Biologically-Respectful Tourism - LinkBC

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SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION This research and review of literature shows that embedding biologicallyrespectful attitudes and behaviours in the consciousness of residents and visitors can be achieved in a community such as the Sunshine Coast through an extensive and effective base of community NGOs. It is clear from this research that a high degree of dedication to environmentally‐themed campaigning continues to be prevalent. Escalating land‐use conflicts between economic sectors, combined with limited success in past protective measures, indicates a call for increased effectiveness of these campaigns in the study area. Improvements in leadership and communications will help overcome obstacles that are preventing pro‐environmental actions from advancing. The high proportion of activist residents on the Coast is similar to the initial establishment of ecotourism in Costa Rica, with great potential for ecotourism to take root in the region. Commercial and non‐commercial tourism and recreation activities already occurring within the region will fall under pressure to deliver experiences in a truly sustainable manner. Successes gleaned from the cases studies of Bhutan, Costa Rica and Haida Gwaii provide the Sunshine Coast and similar regions with guidance on how biologically‐respectful or ethically‐based tourism can develop side by side with conservation values. The conceptual model developed from this research highlighted thirteen core functions of leadership/management and six core functions of a communications realm that can serve as a template to help improve the effectiveness these campaigns have on the Sunshine Coast of BC. This is especially true when it comes to choosing the most appropriate tools and activities to obtain a specific outcome, and to evaluate the success against prime campaign objectives. Moving forward with resolve and a sense of urgency may help propel the preservation of biodiversity and compel overall natural resource stewardship. The Critical Incident Technique proved a useful methodological framework as it allowed a focus on both effective and ineffective strategy as well as revealing tools and tactics that might have been overlooked had the focus been directed to critical success or best practices alone. The research and literature review showed that every level of the community have an essential part to play; environmental NGOs, scientists, industry, government, and residents. As the Sunshine Coast diversifies its economy away from its traditional resource base, it will need alternatives that positively co‐exist with high conservation values of its residents and guardians. Although innovative ways of protecting private land may provide forward movement, it is likely that additional strategies and funding will be needed to sustain the conservation movement in the area. While tools and practices may emerge from SCRD sustainability plans or any future biodiversity or tourism strategy, binding instruments and legislation may be more challenging across the four jurisdictions currently governing the lower Sunshine Coast: the SCRD, the Sechelt Indian Government District, the Town of Gibsons, and the District of Sechelt. When near and off‐shore waters are included, and provincial and federal governments are added to the jurisdictional complexity, this task is further challenged. This compels the Sunshine Coast to consider innovative methods such as the instruments described by Newsome, Dowling & Moore (2005) and also by the Suzuki Foundation’s Policy Options to Protect, Enhance and Restore Natural Capital in B.C.’s Urban Area (Molner, 2011). This study shows these could be applicable and find acceptability widely on the Sunshine Coast. It was also shown in this research that a broad array of organizations have power to influence and activate change through environmentally‐themed campaigns. It is believed the results may be used to foster the foundation of attitudinal change in marketing for policy and planning in nature and nature‐based tourism development. Such action may play a pivotal role in societal, industry and visitor attitudes and actions as well as safeguarding the overall biodiversity of regions like the lower Sunshine Coast. Page 42
REFERENCES Archipelago Management Board (2003). Gwaii Haanas back country management plan. Ardron, J. A., Lash J., & Haggarty, D. (2002). Modelling a network of marine protected areas for the central coast of B.C. Living Oceans Society version 3(1). Arias Sanchez, O. (n.d). Better World Heroes. Retrieved from http://betterworldheroes.ca/pages‐a/arias‐quotees.htm Bell, T. & Adair, M. (2008). Francis Point Provincial Park & Ecological Reserve management plan. BC Parks: Lower mainland Region Environmental Stewardship Division. 1‐35. Betsill, M. M., & Corell E. (2001). NGO influence in international environmental negotiations: A framework for analysis. Global Environmental Politics, 1(4), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 65‐84. Blair‐Whitehead, D. G. (1999). Protected areas: Preserving our future. Local case study Sargeant Bay Provincial Park: An environmental education guide to protecting natural areas. BC Ministry of Land & Parks. Boo, E. (1990). Ecotourism: The potentials and pitfalls. Washington: DC. World Wildlife Fund. 1‐72. Bouman, D., & Scott, A. (2009). The people’s water: The fight for the Sunshine Coast’s drinking watershed. Sunshine Coast Conservation Association. 1‐60. Brett, B., (2003). Ambrose Lake ecological reserve purpose statement BC Parks: Lower mainland Region Environmental Stewardship Division 1‐4. Burgerjon, J., Taylor, T., & Goodwin, K., (2005). The Flora of Sargeant Bay. Sargeant Bay Society. 1‐17. Burgerjon, J. (1990). Sargeant Bay Provincial Park master plan background report. Sargeant Bay Society. 1‐25. Caldwell, L. K. (1985). Cooperation and conflict: International response to environmental issues. Environment 27(1), 6‐12, 38‐39. Canadian Parks and Wilderness Society (2009). The state of Canada’s Parks. Ottawa, ON: CPAWS. 1‐14. Retrieved from http://cpaws.org/uploads/pubs/report‐parks‐2009‐FINAL‐web.pdf Carlysle‐Smith, S. & Evans, C. (2002). Sunshine Coast <strong>Tourism</strong> Partnership – five year strategic business plan 2003‐2007. Sunshine Coast Community Futures Development Corporation, 1‐45. Clapp, J., & Dauvergne, P. (2005). Peril or Prosperity? Mapping worldviews of global environmental change. In Paths to a green world: The political economy of the global environment. 1‐17. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. Clow, K. E, Baack, D. (2012). Integrated advertising, promotion, and marketing communications 5 th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Page 43
Page 1 and 2: CATHERINE A. EVANS INFO@TOURSEXPLOR
Page 3 and 4: The need for education & nature awa
Page 5 and 6: RESEARCH OBJECTIVES The goal of thi
Page 7 and 8: species or charismatic species in r
Page 9 and 10: sustainable models of natural, cult
Page 11 and 12: • Motivational - education, partn
Page 13 and 14: The term ‘incident’ defined in
Page 15 and 16: STEP 5: PROJECT DISSEMINATION The f
Page 17 and 18: TABLE 2: LOPM CAMPAIGN AIMS AND PER
Page 19 and 20: Primary Target codes: Gov = Governm
Page 21 and 22: Regional District parks. Biodiversi
Page 23 and 24: TABLE 4: FOOD SECURITY CAMPAIGN AIM
Page 25 and 26: THE NEED FOR EDUCATION & NATURE AWA
Page 27 and 28: organic gardens. Project Aware Inte
Page 29 and 30: TABLE 6: OTHER CAMPAIGN AIMS AND PE
Page 31 and 32: TOWARDS EFFECTIVE CAMPAIGN STRATEGI
Page 33 and 34: ADOPTING AN EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT PL
Page 35 and 36: For such a small community, excepti
Page 37 and 38: Answer Number of Responses Response
Page 39 and 40: Of interest was that one of the inv
Page 41: campaigns with their vigilance and
Page 45 and 46: Govorchin, R. (n.d). The National P
Page 47 and 48: Princen, T., & Finger M. (2004). En
Page 49 and 50: APPENDIX A: GOALS AND TARGETS BIODI
Page 51 and 52: APPENDIX B: BHUTAN’S GROSS NATION

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