2003 (pp. 1-8). Praha: Process Engineering 

Publisher. 

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McGrath & D Remenyl (Eds.), 4th European conference on knowledge management 

(pp. 937-948). Reading: MCIL. 

Ph.D. theses 

Opiyo, EZ (21-01-2003). Facilitating the development of design support software by abstract 

prototyping Delft University of Technology (206 pag.). Prom./coprom.: Horváth, I, & Vergeest, 

JSM 

Rusak, Z (09-09-2003). Vague discrete interval modeling for product conceptualization in 

collaborative virtual design environments Delft University of Technology (159 pag.). 

Prom./coprom.: Horváth, I, & Vergeest, JSM 


Vergeest, JSM (Ed.). (2003). Concurrent engineering-research and applications 11 (2). 

50



Title 


Personal energy systems 

Prof. ir. A.J.G. de Deugd 

During the last decades, electrically powered appliances have become common property of Dutch 

households. Portable appliances contribute substantially to the growth of electrically powered 

appliances. In particular in the information and communication sector and in the audio sector, 

portable products are widely available and in use. Actually, they are the fastest growing sectors 

in the booming market of electronic and digital products. For instance in the year 2000, 

worldwide about 200 million cellular phones were in use, of which about 7 million in the 

Netherlands. The global number is expected to double in the next two years. Aligned with the 

growth of these portable (or personal) products there is a steady growth of primary and 

secondary battery sales. The scientific challenge lies in understanding how the use of alternative 

energy systems can affect the life cycle performance of personal products. The results of 

research in this area can be used to develop tools and methods to assist the designer in 

translating a chosen technology into a combination of technical solutions that fits within the 

wishes of the consumer. 


Research subject 

The research is directed to the extension of knowledge of powering personal products in a no 

conventional way with respect to product life cycles and the impact of both production and use of 

products on the environment. The results are used to develop tools and methods to assist the 

designer in translating a chosen technology in a combination of technical solutions that fits within 

the wishes of the consumer An important aspect of the research is related with the fact that 

assessing the feasibility of alternative energy systems in future portable electronic products is 

hindered by the absence of data on expected energy consumption profiles of these products. This 

problem could be solved by designing a method for the prediction of energy consumption 

profiles, based on product features and scenarios on product usage. 


The research focus in the PES group has slowly shifted away from pure environmental aspects of 

alternative energy sources. The research concentrates on three types of alternative energy: 

Photovoltaics, fuel cells and human power. In the area of fuel cell system we will focus on 

manufacturing and usability. In the area of photovoltaics, the focus is on exploring technologypushed 

product design. In the area of human-powered energy systems, the focus will shift from 

environment to modeling product-user interaction. The latest project will focus on describing 

methods and tools in the field of reducing the energy consumption of consumer products. 

Plans for new collaboration and funding 

There are no specific plans for new collaboration or funding. Initiatives in this direction, aiming at 

international cooperation, are developing in a rapid pace. 

51






prof. J.A.G. de Deugd 

0.03 

prof.ir. P. de Ruwe 0.13 0.00 

Associate professors ir. A.P. Bremer 0.04 0.07 0.10 

Assistant professors ir. S.F.J. Flipsen 

ir. A.J. Jansen 

ir. M.J. Veefkind 

0.13 

0.00 

0.08 

0.10 

0.09 

0.38 

0.39 

0.19 

dr. A.H.M.E. Reinders 0.60 

Other tenured staff H. Broekhuizen 

H.J.J. Deen 

0.26 

0.13 

0.21 

0.07 



PhD students ir. R. Strijk 0.20 




In 2001, the EET project “Human powered energy systems” was finished by publishing the final 

report. The goal of the project was to describe the state of the art in human-powered energy 

systems. The project was funded by EET and carried out by TNO Industrial Technology, DUT and 

several Dutch companies. 


Jansen, AJ & Slob, P (2003). Human power: comfortable one-hand cranking. In M Norell, S 

Andersson, H Johannesson, L Karlsson & J Palmberg (Eds.), ICED 2003 (pp. 661-670). Linkoping: 

The Design Society. 






Academic publications in conference proceedings 2 3 5 

Total academic publications 2 3 5 

Monographs 1 1 2 

Ph.D. theses 


52



Monographs 

Poelman, WA, & Eekels, J. (2001). Industriele productontwikkeling: deel 3 instrumentele 

vaardigheden. : Lemma. 


Broek, JJ, Poelman, WA, & Sleijffers, W. (2001). Rapid prototyping revisited. Product 9 (mei), 

11-14. 

Flipsen, SFJ, Timmers, G., & Jansen, AJ (2001). Human powered energy systems: eindrapportage 

(project 007.10395). Delft: TNO. 

Langeveld, LH (2001). Het spuitgieten van kunststofproducten met gasinjectie:kenmerken, 

voodelen, nadelen. Kunststof en rubber, 28-31. 

Poelman, WA (2001). Beurstrends: Hannover Messe en Materials Engineering. Product 9 (4), 7-9. 

Poelman, WA (2001). De toekomstwijzer. Product 9 (4), 13-14. 

Poelman, WA (2001). Energiedichtheid vaste-stofbatterijen. Product 9 (6), 19-21. 

Poelman, WA (2001). Global design: ervaringen met de experimentele cursus global product 

realization. Product 9 (2), 32-33. 

Poelman, WA (2001). Huis-, tuin- en keukencomposieten: verslag van een bezoek aan de JEC 

composites show in Parijs. Product 9 (3), 28-29. 

Poelman, WA (2001). In de arena. Product 9 (4), 15-17 (2). 

Poelman, WA (2001). Industrieel ontwerpers en batterijen. Product 9 (Januari), 26-28. 

Poelman, WA (2001). MP3-spelers en pacemakers. Product 9 (2), 27. 

Poelman, WA (2001). Ontwerpen in een gescande omgeving. Product 9 (2), 24-25. 

Poelman, WA (2001). Optimaal ontwerpen in aluminium. Product 9 (6), 17-18. 

Poelman, WA (2001). Red Dot Award 2001. Product 9 (5), 16-17. 

Poelman, WA (2001). The soul of design: graduation show 2001. Product 9 (6), 13-15. 

53


2002 


Poelman, WA & Hoed, R van den (2002). Technology diffusion through industrial product design. 

In Horváth, I, Li, P & Vergeest, JSM (Ed.), TMCE 2002: tools and methods of competitive 


Reinders, AHME (2002). Options for photovoltaic solar energy systems in portable products. In 


engineering (poster papers). (pp. 25-37). Wuhan: HUST Press. 

Monographs 

Lewis, C, Dixon, G & Robers, KHJ (2002). Handbook NBTV. The Netherlands: NBTVA, 64 pp. 


Langeveld, LH & Kandachar, PV (2002). Hydrovormen: grote vrijheid voor productontwerpers. 

Product, 10(2), 8-10. 

Langeveld, LH & Kandachar, PV (2002). Vierkante pannenset! Product, 10(2), 16-17. 

Poelman, WA (2002). Een industrieel ontwerpen in China. Product, 10(5), 7-9. 

Poelman, WA (2002). Hannover Messe 2002. Product, 10(5), 20-21. 

Poelman, WA (2002). TMCE-conferentie in China, georganiseerd door TU Delft. Product, 10(5), 

4-6. 

Robers, KHJ (2002). Bit-reduced digital recording of NBTV. NBTV, 28(2), 7. 

Robers, KHJ (2002). Printed circuit boards for EPROM generator. NBTV, 28(1), 5-6. 

Robers, KHJ (2001). SAG in NBTV signals. NBTV, 27(2), 5. 

Robers, KHJ (2001). Simple LED driver circuit. NBTV, 27(4), 7-8. 

Ruwe, P de (06-11-2002). Men neme drie concepten (afscheidsrede). (Afscheidsrede). Delft: 

Delft University of Technology. pp 19. 

54




Jansen, AJ (2003). Engineering students and robot contests: learn life to the max!. In M Norell, 

S Andersson, H Johannesson, L Karlsson & J Palmberg (Eds.), ICED 2003 (pp. 483-492). 

Linkoping: The Design Society. 

Jansen, AJ, & Slob, P (2003). Human power: comfortable one-hand cranking. In M Norell, 

S Andersson, H Johannesson, L Karlsson & J Palmberg (Eds.), ICED 2003 (pp. 661-670). 

Linkoping: The Design Society. 

Veefkind, MJ (2003). Industrial design and pv-power, challenges and barriers. In s.n. (Ed.), ISES 

solar world congress 2003: solar energy for a sustainable future s.l.: ISES. 


Deen, HJJ, & Britstra, R (2003). Het 65ste Wereld Gieterij Congres Gietwerk Perspectief 23 (1), 

17-23. 

Flipsen, B. (2003). Alternatieve energiebronnen voor portables en wearables Product 11 (6), 2-6. 

Langeveld, LH, & Kandachar, PV (2003). Swing when you're trimming Product 11 (6), 28-29. 

55



Title 


Engineering design with new materials 

Dr. P. Kandachar 

Both reliability and durability aspects are demanding increased attention and goal during 

materials selection and product design. The number of innovative material concepts is also 

growing steadily; they offer both the challenges of novelty and new design opportunities, which 

need to be explored. Understanding the mechanical behavior of products manufactured using 

new materials is essential to meet the requirements of the technological products in the modern 

society, both from the economic and from the technological points of view. The knowledge about 

the theory and practice of designing reliable and durable products is, however, insufficiently 

developed and is not accessible for designers. In addition, the long-term environmental impact of 

the new materials and their products is largely unknown. The scientific challenge lies in 

understanding the complex mechanical behavior, implementing the numerical models in 

engineering tools and predicting the long-term behavior of products, while at the same time, 

optimizing products for minimal material consumption and environmental impact. The societal 

relevance is in developing methodologies to design products, which are reliable and durable, 

while both environmental impact and material consumption are minimized. Minimizing material 

usage also means lesser energy consumption during the life cycle of products. 



The research objectives of this project are to (a) to generate the knowledge of methodology of 

selection of (new) materials during design process, taking into consideration the technological 

factors, economical aspects, environmental impact and the user needs and (b) to develop, by 

means of experimentation & prediction, methodologies to design products, which are reliable and 

durable, while both environmental impact and material consumption are minimized 


A new PhD activity in the area of Integral Optimisation of Materials Selection during Design 

(Materialiseren in Dutch) has started in August 2003 (Ms. Ilse van Kesteren). This activity focuses 

on a part of the research activity described in the description of the sub-programme. Further, it is 

noted that there is an increasing awareness of the importance of advanced (material) 

technologies in industrial enterprises. This is evident in the type of company assignments for 

graduate students in Industrial Design Engineering. Assignments in the area of Nanotechnology, 

Space Technology, Smart Materials etc are being dealt. It appears that the motivation from is not 

only from scientific relevance, but also from the need to quickly convert the scientific research 

findings to useful products to obtain a competitive advantage. Further the need to develop 

products for a market which is largely unattended to (the so called Bottom-of-the-Pyramid 

countries) is also increasing. In all these targeted activities, engineering design with new 

materials continue to play pivotal role. While some preliminary trials in these areas have been 

attempted, these external signals need to be considered as additional motivations to continue 

with the theme selected in the sub-programme. 

56



Current new collaboration activities are: (1) a new research topic on materials selection during 

design including aspects of material personality, leading to PhD (Ms. Elvin Karana) degree is likely 

to begin in 2004. Negotiations with the Turkish Scholarship Agency is being held (2) collaboration 

with the department of Architecture, Delft University of Technology, will be started in 2004, 

leading to PhD degree of a candidate (Mr. Pablo van der Lugt) working on development of new 

and existing value-added bamboo products in Latin America meeting European demands to 

stimulate export to the European market and (3) negotiations are going on with United Nations 

Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) to fund a project to systematically create a new 

industry based on products in composite materials based on natural fibres such as Sisal, Abaca, 

Coir, Jute and other fibres. 




Full professors prof.ir. J.L. Spoormaker 0.52 0.09 

Associate professors dr. P.V. Kandachar 0.50 0.39 0.27 

Assistant professors ir. A.J. Heidweiller 

ir. R.P. Koster 

0.41 

0.19 

0.23 

0.16 

0.15 

0.19 

Other tenured staff F.H.N. den Elzen 0.70 0.65 


Non-tenured staff ir. T. van der Schoor 

dr. N. Ermolaeva 

0.82 0.74 

0.32 

0.70 

I. Skrypnyk 

0.50 

PhD students 

K. Kavelin M.Sc. 

ir. I.E.H. van Kesteren 

1.00 1.00 1.07 

0.40 

S. Gurav 

0.92 0.41 




The new PhD activity on Integral Optimisation of Materials Selection during Design bgon in 

August 2003 has already resulted in the publication of a paper entitled “Commercialization of new 

materials in consumer goods” to be presented in Futureground 2004, a fully refereed 

international conference in November 2004, at Melbourne Australia. (Ms. Van Kesteren). The 

research activities on product development with natural fibre composites has received 

international attention and recognition. The invited keynote lecture on “Opportunities for Product 

Development for Industrial Applications in Polymer Composites Reinforced with Natural Fibres” 

was the opening lecture of the 23rd Riso International Symposium on Materials Science with the 

theme " Sustainable Natural and Polymeric Composites – Science and Technology", Riso National 

Laboratory in Roskilde, Denmark, September 2002 (Dr Kandachar). The same conference also 

provided opportunity for another paper on 

57


“Estimation of elastic modulus for natural fibres reinforced polypropylene composites” (Mr. 

Kaveline). 5 papers were presented in the Annual Technical Conference (ANTEC) of the US 

Society of Plastics Engineers in 2003. 


Ermolaeva, N, Nieuwkoop, P van, Welten, JEG, Hulst, EC van der, & Kandachar, PV (2003). 

Conceptual design of a DutchEVO car body structure. In K Jarmai & J Farkas (Eds.), Metal 

structures: design, fabrication, economy (pp. 317-323). Rotterdam: Millpress. 

Gurav, SP, Bereznitski, A, Heidweiller, AJ & Kandachar, PV (2003). Mechanical properties of 

paper-pulp packaging Composites science and technology 63, 1325-1334. 









Ph.D. theses 

Professional publications and products 1 3 4 



Heidweiller, AJ, & Zwet, M.J.M. van der (2001). Load-carrying ability of polystyrene products with 

molded-in holes. Polymer engineering and science 41 (8), 1329-1336. 

Skrypnyk, I, Nykyforchyn, H, Lonyuk, B, & Bilyk, NV (2000). Percolation methods for the 

construction of curves of hydrogen-assisted corrosion of chromium-molybdenum steels. Materials 

science 35 (6), 790-795. 


Bruijn, JCM de, & Heidweiller, AJ (2001). Failure behaviour of bolted connections in glass mat 

thermoplastics. In D. Hui (Ed.), Eighth annual international conference on composites 

engineering (pp. 179-180). New Orleans: ICCE. 

Ermolaeva, N, & Spoormaker, JL (2001). Application of MARS optimization system to the optimal 

design of DutchEVO car side rocker beam. In G. Cheng (Ed.), The fourth world congress of 

structural and multidisciplinary optimization (pp. 1-6). Liaoning Electronic Press. 

58


Ermolaeva, N, Willemen, R., & Spoormaker, JL (2001). Optimal design of corrugated core 

sandwich panel. In O.M. Querin (Ed.), Proceedings of the 3rd ASMO UK/ISSMO conference on 

engineering design optimization product and process improvement (pp. 79-86). Leeds: University 

of Leeds. 

Ermolaeva, N, Willemen, R., & Spoormaker, JL (2001). Optimal design of corrugated-core 

sandwich panel in application to fast ferry passenger deck. In A.J. Gaikovich & et Al. (Eds.), The 

fourth international conference and exhibition on marine intellectual technologies, vol.1, 

September (pp. 128-132). Morintech. 

Ermolaeva, N, Kaveline, K, & Spoormaker, JL (2001). Preliminary assessment to use natural fiber 

composites in an automobile structural component. In V.G. Malinin (Ed.), 5th Likhachyov 

international seminar (pp. 8-12). Novgorod: Velikiy. 

Heidweiller, AJ (2001). The load carrying-ability of PMMA flexural specimens with blunt notches. 

In K. Ravi-Chandar & et Al. (Eds.), Proceedings of ICF10 (pp. 1-6). Pergamon. 

Koster, RP, & Heidweiller, AJ (2001). Plastics education in the Delft University Industrial Design 

Engineering curriculum. In (Ed.), proceedings of the 59th annual technical conference & 

exhibition, vol. XLVII (pp. 2960-2963). Brookfield: Society of Plastics Engineers. 

Koster, RP (2001). Status of research on design for mechanical reliability of injection molded 

plastics products. In (Ed.), Proceedings of the 59th annual technical conference & exhibition, 

vol. XLVII (pp. 3304-3308). Brookfield: Society of Plastics Engineers. 

Kovchyk, S.Ye., Boyko, V.M., Khodan, I.V., & Skrypnyk, I (2001). Estimation of dynamic stress 

intensity factors for beam and cylindrical specimens. In K. Ravi-Chandar & et Al. (Eds.), 

Proceedings of ICF10 (pp. 1-6). Pergamon. 

Skrypnyk, I, Bilyk, N., & Spoormaker, JL (2001). Description of multiple cracking in UV-degraded 

stressed polyethylene using percolation approach. In K. Ravi-Chandar & et Al. (Eds.), Proceedings 

of ICF10 (pp. 1-6). Pergamon. 

Skrypnyk, I, & Spoormaker, JL (2001). Prediction of residual deformation in clamped NORYL GTX 

plates after thermal cycles. In (Ed.), Proceedings of the 59th annual technical conference & 

exhibition (pp. 1551-1555). Brookfield: Society of Plastics Engineers. 

Spoormaker, JL, & Skrypnyk, I (2001). Application of visco-elastic models in finite element 

method programs. In V.G. Malinin (Ed.), 5th Likhachyov international seminar (pp. 3-7). 

Novgorod: Velikiy. 

Spoormaker, JL (2001). Designing of plastic products for application in a marine environment. In 

A.J. Gaikovich (Ed.), The fourth international conference and exhibition on marine intellectual 

technologies, vol. 1, September (pp. 133-137). Morintech. 

Monographs 

Skrypnyk, I (2000). The development of the methods for estimation of structural materials 

degradation and durability in aggressive environment under sustained static loading (niet eerder 

opgenomen). : Karpenko Physico-Mechanical Institute of national Academy of. 

59



Bruijn, JCM de, & Zandman, J.J. (2001). Getuigendeskundige verklaring inzake de zaak van 

Rentokil Hokatex B.V. (eiseres) en Norplast-Lamaf B.V. en Reobijn B.V. (gedaagden) 

Reg.nummer 37621/HA ZA 99-109. Eindhoven: TNO. 


Dalen, E.J. van, & Spoormaker, JL (30-03-2001). Trapauto. no. 

2002 


Beijer, JGJ & Spoormaker, JL (2002). Solution strategies for FEM analysis with nonlinear 

viscoelastic polymers. Computers & structures, 80, 1213-1229. 

Ermolaeva, N, Kaveline, K & Spoormaker, JL (2002). Materials selection combined with optimal 

structural design: concept and some results. Materials & design, 23, 459-470. 


Ermolaeva, N, Kaveline, K & Spoormaker, JL (2002). Assessment of natural fibre 

compositesapplication in an automobile structure. In Sol, H & Degrieck, J (Ed.), Composites for 

the future (ECCM-10). (pp. 1-7). 

Ermolaeva, N, Kaveline, K & Spoormaker, JL (2002). Bottom structure for DutchEVO car: 

formulation of the problem and the adjustment of the optimization system. In Marjanovic, D 

(Ed.), Design 2002 - Proceedings of the 7th international design conference. (pp. 627-634). 


Ermolaeva, N, Kaveline, K & Spoormaker, JL (2002). Optimal design of a bottom structure for 

DutchEVO car. In Gosling, P (Ed.), Proceedings of the 4th ASMO UK/ISSMO conference on 

engineering design optimization product and process improvement. (pp. 75-80). Newcastle-upon- 

Tyne: University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 

Heidweiller, AJ, Bruijn, JCM de & Riemslag, AC (sect Mechanical Properties of Materials 

(TM/MGM)) (2002). Load-carrying ability of bolted connections in glass mat thermoplastics. In -- 

(Ed.), ANTEC 2002: proceedings of the 60th annual technical conference & exhibition. (pp. 1-4). 

Brookfield: Society of Plastics Engineers. 

Heidweiller, AJ & Sparenburg, F (2002). Design of an integrated crash energy absorber for 

compression molded bumper beams. In -- (Ed.), ANTEC 2002: proceedings of the 60th annual 

technical conference & exhibition. (pp. 1-5). Brookfield: Society of Plastics Engineers. 

60


Kandachar, PV & Brouwer, WD (Ch. Production Technology) (2002). Applications of biocomposites 

in industrial products. In Wallenberger, FT, Weston, NE, Ford, R, Wool, RP & Chawla, 

K (Ed.), Advanced fibers, plastics, laminates and composites. (pp. 101-112). Warrendale, USA: 

Materials Research Society. 

Kandachar, PV (2002). Opportunities for product development for industrial applications in 

polymers reinforced with natural fibers. In Lilholt, H, Madsen, B, Toftegaard, HL, Cendre, E, 

Megnis, M, Mikkelsen, LP & Sorensen, BF (Ed.), Sustainable natural and polymeric composites - 

science and technology. (pp. 15-33). Roskilde: Riso National Laboratory. 

Kandachar, PV (2002). Selection & assessment of ecomaterials for Delft University experimental 

car. In Yamamoto, R (Ed.), Proceedings of the fifth international conference on ecobalance - 

Practical thought and thoufhtful principles for sustainability. (pp. 861-864). Tsukuba. 

Kaveline, K, Ermolaeva, N & Kandachar, PV (2002). Estimation of elastic modulus for natural 

fibres reinforced polypropylene composites. In Lilholt, H, Madsen, B, Toftegaard, HL, Cendre, E, 

Megnis, M, Mikkelsen, LP & Sorensen, BF (Ed.), Sustainable natural and polymeric composites - 

science and technology. (pp. 1-10). Roskilde: Riso National Laboratory. 

Kaveline, K, Spoormaker, JL & Kandachar, PV (2002). Flax fiber reinforced polymer mechanical 

properties investigation. In Sol, H & Degrieck, J (Ed.), Composites for the future (ECCM-10). 

(pp. 1-6). 

Kaveline, K, Skrypnyk, I & Kandachar, PV (2002). The stochastic modeling of the properties of 

composite materials based on renewable resources with random distributed reinforcement. In 

Atluri, SN & Pepper, DW (Ed.), Advances in computational engineering & sciences (ICES'02). 

(pp. 1-6). Tech Science Press. 

Koster, RP (2002). Investigation of applicability of two biodegradable polymers for mechanical 

applications. In -- (Ed.), ANTEC 2002: proceedings of the 60th annual technical conference & 

exhibition, volume XLVIII. (pp. 3014-3018). Brookfield: Society of Plastics Engineers. 

Koster, RP (2002). Usefulness of numerical injection molding simulation results for prediction of 

mechanical behavior of plastics components. In -- (Ed.), ANTEC 2002: proceedings of the 60th 

annual conference & exhibition, volume XLVIII. (pp. 2987-2991). Brookfield: Society of Plastics 

Engineers. 

Spoormaker, JL, Skrypnyk, I & Kaveline, K (2002). Redesign of a polycarbonate spring in a 

positioning device. In Horváth, I, Li, P & Vergeest, JSM (Ed.), TMCE 2002: tools and methods of 


Spoormaker, JL, Skrypnyk, I & Kaveline, K (2002). Failure analysis and redesign of a 

polycarbonate spring. In -- (Ed.), ANTEC 2002: proceedings of the 60th annual technical 

conference & exhibition. (pp. 1-4). Brookfield: Society of Plastics Engineers. 

Spoormaker, JL & Heidweiller, AJ (2002). Failures due to stress concentrations. In -- (Ed.), 

ANTEC 2002: proceedings of the 60th annual technical conference & exhibition. (pp. 1-4). 

Brookfield: Society of Plastics Engineers. 

Spoormaker, JL & Ermolaeva, N (2002). Reliable snap-fit connections. In -- (Ed.), ANTEC 2002: 

proceedings of the 60th annual technical conference & exhibition, volume XLVIII. 

(pp. 3093-3097). Brookfield: Society of Plastics Engineers. 

61


Spoormaker, JL (2002). Ten essential pictures for understanding the mechanical behaviour of 

plastics. In -- (Ed.), ANTEC 2002: proceedings of the 60th annual technical conference & 

exhibition. (pp. 1-5). Brookfield: Society of Plastics Engineers. 

Vasilkeyvsky, T, Skrypnyk, I & Spoormaker, JL (2002). Optimisation of plastic boxes aacounting 

for visco-elasticity. In -- (Ed.), ANTEC 2002: proceedings of the 60th annual technical conference 

& exhibition. (pp. 1-5). Brookfield: Society of Plastics Engineers. 


Langeveld, LH & Kandachar, PV (2002). Hydrovormen: grote vrijheid voor productontwerpers. 

Product, 10(2), 8-10. 

Langeveld, LH & Kandachar, PV (2002). Vierkante pannenset! Product, 10(2), 16-17. 

Spoormaker, JL (2002). Aansprakelijkheid voor kunststofproducten. Kunststof en rubber, 8-11. 



Gurav, SP, Bereznitski, A, Heidweiller, AJ, & Kandachar, PV (2003). Mechanical properties of 

paper-pulp packaging Composites science and technology 63, 1325-1334. 

Ludden, G.D.S., Kesteren, IEH van, Saakes, DP, & Sonneveld, MH (2003). Het ontwerpen van 

kunststof consumentenprodukten; van technisch functioneren tot belevenswaardig Kunststof en 

rubber 56 (12), 16-18. 


Ermolaeva, N, Nieuwkoop, P van (Ch. Aircraft Materials), Welten, JEG (Ch. Aircraft Materials), 

Hulst, EC van der, & Kandachar, PV (2003). Conceptual design of a DutchEVO car body structure. 

In K Jarmai & J Farkas (Eds.), Metal structures: design, fabrication, economy (pp. 317-323). 

Rotterdam: Millpress. 

Ermolaeva, N, & Kandachar, PV (2003). Evaluation of al-foam sandwiches application to the 

bottom structure of a concept car. In SK Das (Ed.), Aluminium 2003 (pp. 77-86). s.l.: s.n.. 

Kaveline, K, Ermolaeva, N, & Kandachar, PV (2003). Investigation of stochastic properties of the 

natural fiber mats. In M Quaresimin (Ed.), 6th international seminar on experimental techniques 

and design in composite materials (pp. 1-7). s.l.: s.n.. 

Kaveline, K, Ermolaeva, N, & Kandachar, PV (2003). Numerical modelling of properties for 

sustainable development of products in natural fibre composites. In T Peijs & S Goutianos (Eds.), 

EcoComp 2003: an international conference on Eco-Composites (pp. 1-7). s.l.: s.n.. 

Kaveline, K, Skrypnyk, I, Ermolaeva, N, & Kandachar, PV (2003). The simulation of the 

heterogeneity in properties of composite materials with randomly distributed reinforcement. In 

SA Paipetis (Ed.), Advances in composite technology (pp. 1-7). s.l.: s.n.. 

62


Koster, RP (2003). Prediction of mechanical properties of injection molded plastics components: a 

systems approach. In s.n. (Ed.), ANTEC 2003 (pp. 2868-2872). Brookfield: Society of Plastics 

Engineers. 

Spoormaker, JL, & Skrypnyk, I (2003). Designing of reliable plastic products. In DO Carpenter 

(Ed.), Quality of polymer materials and products: innovations, certification and control 

(pp. 133-139). s.l.: s.n.. 

Spoormaker, JL (2003). Educating industrial design engineers in failure awareness. In s.n. (Ed.), 

ANTEC 2003 (pp. 3075-3078). Brookfield: Society of Plastic Engineers. 

Spoormaker, JL, & Kandachar, PV (2003). From Russia with respect. In s.n. (Ed.), ANTEC 2003 

(pp. 2664-2668). Brookfield: Society of Plastic Engineers. 

Spoormaker, JL (2003). How to present expert witness to court. In s.n. (Ed.), ANTEC 2003 


Spoormaker, JL, & Kaveline, K (2003). Modeling of the scatter in the mechanical properties of flax 

fiber composites. In s.n. (Ed.), ANTEC 2003 (pp. 2110-2113). Brookfield: Society of Plastic 

Engineers. 

Ermolaeva, N, & Kandachar, PV (2003). Structural optimization in assistance to materials 

selection. In (Ed.), Proceedings of the 5th world congress of structural and multidisplinary 

optimization (pp. 1-2). 

Spoormaker, JL (2003). Deformational behavior of a plastic guidance strip. In (Ed.), ANTEC 2003 



Moret, M, & Bruijn, JCM de (27-08-2003). Dispositif de verrouillage/deverrouillage du couvercle 

dún conteneur a dechets no 03292113.2-2308. 

63



Title 


Design for sustainability 

Prof. dr. ir. J.C. Brezet 

The worldwide-accepted need for sustainable development implies that and goal mass 

consumption goods and their functional contexts should be characterized by continuously 

improving environmental, economic and social-cultural values. Therefore, the exploration, 

description, understanding and prediction of problems and opportunities to innovate and design 

products and product-systems with superior quality with respect to sustainable development 

values (ecodesign) is the central question of the program. The envisaged research activity 

comprises the systematic development, testing and international diffusion of methods and tools 

for the design of artifacts with superior life cycle eco-efficiency and –effectiveness (via intelligent 

materials and energy applications, via integration of emerging product-technologies and via 

financial-economic optimization). Particularly, the research focus is on modeling, actual 

application and demonstration for mobile electronic and new mobility – including automotiveproducts, 

departing form a human centered design perspective. In addition, the programme 

focuses on the business aspects of ecodesign, based on current reality and expected 

developments in the near future. Here, environmental aspects of products and processes are 

analysed in relation to traditional business factors like financial (omnipresent), legislative (end-oflife, 

toxicity), quality (environmental value and performance) and marketing (competitor analysis, 

benchmarking, consumer research) aspects. 



A. Methodology and tool development of life-cycle eco-efficiency and effectiveness. In this project 

the specific objective is - on basis of real-life experiments in interaction with the most important 

stakeholders - to develop world standard methodologies and tools for life-cycle eco-efficient and 

effective products and product-systems. 

B. Diffusion and Operationalization of Industrial EcoDesign. This project is concerned with the 

implementation and operationalisation of ecodesign in original equipment 

manufacturing companies. The objective is to research this from both an applied, prescriptive 

angle as well as more holistic, explanatory/descriptive one, in order to bridge the evident gap 

between ‘theory’ and ‘practice’ in this field. 

C. Sustainable product-system and industrial processes design. In this project the specific 

objective is the development of methodologies for the design of radical, new sustainable 

product-systems and industrial processes. 


This project originally started with its main focus on tools and guidelines for industrial design 

engineers in the environmentally oriented redesign of existing products. Although still important, 

in today’s program more attention is given to the other elements of sustainable development, the 

business and social aspects. Also the emergence of new energy sources and materials stimulate 

sustainable product innovation beyond redesign and beyond mere greening. New product- 

64


concepts are being developed and tested, including services within the Product Realization Lab as 

a part of the Delft Design Institute. 


Right from the start of the project (since 1992) the necessity of cooperation with industry and 

government has gotten a high priority. Cooperation with industry not only means working 

together with some of the leading product-companies in the world, like Toyota, Shell and Philips, 

as well as with several innovative Dutch SME’s, but also the creation of start-ups and new 

ventures from TU Delft-DfS graduate students, building their businesses on these new productconcepts. 

In order to stimulate this trend even further, the activities of the “Product Realization 

Lab” will be enhanced, aiming at prototyping, small-scale production and user testing of new, 

sustainable product-concepts. This strategy is according to the new financial directives of the 

Faculty. 






prof.dr.ir. J.C. Brezet 

prof.dr.ir. A.L.N. Stevels 

prof.dr.ir. Ph.J. Vergragt 

dr.ir. J.A.M. Remmerswaal 

dr.ir. S. Silvester 

ir. J.C. Diehl 

dr. C.B. Boks 


0.50 0.50 0.50 

0.20 0.20 0.10 

0.15 0.12 

0.20 0.20 0.10 

0.60 

0.60 

0.60 

0.60 

0.60 

0.60 

0.50 

0.50 

0.50 



Non-tenured staff ir. J.M.C. Knot 0.80 0.30 0.40 

PhD students 

B. Goncalves Castro M.Sc. 

ir. J. Huisman 

O. Pascual M.Sc. 

L. Berchicci M.Sc. 

ir. S.C. Hallenga-Brink 

ir. R. van den Hoed 

ir. S.Y. Kan 

1.00 

1.00 

1.00 

0.50 

0.40 

1.00 

1.00 

0.10 

1.00 

1.00 

0.00 

1.00 

0.80 

0.90 

0.90 

0.90 

0.70 

0.70 

drs. M. Crul 

C.N. van Nes 

0.40 

0.50 1.00 


External PhD students and post-docs: 

drs. M. Crul 

ing. J. van de Velde 

ir. W. Poelman 

dr. M.H. Nagel 

C. Rocha M.Sc. dipl.ing. H. Pötter 

ir. J.P. Rombouts 

S.K. Beella M.Sc. 

65




• Crul, MRM (20-10-2003). Ecodesign in Central America. Delft University of Technology, 

345 pp. ((Co-) promoter: Prof.dr.ir. JC Brezet & Prof.dr.ir. NG Röling). 

This knowledge developed in this project forms in important input for the research being 

done for the United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP). The UNEP-research will 

deliver the basic materials for the PhD. project of Diehl. 

• Huisman, J, Boks, CB & Stevels, ALN (2003). Quotes for environmentally weighted 

recyclability (QWERTY): concept of describing product recyclability in terms of 

environmental value. International journal of production research, 41(16), 3649-3665. 

The PhD-project of Huisman already had a spin-off in scientific journal publications but 

also in follow-up research project subsidized by industry and national government. The 

interest from the leading international industry is growing in the follow-up research on 

recyclability being done within the DfS-program. 

• Hoed, R. van den, (17-05-2004). Driving Fuel Cell Vehicles, Delft University of 

Technology, 311 pp. ((Co-)promoter: Prof.dr.ir. JC Brezet & Prof.dr. Ph.J. Vergragt). 

The presentation and defense of this these has attracted a lot of attention of the national 

and international press. 

• The DfS-program was successful in applying for funding for the SYN-Energy-program on 

the application of photovoltaic (PV) cell – energy storage combinations as power sources 

in consumer and professional products at both outdoor and indoor utilizations. The 

program is funded by the NWO Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research and is in 

cooperation with the University of Utrecht, University of Twente and the Energy Research 

Centre. 


Crul, MRM (20-10-2003). Ecodesign in Central America Delft University of Technology (345 pag.). 

internal doctoral thesis. Prom./coprom.: Brezet, JC, & Röling, NG 

Huisman, J, Boks, CB, & Stevels, ALN (2003). Quotes for environmentally weighted recyclability 

(QWERTY): concept of describing product recyclability in terms of environmental value 

International journal of production research 41 (16), 3649-3665. 

Hoed, R van den (2004). Driving fuel cell vehicles. How established industries react to radical 

technologies, internal doctoral thesis. 

66










Ph.D. theses 2 3 2 7 




Bras-Klapwijk, R.M., & Knot, JMC (2001). Strategic environmental assessment for sustainable 

households in 2050: illustrated for clothing. Sustainable Development 9, 109-118. 

Knot, JMC, Ende, J.C.M. van den, & Vergragt, PJ (2001). Flexibility strategies for sustainable 

technology development. Technovation 21, 335-343. 

Mulder, K., & Knot, JMC (2001). PVC plastic: a history of systems development and 

entrenchment. Technology in society 23 (2), 265-286. 

Quist, J.N., Knot, JMC, Young, W, Green, K, & Vergragt, PJ (2001). Strategies towards 

sustainable households using stakeholder workshops and scenarios. International Journal of 

Sustainable Development 4 (1), 75-89. 

Quist, J.N., Knot, JMC, Vergragt, PJ, & et Al., ? (2001). Strategies towards sustainable households 

using stakeholder workshops and scenarios. International Journal of Sustainable Development 4 

(1), 75-89. 

Roorda, N (2001). Backcasting the future. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher 

Education 2 (1), 63-69. 

Vogtlander, JG, Brezet, HC, & Hendriks, CF (2001). (CT /C); CT /MCthodology, the virtual ecocosts'99. 

International journal of life cycle assessment 3 (6), 157-166. 

Vogtlander, JG, Brezet, HC, & Hendriks, CF (2001). Allocation in recycling systems. International 

journal of life cycle assessment 6 (6), 344-355. 


Brezet, JC, & Rocha, C. (2001). Towards a model for product-oriented environmental 

management systems. In J. Charter & U. Tischner (Eds.), Sustainable solutions: developing 

products and services for the future (pp. 243-262). Sheffield: Greenleaf Publishing. 

67


Cramer, J.C., & Stevels, ALN (2001). The unpredictable process of implementing eco-efficiency 

strategies. In M. Charter & U. Tischner (Eds.), Sustainable solutions: developing products and 

services for the future (pp. 326-339). Sheffield: Greenleaf. 

Hemel, C.G. van (2001). What sustainable solutions do small and medium-sized enterprises 

prefer? In M. Charter & U. Tischner (Eds.), Sustainable solutions: developing products and 

services for the future (pp. 188-202). Sheffield: Greenleaf Publishing. 

Stevels, ALN (2001). Application of ecodesign in the electronics industry. In M.S. Hundal (Ed.), 

Mechanical life cycle handbook: good environmental design and manufacturing (pp. 461-484). 

New York, NY, USA: Dekker. 

Stevels, ALN, & Boks, CB (2001). Design for end-of-life strategies and their implementation. In 

M.S. Hundal (Ed.), Mechanical life cycle handbook: good environmental design and 

manufacturing (pp. 555-581). New York, NY, USA: Dekker. 

Stevels, ALN (2001). Integration of ecodesign into business. In M.S. Hundal (Ed.), Mechanical life 

cycle handbook: good environmental design and manufacturing (pp. 583-603). New York, NY, 

USA: Dekker. 


Bijma, A.S., Stutz, M., & Silvester, S (2001). Developing eco-efficient product-service 

combinations. In (Ed.), Towards sustainable product design 6th international conference 

(pp. 239-245). Surrey, UK: Centre for Sustainable Design. 

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National Institute of Design. 

Monographs 

Hendriks, CF, Bohemen, HD van, Dorsthorst, BJH te, Dijkstra, A (OTB Research Institute), 

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Vogtlander, JG & Hendriks, CF (2002). The eco-costs/value ratio (EVR). Boxtel: Aeneas, 336 pp. 

Ph.D. theses 

Boks, CB (15-04-2002). The relative importance of uncertainty factors in product end-of-life 

scenarios: a quantification of future developments in design, economy, technology and policy. 

Delft University of Technology, 322 pp. ((Co-)promot.: Prof.dr.ir. ALN Stevels). 

Klooster, R ten (30-09-2002). Packaging design: a methodological development and simulation of 

the design process. Delft University of Technology, 277 pp. ((Co-)promot.: Prof.dr.ir. JC Brezet & 

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Partidario, PJ (09-12-2002). "What-if": from path dependency to path creation in a coatings chain 

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551 pp. ((Co-)promot.: Prof.dr. PJ Vergragt). 


Bakker-Boone, M, Silvester, S & Vries, G de (2002). Grootste zonne-energieproject in gebouwde 

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Nagel, MH (2002). Milieukwaliteit in productieprocessen: een nieuwe wijze van ondernemen. 

SIGMA: Tijdschrift voor excellent ondernemen, 46(2), 20-25. 

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Crul, MRM & Diehl, JC (2002). Product innovation for cleaner production: technical report, 

assessment of needs and exploration of modalities for introducing and enhancing local capacities 

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Diehl, JC (2002). Product innovation in the construction materials sector in Lao PDR: report on 

the potential for mobilizing structural support on product innovation for industries in construction 

materials in Lao PDR. Delft: Delft University of Technology Industrial Design Engineering, 35 pp. 

Quist, JN (Sect. Technolgy Assessment) & Vergragt, PJ (2001). Multiple sustainable land use: 

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Kan, SY (18-02-2002). Aandrijfsysteem voor een gereedschap of vehikel. no 1015374. 



Castro, MBG, Remmerswaal, JAM, & Reuter, MA (2003). Life cycle impact assessment of the 

average passenger vehicle in The Netherlands International journal of life cycle assessment 8 (5), 

297-304. 

Rombouts, JP (2001). Sustainable product research network: case-based environmental product 

assessment transformation Journal of sustainable product design 1 (1), 61. 

Nagel, MH (2003). Managing the environmental performance of production facilities in the 

electronics industry: more than application of the concept of cleaner production Journal of 

Cleaner Production 11 (1), 11-26. 

Huisman, J, Boks, CB, & Stevels, ALN (2003). Quotes for environmentally weighted recyclability 

(QWERTY): concept of describing product recyclability in terms of environmental value 


Boks, CB, & Stevels, ALN (2003). Theory and practice of environmental benchmarking in a major 

consumer electronics company Benchmarking - an international journal 10 (2), 120-135. 

Stevels, ALN (2001). Teaching modules on eco-design for competitive advantage Journal of 

sustainable product design 1 (4), 273-282. 

Brown, HS, Vergragt, PJ, Green, K, & Berchicci, L (2003). Learning for sustainability transition 

through bounded socio-technical experiments in personal mobility Technology analysis & strategic 

management 15 (3), 292-315. 

79



Christiaans, HHCM, & Diehl, JC (2003). Knowledge transfer from university to industry. In JC 

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Diehl, JC, & Christiaans, HHCM (2003). Comparative study on the implementation of IDE in 

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Diehl, JC, & Mestre, A (2003). Directions for the integration of renewable energy applications into 

product design. In E Corte-Real, CAM Duarte & F Carvalho Rodrigues (Eds.), Senses and 

sensibility in technology: linking tradition to innovation through design (pp. 236-242). Lisbon: 

IADE. 

Diehl, JC, & Brezet, JC (2003). Ecodesign methodology, tools and knowledge transfer. In E Corte- 

Real, CAM Duarte & F Carvalho Rodrigues (Eds.), Senses and sensibility in technology: linking 

tradition to innovation through design (pp. 142-147). Lisbon: IADE. 

Diehl, JC, & Mestre, A (2003). Go to sustainable design: a new sustainable design knowledge 

network & forum. In s.n. (Ed.), User design (pp. 1-7). Lisboa: Centro Portugues de Design. 

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network & forum. In s.n. (Ed.), 6th ADC Journal of the asian design international conference 

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Diehl, JC, & Christiaans, HHCM (2003). Product innovation for cleaner production (eco-design) in 

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Kan, SY (2003). PV powered mobility and mobile/wireless product design. In s.n. (Ed.), ISES 

2003: solar energy for a sustainable future (pp. 1-7). s.l.: ISES. 

Mestre, A, Diehl, JC, Parra, P, & Berchicci, L (2003). Design for sustainable urban mobility. In s.n. 

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Mestre, A, & Diehl, JC (2003). Go to sustainable design: a new sustainable design knowledge 

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Lisbon: IADE. 

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sustainable eating out through innovation, behavioural changes and system changes. In M 

Charter (Ed.), Sustainable innovation 03: creating sustainable products, services and productservice-system 

(pp. 1-13). Farnham: Centre for Sustainable Design. 

Reuter, MA, Castro, MBG, Schaik, A van, Boin, UMF, & Remmerswaal, JAM (2003). Modelling the 

relationship between constructive choices in design and resource efficiency. In s.n. (Ed.), 

Proceedings of the international automobile recycling conference (pp. 1-25). s.l.: s.n.. 

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Schaik, A van, Reuter, MA, Castro, B, & Remmerswaal, JAM (2003). The role of product design 

and liberation in the optimisation of recycling passenger vehicles. In L Lorenzen & DJ Bradshaw 

(Eds.), XXII international mineral processing congress (pp. 1768-1777). s.l.: s.n.. 

Boks, CB (2003). How research institutions can contribute towards research progress in true 

operationalisation of ecodesign. In M Hauchild, L Alting, C Molin & C Poll (Eds.), Engineering for 

sustainable development-an obligatory skill of the future engineer (pp. 222-233). Lyngby: 

Technical University of Denmark. 

Boks, CB, Stevels, ALN, Houten, M. ten, & Thijsse, M (2003). Opportunities for innovative ecoefficient 

(bulk) packaging for consumer electronics products. In s.n. (Ed.), Proceedings of 

EcoDesign2003: 3rd international symposium on environmentally conscious design and inverse 

manufacturing (pp. 583-588). Piscataway: IEEE. 

Carlier, T, Stevels, ALN, Duncan, S, Bras, B, & Boks, CB (2003). Environmental benchmarking of 

medium-sized TVs sold in North America, Europe and Asia(China). In s.n. (Ed.), Proceedings of 

the 2003 IEEE international symposium on electronics and the environment (pp. 358-364). 

Piscataway: IEEE. 

Huisman, J, & Stevels, ALN (2003). Balancing design strategies and end-of-life processing. In s.n. 

(Ed.), Proceedings of EcoDesign2003: 3rd international symposium on environmentally conscious 

design and inverse manufacturing (pp. 40-47). Piscataway: IEEE. 

Huisman, J, & Stevels, ALN (2003). Eco-efficiency of take-back and recycling, a comprehensive 

approach. In s.n. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE international symposium on electronics and 

the environment (pp. 265-270). Piscataway: IEEE. 

Nagel, MH, & Stevels, ALN (2003). Design for environment in the electronics industry, possibilities 

and limitations:a discussion and evaluation of product metrics. In s.n. (Ed.), Proceedings of 

EcoDesign2003: 3rd international symposium on environmentally conscious design and inverse 

manufacturing (pp. 308-313). Piscataway: IEEE. 

Pascual, O, Boks, CB, & Stevels, ALN (2003). Communicating Eco-efficiency in industrial contexts: 

framework for understanding the (lack) of success and applicability of Eco-Design. In s.n. (Ed.), 

Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE international symposium on electronics and the environment 


Pascual, O, Boks, CB, & Stevels, ALN (2003). Electronics ecodesign research empirically studied. 

In s.n. (Ed.), Proceedings of EcoDesign2003: 3rd international symposium on environmentally 

conscious design and inverse manufacturing (pp. 89-94). Piscataway: IEEE. 

Pascual, O, Stevels, ALN, & Boks, CB (2003). Measuring implementation and performance of 

ecodesign in the electronics sector. In s.n. (Ed.), Proceedings of EcoDesign2003: 3rd 



Pötter, H, Griese, H, Müller, J, Stobbe, L, Reichl, H, & Rick, K (2003). Chances and risks of new 

information and communication technologies for a global sustainable development. In s.n. (Ed.), 

Proceedings of the Mobile health and the environment conference s.l.: s.n.. 

Pötter, H, Griese, H, Müller, J, Stobbe, L, Reichl, H, & Stobbe, I (2003). Eco-Design- Chancen und 

Herausforderungen ökoeffizienter Elektronik. In s.n. (Ed.), EU-Elektro-Recycling, Anforderungen- 

Lösungswege (pp. 1-8). Nürnberg: Bayern Innovativ. 

81


Sherwin, C, Smit, E, & Stevels, ALN (2003). Sustainable innovation..powered by people. In M 

Charter (Ed.), Sustainable innovation 03: creating sustainble products, services and productservice-system 

Farnham: The Centre for Sustainable Design. 

Smeels, E, & Stevels, ALN (2003). Influencing product lifetime through product design. In s.n. 

(Ed.), Proceedings of EcoDesign2003: 3rd international symposium on environmentally conscious 

design and inverse manufacturing (pp. 267-271). Piscataway: IEEE. 

Stevels, ALN, & Huisman, J (2003). An industry vision on the implementation of WEEE and RoHS. 

In s.n. (Ed.), Proceedings of EcoDesign2003: 3rd international symposium on environmentally 

conscious design and inverse manufacturing (pp. 9-16). Piscataway: IEEE. 

Stevels, ALN (2003). Environmental competence and ecodesign for consumer electronics. In s.n. 

(Ed.), CIWM 2003 (pp. 1-4). Northampton: CIWM. 

Stevels, ALN, & Boks, CB (2003). ISO 14062: a practical approach for embedding ecodesign into 

the business. In M Hauchild, L Alting, C Molin & C Poll (Eds.), Engineering for sustainable 

development-an obligatory skill of the future engineer (pp. 234-238). Lyngby: Technical 

University of Denmark. 

Stevels, ALN (2003). Is the WEEE directive ecoefficient. In s.n. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 2003 

IEEE international symposium on electronics and the environment (pp. 7-12). Piscataway: IEEE. 

Stevels, ALN (2003). Take back and recyling of consumer electronics at work in the Netherlands. 

In s.n. (Ed.), Metals and energy recovery: international symposium in Northern Sweden 

illustrating integrated resource and waste management s.l.: s.n.. 

Stevels, ALN (2003). Towards an operationalization of the proposed European Directive on 

EcoDesign (Design for Environment) of electronic end use products (EuP). In s.n. (Ed.), 

Proceedings of EcoDesign2003: 3rd international symposium on environmentally conscious design 

and inverse manufacturing (pp. 185-191). Piscataway: IEEE. 

Stevels, ALN (2003). Is the WEEE Directive Ecoefficient. In s.n. (Ed.), IERC 2003 (pp. 1-15). 

Muri: ICM. 

Beella, SK, Brezet, JC, & Diehl, JC (2003). Innovation, sustainability and quality of life of New 

Delhi. In s.n. (Ed.), Knowledge and economic and social change: new challenges to innovation 

studies (pp. 1-13). s.l: s.n.. 

Berchicci, L, & Silvester, S (2003). Mapping networks in innovation process. In s.n. (Ed.), 

Knowledge and economic and social change: new challenges to innovation studies (pp. 1-16). s.l: 

s.n.. 

Berchicci, L, Brezet, JC, & Silvester, S (2003). The role of entrepreneurship in sustainable mobility 

innovation. In M Charter (Ed.), Sustainable innovation 03: creating sustainable products, services 

and product-service-system (pp. 1-8). Farnham: The Centre for Sustainable Design. 

Hallenga-Brink, S, & Brezet, JC (2003). Micro-sized entrepreneurship in sustainable tourism: 

resource dependent or institutional dependent?. In s.n. (Ed.), Innovating for sustainability 

(pp. 1-13). s.l.: s.n.. 

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Hoed, R van den, & Hekkert, M (2003). Competing technologies and the struggle towards a new 

dominant design: the emergence of the hybrid vehicle at the expense of the fuel cell vehicle. In 

s.n. (Ed.), Innovating for sustainability (pp. 1-27). s.l.: s.n.. 

Hoed, R van den, & Brezet, JC (2003). Incumbent's curse in the automotive industry?: prospects 

for fuel cell vehicles from the automotive industry perspective. In M Charter (Ed.), Sustainable 

innovation 03: creating sustainable products, services and product-service-system (pp. 1-11). 

Farnham: Centre for Sustainable Design. 

Hoed, R van den, & Vergragt, PJ (2003). Institutional change in the automotive industry: or how 

fuel cell technology is being institutionalized. In s.n. (Ed.), Innovating for sustainability 

(pp. 1-23). s.l.: s.n.. 

Hoed, R van den, & Vergragt, PJ (2003). Technological shifts and industry reaction: shifts in fuel 

preference for the fuel cell vehicle in the automotive industry. In s.n. (Ed.), Knowledge and 

economic and social change: new challenges to innovation studies (pp. 1-21). s.l: s.n.. 

Ph.D. theses 

Crul, MRM (20-10-2003). Ecodesign in Central America Delft University of Technology (345 pag.). 

Prom./coprom.: Brezet, JC, & Röling, NG 

Huisman, J (20-06-2003). The QWERTY/EE concept: quantifying recyclability and eco-efficiency 

for end-of-life treatment of consumer electronic products Delft University of Technology 

(347 pag.). (Delft: Delft University of Technology). Prom./coprom.: Stevels, ALN 


Remmerswaal, JAM (2003). LCA van DutchEVO, een lichtgewicht auto In RM Bras-Klapwijk, 

R Heijungs & P van Mourik (Eds.), Levenscyclusanalyse voor onderzoekers, ontwerpers en 

beleidsmakers (pp. 146-153). Delft: DUP Blue Print. 

Remmerswaal, JAM (2003). Levenscyclusanalyse van het ontwerpen In RM Bras-Klapwijk, 

R Heijungs & P van Mourik (Eds.), Levenscyclusanalyse voor onderzoekers, ontwerpers en 

beleidsmakers (pp. 102-126). Delft: DUP Blue Print. 

Christiaans, HHCM (Ed.). (2003). Industrial design engineering for competitive product 

development Delft: UDSM/DUT. 

Diehl, JC (Ed.). (2003). Industrial design engineering for competitive product development Delft: 

UDSM/DUT. 

Remmerswaal, JAM (2003). Eco-design in perspectief: waarom doen we eigenlijk aan ecodesign?. 

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s.n.. 

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O2 Magazine 10 (3), 28-36. 

83



Kan, SY (19-02-2002). Batterij en werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een dergelijke batterij no 

1015956. 

84



Title 


Usage evaluation 

Drs. H. Kanis 

Actual usage is the arena for the success of new designs as effective, and goal efficient and 

satisfactory products in supporting, protecting, replacing and extending all kinds of human 

activities. In fact, designers are often surprised by the actual usage of newly designed products. 

Even worse is that in many cases the surprise is unwelcome because unanticipated users’ 

operations deteriorate designed functionalities or may lead to accidents. The difficulty for 

designers is that activities of users – e.g., their individual perceptions, cognitions and use actions 

– tend to be highly unpredictable within the boundaries set by sensory, brain and motor 

capacities of human beings. The envisaged research aims at supporting designers to anticipate 

future usage in three ways. 1) More insight will be gained into the way people, as users, attribute 

meanings to featural and functional characteristics of products. 2) It is recognized that generic 

insights will never specify the situatedness of actual usage in context. Hence, anticipative 

methods have to be developed, including the use of early models and the application of 

techniques involving self-reports. 3) Uncertainty about future usage may be partly neutralized by 

transforming the actual users’ behavior to a source of inspiration for new product development. 

This approach should shed light on the possibilities of "usage-driven innovation". 

The scientific challenges of the subprogramme are to integrate observational research in design 

processes, both as an effective and efficient tool as well as a methodology that is fully 

respectable in terms of scientific credibility. 



The research is concerned with generic principles of behavior of users in operating everyday 

products, and with the study of anticipative methods that account for the situatedness of userproduct 

interaction in context. Usage as a source of inspiration for new designs is investigated as 

well. 


Currently, no changes have been envisioned. However, after the appointment of the new 

professor, the research focus will be reconsidered in the near future, including the further 

integration of the subprogrammes Usage Evaluation and Dynamic Anthropometry. 


At the moment, pilot projects are being carried out, which may result into more substantial 

projects. Further contacts with the industry are to be initiated under the supervision of the new 

professor. 

85








prof.ir. D.J. van Eijk 

(since August 2004) 

drs. H. Kanis 

0.10 0.30 

dr. H.H.C.M. Christiaans 0.10 0.15 

dr. S.U. Böss 

dr.ir. A.M. de Jong 

dr.ir. M.J. Rooden 0.25 0.30 

0.25 

0.10 

0.15 

0.15 

0.15 




PhD students 

drs. F.H. van Duijne 

0.80 1.00 0.85 

ir. T.F.J.M. Verheijen 0.20 




• PhD thesis Design models for anticipating future usage, M.J. Rooden. 

This study explored how design models, such as drawings, foam models and computer 

simulations, can assist designers in anticipating future usage. A state of non-functioning 

appears to be the most relevant limitation of design models for observing ‘natural’ usage. 

Practitioners’ expertise in terms of empathy and sensitivity turned out to be more 

important for the anticipation of usability problems than ‘hard’ ergonomics knowledge. 

• PhD thesis User cognition in product operation, G.J. Gelderblom. 

By studying cognitive fixation in product operation, the thesis offers insight into the 

mental processes that control our actions. The study shows the importance of product 

appearance as a possible misleading factor in users' expectations. 

• Christiaans, H.H.C.M. (2002). Creativity as a design criterion, in Creativity Research 

Journal, 14 (nr. 1), 41-54. One of the most difficult and challenging issues in design is to 

determine the creativity of the designer or the design. This article shows how product 

creativity can be assessed in a scientific way. 


Van Duijne, Kanis & Green (2002). Risks in product use: observations compared to acident 

statistics. Injury control and safety promotion 9(3), 185-191. 

Kanis (2002). Can design supportive research be scientific? Ergonomics 45 (14) 1037-1041. 

Boess (2004). Designing towards ways of living. Design philosophy papers 2004 (1) 1-8. 

86




Academic publications in refereed journals 2 3 5 

Academic publications in other journals 3 3 

Academic publications: book chapters 1 1 

Academic publications in conference proceedings 5 4 9 


Monographs 





Duijne, F.H. van, Kanis, H, & Green, WS (2001). Risk perception in do-it-yourself activities. In 

E. Zio, M. Demichela & N. Piccinini (Eds.), Proceedings of the European conference on safety and 

reliability (ESREL 2001), vol. 1 (pp. 693-700). Torino: Politecnico di Torino. 

Duijne, F.H. van, Green, WS, & Kanis, H (2001). Risk perception: let the user speak. In M.A. 

Hanson (Ed.), Contemporary ergonomics 2001 (pp. 297-302). London (UK): Taylor & Francis. 

Kamerbeek, M., Kanis, H, & Green, WS (2001). Ferrari and ergonomics in design. In M.A. Hanson 

(Ed.), Contemporary ergonomics 2001 (pp. 403-408). London (UK): Taylor & Francis. 

Kanis, H (2001). Scientific credentials for qualitative and quantitative research in a design 

context. In M.A. Hanson (Ed.), Contemporary ergonomics 2001 (pp. 389-394). London (UK): 

Taylor & Francis. 

Verheijen, TFJM, Kanis, H, Snelders, HMJJ, & Green, WS (2001). On observation as inspiration for 

design. In M.A. Hanson (Ed.), Contemporary ergonomics 2001 (pp. 383-388). London (UK): 


Ph.D. theses 

Rooden, MJ (10-12-2001). Design models for anticipating future usage. Technische Universiteit 

Delft (247 pag.). Prom./coprom.: Green, WS, & Wilson, J.R. 

2002 


Duijne, F.H. van, Kanis, H, & Green, WS (2002). Risks in product use: observations compared to 

accident statistics. Injury control and safety promotion 9 (3), 185-191. 

Kanis, H (2002). Can design supportive research be scientific? Ergonomics 45 (14), 1037-1041. 

87



Boess, SU, Durling, D, Lebbon, C, & Maggs, C (2002). An Indian who doesn't know how to grow 

the maize. In D Durling & J Shackleton (Eds.), Common ground (pp. 1-16). Stoke on Trent: 

Staffordshire University press. 

Duijne, F.H. van, Green, WS, & Kanis, H (2002). A safe blender? Learning from the users' 

perspective. In van D Aken (Ed.), Proceedings of the 8th international conference on product 

safety research ECOSA. 

Kanis, H, Rooden, MJ, & Duijne, F.H. van (2002). Observing user-product interaction. In PT 

McCabe (Ed.), Contemporary ergonomics 2002 (pp. 323-328). London: Taylor & Francis. 


Duijne, F.H. van, & Kanis, H (2002). Replacing pierceable cartridges in gas lamps. Delft: Delft 

University of Technology Industrial Design Engineering. 



Jong, AM de, Vink, P, & Kroon, JCA de (2003). Reasons for adopting technological innovations 

reducing physical workload in bricklaying Ergonomics 46 (11), 1091-1108. 

Jong, AM de, Vink, P, Andriessen, JHTH (Sect. Work and Organisational Psychology), & Schaefer, 

WF (2003). Arbeidsomstandigheden in de bouw: factoren die de adoptie van innovaties ter 

verbetering van arbeidsomstandigheden op de bouwplaats beinvloeden Tijdschrift voor 

ergonomie 28 (2), 4-10. 

Jong, AM de, Molen, H van der, Vink, P, Eikhout, S, & Koningsveld, E (2003). Reasons for 

applying innovations for scaffolding work International journal of occupational safety and 

ergonomics 9 (2), 161-175. 


Jong, AM de (2001). Participation In W Karwowski (Ed.), International encyclopedia of 

ergonomics and human factors London: Taylor and Francis. 


Boess, SU, & Rooden, MJ (2003). The role of the users' context in usage research. In R Coleman 

& J Myerson (Eds.), Include 2003: inclusive design for society and business (pp. 14:518-14:523). 

London: Helen Hamlyn Research Centre, RCA. 

88


Duijne, F.H. van, & Kanis, H (2003). Data analysis in a study on risk perception in product use. In 

T Bedford & PHAJM Gelder (Eds.), Safety and reliability (pp. 583-589). Lisse: Swets & Zeitlinger. 

Kanis, H (2003). Research in design: situated individuality versus summative analysis. In s.n. 

(Ed.), IEA 2003 (pp. 1-4). s.l.: s.n.. 

Duijne, F.H. van, & Kanis, H (2003). Risk of gas lamps with disposable cartridges. In (Ed.), 4th 

European convention in safety promotion and injury prevention (pp. 67-68). European Consumer 

Safety Association. 


Vink, P, Koningsveld, EAP, Jong, AM de, & Kroon, JCA de (2003). Comfortabel en slim metselen 

Product 11 (2), 38-40. 

89



Title 


Product aesthetics and experience 

Prof. dr. P. Hekkert 

Although the functionality a product offers has always been, and will remain, an essential 

precondition for product satisfaction and market success, various developments – technological 

innovations, ‘experience economy’, etc. - point at an increasing importance of product experience 

as a major driving force of product acquisition and use. Product experience is a multi-dimensional 

construct that can be operationalised by verbal and behavioural measures tapping appraisal, 

emotional and aesthetic reactions. In this programme the focus is on the active user, interacting 

with a product through all his senses and within a particular context, and thereby undergoing a 

dynamic and multi-layered experience This programme examines relationships between 

perception through various senses and the experience of product properties. Research is directed 

towards identifying, classifying, and designing relevant experiences and relating them to product 

and interaction properties. The aim of this research orientation is to contribute to experience 

centered design. Our focus is human-centered, i.e. understanding the processes underlying 

product experiences, and design driven, by focusing the end goals of research projects on 

theoretical models, tools, or methods that can be disclosed to the industrial design community 



A. Design for the senses. The goal of this research is to generate knowledge and methods for 

sensorial and experiential design in order to develop a profound and powerful design strategy 

that contributes to the development of original, impassioned, appropriate, and experiential 

consumer products. New insights are turned into design principles that are tried and tested in socalled 

experiential prototypes (i.e., research through design. 

B. Experience centered design / theory. This project examines how these experiences can be 

generated, classified and measured, and which underlying processes and contextual 

factors affect or determine the origin of an experience. 


With respect to project A, the focus will be shifted more and more towards the interaction 

between the senses, rather then studying them in isolation. This shift is already visible in a new 

PhD project on sensory dominance. For project B, the focus will be more and more on 

experiences that result from a physical interaction with products and on dynamic changes in the 

experience as a result of prolonged exposure and use. 


We have recently signed a 5-year collaboration agreement with Procter & Gamble (starting date 

April 2004). Projects will be defined on a regular basis. 

90


On September 1, 2004, an EU Coordinated Action program has started on ‘affective engineering’ 

in which we play a major role (WP leader). 

Further collaborations include: 

For project A: 

- New projects for Philips Design. 

- Project multi-sensory experience: Grant application for one PhD will be submitted for the open 

competition of NWO. 

- Project visual aesthetics: Grant application for one PhD will be submitted for the NWO 

programme Evolution & Behavior (deadline December 15, 2004). 

For project B 

- A 4-year collaboration agreement has been signed with TNS-NIPO on ‘measuring emotions’ 

(starting date October 2004). 

- Assignment of PhD student on P&G contract (start 2004). 

- Assignment of PhD student on TNS-NIPO contract (start 2005). 

- Application for PhD student on LinguaBytes project, funded by ‘Instituut voor doven’. 






prof.dr. P. Hekkert 

prof.ir. J.J. Jacobs 

prof.dr. J.W. Drukker 

prof.ir. M.B. van Dijk 

dr. R. van Egmond 

ir. M.E. Peters 

dr.ir. P.M.A. Desmet 

dr.ir. C.C.M. Hummels 

dr. T.R.A. de Rijk 

ir. A.G.C. van Boeijen 


0.40 0.25 0.25 

0.05 0.05 0.05 

0.00 0.00 0.00 

0.05 0.05 0.05 

0.35 

0.00 

0.20 

0.00 

0.00 

0.30 

0.00 

0.70 

0.30 

0.20 

0.00 

0.25 

0.00 

0.50 

0.10 

0.20 

0.00 



Non-tenured staff dr.ir. H.N.J. Schifferstein 

ir. M.H. Sonneveld 

ir. R. den Otter 

0.70 

0.60 

0.70 

0.50 

0.70 

0.50 

0.70 

PhD students 

ir. E. Özcan 

ir. G.D.S. Ludden 

ir. R. Mugge 

ir. P.M.A. Desmet 

ir. S.A.G. Wensveen 

0.15 

0.90 

0.00 

0.15 

0.40 

0.80 

0.40 

0.40 

0.10 


91




In 2002, Pieter Desmet finished his PhD project on ‘Designing Emotions’ (with honors). Next to a 

theoretical model on how products evoke emotions, the project resulted in an instrument to 

measure product emotions, PrEmo, that was praised and acquired by both the academic and 

industrial community. In the field of multi-sensory experience, two NWO applications were 

successful, leading to new PhD projects on surprise in product design and sensory dominance 

(Schifferstein & Hekkert). A conceptual framework for the identification and experience of 

product sounds (van Egmond & Ozcan) and a tactile experience guide for designers (Sonneveld) 

were developed. We also determined the main parameter for the use of sound in branding (van 

Egmond & den Otter), identified two parameters, typicality and novelty, that are jointly 

responsible for the aesthetic appeal of a product (Hekkert), and acquired much insight in one of 

the main parameters of user-product attachment, personalization (Mugge). Most of these studies 

did not only lead to publications in scientific journals, but also attracted much attention from 

industry, resulting in a great number of 3 rd stream funded projects and long-term cooperation 

agreements. At an applied level, a series of interactive installations for the study of resonance 

were built (Hummels) and a book on Dutch Designers of the 20 th century was edited and 

published (de Rijk). Finally, through our participation in the Design & Emotion society (Hekkert & 

Desmet), we co-organized the 3 rd conference on Design & Emotion (Loughborough, 2002). 


Hekkert, PPM, Snelders, HMJJ, & Wieringen, PCW van (2003). "Most advanced, yet acceptable": 

typicality and novelty as joint predictors of aesthetic preference in industrial design British journal 

of psychology 94, 111-124. 

Desmet, PMA (2003). A multilayered model of product emotions Design journal, the 6 (2), 4-13. 

McDonagh, Hekkert, vErp & Gyi (eds.) (2004). Design and emotion. The experience of everyday 

things (book with many articles from IDE-researchers) 

Egmond R van (2004). Emotional experience of Frequency Modulated sounds: implications for the 

design of alarm sounds. In: de Waard, Brookhuis & Weikert (eds.) Human factors in design. 

Schifferstein HNJ & Tanudjaja (accepted, in press 2004). Visualizing fragrances through colors: 

the mediating role of emotions Perception. 





Academic publications: book chapters 4 2 2 8 



Monographs 



92




Bult, J.H.F., Schifferstein, HNJ, & Roozen, J.P. (2001). The influence of olfactory concept on the 

probability of detecting sub- and peri-threshold components in a mixture of odorants. Chemical 

senses 26, 459-469. 

Desmet, PMA, Overbeeke, CJ, & Tax, S. (2001). Designing products with added emotional value: 

development and application of an approach for research through design. The design journal 4 

(1), 32-47. 

Drukker, JW (2001). Der schizophrene Designer. Form Diskurs, Journal of Design and Design 

Theory 8/9, 18-25. 

Locher, P.J., Cornelis, E., Wagemans, J., & Stappers, PJ (2001). Artists' use of compositional 

balance for creating visual displays. Empirical studies of the arts 19 (2), 213-227. 

Verlegh, P.W.J., Schifferstein, HNJ, & Wittink, D.R. (2001). Range and number-of-levels effects in 

derived and stated measures of attribute importance. mansholt Paper (elektronisch gepubl.), 

1-12. 


Leeuwen, C. van, Verstijnen, I.M., & Hekkert, PPM (2000). Common unconscious dynamics 

underlie uncommon conscious effects: a case study in the iterative nature of perception and 

creation (niet eerder opgenomen). In J.S. Jordan (Ed.), Modeling consciousness across the 

disciplines (pp. 179-218). Lanham: University Press of America. 

Rijk, TRA de (2001). Efficiency en hygiene: principes voor de modernisering van het huishouden. 

In N. de Vreeze (Ed.), 6,5 miljoen woningen: 100 jaar woningwet en wooncultuur in Nederland 

(pp. 39-59). Rotterdam: 010. 

Schifferstein, HNJ (2001). Effects of product beliefs on product perception and liking. In L.J. 

Frewer, E. Risvik & H.N.J. Schifferstein (Eds.), Food, people and society: a European perspective 

of consumers' food choices (pp. 73-96). Berlin: Springer Verlag. 

Schifferstein, HNJ, Frewer, L.J., & Risvik, E. (2001). Introduction. In L.J. Frewer, E. Risvik & 

H.N.J. Schifferstein (Eds.), Food, people and society: a European perspective of consumers' food 

choices (pp. 3-8). Berlin: Springer Verlag. 


Frens, JW, Guttermorsen-Schär, S., Kancar, M., & Krohn, M. (2001). A proposal for measuring 

perceived emotional content of products. In E. Gomringer & I. Laubstein (Eds.), Internationales 

Forum für Gestaltung (pp. 154-165). Ulm: IFG. 

93


Hekkert, PPM, & Dijk, MB van (2001). Designing from context: foundations and applications of 

the VIP approach. In P.A. Lloyd & H.H.C.M. Christiaans (Eds.), Proceedings of design thinking 

research symposium 5 (pp. 383-394). Delft: DUP Science. 

Hekkert, PPM (2001). The experience of design. In R. Cooper & V. Branco (Eds.), 4th European 

academy of design conference proceedings (pp. 396-401). Aveiro: Universidade de Aveiro. 

Overbeeke, CJ, Djajadiningrat, JP, Wensveen, SAG, & Hummels, CCM (2001). From seeing to 

experience: from affordance to temptation. In E. Gomringer & I. Laubstein (Eds.), Internationales 

Forum für Gestaltung (pp. 26-36). Ulm: IFG. 

Overbeeke, CJ, Vink, P, & Cheung, F.K. (2001). The emotion-aware office chair: an exploratory 

study. In M.G. Helander, H.M. Khalid & T.M. Po (Eds.), Proceedings of the international 

conference on affective human factors design (pp. 262-267). London, UK: Asean Academic Press. 


Desmet, PMA, & Rijcken, T. (2001). Furby is dood, lang leve Furby: ontwerpers over product en 

emotie. Product 9 (1), 2-7. 

Drukker, JW, & Rijk, TRA de (2001). Designers-archieven: een eerste inventarisatie van 

bedreigde designers-archieven in Nederland. Delft: Industrieel Ontwerpen. 

Frewer, L.J., Risvik, E., & Schifferstein, HNJ (Eds.). (2001). Food, people and society: a European 

perspective of consumers' food choices. Berlin: Springer Verlag. 

Hummels, CCM, & Overbeeke, CJ (2001). De schoonheid van de interactie. Product 9 (4), 21-25. 

Hummels, CCM, & Overbeeke, CJ (2001). De schoonheid van het gebaar. Product, 22-26. 

Rijk, TRA de (2001). The eternal number 14 thinking on typology in the design debate of the 

twentieth century: continuity or rift? Boijmans Bulletin (www.boijmansbulletin.nl) 001 (003), 

18-26. 

Rijk, TRA de (2001). Vormgeving bij Rijkswaterstaat: een korte analyse van het functioneren van 

vormgeving en huisstijl bij Rijkswaterstaat. Delft: Industrieel Ontwerpen. 

2002 


Bult, JHF, Schifferstein, HNJ, Roozen, JP, Dalmau Boronat, E, Voragen, AGJ, & Kroeze, JHA 

(2002). Sensory evaluation of character impact components in an apple model mixture. Chemical 

senses 27, 485-494. 

Locher, PJ, & Stappers, PJ (2002). Factors contributing to the implicit dynamic quality of static 

abstract designs. Perception 31, 1093-1107. 

94


Schifferstein, HNJ, & Michaut, AMK (2002). Effects of appropriate and inappropriate odors on 

product evaluations. Perceptual and motor skills 95 (2), 1199-1214. 

Schifferstein, HNJ, & Blok, ST (2002). The signal function of thematically (in)congruent ambient 

scents in a retail environment. Chemical senses 27, 539-549. 

Verlegh, PWJ, Schifferstein, HNJ, & Wittink, DR (2002). Range and number-of-levels effects in 

derived and stated measures of attribute importance. Marketing Letters 13 (1), 41-52. 


Desmet, PMA, & Hekkert, PPM (2002). The basis of product emotions. In WS Green & PW Jordan 

(Eds.), Pleasure with products: Beyond usability (pp. 61-68). London: Taylor & Francis. 

Overbeeke, CJ, Djajadiningrat, JP, Hummels, CCM, & Wensveen, SAG (2002). Beauty in usability: 

forget about ease of use. In WS Green & PW Jordan (Eds.), Pleasure with products: Beyond 

usability (pp. 9-18). London: Taylor & Francis. 


Hekkert, PPM (2002). Introduction. In D McDonagh, PPM Hekkert & J van Erp (Eds.), Design and 

emotion: the experience of everyday things (pp. 3-5). Loughborough: Department of Design and 

Technology. 

Ph.D. theses 

Desmet, PMA (25-06-2002). Designing emotions. Delft University of Technology (246 pag.). 

Prom./coprom.: Jacobs, JJ 


Desmet, PMA, Rooden, MJ, & Hekkert, PPM (2002). Gebruik & beleving van Sterrewereld 2.0. 

Delft: Delft University of Technology Industrial Design Engineering. 

Erp, J van, & Hekkert, PPM (2002). De Design & Emotion Society. Vormberichten 10, 25. 



Hekkert, PPM, Snelders, HMJJ, & Wieringen, PCW van (2003). "Most advanced, yet acceptable": 

typicality and novelty as joint predictors of aesthetic preference in industrial design British journal 

of psychology 94, 111-124. 

95


Desmet, PMA (2003). A multilayered model of product emotions Design journal, the 6 (2), 4-13. 

Hekkert, PPM, & McDonagh, D (2003). Design and emotion Design journal, the 6 (2), 1-3. 


Schifferstein, HNJ (2003). Human perception of taste mixtures In RL Doty (Ed.), handbook of 

olfaction and gustation (pp. 805-822). New York: Marcel Dekker. 

Desmet, PMA (2003). Measuring emotion: development and application of an instrument to 

measure emotional responses to products In MA Blythe, K Overbeeke, AF Monk & PC Wright 

(Eds.), Funology: from usability to enjoyment (Human-computer interaction series, 3, 

pp. 111-123). Dordrecht: Kluwer. 


Desmet, PMA, & Dijkhuis, EDJ (2003). A wheelchair can de fun: a case of emotion-driven design. 

In J Forlizzi & B Hannington (Eds.), DPPI '03 (pp. 22-27). New York: Association for Computing 

Machinery. 

Hekkert, PPM, Mostert, M, & Stompff, G (2003). Dancing with a machine: a case of experiencedriven 

design. In J Forlizzi & B Hannington (Eds.), DPPI '03 (pp. 114-119). New York: Association 

for Computing Machinery. 

Looze, M de, Krause, F, Reijneveld, K, Desmet, PMA, & Vink, P (2003). Seat appearance and 

sitting comfort. In s.n. (Ed.), Proceedings of the XVth triennial congress of the IEA and the 7th 

joint conference of the Ergonomics Society of Korea/JES (pp. 1-4). Seoul: Ergonomics Society of 

Korea. 

Reijneveld, K, Looze, M de, Krause, F, & Desmet, PMA (2003). Measuring the emotions elicited by 

office chairs. In J Forlizzi & B Hannington (Eds.), DPPI '03 (pp. 6-10). New York: Association for 

Computing Machinery. 


Egmond, R van, & Erp, J van (2003). It looks like it sounds: ritme in muziek en beeld Turn the 

page 4 (2), 12-13. 

Hekkert, PPM (Ed.). (2003). Design journal, the 6 (2). 

Desmet, PMA (2003). Oog in oog met een stofzuiger: emoties als uitgangspunt van het 

industrieel ontwerpen Kunstlicht 24 (1/2), 15-20. 

Desmet, PMA (2003). Influence of adverts on the emotional impact of product design Delft: Delft 

University of Technology Industrial Design. 

Desmet, PMA (2003). Lenor experiment Delft: Delft University of Technology Industrial Design. 

96


Desmet, PMA (2003). Measuring emotions with CAPI@HOME Delft: Delft University of Technology 

Industrial Design. 

Hekkert, PPM, & Desmet, PMA (2003). Belevingswereld van sterrekinderen (2 delen) Delft: Delft 

University of Technology Industrial Design. 

97



Title 


Consumer preference 

Prof. dr. J.P.L. Schoormans 

Consumer preference for new products is an issue in buying, using as well and goal as in nonusing/discarding 

of products. Knowledge about consumer preference can enhance the quality of 

product development. Until recently, consumers linked product preferences mainly to product 

functionality. Nowadays, preferences are believed to be linked to product experience/emotions as 

well: in addition to functional demands, products must fit consumer demands such as emotions 

and individuality of persons. In addition, designers/manufacturers are not only confronted with 

the wider scope of consumer preferences but also with the increased technological possibilities 

that can be used to include new functionalities in products. In many cases these new 

functionalities are not or only partly expressed through product form. The challenge of the 

research is to enhance the knowledge about expectations and preferences of consumers during 

the process of buying and using a new product. This knowledge may be used to design products 

that can mediate between technological possibilities and increasing consumer demands, and to 

develop tools to assess realistic consumer expectations about new products. 



In this research, theory and tools are developed that enable reliable assessment of consumers’ 

reactions toward product functionality and form. The objectives are to gain knowledge about 

consumer reactions toward new products in general and for the form of these new products in 

particular. Such knowledge supports and strengthens a customer-orientated approach to new 

product development. 


Two important changes in the research focus are the recent interest in consumer skepticism and 

the planned research into the use of the observation research techniques into the idea generation 

phase of the new product development process. 


An STW research proposal on the topic of consumer scepticism (in collaboration with Prof dr. A. 

Pruyn, University of Twente) will be presented to STW by the end of October 2004. A research 

project on the presentation of product visions with the Design Centre MUOVA in Finland is in its 

setup phase. Collaboration with the programme Usage evaluation with respect to the research 

into the methods of observation research are discussed and will be presented before the end of 

2004. 

98







prof.dr. J.P.L. Schoormans 

prof.dr. W.M. Oppedijk van Veen 

dr. M.E.H. Creusen 

dr. K.P.N. Morel 


0.40 0.40 0.40 

0.05 0.05 0.10 

0.70 

0.60 

0.60 

0.50 

0.20 

0.50 




PhD students 

drs. P. Govers 

drs.ir. N. Vink 

ir. R. Mugge 

1.00 

1.00 

0.15 

0.90 

1.00 

0.40 

0.90 

0.50 

0.40 




In her dissertation Govers tested and presented a method to assess consumer personality that 

can be used to provide guidelines that can underscore the design process of product personality. 

In his dissertation Vink researched the way consumers react on mass customization of products. 

He showed that there is a trade-off between the number of product choices and the amount of 

effort consumers want to invest in a product choice. 

Creusen and Schoormans (JPIM forthcoming) showed that consumers use product appearance 

not only to to judge the aesthetic product value but also its ergonomic, symbolic and functional 

(quality) product value. 


Creusen, M.E.H. and J.P.L. Schoormans (forthcoming, 2005). The Different Roles of Product 

Appearance in Consumer Choice. Journal of Product Innovation Management. 






Academic publications in conference proceedings 3 3 

Total academic publications 3 2 5 

Monographs 



99




Creusen, MEH (2001). The role of product appearance in a purchase decision: a study into 

telephone purchases in retail outlets. In E. Breivik, A.W. Falkenberg & K. Gronhaug (Eds.), 

Proceedings from the 30th EMAC conference (pp. 1-5). Stockholm: European Marketing 

Academy. 

Snelders, HMJJ, & Schoormans, JPL (2001). The relation between concrete and abstract product 

attributes. In E. Breivik, A.W. Falkenberg & K. Gronhaug (Eds.), Proceedings from the 30th EMAC 

conference (pp. 1-6). Stockholm: European Marketing Academy. 

Verheijen, TFJM, Kanis, H, Snelders, HMJJ, & Green, WS (2001). On observation as inspiration for 

design. In M.A. Hanson (Ed.), Contemporary ergonomics 2001 (pp. 383-388). London (UK): 



Vink, NY, Schoormans, JPL, & Ruigrok, M. (2001). Websites onder de loep: wat vinden 

consumenten belangrijk in commerciele websites? Tijdschrift voor marketing 35 (7/8), 56-59. 

2002 


Creusen, MEH & Snelders, HMJJ (2002). Product appearance and consumer pleasure. In Green, 

WS & Jordan, PW (Ed.), Pleasure with products: beyond usability. (pp. 69-75). London: Taylor & 

Francis. 

Morel, KPN (2002). Wat is het? Een motor, een auto of een ehhh...? Consumenten categorisatie 

van hybride producten. In Bronner, AE, Dekker, P, Hoekstra, JC, Leeuw, E de, Poiesz, Th, Ruyter, 

K de & Smidts, A (Ed.), Ontwikkelingen in het marktonderzoek: jaarboek 2002. (pp. 205-224). 

Haarlem: de Vrieseborch. 


Schoormans, JPL (21-06-2002). De nieuwe producten van de consument. (). Delft: TU Delft. 

pp 25. 

100



Ph.D. theses 

Vink, NY (24-06-2003). Customization choices: consumer product decisions in mass customization 

environments Delft University of Technology (222 pag.). Prom./coprom.: Schoormans, JPL, & 

Oppedijk Van Veen, WM 


Morel, KPN, Oppedijk Van Veen, WM, & Vandehoek, B (2003). Succes hybride producten 

overschat Tijdschrift voor marketing 37 (11), 46-46. 

Vink, NY, & Schoormans, JPL (2003). Mass customization: de wens van de consument? Tijdschrift 

voor marketing 10 (37), 1-3. 

101



Title 


Transparent interfaces 

Prof. dr. H. de Ridder 

The introduction of new technologies has led to a range of consumer and (semi-) professional 

products with complex and embedded functionality. Increasingly products are being designed to 

handle a number of complex tasks and offer growing amounts of information streams to the user. 

Such products, in particular (mobile) ICE (information, communication, and entertainment) 

appliances, incorporate an increasing number of functionalities with which the user can interact 

only indirectly through an interface. As a consequence, users often struggle with the complexity 

of the interface instead of interacting with the content. Ideally, the interface should be 

transparent, thus becoming invisible. That is, the focus should be on interacting through an 

interface at the task level instead of with an interface. The focus of this research is on finding 

ways to make the user interface as transparent or unobtrusive as possible to enable the user to 

engage in the task or content at hand rather than be bothered by how to control or interact with 

the product. 



A. User understanding. This research provides insight into the features of human behavior that 

may help a product to guess and track user intentions and thus reduce unwanted 

ambiguities/uncertainties, in this way increasing trust in the product. Hence, the objective of the 

project on User Understanding is to determine the required knowledge about human behavior to 

accomplish successful intention guessing and tracking. 

B. Information presentation. This research focuses on visual perception investigating the relation 

between (flexible) forms and perceived product meaning as well as the impact of peripheral 

vision on local task performance and vice versa. The first objective is to link physical description 

of forms to perceptual description. Secondly, the relation between meaning (psychological 

experience) and the perceptual descriptions has to be identified. 


The research on user understanding will focus on the evaluation of DEVAN, an in-house 

developed tool for detailed video analysis, in the context of a European research program on 

usability testing. This is scheduled to be finished by the end of 2005, resulting in a PhD-defense. 

Meanwhile, the possibilities of combining data from eye movement registrations and DEVANanalyses 

will be explored in order to gain knowledge about the mental process underlying the 

user's overt behavior. The research on trust will continue to shift towards willingness to share in 

peer-to-peer networks (CACTUS Impulse project) and extended towards perceived trust and 

willingness to share multimedia-related data in virtual communities (I-Share project as part of the 

BSIK-programme Freeband; start: May 2004, a PhD-student starts in September 2004). 

The research on information presentation will deal with multimodal interaction as a new project 

on gesture recognition and speech starts in 2004. It should provide insight in the (potential) 

implications of employing gestures and speech in future intelligent environments. This research is 

already financed through funding from the ICT-Delft Research Centre, but external funding has 

102


been applied for at STW (project: NOGRIP, Non-Obtrusive Gesture Recognition for Intuitive 

Performance). One PhD-student started in January 2004. A second PhD project is scheduled to 

start at the beginning of 2005. Finally, the research on shape in picture perception will continue 

and extended into the field of composition, contour and color perception. 


See description above. 






prof.dr. H. de Ridder 

prof.dr. J. Aasman 

prof.dr. P.J. Stappers 

dr. D. Keyson M.Sc. 

dr. A.J. Koenderink-van Doorn 

dr. Th. Boersema 

ir. A.P.O.S. Vermeeren 

ir. E.C.M. Steenbergen-v.d. Weijgert 


0.25 0.25 0.25 

0.05 0.05 0.05 

0.00 0.01 0.05 

0.00 0.01 0.05 

0.50 

0.30 

0.50 

0.40 

0.50 

0.45 

0.50 

0.20 

0.50 

0.40 

0.40 

0.00 




PhD students 

ir. R.E. Mannak 

drs. E.V.K. Cornelis 0.60 

0.25 

1.00 

0.80 

0.20 




The programme has been invited to become part of ICT-Delft Research Centre. Prof. De Ridder is 

member of the ICT board. 


Vermeeren, APOS, Bouwmeester, K den, Aasman, J & Ridder, H de (2002). DEVAN: a tool for 

detailed video analysis of user test data. Behaviour & information technology, 21(6), 403-423. 

Cornelis, EVK, Doorn, AJ van, & Ridder, H de (2003). Mirror-reflecting a picture of an object: 

what happens to the shape percept? Perception & psychophysics 65 (7), 1110-1125. 

103









Monographs 

Ph.D. theses 




Docampo Rama, M., Ridder, H de, & Bouma, H. (2001). Technology generation and age in using 

layered user interfaces. Gerontechnology 1 (1), 25-40. 

IJsselsteijn, W.A., Ridder, H de, Freeman, J., Avons, S.E., & Bouwhuis, D. (2001). Effects of 

stereoscopic presentation, image motion, and screen size on subjective and objective 

corroborative measures of presence. Presence-teleoperators and virtual environments 10 (3), 

298-311. 

IJsselsteijn, W.A., Freeman, J., & Ridder, H de (2001). Presence: where are we? CyberPsychology 

& Behavior 4 (2), 179-182. 

Ridder, H de (2001). Cognitive issues in image quality measurement. Journal of Electronic 

Imaging 10 (1), 47-55. 


Doorn, AJ van, Koenderink, J.J., & Ridder, H de (2001). Pictorial space correspondence in 

photographs of an object in different poses. In B.E. Rogowitz & T.N. Pappas (Eds.), Proceedings 

of SPIE (pp. 321-329). Bellingham: International Society for Optical Engineering. 

Koenderink, J.J., & Doorn, AJ van (2001). Shading in the case of translucent objects. In 

B.E. Rogowitz & T.N. Pappas (Eds.), Proceedings of SPIE (pp. 312-320). Bellingham: SPIE. 

Misker, JMV (Ch. Knowledge Based Systems), Taatgen, N., & Aasman, J (2001). Validating a tool 

for simulating user interaction. In E.M. Altmann & et Al. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2001 fourth 

international conference on cognitive modeling (pp. 163-168). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum 

Associates Inc. 

Ridder, H de (2001). Image processing and the problem of quantifying image quality. In 

B. Mercer (Ed.), 2001 international conference on image processing, October 7-10 (pp. 3-6). 

Piscataway, NJ, USA: IEEE. 

104


Ridder, H de (2001). Naturalness and image quality: towards perceptually optimal color 

reproduction of natural scenes. In J. Morreale (Ed.), SID international symposium digest of 

technical papers (pp. 496-499). San Jose, CA, USA: Society for Information Display. 


IJsselsteijn, WA, Freeman, J, & Ridder, H de (Eds.). (2001). CyberPsychology & Behavior. 

Ridder, H de (2001). Mens in techniek (intreerede / inaugural speech). 

2002 


Ridder, H de (2002). Mens in techniek. Tijdschrift voor ergonomie 27 (4), 11-17. 

Schoumans, N, Kappers, AML, & Koenderink, JJ (2002). Scale invariance in near space: pointing 

under influence of context. Acta psychologica 110 (1), 63-81. 

Vermeeren, APOS, Bouwmeester, K den, Aasman, J, & Ridder, H de (2002). DEVAN: a tool for 

detailed video analysis of user test data. Behaviour & information technology 21 (6), 403-423. 

Westerink, J, Bakker, C, Ridder, H de, & Siepe, H (2002). Human factors in the design of a 

personalizable EPG: preference-indication strategies, habit watching and trust. Behaviour & 

information technology 21 (4), 249-258. 


Koenderink, JJ, Doorn, AJ van, Arend, L, & Hecht, H (2002). Ecological optics and the creative 

eye. In D Heyer & R Mausfeld (Eds.), Perception and the physical world: psychological and 

philosophical issues in perception (pp. 271-304). Chicester: Wiley & Sons. 


Doorn, AJ van, Boersema, T, Ridder, H de, Jorens, CW, & Harteveld, A (2002). Shape perception 

in pictures: eye movements during local surface attitude probing. In BE Rogowitz & TN Pappas 

(Eds.), Human vision and electronic imaging VII (pp. 48-56). Bellingham: SPIE. 

Hoenderdos, R, Vermeeren, APOS, Bekker, M, & Pierik, A (2002). Design for experience: the 

"look, mama!" experience. In MM Dekker, P Markopoulos & M Kersten-Tsikalkina (Eds.), 

Interaction design and children (pp. 4-10). Maastricht: Shaker Publishing. 

IJsselsteijn, WA, Freeman, J, & Ridder, H de (2002). Presence as an experiential metric for 3-D 

display evaluation. In B Berkeley & E Colgan (Eds.), SID International symposium digest of 

technical papers (pp. 252-255). San Jose: Society for Information Display. 

105


Ridder, H de, & Endrikhovski, S (2002). Image quality is FUN: reflections on fidelity, usefulness 

and naturalness. In B Berkeley & E Colgan (Eds.), SID International symposium digest of 

technical papers (pp. 986-989). San Jose: Society for Information Display. 


Cornelis, EVK, Doorn, AJ van, & Ridder, H de (2002). Reflecting a picture of an object: what 

happens to the shape percept? Perception 31, 6. 

Doorn, AJ van, Cornelis, EVK, Ridder, H de, & Koenderink, JJ (2002). Comparison of pictorial 

reliefs for identical two-dimensional images in different orientations. Perception 31, 29. 



Koenderink, JJ, & Doorn, AJ van (2003). Local structure of Gaussian texture IEICE transactions 

on information and systems E86-D (7), 1165-1171. 

Cornelis, EVK, Doorn, AJ van & Ridder, H de (2003). Mirror-reflecting a picture of an object: what 

happens to the shape percept? Perception & psychophysics 65 (7), 1110-1125. 


Koenderink, JJ, & Doorn, AJ van (2003). Pictorial space In H Hecht, R Schwartz & M Atherton 

(Eds.), Looking into pictures: an interdisciplinary approach to pictorial space (pp. 239-403). 

cambridge: MIT Press. 

Koenderink, JJ, & Doorn, AJ van (2003). Perspectives on colour space In R Mausfeld & D Heyer 

(Eds.), Colour perception: mind and the physical world (pp. 1-56). New York: Oxford University 

Press. 

Koenderink, JJ, & Doorn, AJ van (2004). Shape and shading In LM Chalupa & JS Werner (Eds.), 

The visual neurosciences (pp. 1090-1105). Cambridge: The MIT Press. 


Heiligers, MM (Ch. Flight Mechanics and Propulsion), Holten, T van (Ch. Flight Mechanics and 

Propulsion), & Boersema, T (2003). On a computer based prediction of pilot scanning workload 

and control workload. In s.n. (Ed.), 12th international symposium on aviation psychology 

(pp. 508-513). s.l.: s.n.. 

Kesteren, IEH van, Bekker, MM, Vermeeren, APOS, & Lloyd, PA (2003). Assessing usability 

evaluation methods on their effectiveness to elicit verbal comments from children subjects. In 

S MacFarlane, T Nicol, JC Read & LC Snape (Eds.), Small users - big ideas (pp. 41-49). New York: 

Association for Computing Machinery. 

106


Vermeeren, APOS, Kesteren, IEH van, & Bekker, MM (2003). Managing the evaluator effect in 

user testing. In M Rauterberg, M Menozzi & J Wesson (Eds.), Human-computer interaction 

INTERACT '03 (pp. 647-654). Amsterdam: IOS Press. 

Sagawa, K, & Ridder, H de (2003). Detection and recognition of a flash of light. In s.n. (Ed.), 

Temporal and spatial aspects of light and colour: perception and measurement (pp. 7-10). s.l.: 

Commission Internationale de l' Eclairage. 


Boersema, T (2003). Graphical symbols for use on banknotes: comprehensibility judgment test 

Delft: Delft University of Technology Industrial Design. 

Boersema, T (2003). Graphical symbols for use on banknotes: location and comprehension Delft: 

Delft University of Technology Industrial Design. 


Boersema, T (20-08-2003). Oculomotor behaviour and cognitive task difficulty 12th European 

conference on eye movement: Dundee (20-08-2003 - 24-08-2003). conference contribution. 

107



Title 


Intelligence in products 

Dr. D.V. Keyson 

The possibilities of products equipped with connectivity, data storage, and goal wireless 

communication, sensors, and information processing techniques create new opportunities for 

industrial designers. Many appliances will have adaptive visual displays showing icons and 

symbols depicting functions and procedures. Multimodal channels of user-product communication 

such as graphics combined with gesture input, speech 

driven dialogues and auditory feedback are envisioned. Given such technological developments, 

designers need new design techniques and interaction design concepts, leading to products that 

recognize needs and empower the user. The research focuses on (1) multimodal interaction 

design, (2) user and task modeling, (3) user-product collaborative dialogue design, (4) trust and 

agent personality design, including trustworthy visual design, dialogue design aspects, 

progressive disclosure of system functionality, and establishing as sense of mutual user-product 

learning. 



A. User interfaces to intelligent products. The research is concerned with (1) multimodal 

interaction design, i.e. on concrete and abstract multimodal representations of information and 

input, including use of tangible interfaces, gestures and non-speech sound, to enable rich and 

expressive input control and information represent actions. (2) Design theory towards 

understanding balances between hedonic and ergonomic qualities of multimodal interaction so as 

to create an optimal flow level between product and user. Included here are the hedonic and 

aesthetic aspects of appeal and the design for resonance. (3) Design of conversational interfaces 

in a multimodal context of interaction, including utilization of theory developed in the project on 

user models for intelligent products. 

B. Modeling the user and context in intelligent products. This research focuses on (1) user and 

task modeling, i.e. modeling of the users preferred and assumed state of interaction based on 

common practices or profiles, real-time events, and system learning, (2) user-product 

collaborative dialogue design, i.e. the design of mixed user-product initiative and turn taking as 

well as the integration of collaborative 

dialogue with visual-manual interaction and (4) requirements engineering for intelligent medical 

product, including translation to design examples with a focus on intensive care units 


All the plans layed out in the current version of the research portfolio are on track. With an 

additional new AIO project for 2005 proposal being developed with Philip Lighting, to focus on 

atmoshpere and activity modeling. 

108



The Smart Surroundings BSIK project was approved with a budget of 1.118K euro funding for 

TUD Industrial Design in work package on Interaction and Design. Keyson lis eading the work 

package. An AIO was hired in September 2004 and a Post-Doc is to be hired for proejct in 2004- 

2005 timeframe. Keyson is also participating in I-Share Freeband BSIK program in cooperation 

with Transparent Interfaces program. Fruedenthal is currently planning two AIO projects in the 

area of intelligence in medical technology and at least one Post-Doc position. Collaborations here 

are being developed with EU 6th framework and direct funding from medical institutions in the 

Netherlands. 





prof.dr. H. de Ridder 


0.10 

0.10 

0.10 

0.10 

0.15 

0.05 

Associate professors dr. D. Keyson M.Sc. 0.70 0.70 0.70 

Assistant professors dr.ir. C.C.M. Hummels 

dr.ir. A. Freudenthal 

0.00 

0.40 

0.00 

0.40 

0.05 

0.40 



Non-tenured staff ir. M.P.A.J. de Hoogh 

ir. J.W.F. Beusmans 

0.40 0.30 

0.65 

0.60 

0.80 

PhD students 

ing. M.C. Rozendaal 

E. DeKoven M.A. 

ir. M. Melles 

ir. M. Vastenburg 

0.40 

0.75 

0.40 

0.90 

0.90 

0.90 

0.65 

0.80 

0.80 

0.80 

0.80 

ir. S.A.G. Wensveen 0.40 0.20 




Residential Gateway Environment project (487K euro budget) with TU Eindhoven, Philips 

Research and KPN Research/TNO Telecom completed. 

Home Lab developed in IO to support future research on intelligent home systems and 

interaction techniques. Home Lab currently being used to support Smart Surroundings Research. 


Keyson DV, Freudenthal A & Hoogh MPAJ de (2001). Intelligent Thermostt. Netherlands patent 

1014792. 

109




Keyson, DV, Hoogh, MPAJ de, & Aasman, J (2003). Designing for pen and speech input in an 

object-action framework: the case of email Universal access in the information society 2 (2), 

134-142. 

Dekoven, EAM, & Keyson, DV (2002). Measuring task models in designing intelligent products. In 

Y Gil & DB Leake (Eds.), 2002 international conference on intelligent user interfaces 

(pp. 188-189). New York: ACM. 

Freudenthal, A, & Mook, HJ (2003). The evaluation of an innovative intelligent thermostat 

interface: universal usability and age differences Cognition technology and work 5, 55-66. 



Academic publications in refereed journals 3 3 





Monographs 

Ph.D. theses 

Professional publications and products 1 1 



Dekoven, EAM, Keyson, DV, & Freudenthal, A (2001). Designing collaboration in consumer 

products. In J. Jacko & A. Sears (Eds.), Conference on human factors in computing systems 


Freudenthal, A, Keyson, DV, Dekoven, EAM, & Hoogh, MPAJ de (2001). Communicating extensive 

smart home functionality to users of all ages: the design of a mixed-initiative multimodal 

thermostat-interface. In (Ed.), OIKOS 2001 workshop (pp. 34-39). Molslaboratoriet. 

Wensveen, SAG, & Overbeeke, CJ (2001). Adapting through behaviour: what my alarm clock 

should know, do and feel. In M.G. Helander, H.M. Khalid & T.M. Po (Eds.), Proceedings of the 

international conference on affective human factors design (pp. 242-247). London, UK: Asean 

Academic Press. 


Freudenthal, A (2001). Ontwerpen van gebruiksvriendelijke menu's. In (Ed.), Documentatie 

ouderen en technologie (pp. 127-132). Groningen: KITTZ. 

110



Keyson, DV, Freudenthal, A, Hoogh, MPAJ de, & Dekoven, EAM (25-10-2001). Interface unit. no. 

2002 


Freudenthal, A (2002). Transgenerational design to facilitate senior citizens' independence. In 

R Pieper, M Vaarama & JL Fozard (Eds.), Gerontechnology: technology and aging - starting into 

the third millennium (pp. 101-114). Aachen: Shaker. 


Bekker, MM, Beusmans, JWF, Keyson, DV, & Lloyd, PA (2002). KidReporter: a method for 

engaging children in making a newspaper to gather user requirements. In MM Bekker, 

P Markopoulos & M Kersten-Tsikalkina (Eds.), Proceedings of the international workshop 

'Interaction design and children' (pp. 138-143). Maastricht: Shaker Publishing BV. 

Dekoven, EAM, & Keyson, DV (2002). Empirical comparison of task modeling techniques for 

design and development. In LL Constantine (Ed.), Proceedings forUSE 2002 (pp. 287-306). 

Rowley: Ampersand Press. 

Dekoven, EAM, & Keyson, DV (2002). Evaluating task models embedded in consumer products. 

In C Pribeanu & J Vanderdonckt (Eds.), Task models and diagrams for user interface design 

(pp. 143-150). Bucharest: INFOREC. 

Dekoven, EAM, & Keyson, DV (2002). Measuring task models in designing intelligent products. In 

Y Gil & DB Leake (Eds.), 2002 international conference on intelligent user interfaces 


Freudenthal, A (2002). Designing transgenerational usability in an intelligent thermostat by 

following an empirical model of domestic appliance usage. In CW Johnson (Ed.), Proceedings of 

the 21st European annual conference on human decision making and control (pp. 134-142). 

Glasgow: Department of Computing Science, Univ. of Glasgow. 

Keyson, DV (2002). An electronic mobile guide for Artis Zoo. In RL Lagendijk, R Heusdens, 

KG Langendoen & WA Serdijn (Eds.), Proceedings of the third international symposium on mobile 

multimedia systems and applications (pp. 77-84). 

Melles, M, Freudenthal, A, & Bouwman, CAHM (2002). Introducing intelligent systems into the 

intensive care unit: a human-centred approach. In C Johnson (Ed.), Proceedings of the 21st 

European conference on human decision making and control (pp. 110-117). Glasgow: University 

of Glasgow. 

Vastenburg, MH, & Keyson, DV (2002). Creating and modeling the user experience in a 

residential gateway environment. In RL Lagendijk, R Heusdens, KG Langendoen & WA Serdijn 

(Eds.), Proceedings of the third international symposium on mobile multimedia systems and 

applications (pp. 101-108). 

111


Wensveen, SAG, Overbeeke, CJ, & Djajadiningrat, JP (2002). Push me, shove me and I show you 

how you feel: recognising mood from emotionally rich interaction. In N MacDonald (Ed.), 

DIS2002: serious reflection on designing ineractive systems (pp. 335-340). New York: ACM. 

Wensveen, SAG, Overbeeke, CJ, Djajadiningrat, JP, & Luxen, RF (2002). A nod is as good as a 

wink to a blind horse: how rich behavioural interaction opens up the experiential. In (Ed.), User 

interface software & technology companion (pp. 1-2). Association for Computing Machinery. 





Freudenthal, A, & Mook, HJ (2003). The evaluation of an innovative intelligent thermostat 

interface: universal usability and age differences Cognition technology and work 5, 55-66. 

Keyson, DV, Hoogh, MPAJ de, & Aasman, J (2003). Designing for pen and speech input in an 

object-action framework: the case of email Universal access in the information society 2 (2), 

134-142. 


Eggen, B, Rozendaal, MC, & Schimmel, O (2003). Home radio: extending the home experience 

beyond the physical boundaries of the house. In s.n. (Ed.), HOIT 2003: the networked home and 

the home of the future (pp. 1-14). s.l.: s.n.. 

Dekoven, EAM, Hoogh, MPAJ de, & Keyson, DV (2003). Rapid prototyping collaborative dialogue 

interfaces. In M Rauterberg, M Menozzi & J Wesson (Eds.), Human-computer interaction, 

INTERACT '03 (pp. 753-756). Amsterdam: IOS Press. 

Melles, M, & Freudenthal, A (2003). Next generation equipment in the intensive care unit: data 

collection for design guidelines. In MH Lützhöft (Ed.), EAM 2003 (pp. 65-73). Linköping: 

University of Linköping. 


Geer, MJF van der, Vrooman, HAV, & Freudenthal, A (13-10-2003). Inrichting voor opslag en 

weergave van beelddata no 1020351. 

112



Title 


Product advantage and market 

acceptance of intelligent products 

Prof. dr. E.J. Hultink 

This research deals with the phenomenon of intelligent products that have recently become en 

vogue within the marketplace. These intelligent products deliver a whole new range of 

capabilities that cannot be found in other products. For example, many of these products are 

autonomous and reactive or they can co-operate with other products. Examples of such products 

are car navigation systems, autonomous lawnmowers, smart thermostats and Sony’s Aibo. 

Although intelligent products may seem attractive to consumers in that they are more efficient 

and effective versions of their predecessors, it is not clear whether product intelligence 

contributes to consumer acceptance and new product success. For example, consumers may 

perceive intelligent products as complex and the use of such products risky. In addition, 

consumers cannot easily derive the benefits of a new intelligent product from inspecting the 

product form, as most benefits are software-related. Marketing communications are therefore 

necessary to educate the market so that consumers will comprehend and appreciate these 

benefits. 



The research is concerned with the definition of product advantage of new, intelligent products, 

and how it can be measured. Product developers can benefit from using such a scale to make 

corrections during the NPD process if customer reactions require so. It is investigated how new 

functionalities contribute to new product advantage, and how product advantage can be 

measured for new intelligent products. Communicating relevant product advantages to the target 

group contributes to success. It remains unclear, however, how invisible new intelligent 

functionalities should be communicated. It is investigated if the use of analogies helps to 

enhance consumer learning of the benefits of new intelligent products. Finally, this programme 

also deals with factors influencing the use of market knowledge in high tech new product 

development, and how this use of market information is related to the advantages offered by the 

new product, and its success rate in the market. 


The focus of this research program will remain on the market acceptance of new high-tech, 

intelligent products. Three PhD defenses are planned for 2005 (Ait el Houssi, Rijsdijk & 

Veldhuizen). The first two PhD students will leave the department in 2004; Veldhuizen will stay 

around for some time. To preserve continuity in the research program, it is our intention to start 

two new PhD projects in the next six months. One Ph.D. project will focus on the “evaluation of 

scenarios for discontinuous products”. This project will investigate if, and when, the use of 

scenarios can provide useful and valid market input in the early stages of a new high-tech 

product’s development. Consistent with the plans that I discussed in my inaugural speech, we will 

also start a new PhD project on branding in new product development. The relationships 

between branding and new product development are important but have not been investigated 

to a full extent yet. Investigating these relationships is also important as they are core elements 

113


of our Master on Strategic Product Design (SPD). Therefore, in January, we start a second PhD 

project that will build on a soon to be finished graduation project on “co-branding in new product 

launch”. We already have a good candidate for this position. 


We will submit the first PhD proposal on scenarios to STW and to the ICT “speerpunt”. 

Unilever is likely interested to be the external partner for this project. Prof. Dr. Cees de Bont 

(Free University of Amsterdam) will be the second promoter for the Ph.D. project on co-branding. 

This project will likely be sponsored by Philips. We plan to use our contacts with Campina for 

additional research funds. 




prof.dr. E.J. Hultink 

prof.dr. W.M. Oppedijk van Veen 



0.30 0.30 0.30 

0.05 0.05 0.05 

0.00 0.00 0.00 

Associate professors dr. H.M.J.J. Snelders 0.50 0.50 0.50 

Assistant professors dr.ir. S.C. Mooy 0.10 0.20 0.10 




PhD students 

drs. S.A. Rijsdijk 

drs. H.G. Veldhuizen 

drs. A. Ait El Houssi 

1.00 

1.00 

1.00 

1.00 

1.00 

1.00 

1.00 

1.00 

1.00 




Veldhuizen has recently submitted two papers to scientific journals. One paper on the 

consequences of market knowledge use in high-tech new product development is now in the 

second round of review at the Journal of Product Innovation Management. The other paper on 

the antecedents of market knowledge use has been sent out for review to the Journal of 

Engineering & Technology Management. Rijsdijk submitted his paper on the development of a 

scale to measure product smartness to the A-level Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 

(JAMS). This paper is now in the second round of review. Another conference paper by Rijsdijk 

on product smartness dimensions and their interactions was invited to be submitted to JPM. El 

Houssi won the price for the best paper based on a doctoral dissertation at EMAC, and got her 

next paper accepted for the ACR conference. Both papers address the question whether the use 

of analogies in marketing communications is helpful to increase consumer comprehension of a 

new high-tech product. Papers by Hultink on market orientation in new product launch got 

published or accepted in 2004 in journals such as R&D Management, Journal of Product 

Innovation Management, and Industrial Marketing Management. He was also selected to be one 

114


of the 30 world-wide most active and prolific researchers in the Technology Innovation 

Management field by the International Association for Management of Technology (IAMOT). 


Rijsdijk, SA, & Hultink, HJ (2003). "Honey, have you seen our hamster?": consumer evaluations 

of autonomous domestic products Journal of product innovation management 20, 204-216. 








Monographs 1 1 2 

Ph.D. theses 




Santema, SC, & Rijt, J van de (2001). Strategy disclosure in Dutch annual reports. European 

Management Journal 19 (1), 101-108. 

Thoelke, J.M., Hultink, HJ, & Robben, H.S.J. (2001). Launching new product features: a multiple 

case examination. Journal of product innovation management 18, 3-14. 


Santema, SC (2001). E-business in interactieperspectief. In S.C. Santema (Ed.), Marketing voorbij 

2001: de visie van 11 hoogleraren (pp. 209-225). CEBO. 

Santema, SC (2001). Marketing voorbij 2001, oordelen over tien stellingen. In S.C. Santema 

(Ed.), Marketing voorbij 2001: de visie van 11 hoogleraren (pp. 23-34). CEBO. 


Ait El Houssi, A., & Mooy, SC (2001). Making the invisible visible and comprehensible: using 

learning by analogy to communicate imperceptible functionalities. In P.J. Kitchen (Ed.), 

Proceedings of the 6th international conference on corpor@te and m@rketing communications, 

April 23-24 (pp. 164-165). 

115


Langerak, F., & Hultink, HJ (2001). The proficiency in new product commercialization activities of 

market-oriented firms. In E. Breivik, A.W. Falkenberg & K. Gronhaug (Eds.), Proceedings from the 

30th EMAC conference (pp. 1-5). Stockholm: European Marketing Academy. 

Lloyd, PA, & Snelders, HMJJ (2001). What was Philippe Starck thinking of?. In P.A. Lloyd & 

H.H.C.M. Christiaans (Eds.), Proceedings of DTRS 5 (pp. 241-256). Delft: DUP Science. 

Mooy, SC, & Robben, H.S.J. (2001). The effect of product typicality on information processing in 

a direct experience situation. In E. Breivik, A.W. Falkenberg & K. Gronhaug (Eds.), Proceedings 

from the 30th EMAC conference (pp. 1-5). Stockholm: European Marketing Academy. 

Rijsdijk, SA, & Hultink, HJ (2001). Consumer responses to smart domestic products. In (Ed.), 8th 

international product development management conference, June 11-12 (pp. 753-766). 

Rijsdijk, SA, & Hultink, HJ (2001). Honey, have you seen our hamster? : consumer responses to 

smart domestic products. In E. Breivik, A.W. Falkenberg & K. Gronhaug (Eds.), Proceedings from 

the 30th EMAC conference, May 8-11 (CD-ROM) (pp. 1-6). Stockholm: European Marketing 

Academy. 

Veldhuizen, H.G., Hultink, HJ, & Griffin, A.J. (2001). A market information model for the 

development of new intelligent products. In (Ed.), 8th international product development 

management conference, June 11-12 (pp. 933-947). 


Mooy, SC (2001). Product: Baby Care-flessenwarmer- en sterilisator. Marketing Actueel, 5. 

Mooy, SC (2001). Product: Chrysler PT Cruiser. Marketing Actueel, 5. 

Mooy, SC (2001). Product: Huggies luiers. Marketing Actueel, 5. 

Mooy, SC (2001). Product: Senseo Crema. Marketing Actueel, 5. 

Mooy, SC (2001). Productintroductie: Ambi Pur Car. Marketing Actueel, 5. 

Rijsdijk, SA (2001). Product: Blackberry from Telfort. Marketing Actueel, 5. 

Rijsdijk, SA (2001). Product: HP Laserjet 4100. Marketing Actueel, 5. 

Rijsdijk, SA (2001). Product: Siemens wasautomaat WIQ 1430. Marketing Actueel, 5. 

Santema, SC (2001). De 4 P's zijn nog niet passé: twaalf hoogleraren over marketing. Tijdschrift 

voor marketing 35 (10), 36-39. 

Santema, SC, & Posthuma, S. (2001). Interactie marketing model en E-business. MEC Marketeer 

8 (35), 24-27. 

Veldhuizen, H.G. (2001). Product: 2viewvideo. Marketing Actueel, 5. 

Veldhuizen, H.G. (2001). Product: Grolsch 2.5 pink grapefruit. Marketing Actueel, 5. 

Veldhuizen, H.G. (2001). Product: Philips DVD recorder (DVDR-1000). Marketing Actueel, 5. 

116


2002 


Debruyne, M, Moenaert, R, Griffin, A, Hart, S, Hultink, HJ & Robben, H (2002). The impact of 

new product launch strategies on competitive reaction in industrial markets. Journal of product 


Genang, R & Santema, SC (2002). Rethinking education: from teacher led to learner led learning. 

CSS Journal (Computers in the Social Studies), 10(1). 

Hultink, HJ & Langerak, F (2002). Launch decisions and competitive reactions: an exploratory 

market signaling study. Journal of product innovation management, 19, 199-212. 

Mooy, SC & Robben, HSJ (2002). Managing consumers' product evaluations through direct 

product experience. Journal of product & brand management, 11(6-7), 432-446. 

Vanhamme, J & Snelders, HMJJ (2001). The role of surprise in satisfaction judgements. Journal 

of Consumer Satisfaction, Dissatisfaction and Complaining Behaviour, 14, 27-45. 


Creusen, MEH & Snelders, HMJJ (2002). Product appearance and consumer pleasure. In Green, 

WS & Jordan, PW (Ed.), Pleasure with products: beyond usability. (pp. 69-75). London: Taylor & 

Francis. 


Dieffenthaler, AR, Tooren, MJL van (Ch. System Integration: Aircraft Design), Santema, SC & 

Beukers, A (Ch. Production Technology) (2002). Assessing the potential of high-technology new 

ventures. In -- (Ed.), InnoVisions - International conference on innovation and entrepreneurship. 

(pp. 1-15). 

Rijsdijk, SA & Hultink, HJ (2002). Product smartness: scale development and validation. In 

Farhangmehr, M (Ed.), Marketing in a changing world: scope opportunities and challenges. 

(pp. 1-6). Braga: University of Minho. 

Rijsdijk, SA & Hultink, HJ (2002). The impact of product smartness on consumer satisfaction 

through product advantage, complexity, and compatibility. In Kahn, KB (Ed.), Tomorrow's 

product today - from imagination to implementation, PDMA Research conference proceedings 

2002. (pp. 177-196). Product Development and Management Association. 

Rijsdijk, SA & Hultink, HJ (2002). Smart, smarter, smartest: the development of a measure for an 

emerging product characteristic. In -- (Ed.), 9th international product development management 

conference. (pp. 743-757). 

Veen, W (Sect. Education & Technology), Valkenburg, WF van (Sect. Education & Technology), 

Santema, SC & Genang, R (2002). The new generation working force: the Homo Zappiens. In 

Driscoll, M & Reeves, TC (Ed.), E-learn 2002. (pp. 1093-1095). AACE. 

117


Monographs 

Santema, SC (2002). Visie op beleid: in gesprek over de rol van het jaarverslag. Baarn: Scenter, 

116 pp. 


Rijsdijk, SA & Hultink, HJ (2002). Consumentenproducten krijgen steeds hoger IQ. Eye, 5(11), 

6-7. 

Rijt, J van de, Santema, SC & Essen, A-S (2002). De effectiviteit van het planningsproces. 

Hospitality management, 44-45. 

Santema, SC & Rijt, J van de (2002). Bouwen aan relaties. De ontwerpmanager, 5, 21-25. 

Santema, SC & Rijt, J van de (2002). CRM in business to business: de cruciale rol van 

inkoopgedrag. Tijdschrift voor marketing, 36(12), 48-49. 

Santema, SC & Rijt, J van de (2002). Het hoe en waarom van marketingplanning. Bedrijfskundig 

vakblad, 14(3), 18-22. 

Santema, SC & Rijt, J van de (2002). Marktkennis in b-to-b: voor elke klant een eigen actieplan. 

Tijdschrift voor marketing, 36(10), 42-43. 

Santema, SC (2002). Spanningsvelden tussen diensten en afnemer. Food commITment, 5(2), 

4-5. 

Santema, SC & Rijt, J van de (2002). 4.E.1 Het hoe en waarom van verkoopplanning. In -- (Ed.), 

Praktijkboek Sales. (pp. 4.E.1-01-4.E.1-11). Deventer: Kluwer. 

Santema, SC & Rijt, J van de (2002). 4.E.3 Effectieve verkoopplannen: de kunst van het kiezen. 

In -- (Ed.), Praktijkboek Sales. (pp. 4.E.3-01-4.E.3-13). Deventer: Kluwer. 

Santema, SC & Rijt, J van de (2002). 4.E.4 Effectieve verkoopplannen: de kunst van het kiezen 

(deel II). In -- (Ed.), Praktijkboek Sales. (pp. 4.E.4-01-4.E.4-12). Deventer: Kluwer. 

Santema, SC (21-12-2001). E-business in ketenperspectief. (). Eindhoven: TU Eindhoven. pp 27. 



Hart, S, Hultink, HJ, Tzokas, N, & Commandeur, HR (2003). Industrial companies' evaluation 

criteria in new product development gates Journal of product innovation management 20, 22-36. 

Rijsdijk, SA, & Hultink, HJ (2003). "Honey, have you seen our hamster?": consumer evaluations 

of autonomous domestic products Journal of product innovation management 20, 204-216. 

118



Ait El Houssi, A., Morel, KPN, & Hultink, HJ (2003). The effectiveness of true analogies for 

consumer learning of really new products. In s.n. (Ed.), Marketing: responsible and relevant? 

(pp. 1-7). s.l.: s.n.. 

Garrett, T, Hultink, HJ, & Otten, M (2003). International packaging decisions and the new 

peoduct development process. In s.n. (Ed.), 10th international product development 

management conference (pp. 313-327). s.l.: s.n.. 

Rijsdijk, SA, & Hultink, HJ (2003). Defining and measuring new product advantage with formative 

indicators. In s.n. (Ed.), 10th international product development management conference 

(pp. 889-898). s.l.: s.n.. 

Vanhamme, J, & Snelders, HMJJ (2003). What if you surprise your customers..will they be more 

satisfied/? findings from a pilot experiment. In PA Keller & DW Rook (Eds.), Advances in 

consumer rsearch annual conference Vol. 30. Advances in consumer research (pp. 48-53). 

Valdacosta: Association for Consumer Research. 

Veldhuizen, H.G., Hultink, HJ, & Griffin, A (2003). Market information processing for high-tech 

products: an empirical investigation. In s.n. (Ed.), 10th international product development 

management conference (pp. 1119-1133). s.l.: s.n.. 

Veldhuizen, H.G., Hultink, HJ, & Griffin, A (2003). Market information processing for more 

innovative products: does market information use matter?. In G Barczak (Ed.), The business of 

product development: people, process & technology across the life cycle (pp. 11-33). s.l.: s.n.. 

Monographs 

Driel, H van, Ait El Houssi, A., Kaashoek, P, Morel, KPN, Stokmans, M, & Vink, NY (2003). 

Consument en web: een inleiding digitale marketingcommunicatie Amsterdam: Boom. 


Dresselhuys, C, Snelders, HMJJ, & Schoormans, JPL (2003). Horizontale productlijnen, een goed 

idee? Product 11 (5), 2-6. 

119



Title 


Design for healthy environments 

Dr. ir. R.H.M. Goossens 

The main focus of the research is on the reduction of the strain on the human body during 

professional product use. The emphasis is on the musculo-skeletal system and skin. The 

approach entails mathematical modeling, verification experiments on anatomical specimens as 

well as healthy subjects and patients. The goal is to generate design requirements for products 

so that these do not cause complaints on the musculoskeletal system of the users. The 

requirements should anticipate the implementation of these products on a large scale and in 

every day activities. One goal of this research is to 

obtain insight in problems for the user such as pressure sores, RSI, low back pain, discomfort 

and lipoatrophia semicircularis. Understanding the underlying medical aspects of these complaints 

and the anatomical deviations of the different users form the basis for biomechanical modeling. 

Another focus is on designing products that provide an optimal human-product interaction 

necessary to guarantee quality in surgical performance. 



The research is concerned with the implementation of a dynamic biomechanical model of the 

musculo-skeletal system (Anybody) in body supports and with tools that can be used in the 

design process. Another subject is the generation of knowledge and a design approach for 

products in minimal invasive surgery, such as tele-operation of products, for situations in which 

the product handling and vision of the user are indirect. 


The research in minimal invasive surgery is focused on the design of the Surgeons Cockpit, 

where a physical as well as an informational interface for surgeons will be created, based on 

findings of PhD and research students. 


A grant has recently been awarded from the Catharina Hospital, while an STW application is in 

progress. A new collaboration has been set up with project group ESQUIRE of the Erasmus 

Medical Center. 

120





Full professors prof.dr.ir. C.J. Snijders 0.10 

Associate professors dr.ir. R.H.M. Goossens 0.20 0.30 0.30 

Assistant professors dr.ir. M.A. van Veelen 0.80 0.80 




PhD students ir. M.A. van Veelen 0.90 




The main results of the research sre: 

• Design outline for future operation rooms in Mininal Invasive Surgery 

• New design guidelines for (office) chairs 


Goossens, RHM, Snijders, CJ, Roelofs, GY, & Buchem, F (2003). Free shoulder space 

requirements in the design of high backrests Ergonomics 46 (5), 518-530. 

Veelen, MA van (2003). Human-product interaction in minimally invasive surgery: a design vision 

for innovative products Delft University of Technology (243 pag.). Prom./coprom.: Jacobs, JJ, & 

Snijders, CJ 






Academic publications in conference proceedings 1 1 


Monographs 



121




Deursen, DL van, Deursen, L.L.J.M. van, Snijders, CJ, & Goossens, RHM (2000). Effect of 

continuous rotary seat pan movements on physiological oedema of the lower extremities during 

prolonged sitting (niet eerder opgenomen). International journal of industrial ergonomics 26, 

521-526. 

Deursen, DL van, Snijders, CJ, Dieen, J.H. van, & et Al., ? (2001). The effect of passive vertebral 

rotation on pressure in the nucleus pulposus. Journal of biomechanics 34, 405-408. 

Goossens, RHM, & Veelen, MA van (2001). Assessment of ergonomics in laparoscopic surgery. 

Minimally invasive therapy & allied technologies 10 (3), 175-179. 

Putten, E.P. van der, & Snijders, CJ (2001). Shoe design for prevention of injuries in sport 

climbing. Applied ergonomics 32, 379-387. 

Snijders, CJ, Griffioen-Van Dijk, I.P.M., Vlaanderen, E., & Augustijn, C.D. (2001). Responsibilities 

and involvement of players in the development of successful medical products. Technology and 

Health Care 9 (1/2), 105-107. 

Snijders, CJ, Griffioen-Van Dijk, I.P.M., Vlaanderen, E., & Augustijn, C.D. (2001). Responsibilities 

and involvement of players in the development of successful medical products. In (Ed.), Sixth 

biennial conference of the European Society for Engineering and Medicine (pp. 105-107). 

Veelen, MA van, Meijer, D.W., Goossens, RHM, & Snijders, CJ (2001). New ergonomic design 

criteria for handles of laparoscopic dissection forceps. Journal of Laparoendoscopic and Advanced 

Surgical Techniques 11 (1), 17-26. 

Veelen, MA van, Goossens, RHM, Jakimowicz, J.J., Jacobs, JJ, Meijer, D.W., & Snijders, CJ 

(2001). New ergonomic guidelines for laparoscopic instruments. Minimally invasive therapy & 

allied technologies 10 (3), 163-167. 

2002 


Ponson, KJ, Hoek van Dijke, GA, Joosse, P, & Snijders, CJ (2002). Improvement of external 

fixator performance in type C pelvic ring injuries by plating of the pubic symphysis: an 

experimental study on 12 external fixators. Journal of trauma-injury infection and critical care 53 

(5), 907-913. 

Veelen, MA van, Kazemier, G, Koopman, J, Goossens, RHM, & Meijer, DW (2002). Assessment of 

the ergonomically optimal operating surface height for laparoscopic surgery. Journal of 

laparoendoscopic & advanced surgical techniques- part a 12 (1), 47-52. 

Veelen, MA van, Jakimowicz, JJ, Goossens, RHM, Meijer, DW, & Bussmann, JBJ (2002). 

Evaluation of the usability of two types of image display systems, during laparoscopy. Surgical 

endoscopy-ultrasound and interventional techniques 16 (4), 674-678. 

122


Veelen, MA van, Meijer, DW, Goossens, RHM, Snijders, CJ, & Jakimowicz, JJ (2002). Improved 

usability of a new handle design for laparoscopic dissection forceps. Surgical endoscopyultrasound 

and interventional techniques 16, 201-207. 

Snijders, CJ, Goossens, RHM, & Vink, P (2002). Comfortabele collegebanken. In P Vink (Ed.), 

Comfortabel en slim werken (pp. 76-77). Zeist: Kerckebosch bv. 



Goossens, RHM, Snijders, CJ, Roelofs, GY, & Buchem, F (2003). Free shoulder space 

requirements in the design of high backrests Ergonomics 46 (5), 518-530. 

Plantenga, RA, Voorbij, AIM, Snijders, CJ, & Voorbach, H (2003). Work load reduction through a 

new roll container traction device Disability and rehabilitation 25 (4-5), 242-246. 

Tuijthof, GJM, Engelen, SJPM van, Herder, JL, Goossens, RHM, Snijders, CJ, & Dijk, CN van 

(2003). Ergonomic handle for an arthroscopic cutter Minimally invasive therapy & allied 

technologies 12 (1-2), 82-90. 

Veelen, MA van, Nederlof, EAL, Goossens, RHM, Schot, CJ, & Jakimowicz, JJ (2003). Ergonomic 

problems encountered by the medical team related to products used for minimally invasive 

surgery Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 17, 1077-1081. 

Veelen, MA van, Snijders, CJ, Leeuwen, E van, Goossens, RHM, & Kazemier, G (2003). 

Improvement of foot pedals used during surgery based on new ergonomic guidelines Surgical 

endoscopy and other interventional techniques 17, 1086-1091. 

Veelen, MA van, Meijer, DW, Uijttewaal, I, Goossens, RHM, Snijders, CJ, & Kazemier, G (2003). 

Improvement of the laparascopic needle holder based on new ergonomic guidelines Surgical 

endoscopy and other interventional techniques 17, 699-703. 


Goossens, RHM, & Snijders, CJ (2003). Just noticeable pressure differences on the buttocks. In 

s.n. (Ed.), IEA 2003 (pp. 1-4). s.l.: s.n.. 

Ph.D. theses 

Veelen, MA van (31-03-2003). Human-product interaction in minimally invasive surgery: a design 

vision for innovative products Delft University of Technology (243 pag.). Prom./coprom.: 

Jacobs, JJ, & Snijders, CJ 

123



Title 


Dynamic anthropometry 

Dr. ir. J.F.M. Molenbroek 

This research has a focus on understanding human-product and goal interaction during product 

use starting from an anthropometric point of view, emphasizing the wide variance in the 

population of users. There is no exclusion of target groups or lifestyles; dependent living elderly 

and students with RSI are examples of relevant populations. In many cases understanding and 

describing the interaction between man and product cannot be in physical terms only, but require 

cognitive and perceptual aspects too. This certainly holds when the dynamics of product usage is 

the focus of research. The goal of this research is twofold: first, an analysis of these dynamic 

aspects during use; second, development of tools to provide these data to the designer of 

everyday products. 



The research is dealing the following issues. (1) The causal factors of RSI in terms of user 

activities, and how these factors can be neutralized by design. (2) AIS (Anthropometric 

Information System). On the basis of mathematical modeling, 1-D and 2-D data can be 

‘dynamized’ into 3-D data, including a time axis (4-D). Methods to present the to designers in a 

significant and applicable way.(3) Computer based tools and the extent predictions on the basis 

of such tools may be biased as a consequence of the way of tool application.(4) Observational 

study into the usage of ladders and the study of participatory ergonomics. 


The focus is shifting to 3D Photogrammetry of humans in relation to 

the development of educational tools for designers. Another possible focus point is to explore our 

increasing knowledge on the usage of elderly and handicapped of toilet and hygiene products 

through our current (EU-funded) Friendly Rest Room project. 


One of the spinn offs of the European FRR network is the involvement in HYPER, a new 

EU-project that will research and develop innovative products in the field of hygiene for elderly 

and handicapped. This subsidy will be requested within the 7th framework and together with our 

partner CSO from Debrecen, Hungary. 

124





Full professors prof.dr.ir. P. Vink 0.00 0.10 0.05 

Associate professors dr.ir. J.F.M. Molenbroek 0.30 0.20 0.40 

Assistant professors ir. M.C. Dekker 

ir. P.N. Hoekstra 

ir. I.A. Ruiter 

0.20 

0.40 

0.10 

0.50 

0.30 

0.10 

0.35 

0.30 

0.10 



Non-tenured staff ir. R. de Bruin 

M.H. van Weeren 

ir. R. Veenstra 

0.50 

0.20 

0.10 

dr.ir. A.I.M. Voorbij 0.50 

PhD students B. Zhang M.Sc. 1.00 1.00 1.00 




A succesful completion of the EU-GENIE-project: a collaboration of 44 partners in the field of 

gerontechnology see www.io.tudelft.nl/research/ergonomics/genie. 

A journal paper about this project has been published in 2004. in Gerontechnology. 

The start of the Friendly Rest Room project (3 Million Euro), coordinated by Molenbroek and de 

Bruin. This project was presented at the conference Include in London in 2003 

As a spin-off of the Geron-project (1993-1998), a journal paper about the forces of emergency 

doors was published in Applied Ergonomics in 2001, which caused a lot of publicity. 

Trough the Delft anthropometric measurements of 2400 children in 1993 the CEN-standard of 

school furniture is essential modified on 3 points: 

-with a new 7th seat height (for the tall Dutch) 

-with another key dimension (popliteal height in stead of stature) 

-with a user friendly manual and a simple measuring equipment that explains how the standard 

works 

This was published also in Applied Ergonomics in January 2003 

The DINED-table has lasted 20 years (1982-2002) as a standard for a good estimation of the 

anthropometry of Dutch adults; This is also available trough internet for designers on an 

interactive way on the website of Dynamic Anthropometry www.dined.nl 

Together with TNO a new design has been made in 2003 

In 2000 a international group WEAR was founded during the Ergonomics 

Conference in SAN DIEGO; the objective of WEAR is to develop a web portal 

to show which country has which anthropometry available and to make this 

accessible. See http://ovrt.nist.gov/projects/wear/ 

125



Molenbroek, JFM, Kroon-Ramaekers, YMT, & Snijders, CJ (2003). Revision of the design of a 

standard for the dimensions of school furniture Ergonomics 46 (7), 681-694. 








Monographs 





Bruin, R de, & Molenbroek, JFM (2001). RSI bij studenten: een casestudie naar de omvang, ernst 

en oorzaken van RSI-gerelateerde klachten. Tijdschrift voor ergonomie 26 (4), 17-28. 

Looze, M.P. de, Urlings, I.J.M., Vink, P, & et Al., ? (2001). Towards successful physical stress 

reducing products: an evaluation of seven cases. Applied ergonomics 32 (5), 525-534. 

Molenbroek, JFM, & Voorbij, AIM (2001). Aanzet tot een nieuwe Nederlandse antropometrie-tabel 

voor lichaamsmaten: de DINED revisited. Tijdschrift voor ergonomie 26 (3), 25-30. 

Vink, P, Pennock, H., Scheijndel, P. van, & Dort, B. van (2001). Verschillende rollen bij het 

toepassen van partitatieve ergonomie. Tijdschrift voor ergonomie 26 (3), 19-23. 

Voorbij, AIM, & Steenbekkers, LPA (2001). The composition of a graph on the decline of total 

body strength with age based on pushing, pulling, twisting and gripping force. Applied 

ergonomics 32, 287-292. 


Zhang, B, & Molenbroek, JFM (2001). 3D anthropometric data to support human centered 

industrial design. In (Ed.), Occupational ergonomics (pp. 142-144). Tianjin Science and 

Technology Press. 

126



Hoekstra, PN (2001). Some notes on the issue of anthropometrical accuracy in digital human 

modeling manikins. In K.M. Robinette & et Al. (Eds.), SAE digital human modeling for design and 

engineering conference (pp. 1-7). Warrendale: Society of Automotive Engineers. 

Jong, AM de (2001). A three-phased model of participatory ergonomics processes to improve 

work in the construction industry. In (Ed.), Proceedings of the international conference on 

promotion of health through ergonomic working and living conditions (pp. 383-387). Tampere, 

Finland: University of Tampere. 

Ruiter, IA (2001). Applied ergonomics - teaching ergonomics to first-year students. In 

L.M. Pacholski, J.S. Marcinkowski & W.M. Horst (Eds.), Proceedings of the 17th international 

seminar of ergonomics teachers (pp. 157-166). Poznan (Poland): Poznan University of 

Technology. 

Ruiter, IA (2001). Development of a checklist for the use of anthropometric man-models. In 

(Ed.), 2001 digital human modeling for design and engineering conference proceedings (pp. 1-5). 

Warrendale: Society of Automotive Engineers. 


Groot, M.D. de, & Molenbroek, JFM (2001). Zintuigstimulering: nieuw snoezelmateriaal voor 

mannen met dementie. Tijdschrift voor Gerontologie en Geriatrie 32 (okt.), 210-212. 

Hoekstra, PN (2001). Computer manikins: de menselijke werkplek digitaal getoetst. Product 9 

(2), 7-10. 

Molenbroek, JFM (2001). Op maat, ook van ouderen. In (Ed.), Documentatie ouderen en 

technologie (pp. 111-118). Groningen: KITTZ. 

Molenbroek, JFM, Stephan, C.A., & Swarte, G. (2001). Design for all in werksituaties: 

inventarisatie van werkaanpassingen. : Ministerie van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid. 

Steenbekkers, LPA (2001). Ontwerprelevante ergonomische gegevens van ouderen in Nederland. 

In (Ed.), Documentatie ouderen en technologie (pp. 119-125). Groningen: KITTZ. 

2002 


Haines, H, Wilson, JR, Vink, P, & Koningsveld, E (2002). Validating a framework for the 

participatory ergonomics (the PEF). Ergonomics 45 (4), 309-327. 

Jong, AM de, & Vink, P (2002). Participatory ergonomics applied in installation work. Applied 

ergonomics 33 (5), 439-448. 

127


Lingen, P van, Rhijn, JW van, Looze, M de, Vink, P, Koningsveld, E, Tuinzaad, G, & Leskinen, T 

(2002). ERGOtool for the integral improvement of ergonomics and process flow in assembly. 


Veenstra, R, & Molenbroek, JFM (2002). Design for All, de stand van zaken. Tijdschrift voor 

ergonomie 27 (5), 19-22. 

Vink, P, Miedema, M, Koningsveld, E, & Molen, H van der (2002). Physical effects of new devices 

for bricklayers. International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics 8 (1), 71-82. 

Voorbij, AIM, & Steenbekkers, LPA (2002). The twisting force of aged consumers when opening a 

jar. Applied ergonomics 33, 105-109. 


Eijnatten, F.M. van, & Vink, P (2002). Participative simulation in the PSIM project. In FM van 

Eijnatten (Ed.), Intelligent manufacturing through participation - A participative simulation 

environment for integral manufacturing enterprise renewal (pp. 9-19). Hoofddorp: TNO Arbeid. 

Molenbroek, JFM, Snijders, CJ, & Vink, P (2002). Comfortabele schoolbanken. In P Vink (Ed.), 


Overbeeke, CJ, & Vink, P (2002). Comfortabel zitten door aanpassing aan emotie. In P Vink (Ed.), 


Overbeeke, CJ, Vink, P, & Cheung, FK (2002). The emotion-aware office chair. An exploratory 

study. In (Ed.), Report of Modeling the Evaluation Structure of KANSEI 2001 (Evaluation of 

Kansei, 5, pp. 117-121). Tsukuba, Japan: University of Tsukuba. 

Vink, P (2002). Comfortabel en slim werken. Zeist: Kerckebosch bv. 

Vink, P, & Beune, E (2002). Participatieve ergonomie. In p Voskamp, PAM van Scheijndel & KJ 

Peereboom (Eds.), Handboek ergonomie (pp. 327-336). Alphen aan den Rijn: Kluwer. 

Vink, P, & Eijnatten, F.M. van (2002). Participation: a key for intelligent manufacturing. In B 

Stanford-Smith, E Chiozza & M Edin (Eds.), Challenges and achievements in E-business and 

E-work, part 2 (pp. 1328-1335). Amsterdam: IOS. 

Vink, P, Overbeeke, CJ, & Krause, F (2002). Overwegingen over comfort. In P Vink (Ed.), 



Bovenkamp, M van de, Jongkind, R, Rhijn, JW van, Eijnatten, F.M. van, Grote, G, Lehtelä, J, 

Leskinen, T, Vink, P, Little, S, & Wäfler, T (2002). The E/S tool: IT-support for ergonomic and 

sociotechnical system design. In H Arisawa, Y Kambayashi, V Kumar, HC Mayr & I Hunt (Eds.), 

Conceptual modeling for new information systems technologies Vol. 2465. Lecture notes in 

computer science (pp. 67-80). Berlin: Springer. 

128


Jong, AM de, Vink, P, & Koningsveld, E (2002). Factors influencing adoption of innovations: the 

use of participation in a case-study on glaziers' work. In S Hecker (Ed.), Power through 

partnerships conference proceedings (pp. 433-437). 

Molenbroek, JFM (2002). Some tools for understanding anthropometry. In HU Lemke, MW 

Vannier, K Inamura, AG Farman, K Doi & JHC Reiber (Eds.), Computer assisted radiology and 

surgery (pp. 593-598). Springer. 

Ruiter, IA (2002). Towards the design of safe(r) products. In LM Pacholski, JS Marcinkowski & 

W Horst (Eds.), Occupational risk in didactic, learning and training of ergonomics, work safety 

and labour protection (pp. 305-312). Poznan: Poznan University of Technology. 

Vink, P, & Eijnatten, F.M. van (2002). Participation: the key to intelligent manufacturing 

improvement. In H Arisawa, Y Kambayashi, V Kumar, HC Mayr & I Hunt (Eds.), Conceptual 

modeling for new information systems technologies Vol. 2465. Lecture notes in computer science 

(pp. 1-9). Berlin: Springer. 

Zhang, B, Molenbroek, JFM, & Snijders, CJ (2002). Fundamental research of mathematical model 

of the human body. In (Ed.), Proceedings of digital human modeling conference, VDI Berichte 

1675 (pp. 65-68). Dusseldorf: VDI Verlag & SAE International. 

Ph.D. theses 

Jong, AM de (26-11-2002). Het verbeteren van arbeidsomstandigheden op de bouwplaats. 

Innoveren op participatieve wijze. Technische Universiteit Delft (137 pag.). (Delft: Technische 

Universiteit Delft). Prom./coprom.: Vink, P, Andriessen, JHTH, Schaefer, WF, Ridder, HAJ de, 

Frings-Dresen, MHW, Cauberg, JJM, & Witteveen, J 


Dekker, MC (2002). www.gerontechnology.info/genie. website. 

Dekker, MC (2002). www.io.tudelft.nl/rsi. website. 

Koningsveld, EAP, Jong, AM de, Kroon, JCA de, & Vink, P (2002). Comfortabel en slim metselen. 

In (Ed.), Comfortabel en slim werken (pp. 94-96). Zeist: Uitgeverij Kerckebosch bv. 

Neveryd, H, Molenbroek, JFM, & Panek, P (2002). Friendly rest rooms for elderly and disabled 

persons - a user centered R&D project. Gerontechnology 2 (1), 94. 

Nicolle, C, Dekker, MC, & Molenbroek, JFM (2002). The GENIE workshops and their contribution 

to curricula for inclusive design. Gerontechnology 2 (1), 152-153. 

Osinga, DSC, Becker, JC, & Vink, P (2002). Comfortabel .... en veilig trambesturen. Product 10 

(5), 35-36. 

Osinga, DSC, Becker, JC, & Vink, P (2002). Design einer komfortablen und sicheren 

Strassenbahn-Fahrerkabine. Stadtverkehr 47 (5), 38-40. 

Vink, P, & Grinten, MP van der (2002). Comfortabel vliegtuigbeladen. Product 10 (2), 27-28. 

129


Vink, P, & Grinten, MP van der (2002). Comfortabel zitten .... door aanpassing emotie. Product 10 

(4), 36-37. 

Vink, P, Jong, AM de, Koningsveld, E, & Molen, H van der (2002). Slim en gezond bouwen: 

ergonomische innovatie in bedrijf (deel2). Arbeidsomstandigheden 78 (3), 46-49. 

Vink, P (12-06-2002). Comfort. (). Delft: TU Delft (48 pag.). 

Vink, P, & Breed, NF (2002). Innovatie, ergonomie en implementatie: verslag van een Senterbijeenkomst 

"Preventie van arbeidsuitval". Tijdschrift voor ergonomie 27 (4), 28-31. 

Jellema, AH (2002). De tussenwervelschijf: mechanische eigenschappen van de 

tussenwervelschijf; gevolgen voor het denken over staan, zitten en beweging. NVBF Nieuwsbrief 

7 (1), 4-10. 



Molenbroek, JFM, Kroon-Ramaekers, YMT, & Snijders, CJ (2003). Revision of the design of a 

standard for the dimensions of school furniture Ergonomics 46 (7), 681-694. 

Groot, M.D. de, Voorbij, AIM, & Molenbroek, JFM (2003). Het gebruik van antropometrische 

gegevens bij het opstellen van normen voor kantoorstoelen Tijdschrift voor ergonomie 28 (4), 

4-12. 

Schotte, ER, Molenbroek, JPM & Rotink, RIM, Heidweiller A.J. & Flipsen, SFJ (2003). Het 

herontwerp van een zuurstofconcentrator. Tijdschrift voor Ergonomie 28 (6), 21-28. 


Bruin, R de, Molenbroek, JFM, Groothuizen, T, & Weeren, MH van (2003). On the development of 

a friendly rest room. In R Coleman & J Myerson (Eds.), Include 2003: inclusive design for society 

and business (pp. 14: 570-14:576). London: Helen Hamlyn Research Centre. 

Molenbroek, JFM, & Steenbekkers, LPA (2003). Age effects in body joint motion of older and 

younger adults. In s.n. (Ed.), IEA 2003 (pp. 1-4). s.l.: s.n.. 

Veenstra, R, & Molenbroek, JFM (2003). Design for all in the working environment: inventory of 

workspace adaptations. In R Coleman & J Myerson (Eds.), Include 2003: inclusive design for 

society and business (pp. 12:488-12:493). London: Helen Hamlyn Research Centre. 


Visser, J., Vink, P, Ruiter, IA, & König, T (2003). Development of a handheld steelfixing tool 

Communiqué, 8-11. 

130


Visser, J., König, T, Ruiter, IA, & Vink, P (2003). Comfortabel betonstaalvlechten Product 11 (4), 

18-19. 

131

132

Appendix 1 

Summary of external research funding to IDE 

Overview of externally funded research projects (second or third stream money) in IDE. Projects 

that started in 2002 or later, with external contribution of more than € 10,000 are listed. 

Project title Project leader Customer / Subsidizer Term Subsidy / 

/ Programme 

Contribution 

Friendly Restroom Molenbroek EU KP5 2002 to 2005 € 252,254 

Residential Gateway Keyson Senter TS 2002 to 2004 € 292,796 

Multi-modal experience Schifferstein NWO VIDI 2002 to 2007 € 404,000 

Tanzania Christiaans, Diehl NUFFIC 2002 to 2004 € 41,438 

E-HUBs - Holonomic UBS Horváth EU 2002 to 2004 € 92,327 

Cactus (Freeband) De Ridder STW 2002 to 2004 € 211,500 

Connecting 3D scanning to 

Vergeest STW 2003 to 2005 € 116,000 

industrial design 

Freeform Shape Techniques for Vergeest STW 2003 to 2005 € 247,400 

Improved .. 

licentie PrEmo Hekkert Procter& Gamble 2003 to 2004 € 38,456 

Meten is weten Vergeest Senter TS 2003 to 2006 € 115,291 

Synenergie Brezet NWO 2003 to 2007 € 217,952 

Rots Matbase-Idemat Remmerswaal Rots Design 2003 to 2008 € 22,500 

Sound design Van Egmond Philips Design 2003 to 2005 € 32,688 

ARIS*ER - Augmented reality in Freudenthal EU KP6 Marie Curie 2004 to 2008 € 369,259 

surgery 

ENGAGE Hekkert EU KP6 Coord. Action 2004 to 2007 € 40,952 

Smart Surroundings Keyson BSIK 2004 to 2007 € 559,127 

I-Share (Freeband) De Ridder BSIK 2004 to 2008 € 195,741 

Secondment of Pieter Desmet at Hekkert Procter& Gamble 2004 € 17,631 

P&G phase 1 

Mr. Clean Magic Motion Van Egmond Procter& Gamble 2004 € 19,235 

Licence PrEmo + further 

Hekkert TNS NIPO 2004 to 2008 > € 40,000 

development 

Applied EcoDesign: sponsoring of Stevels Philips 2004 to 2007 € 75,000 

chair 

Sensory Dominance Schifferstein NWO 2004 to 2009 € 166,721 

Entrance Future Remmerswaal Boon Edam Group 2004 to 2005 € 16,560 

Secondment of Pieter Desmet at 

P&G phase 2 

Hekkert Procter& Gamble 2005 € 18,160 

133

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