Mr. Jorge El-Khoury - World Energy Council
Mr. Jorge El-Khoury - World Energy Council
Mr. Jorge El-Khoury - World Energy Council
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WEC INTERNATIONAL FORUM<br />
ON THE GRAND INGA PROJECT<br />
Gaborone, Botswana, 16-17 March 2007<br />
ITAIPU<br />
BINACIONAL<br />
Development of International<br />
Cooperation and Partnerships and<br />
Cross-Border Aspects
ITAIPU<br />
BINACIONAL<br />
ITAIPU Hydroelectric Power Plant<br />
The Binational Experience
ITAIPU Hydroelectric Power Plant
Location of the ITAIPU Power Plant<br />
Colombia<br />
Venezuela<br />
Guiana<br />
Suriname<br />
French Guiana<br />
Ecuador<br />
Peru<br />
Chile<br />
Bolivia<br />
Argentina<br />
Paraguay<br />
Brazil<br />
Brasília<br />
S<br />
Uruguay<br />
SE<br />
Rio de<br />
São Janeiro<br />
Paulo<br />
Distances to main cities in<br />
South America<br />
•Asunción (Paraguay)<br />
326 km<br />
•Montevidéo (Uruguai)<br />
959 km<br />
•Buenos Aires (Argentina) 1,350 km<br />
•Brasília (Federal District) 1,414 km<br />
•Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro) 1,500 km<br />
•São Paulo (São Paulo)<br />
1,065 km
Colombia<br />
Venezuela<br />
Binational Power Plants<br />
in Mercosul<br />
Ecuador<br />
Peru<br />
Brazil<br />
ITAIPU<br />
Brazil/Paraguay<br />
14,000 MW<br />
Bolivia<br />
Paraguay<br />
CORPUS<br />
Argentina/Paraguay<br />
2,880 MW<br />
Chile<br />
Argentina<br />
Uruguay<br />
YACIRETÁ<br />
Argentina/Paraguay<br />
3,200 MW<br />
GARABI<br />
Argentina/Brazil<br />
1,500 MW<br />
In Operation<br />
Planned<br />
SALTO GRANDE<br />
Argentina/Uruguay<br />
1,890 MW
ITAIPU Hydroelectric Power Plant
The Partners<br />
BRAZIL<br />
Language: Portuguese<br />
Surface: 8,511,965 km²<br />
2005 GNP: US$ 795 billion<br />
2006 System Load<br />
416 TWh<br />
Brazil<br />
60Hz<br />
PARAGUAY<br />
Language: Spanish<br />
Surface: 406,752 km²<br />
Paraguay<br />
50Hz<br />
2005 GNP: US$ 7.1 billion<br />
2006 System Load<br />
8 TWh
Paraguaian Transmission Network<br />
868.1 km<br />
839.7 km
Brazilian Transmission Network<br />
4,319.4 km<br />
4,394.7 km
Brazilian Transmission Network<br />
on Europe
ITAIPU Hydroelectric Power Plant
General Data<br />
Installed Capacity 14.000 MW<br />
7.000 MW - 50Hz (10 units) & 7.000 MW - 60Hz (10 units)<br />
2004 2005 2006<br />
Average Inflow (m 3 /s) 10,466 11,094 10,785<br />
Power Generation (GWh) 89,912 87,971 92,690<br />
Unit Availability (%) 96.3* 95,8 95,1<br />
Forced Unavailability (%) 0.05 0.30 0.57<br />
Market share (%)<br />
Brazil 22 20 20<br />
Paraguay 97 93 94<br />
Average cost of energy (US$/MWh) 24.72 29.22 30.05<br />
* Availability record
Water Inflow at ITAIPU<br />
18000<br />
16000<br />
Regulated 1983/2006 Non Regulated 1931/2006<br />
14000<br />
12000<br />
10000<br />
8000<br />
Benefits of Regulation<br />
6000<br />
4000<br />
2000<br />
0<br />
jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec
Power Plants<br />
in the Paraná River Basin
Annual <strong>Energy</strong> Production<br />
Millions of MWh<br />
100<br />
90<br />
80<br />
70<br />
60<br />
50<br />
75.0<br />
(Annual Guaranteed <strong>Energy</strong>)<br />
47.2<br />
53.1<br />
57.6<br />
52.3<br />
60.0<br />
69.4<br />
77.2<br />
81.7<br />
89.2<br />
87.8<br />
90.0<br />
93.4<br />
79.3<br />
82.9<br />
89.2<br />
89.9<br />
88.0<br />
92.7<br />
40<br />
35.8<br />
38.5<br />
30<br />
20<br />
21.9<br />
10<br />
0<br />
0.3<br />
6.3<br />
1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Market Share<br />
100.000<br />
35%<br />
Supplied <strong>Energy</strong> (GWh)<br />
80.000<br />
60.000<br />
40.000<br />
20.000<br />
72.910<br />
22%<br />
76.896<br />
22%<br />
82.877<br />
23%<br />
83.182<br />
22%<br />
81.090<br />
20%<br />
84.965<br />
20%<br />
30%<br />
25%<br />
20%<br />
Paraguay<br />
0<br />
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006<br />
15%<br />
Brasil<br />
8.000<br />
7.000<br />
6.364<br />
6.571<br />
7.366<br />
110%<br />
105%<br />
Supplied <strong>Energy</strong> (GWh)<br />
6.000<br />
5.000<br />
4.000<br />
3.000<br />
2.000<br />
1.000<br />
5.563<br />
94%<br />
5.747<br />
93%<br />
5.742<br />
93%<br />
97%<br />
93%<br />
94%<br />
100%<br />
95%<br />
90%<br />
85%<br />
2006 participation is provisory<br />
0<br />
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006<br />
80%
Direct Economic Benefits<br />
ROYALTIES:<br />
Compensation for the use of water resources<br />
• Amount paid from 1984 to 2006: US$ 5.6 billion<br />
• Average: ~ US$ 243.5 million/year<br />
• Distribution in Brasil:<br />
– 10% : Federal government<br />
– 45% : 6 State governments<br />
– 45% : 341 Municipalities<br />
• Distribution in Paraguay:<br />
– Central government - treasury
Benefits<br />
BENEFITS FROM ITAIPU ARE:<br />
Global<br />
<strong>Energy</strong> production helps significantly<br />
the development of BR and PY<br />
AND<br />
Local<br />
- Environment conservation - mitigation<br />
of impacts and compensation<br />
- Social and Ecological Responsibility<br />
- Regional development
ITAIPU Hydroelectric Power Plant
Seven Falls<br />
Region of Border Dispute<br />
Itaipu Hydroelectric Power Plant<br />
Solving Border Dispute<br />
Salto<br />
del<br />
Guairá<br />
Guaira<br />
BRASIL<br />
USINA<br />
DE<br />
ITAIPU<br />
Foz do<br />
Iguaçu<br />
ARGENTINA<br />
Pto.Iguazu<br />
PARAGUAI<br />
Ciudad<br />
del Este<br />
<br />
Itaipu: : intelligent way of solving border demarcation problem.
Iguaçu Act<br />
<br />
The Ministers of Foreign Affairs<br />
of Brazil and Paraguay signed on<br />
June 22, 1966, the Iguaçu Act,<br />
declaring their intention to carry<br />
out, in joint agreement, the study<br />
and evaluation of the technical<br />
and economic feasibility of the<br />
development of the hydraulic<br />
resources in the stretch of the<br />
Paraná River that constitutes<br />
t h e i r b o r d e r .
Feasibility Studies /<br />
Basic Project Design<br />
<br />
<br />
The studies were under the responsibility of the IECO- ELC Consortium,<br />
established by International Engineering Company, San Francisco (USA), and<br />
<strong>El</strong>etroconsult, , of Milan (Italy).<br />
Feasibility Studies :<br />
• Identified 10 sites to concentrate the studies and unfolded 50 different d<br />
project<br />
alternatives;<br />
• All the alternatives were studied and compared, narrowing the selection to 2<br />
schemes:<br />
BASIC DATA<br />
SINGLE DAM<br />
TWO DAMS<br />
High Itaipu Low Itaipu Santa Maria Total<br />
Installed Capacity (MW ) 10,710 7,755 2,385 10,140<br />
Reservoir<br />
Area (Km 2 ) 1,350 140 42 182<br />
Volum e (hm 3 ) 29,000 4,980 440 5,420<br />
Normal Level (m) 220 180 220<br />
Tailwater (m) 100 100 180<br />
Dam Height (m) 171 131 92<br />
Costs of the Installed<br />
Capacity (US$/kW)<br />
190 214 346
ITAIPU Hydroelectric Power Plant
ITAIPU Treaty<br />
Signed in April 1973 between Brazil and Paraguay<br />
OBJECTIVE – Purpose of the Treaty<br />
Article I:<br />
“... The hydroelectrical use of the water resources of the Paraná river, which belong<br />
in condominium to both countries, from and including the Salto Grande de Sete<br />
Quedas falls or Salto del Guairá falls, up to the confluence with the Iguaçu river.”<br />
ITAIPU´s <strong>Energy</strong><br />
Article XIII:<br />
“The energy produced (...) will be equally divided between both countries, each<br />
being entitled (...) to buy the energy that is not employed by the other country for its<br />
own use.”<br />
Sole Paragraph:<br />
“Both High Contracting Parties mutually pledge to purchase jointly or separately, as<br />
accorded between them, the total installed capacity.”’
ITAIPU Treaty<br />
Ownership of the Plant<br />
ITAIPU belongs to ELETROBRÁS and ANDE which equally share its assets.<br />
ITAIPU’s Mandate<br />
Both countries give the right to ITAIPU to exploit the hydroelectric resources of<br />
the Parana river, on the forementioned part, during the validity period of the<br />
Treaty.<br />
Borders<br />
The installations and civil works erected in compliance with the Treaty shall<br />
cause no variation in the border between the two countries, nor a country will<br />
have property or jurisdiction rights over any portion of the other country´s<br />
territory.
Principles for setting the tariff are established in the ITAIPU Treaty<br />
Tariff is set each year taking into account:<br />
Payment of interest and amortization of loans (service of debt);<br />
CHARGES OF THE TREATY<br />
Payment of:<br />
(i) Royalties<br />
(ii) compensation for the use of the Paraguayan half of ITAIPU’s energy<br />
(iii) supervisory charges to ANDE and ELETROBRÁS<br />
(iv) interest on the capital, to ANDE and ELETROBRÁS<br />
Amount necessary to cover exploitation costs. Operational, management<br />
and corporate costs included;<br />
The yearly expenses must match revenue;<br />
Costs will be distributed in portion to contracted power.<br />
ITAIPU Tariff
Relationships<br />
CADOP<br />
Paraguaian<br />
System<br />
ANDE<br />
ITAIPU<br />
ELETROBRÁS<br />
Brazilian<br />
System<br />
CMO
ITAIPU Binational<br />
Corporate Structure<br />
1986<br />
Administration <strong>Council</strong><br />
Executive Board<br />
General Directors<br />
Directorates<br />
1<br />
1<br />
1<br />
1<br />
1<br />
2<br />
2<br />
2<br />
2<br />
2<br />
Finance Technical Coordination Legal Administrative<br />
(1) Executive Director<br />
(2) Director
ITAIPU’s Mission<br />
To generate quality electric power with<br />
social and environmental responsibility,<br />
thus contributing to the social, economic,<br />
touristic and technological sustainable<br />
development in Brasil and in Paraguay.
ITAIPU Hydroelectric Power Plant
Financial Engineering<br />
CAPITAL: US$ 100 million<br />
(50% Brazilian, 50% Paraguayan)<br />
<br />
CONSTRUCTION LOANS:<br />
• Direct cost: US$ 11.7 bi (Loans from 1974 to 1998)<br />
• Interest on Loans: US$ 7.9 bi<br />
<br />
REVENUE<br />
• ITAIPU sells the availability of power (not energy)<br />
• Revenue is to match expenses<br />
• Brazil must buy the power not used by Paraguay<br />
• Brazilian electric utilities must purchase ITAIPU´s<br />
power (Federal Law 5899/73).
Financial Engineering<br />
Sources<br />
OTHER BRAZILIAN<br />
GOVERNMENT<br />
AGENCIES<br />
7.0%<br />
BNDES<br />
6.0%<br />
BUYER´S CREDITS<br />
5.0%<br />
FOREIGN<br />
CURRENCY<br />
28.0%<br />
ELETROBRÁS<br />
53.0%<br />
Others (0.5%) and<br />
Capital US$100<br />
million (0.5%)<br />
1.0%
Time Line<br />
1966<br />
Iguaçu<br />
Act<br />
1973<br />
Itaipu<br />
Treaty<br />
1974<br />
Establishment<br />
Itaipu Binacional<br />
1991<br />
Operation -<br />
18 th th Unit<br />
1998<br />
Bids for Units<br />
9A and 18A<br />
2007<br />
Operation<br />
Unit 18A<br />
66 67 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07<br />
DIPLOMATICAL LANDMARKS<br />
FEASIBILITY STUDIES / BASIC PROJECT<br />
EXECUTIVE PROJECT<br />
MAIN CIVIL WORKS<br />
EQUIPMENTS<br />
COMPLEMENTARY WORKS<br />
OPERATION<br />
66 67 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07<br />
1975<br />
Beginning of<br />
Construction<br />
1984<br />
Operation -<br />
First Unit<br />
2006<br />
Operation -<br />
Unit 9A
Management of Project<br />
Implementation<br />
<br />
Project Engineering<br />
PROJECT COORDINATOR<br />
I<br />
E<br />
C<br />
O<br />
-<br />
E<br />
L<br />
C<br />
IECO - ELC<br />
THEMAG - GCAP<br />
ENGEVIX - GCAP<br />
PROMON - GCAP<br />
HIDROSERVICE - GCAP<br />
International<br />
Companies<br />
National<br />
Companies
Civil Works - 100% National Technology<br />
Management of Project<br />
Implementation<br />
Brazil<br />
U<br />
N<br />
I<br />
C<br />
O<br />
N<br />
CETENCO ENGENHARIA LTDA<br />
CBPO - Cia. Brasileira de Pav. . e Obras<br />
CAMARGO CORREA<br />
ANDRADE GUTIERREZ<br />
MENDEZ JUNIOR<br />
75%<br />
Civil Works<br />
100%<br />
Basic Materials<br />
Civil Works<br />
Paraguay<br />
C<br />
O<br />
N<br />
E<br />
M<br />
P<br />
A<br />
BARRAIL HERMANOS<br />
Cia. . GENERAL DE CONSTRUCIONES<br />
ECCA S.A.<br />
Ing. . CIVIL HERMANOS BAUMANN<br />
ECOMIPA - Eng. Const. Min. Paraguaya<br />
JIMEÑEZ GAONA & LIMA<br />
25%<br />
Civil Works
<strong>El</strong>ectromechanical Erection<br />
Management of Project<br />
Implementation<br />
I<br />
T<br />
A<br />
M<br />
O<br />
N<br />
A ARAUJO - ENGENHARIA E MONTAGEM<br />
EMPRESA BRASILEIRA DE ENHEHARIA - EBE<br />
MONTREAL ENGENHARIA<br />
SADE - SUL AMERICA DE ENHENHARIA<br />
SERTEP - ENGENHARIA E MONTAGEM<br />
TECHINT - CIA TÉCNICA INTERNACIONAL<br />
TENENGE - TEC. NACIONAL DE ENGENHARIA<br />
ULTRATECENGENHARIA<br />
80%<br />
Erection<br />
CIE<br />
CONSORCIO DE INGENIERIA ELETROMECANICA<br />
20%<br />
Erection
Equipment Supply - CIEM Consortium<br />
Management of Project<br />
Implementation<br />
BROWN BOVERI (SUIÇA)<br />
ALSTHOM<br />
CONSÓRCIO ITAIPU<br />
ELETROMECÂNICO<br />
C<br />
I<br />
E<br />
M<br />
BROWN BOVERI (ALEMANHA)<br />
NEYRPIC (FRANÇA)<br />
J. M. VOITH (ALEMANHA)<br />
SIEMENS (ALEMANHA)<br />
BARDELLA<br />
BSI<br />
BROWN BOVERI<br />
MECÃNICA PESADA<br />
> 80 %<br />
National<br />
Supply<br />
SIEMENS<br />
VOITH<br />
<br />
Transformers Supply - CITRAN Consortium<br />
CITRAN<br />
TRAFO UNIÃO<br />
BROWN BOVERI
ITAIPU Hydroelectric Power Plant
Principal Physical Data<br />
DAM<br />
LENGTH<br />
7,853 m<br />
MAXIMUM HEIGHT<br />
196 m<br />
VOLUME OF CONCRETE 12.5 X 10 6 m 3<br />
POWER HOUSE<br />
LENGTH<br />
968 m<br />
20 units with 700 MW each 14,000 MW<br />
RESERVOIR<br />
LENGTH<br />
170 km<br />
MEAN WIDTH<br />
7 km<br />
AREA ( 750 km 2 in BRAZIL and 600 km 2 in PARAGUAY ) 1,350 km 2<br />
TOTAL VOLUME 29 X 10 9 m 3<br />
SPILLWAY<br />
LENGTH<br />
483 m<br />
WIDTH<br />
362 m<br />
MAXIMUM CAPACITY 62,200 m 3 /s<br />
NUMBER OF GATES 14
Comparisons with other Projects<br />
• VOLUME OF EXCAVATION 56.5 x 10 6 m 3<br />
8.5 times that of EUROTUNNEL<br />
• VOLUME OF CONCRETE 12.6 x 10 6 m 3<br />
15 times that of EUROTUNNEL<br />
• HEIGHT OF THE DAM<br />
196 m<br />
65 storey BUILDING<br />
• VOLUME IRON AND STEEL<br />
478 x 10 6 kg<br />
380 EIFFEL TOWERS<br />
40,000 - Maximum simultaneous workforce (1984)<br />
120,000 - Have already worked in ITAIPU
Plan view of the project<br />
Layout ITAIPU Power Plant<br />
Installations<br />
Level of reservoir <strong>El</strong>. 220 m<br />
3<br />
5 4<br />
3 6<br />
2<br />
7<br />
10<br />
9<br />
8<br />
Left earth-fill dam<br />
Rockfill dam<br />
Left wing dam<br />
Diversion structure<br />
Main dam<br />
Power house<br />
Right wing dam<br />
Spillway<br />
Right earth-fill dam<br />
Hernandarias earth-fill (dike)<br />
1
Spillway
Reservoir, Concrete Dam<br />
and Power House<br />
<strong>El</strong>.225 - Crest of the Dam<br />
<strong>El</strong>.220 - Level of reservoir<br />
<strong>El</strong>.145 - Load Dispatch Room<br />
<strong>El</strong>.144 - Penstocks<br />
Production Building<br />
<strong>El</strong>.135 - Central Control Room<br />
<strong>El</strong>.128 - SF 6 - Gas Insulated Substation<br />
<strong>El</strong>.108 - Transformers gallery<br />
Power House<br />
<strong>El</strong>.102 - Mean level of Tailrace<br />
<strong>El</strong>. 98 - Unit 9A Pit<br />
<strong>El</strong>.92 - Generator Unit Axis<br />
<strong>El</strong>.40 - Dam foundation<br />
<strong>El</strong>.9 - Exploratory shaft
Section at the Dam Site
Instrumentation of Dam<br />
and Foundation
Transmission System<br />
associated to the ITAIPU Power Plant<br />
SE FURNAS<br />
SEMD
Transmission System<br />
associated to the ITAIPU Power Plant<br />
LOCAL DETAIL<br />
500kV / 750kV<br />
Paraguay<br />
Converter<br />
Substation<br />
FURNAS
Itaipu’s System Operation<br />
Transmission System associated to the ITAIPU Power Plant<br />
Existing<br />
Substation<br />
Capital<br />
State Capital<br />
BRAZIL<br />
500 kV - 60 Hz<br />
SÃO PAULO<br />
IBIÚNA<br />
PARAGUAY<br />
ANDE<br />
220 kV - 50 Hz<br />
Right<br />
Bank<br />
ASUNCIÓN<br />
ITAIPU<br />
500 kV<br />
60 Hz<br />
500 kV<br />
50 Hz<br />
FOZ DO IGUAÇU<br />
IVAIPORÃ<br />
ITABERÁ<br />
TIJUCO<br />
PRETO<br />
SOUTHERN REGION<br />
CURITIBA<br />
350 km<br />
900 km<br />
ARGENTINA
O & M Optimization Results<br />
Available <strong>Energy</strong> x <strong>Energy</strong> Supplied<br />
Constrained to Installed Capacity<br />
110.000<br />
100.000<br />
90.000<br />
80.000<br />
70.000<br />
<strong>Energy</strong> [GWh]<br />
60.000<br />
50.000<br />
40.000<br />
30.000<br />
20.000<br />
10.000<br />
0<br />
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006<br />
Available 10.578 24.512 43.786 58.691 76.399 85.222 88.034 97.156 93.953 93.843 94.503 93.300 99.676 99.541 95.224 94.395 81.161 88.082 93.925 93.880 93.290 96.327<br />
Supplied 6.114 21.770 35.635 38.355 47.032 52.800 57.299 52.016 59.833 69.175 76.924 81.380 88.864 87.269 89.409 92.506 78.473 82.643 88.618 89.546 87.661 92.331
Availability<br />
and Forced Unavailability<br />
Itaipu implemented 170<br />
modifications on the<br />
original GU project
ITAIPU Hydroelectric Power Plant
Environmental Issues<br />
WE CARE FROM THE BEGINING<br />
. Social and Environmental Responsibility: mission<br />
. Formal environmental branch back to 1973<br />
. Broad variety of initiatives<br />
. Not aimed only to mitigation and compensation<br />
. Not limited to the area of direct impact<br />
. Integration: “Cultivating Good Water” Program
Environmental Initiatives<br />
FORESTRY<br />
FAUNA<br />
CLIMATE<br />
CULTURE<br />
RESERVOIR<br />
OTHERS<br />
Protection Belt<br />
Reserves and Refuges<br />
Biodiversity Corridor<br />
Terrestrial<br />
Aquatic<br />
Effects of the Reservoir<br />
Museums<br />
Environmental education<br />
Water quality<br />
Green-house gases<br />
Aquatic plants<br />
Sediments<br />
Recycling of garbage<br />
Recycling of oil<br />
Substitution of chemicals<br />
CULTIVATING GOOD WATER<br />
Research<br />
Reserves and Refuges<br />
Veterinary Hospital<br />
Research<br />
Piracema Migration Channel<br />
Aquatic parks<br />
Fish production (cage-tank)<br />
Quality Monitoring<br />
Contamination prevention<br />
Conservation program<br />
Soil Conservation Program<br />
Sediment monitoring
Environmental Aspects
Environmental Aspects
Environmental Aspects
Environmental Aspects<br />
BIOLOGICAL REFUGE
Environmental Aspects<br />
ECOMUSEUM
Environmental Aspects<br />
BIODIVERSITY CORRIDOR
Environmental Aspects<br />
BIODIVERSITY CORRIDOR<br />
Average width<br />
Length<br />
Area<br />
- 210 m<br />
- 1.350 km<br />
- 29.000 ha
Environmental and Social Issues<br />
Extreme care exists since the<br />
creation of Itaipu<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Royalties paid to each country is<br />
approximately 230 million dollars/year<br />
The amount paid to the neighboring<br />
municipalities represents an average<br />
52% increase on their budget<br />
Benefits 500 thousand people<br />
Protected areas like Biological<br />
Refuge, Reserves and Protection Belt,<br />
were created, totalizing 1,007 km2
Social initiatives<br />
EDUCATION<br />
Work Initiation<br />
Complementary Education<br />
State university cooperation<br />
Scholarships<br />
Incentive to teach<br />
Use of installations<br />
Incentive to research<br />
HEALTH<br />
“Health on the Frontier”<br />
Hospital<br />
CITIZENSHIP<br />
Combat sexual exploitation<br />
“<strong>Energy</strong> Solidarity”<br />
Gender equality<br />
Incentive to Volunteerism<br />
Influence on suppliers<br />
Education<br />
Professional training<br />
Shelter home
Assistance to the Community<br />
Senior Gym<br />
DIGITAL INCLUSION<br />
AGRICULTURE SOLIDARITY<br />
Ballet for the Children
Health on the Triborder Area
Regional Development Initiatives<br />
REGIONAL<br />
DEVELOPMENT<br />
Itaipu Technologic Park<br />
Organic farming<br />
Alternative cultures<br />
Territorial management<br />
Technological development<br />
Business nursery<br />
Integration<br />
Education<br />
Culture<br />
Recreation centres<br />
Tourism incentive<br />
Sound and light show<br />
Museums<br />
Visit to Biological Reserve<br />
Visit to Piracema Channel<br />
Special visits to dam
Incentive to Tourism<br />
SOUND AND LIGHT SHOW
Incentive to Tourism<br />
VISITS TO ITAIPU DAM
Itaipu Technologic Park
Itaipu Technologic Park<br />
A FOUNDATION CREATED TO PROMOTE<br />
• Social Inclusion;<br />
• Generation of work and revenue;<br />
• Generation of knowledge and its dissemination;<br />
• Development and dissemination of technology.
Itaipu Technologic Park<br />
A G E N T S<br />
Public<br />
Sector<br />
PTI<br />
Universities<br />
and Research<br />
Institutes<br />
Private<br />
Companies<br />
Integration of the main development agents - public and private<br />
sectors, teaching and research institutions.
Itaipu Technologic Park<br />
Programmes and Projects<br />
R e l a t i o n s h i p s<br />
Alternative Energies<br />
•Hydrogen Cells<br />
•Solar <strong>Energy</strong>, etc.<br />
Social Insertion<br />
•Human Rights<br />
•Literacy<br />
•Digital Inclusion<br />
•Professional<br />
Improvement<br />
Examples of Demands<br />
Information Technology<br />
• Software Factory<br />
• Open source code<br />
software<br />
Environment<br />
•Guarani Aquifer Policies<br />
Employment and Income<br />
•Business Nursery<br />
•Management Technology<br />
•Micro and Small Firms<br />
•Technologic Innovation<br />
•Transfer of Technology<br />
Policies for Integration<br />
•Case of the Three Frontiers<br />
•Integrated Tourism Policies<br />
•Iguaçu National Park<br />
Management/Coordination<br />
• Public Universities of Paraná<br />
• Mercosul Universities<br />
• ITAIPU Binacional<br />
• CNI / SENAI / SESI / IEL<br />
• SEBRAE<br />
• ITAI<br />
• Instituto Pólo Internacional Iguassú<br />
• Government Organizations<br />
Basic Infrastructure<br />
Classrooms - Laboratories -<br />
Auditoriums - Incubator of Corporate<br />
Condominiums - Project Rooms and<br />
Libraries<br />
Joint ventures among organizations carrying out programs<br />
aligned to PTI objectives.
ITAIPU Hydroelectric Power Plant
Summing Up<br />
ITAIPU’s Performance<br />
The cumulative power generation of the Itaipu hydro<br />
power plant has reached 1,500 TWh (March 06 2007);<br />
That means 15x10 6 ton.CO 2eq.<br />
If that power had been generated by:<br />
Gas: it’d have been 40 times more: 600x10 6 ton.CO 2eq.<br />
Oil: it’d have been 70 times more: 1,050x10 6 ton.CO 2eq.<br />
Coal: it’d have been 90 times more: 1,350x10 6 ton.CO 2eq.
Summing Up<br />
ITAIPU’s Performance<br />
The performance of the generating units is extremely<br />
satisfactory, even after 22 years of operations;<br />
Equipment performance was enhanced through 170<br />
design modifications devised and implemented by<br />
ITAIPU;
Summing Up<br />
ITAIPU’s Performance<br />
The structural behavior of the dam, the powerhouse<br />
and the spillway is excellent, as attested by a<br />
Board of International Independent Consultants;<br />
Environmental protection measures taken in the<br />
reservoir area have avoided silting.<br />
The HDI of the municipalities surrounding the ITAIPU<br />
reservoir rate among the highest in Brazil.
Final Comments<br />
Fair partnerships between countries with asymmetrical<br />
economies are feasible;<br />
Hydro plants managed with focus on sustainability have<br />
immediate and lasting positive impacts on the<br />
neighboring communities;<br />
Hydroelectric power generation is a renewable, clean<br />
and reliable source of energy, accessible to developing<br />
nations;
Thank you
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