Making semiconductor devices
Making semiconductor devices
Making semiconductor devices
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315 280 Electricity and Basic Electronics<br />
<strong>Making</strong> <strong>semiconductor</strong> <strong>devices</strong>
315 280 Electricity and Basic Electronics<br />
Raw silicon is multi-crystalline.<br />
www.mineralgalleries.com
315 280 Electricity and Basic Electronics<br />
When it is going to be<br />
used to make diodes,<br />
transistors and<br />
integrated circuits (op.<br />
Amps. etc.) it needs to<br />
be made into a single<br />
crystal.
315 280 Electricity and Basic Electronics<br />
Silicon wafers stored<br />
in a clean room.
315 280 Electricity and Basic Electronics<br />
Doping with Arsenic gives an<br />
extra electron<br />
Doping with Gallium gives a<br />
missing electron<br />
http://www.mtmi.vu.lt/pfk/funkc_dariniai/sol_st_phys/impurities.htm
315 280 Electricity and Basic Electronics<br />
The resistivity of silicon<br />
changes with the amount of<br />
doping. A large amount of<br />
doping gives an increase in<br />
the number of free electrons<br />
or free holes, so the current<br />
flows more easily, and the<br />
resistance decreases.
315 280 Electricity and Basic Electronics<br />
The lithographic process<br />
http://www.macdiarmid.ac.nz/news/success/alkaisi.php
315 280 Electricity and Basic Electronics<br />
In this machine, silicon<br />
wafers are loaded into a<br />
chamber to be etched with<br />
acid.
315 280 Electricity and Basic Electronics<br />
IC circuits have many<br />
interconnections at different<br />
levels. Here the red is the doped<br />
silicon, onto of the silicon<br />
substrate, and the yellow parts are<br />
metal connections.<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuit
315 280 Electricity and Basic Electronics<br />
Many circuits are<br />
made on a single<br />
crystal slice, called<br />
a wafer.
315 280 Electricity and Basic Electronics<br />
This wafer cutter<br />
cuts the wafer<br />
into individual<br />
integrated circuits<br />
pieces.<br />
http://www.fonondss.com/Files/Image/Blackstar_2008.JPG
315 280 Electricity and Basic Electronics<br />
This piece of silicon<br />
contains a complete<br />
circuit, including diodes,<br />
transistors, resistors,<br />
capacitors and<br />
connections.
315 280 Electricity and Basic Electronics<br />
Contacts are made by using<br />
heat and pressure to attach<br />
wires to the silicon.
315 280 Electricity and Basic Electronics<br />
Testing integrated<br />
circuits before<br />
packaging.<br />
astro.umd.edu
315 280 Electricity and Basic Electronics<br />
http://commons.wiki<br />
media.org/wiki/Ima<br />
ge:Integratedcircuit-open.jpg<br />
http://www.electronetwork.org/education/ic/<br />
http://members.tripod.com/~ComputerLab/chip.jpg
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