Barbara Bates Center for the Study of the History of Nursing Moves ...

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ISSN 1049-2259
Spring 2009 Vol. 21
Barbara Bates Center for the Study of the
History of Nursing Moves into New Space
Scholars associated with the Bates Center gather in the new Reading Room.
Photo: Felice Macera
The Barbara Bates Center for the
Study of the History of Nursing entered
a fresh phase in September 2009 when
it moved into its quarters in the recently
renovated Claire M. Fagin Hall. The
reconstructed Center is part of the major
renovation project to the School of
Nursing building begun in June 2007.
Now complete, the facility occupies a
convenient location in Fagin Hall with
numerous state-of-the- art features and
provides a welcoming atmosphere for
faculty, students, and scholars.
As visitors enter the Center’s reception
area on the 2U floor of Fagin
Hall directly from the building’s elevators,
they are able to view Dr. Barbara
Bates’ portrait, a familiar painting from
the previous Center. Center Administrative
Assistant Betsy Weiss’s desk is
in the central portion of the reception
space. Center Director Julie Fairman
occupies a spacious office to the left of
the reception area. Also located in the
main reception space is the desk used by
Alice Fisher, the first Chief Nurse and
Superintendent of the Training School
for Nurses at Philadelphia General Hospital.
Adjacent to the reception area is the
Center’s new reading room, a beautiful
space decorated with many of the same
pieces that resided in the reading room
of the former site. These include the
famous Alice Barber painting of Alice
Fisher, an inlaid jewelry chest owned by
Alice Fisher and believed to have been
presented to her by Florence Nightingale,
a portrait of Lula G. Warlick, Director
of the Mercy Hospital and School of
Nursing from 1920 to 1943, and a desk
belonging to Lillian Clayton, Superintendent
and Chief Nurse of Philadelphia
General Hospital from 1915-1930. A
selection of Center books fill the reading
room bookcases. The reading room has
ample space for scholars to carry out research
in a quiet, comfortable area. Visitors
are able to place personal belong-
(continued on page 6)

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Barbara Bates Center for
The Study of The History
of Nursing
The Barbara Bates Center for The Study of
The History of Nursing was established in
1985 to encourage and facilitate historical
scholarship on health care history and nursing
in the United States. Part of the Center’s
mission is to maintain resources for research
to improve the quality and scope of historical
scholarship on nursing; and to disseminate
new knowledge on nursing history through
education, conferences, publications, and
inter-disciplinary collaboration.
Current projects at the Center include studies
of the role of nurses in health care, the history
of hospitals, the forces shaping children’s
health care delivery, the nursing workforce
and the construction of nurses’ personal and
professional lives. The Center also continues
to collect, process, and catalogue an outstanding
collection of primary historical materials.
Center Hours are Monday through Friday,
9:00 am. to 5:00 pm. Scholars planning to
conduct research at the Center should contact
the Center’s curator at 215-898-4502 or email
Betsy Weiss at ehweiss@nursing.upenn.edu.
Our curator will respond with a description of
the scope and content of relevant materials in
the various collections.
Center Advisory Board
Ellen D. Baer, Chair
M. Louise Fitzpatrick, Vice Chair
Lillian Sholtis Brunner
Dorothy del Bueno
Hannah Henderson
Jeanne Kiefner
Ann P. Knight
Nadine Landis
Susan Lindee
Mark Frazier Lloyd
Marian Matez
Rosalyn Watts
Center Staff
Julie Fairman, PhD, RN, FAAN
Director
Patricia D’Antonio, PhD, RN, FAAN
Barbra Mann Wall, PhD, RN
Associate Directors
Karen Buhler-Wilkerson, PhD, RN, FAAN
Joan E. Lynaugh, PhD, RN, FAAN
Directors Emerita
Cynthia Connolly, PhD, RN
Julie Solchaski, PhD, RN, FAAN
Fellows
Jean C. Whelan, PhD, RN
Special Projects Director
Gail E. Farr, MA, CA
Curator
Betsy Weiss, Administrative Assistant
Rita Beatty, Volunteer
News from the Center
Professor Julie Fairman
Bates Center Director
Julie Fairman
Promoted to Professor
In December 2008, Dean Afaf Meleis
announced the promotion of Center
Director Julie Fairman to the rank of
Professor of Nursing. As was noted by
Dean Meleis in the announcement message:
“Dr. Fairman developed an internationally
recognized program of scholarship
related to the history of nursing.
Her scholarly achievements in the area
of nursing history have had an enormous
impact on the field of understanding the
history of health care and health policy
after World War II. Her data-based research
contributes new knowledge and
positions nurses as influential participants
in the negotiation of clinical space
and authority, the shaping and dissemination
of technology, and as a critical perspective
in the history of medicine. In
2004, she was awarded the Agnes Dillon
Randolf Award for Significant Contributions
to the Field of Nursing History
from the University of Virginia.
Dr. Fairman is a superb disseminator
of her analyses and findings. She
has authored two books: Critical Care
Nursing: A History (1998) which was
awarded the American Association for
the History of Nursing’s Lavinia L. Dock
Award, the year it was published; and
Making Room in the Clinic: American
Nurse Practitioners and the Evolution
of Modern Health Care (2008). She is
embarking on her third book focusing
on the role of nurses in the evolution of
health care by providing an historical
overview and critique of American nursing
from 1975 to the present.
This May Dr. Fairman will receive
the Dean’s Award for Exemplary Teaching
– for which she was nominated by
the entire Doctoral Student Organiation
Board and by others for her enduring
impact on her students as future nursing
scholars. Her extraordinary skills have
also been recognized through the receipt
of the Lindback Award for Distinguished
Teaching (in 2007), and the Barbara
Lowery Doctoral Student Organization
Faculty Award for Teaching (in 2003).
She is an outstanding mentor and
receives comments about her coaching
and role modeling that are consistently
couched in accolades.
In addition to her scholarly contribution
Julie Fairman is a gifted and
inspiring member of her division, school
and University, having made significant
contributions throughout her career. She
holds an administrative appointment as
Director of The Barbara Bates Center
for the Study of the History of Nursing,
an internationally-recognized historical
research center. Within the School
of Nursing, Dr. Fairman has served on
numerous committees including chairing
the Doctoral Admissions, Doctoral
Curriculum and Doctoral Progressions
committees during the 2005 to 2007
academic years; and was the first faculty
member elected to chair the Faculty Senate
(in 2003-2004). At the University
level, Dr. Fairman has been an active
and contributing member of a number of
committees including most recently the
Senate Committee on Faculty and the
Administration.”
Congratulations Julie on this tremendous
and well deserved achievement.
Grants
In August, 2008 Dr. Barbra Mann
Wall received a National Library of
Medicine Grant for her upcoming study,
A Comparative History of Twentieth-
Century Catholic Hospitals. Dr. Wall’s
investigation researches the history of
Catholic hospitals from 1925 to 2000

through the lens of four religious nursing
congregations, with special reference to
how religious institutions such as hospitals
attempt to shape social policies in a
pluralistic environment. The end result
will be a full-length book manuscript
that will be of great interest to scholars
of history, nursing, medicine, religion,
gender, immigration, and labor, as well
as to policy strategists. The central problem
the book explores is how Catholic
hospitals have been simultaneously
religious and secular institutions. It will
examine the ways in which that paradox
has manifested itself over the course
of the 20 th century, when market influences
increasingly shaped medicine and
healthcare.
Dr. Barbara Mann Wall also received
a 2008 Eastern Nursing Research
Society/American Nurses Foundation
Award for When Disaster Strikes: Nurses
on the Front Lines, 1900-2001.
Dr. Julie Fairman continues her Investigator
Award in Health Policy from
the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation,
Practice Politics: The History of Nurse
Practitioners, 1975 to the Present.
Dr. Patricia D’Antonio received a
$20,000 grant to support visiting Professor
Maria Elena Medina-Mora of Mexico
as part of the 2009-2010 University’s
Provost’s Distinguished International
Scholars Program. Dr. D’Antonio continues
work on her 2008-2009 National Endowment
for the Humanities Fellowship,
American Nursing: Neighborhood Work
and National Mission.
Dr. Jean Whelan continues her
National Institute of Health, National
Library of Medicine Scholarly Work in
Biomedicine and Health Grant, Never
Enough: Supply and Demand of Nurses,
1900-1965.
Drs. Karen Buhler-Wilkerson and
Jean Whelan continue their National
Institute of Health, National Library of
Medicine Scholarly Work in Biomedicine
and Health Grant Nursing, History
and Healthcare: A Website.
Dr. Julie Sochalski is a co-investigator
on a NIH/NHLBI grant, Market
Competition and the Quality of Home
Health Services.
Dr. Jennifer Hobbs began a VA
Post-Doctoral Nurse Fellowship from
the Department of Veteran Affairs. The
title of her study is Standardizing the
Particular: The Development of Clinical
Barbara Mann Wall on Penn’s Campus.
Photo: Ira Joel Sartorius
Guidelines in Nursing, 1970-1990.
Dr. J. Margo Brooks Carthon
began a joint post-doctoral fellowship
with the Center for Health Outcomes and
Policy Research and the Barbara Bates
Center for the Study of the History of
Nursing.
Doctoral student Jonathan Gilbride
received a Xi Chapter, Sigma Theta Tau
Research Award for his study, Nursing
and the Politics of American Health
Care, 1985-1995.
Doctoral student Winifred Connerton
received the 2008 American Association
of the History of Nursing, H31 Pre-
Doctoral Research Grant for her study,
Have Cap, Will Travel; U.S. Nurses
Abroad 1898-1939. Ms. Connerton also
received a 2008 Xi Chapter, Sigma Theta
Tau Research Award for her study.
Doctoral student Linda Maldonado
received the 2009 Lear Fellowship for
her study, The Maternity Care Coalition:
A Quest for Social Justice.
Awards
Dr. Patricia D’Antonio received
the 2008 American Association for the
History of Nursing M. Adelaide Nut-
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ting Award, for her article,
“Nurses and Wives and Mothers:
Women and the Latter Day
Saints Training School’s Class
of 1919,” Journal of Women’s
History, 19:3 (2007): 112-136
Dr. Cynthia Connolly was
awarded the 2008 American
Association for the History
of Nursing Lavinia L. Dock
Award, for her book, Saving
Sickly Children: The Tuberculosis
Preventorium in American
Life, 1909-1970. New Brunswick,
NJ.: Rutgers University
Press.
Dr. Jennifer Hobbs received
the 2008 American
Association for the History of
Nursing Theresa E. Christy
Award for her dissertation,
Naming Power: A Historical
Analysis of Clinical Information
Systems, 1970-1990.
Publications
Ellen Baer. Zula Mae Barber
Bice Memorial Lecture. “ ‘Do
trained nurses ...work for love, or do
they work for money?’ Nursing and altruism
in the twenty-first century.” Nursing
History Review, 17 (2009): 28-46.
Julie Fairman and Patricia
D’Antonio. “Reimagining nursing’s
place in the history of clinical practice.”
Journal of the History of Medicine and
Allied Sciences, 63:4 (2008): 435-446.
Barbra Mann Wall. “Healing after
disasters in early twentieth-century Texas.”
Advances in Nursing Science, 31:3
(2008): 211-224.
Barbra Mann Wall. “Twenty-five
years of historical scholarship.” Pennsylvania
Nurse, 63:2 (2008): 10-12.
Barbra Mann Wall. “Looking
back: Celebrating nursing history.”
American Journal of Nursing, 108:6
(June 2008): 26-29.
Christopher R. Friese, Eileen T.
Lake, Linda H. Aiken, Jeffrey H.Silber,
Julie Sochalski, “Hospital nurse practice
environments and outcomes for surgical
oncology patients.” Health Services Research,
43:4 (2008): 1145-1163.
Anne Sales, Nancy Sharp, Yu-Fang
Li, Elliott Lowy, Gwendolyn Greiner,
(continued on page 4)

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Bates Nursing History Center Welcomes New Faculty Member
This past September, one of our
Bates Center graduates, Cynthia A. Connolly,
PhD, RN, joined the School of
Nursing faculty as an Associate Professor
of Nursing. Dr. Connolly comes to
the School of Nursing with an impressive
resume. She was awarded a PhD in 1999
and a Bachelors degree in 1980 from the
University of Pennsylvania, School of
Nursing, and received a masters degree
in Primary Care and School Health from
the University of Rochester in 1987. Dr.
Connolly completed a two year Postdoctoral
Fellowship at Columbia University’s
Joseph L. Mailman School of Public
Health in 2003. Her postdoctoral training
at Columbia was enhanced by a fellowship
in the United States Senate with
the late Senator Paul Wellstone [D-Minnesota].
There, she placed contemporary
health care issues into historical context
for current legislative action. She joined
Yale’s faculty in 2003 as an Assistant
Professor at the School of Nursing and
in the History of Medicine program at
the medical school. Prior to her appointment
at Yale, and upon completion of her
doctoral studies, Dr. Connolly taught at
Penn Nursing first as a Lecturer then as
an Adjunct Assistant Professor.
Dr. Connolly has achieved national
and international recognition for her
research analyzing the forces that have
shaped children’s health care delivery
and family policy in the United States.
She is particularly interested in the evolution
of pediatric medical and nursing
practice as well as the way in which
illness has been experienced over time
by children and families. Her work provides
insight into the intellectual foundations
of nursing, particularly early twentieth
century nursing care of children. It
yields new information concerning the
ways in which the identification and assessment
of risk factors is highly culturally
dependent and subject to the biases
of the evaluators and of the predominant
culture, and analyzes the legacy of past
politics in current health and social welfare
policies.
Dr. Connolly recently completed a
project focusing on a unique early twentieth
century intervention, the preventorium.
Her research on the tuberculosis
preventorium was published in 2008 in
her book: Saving Sickly Children: The
Dr. Cynthia Connolly. Photo by Felice Macera
Tuberculosis Preventorium in American
Life, 1909–1970, which was awarded
the 2008 prestigious Lavinia L. Dock
Award for Exemplary Historical Research
and Writing. Her current research
project focuses on a history of children
and the pharmaceutical industry in the
United States.
Dr. Connolly has received high
marks for teaching pre-professional
clinical courses in pediatric nursing,
and for the integration of nursing history
in masters and doctoral courses. Of
note, she was the first member of Yale’s
School of Nursing to develop and teach
an interdisciplinary course on children’s
health in the United States, 1800-2000.
Forty-five Yale students from different
departments competed for 15 spots in
this course. At Penn, Dr. Connolly will
teach undergraduate pediatrics. Welcome
back to Penn Dr. Connolly!
(News from the Center, continued)
Chuan-Fen Liu, Anna Alt-White, RN,
Cathy Rick, Julie Sochalski, Pamela
H. Mitchell, Gary Rosenthal, Cheryl
Stetler, Paulette Cournoyer, Jack
Needleman. “The association between
nursing factors and patient mortality in
the Veterans Health Administration.”
Medical Care, 46:9 (2008): 938-945.
Margaret Grey and Cynthia Connolly.
“ ‘Coming together, keeping
together, working together’: Interdisciplinary
research and nursing, past,
present, future.” Nursing Outlook, 56:3
(2008): 102-107.
Jennifer Hobbs. “A dimensional
analysis of patient-centered care, 2000-
2006.” Nursing Research, 58 (January/
February, 2009): 52-62.
Mindy Zeitzer, J. Margo Brooks.
“In the line of fire: Traumatic Brain injury
among Iraq war veterans.” American
Association of Occupational Health
Nurses Journal, 56:8 (2008): 347-354.
Salimah Meghani, and J. Margo
Brooks. “Patient-provider race-concordance:
Does it matter in improving
minority patients’ health outcomes?”
Ethnicity and Health, 14:1 (2009): 107-
30.
A New Book
Saving Sickly Children: The Tuberculosis
Preventorium in American Life,
1909–1970, (Rutgers University Press,
2008) by University of Pennsylvania
School of Nursing Associate Professor
Cynthia Connolly (see opposite)
traces the rise and fall of a distinctive
American institution, the tuberculosis
preventorium. This book is an outgrowth
of Dr. Connolly’s doctoral dissertation,
“Prevention Through Detention: The
Pediatric Tuberculosis Preventorium
Movement in the United States, 1909-
1951” which she completed here at
Penn in 1999, and is based on research

New Book by Cynthia Connolly
third of the twentieth century. During
this period, it was widely recognized that
African Americans suffered from poorer
health and died at higher rates from
infectious disease such as tuberculosis.
The study aimed to unravel the complex
social and environmental dynamics that
resulted in this phenomenon.
By the turn of the twentieth century,
Philadelphia was renowned for its
civically active black community. After
the Civil War, the city was a hub for
many newly arriving African American
southern migrants. The large influx of
migrants taxed the city’s already strained
Bureau of Health, leaving much of the
health care of African American residents
to community networks existing
in the black community and the private
sector.
Private civic associations such as
the Starr Centre, the Whittier Centre, and
the Phipps Institute actively worked with
African American residents to improve
living conditions and increase health
services in the black community. Themes
of racial, economic, and social inequality
emerge in the study as African American
residents grappled with stark inequalities
in health care, shrinking labor
opportunities, and inadequate housing.
The study examines fundamental similarities
and differences in the approaches
of key civic activists and organizations
addressing these pressing concerns. Private
sector-community liaisons became
a defining feature of heath service proviin
primary source materials at the Bates
Center and other repositories. The preventorium
as an institution has not been
widely studied. However, during the
heyday of the preventorium movement,
the institutions provided care to thousands
of children throughout the United
States. Two institutions highlighted in
the book of particular interest were the
Rest Haven Preventorium in San Diego
and the Farmingdale Preventorium in
New Jersey.
The preventorium blended features
of a hospital, sanatorium, and school,
while endeavoring to imbue its patients
with the values of an idealized middleclass
home life. The institution did not
treat sick children, but aimed to prevent
TB in indigent youngsters considered
to be “at risk.” The children typically
hailed from families in which one or
both parents suffered from the disease.
They spent as much time as possible
out of doors in camp-like settings where
they received their education, meals, and
education.
The preventorium was popular because
it offered something for everyone.
When scientific revelations that most TB
infection took place during the childhood
years merged with the reform-oriented,
child-saving ethos of early twentiethcentury
America, the invention of the
preventorium in 1909 seemed not just
innovative, but necessary. Preventorium
fundraising engendered little controversy
and provided great visibility for newly
founded antituberculosis organizations
and for the nurses, physicians, and others
who supported them. The institution
addressed issues of poverty, neglect, and
malnutrition in a discrete population,
indigent children, who not only engendered
great sympathy for their plight,
but were also considered more easily
influenced to change their behavior than
adults. It emphasized environmental
care and emphasis on “right” living. For
those who worried about the growing influx
of immigrants, and their potential to
menace others’ health and change American
society, the institution addressed the
importance of a middle-class lifestyle,
personal habits, diet, and values.
The preventorium is emblematic of a
time when pediatric health care and child
welfare meshed. As a result, it provides
an ideal vantage point from which to link
the history of tuberculosis to that of child
health and social welfare. The institution
offers important lessons to contemporary
policymakers and clinicians as well. The
preventorium represented a response to
an enduring set of issues in American society:
how best to care for those who are
ill; who should provide that care; how
should it be subsidized when people cannot
afford to pay for it themselves; and
how to respond to data that suggests that
some groups of people experience illness
at higher rates than others. Preventorium
nurses and doctors wrestled with concerns
such as how best to help indigent
families, what society “owes” children
in terms of health and social welfare services,
how much control parents should
have over their own children, and who
should decide what interventions are “in
the best interest of the child.” The doors
of the preventoria have long been
shuttered and the institutions razed or
converted for other uses, but the preventorium
story is not over because the
dilemmas their walls housed endure into
the twenty-first century, and we can learn
from its successes and failures.
Margo Brooks Carthon
Receives Doctorate
In October 2008, Margo Brooks
Carthon successfully defended her
doctoral dissertation, No Place for the
Dying: A Tale of Urban Health Work in
Philadelphia’s Black Belt, 1900-1930.
This study examines the poor health status
of African Americans during the first
(continued on page 7)
Dr. J. Margo Brooks Carthon
Photo: Ira Joel Sartorius
5

6
Bates Center Welcomes Two New Advisory
Board members
This past year two new members joined the Bates Nursing History Center Advisory
Board. Dr. Dorothy del Bueno and Ms. Marion Matez are both well known to the
School of Nursing as well as to the Philadelphia area and are looking forward to their
new roles with the Center.
Dr. Del Bueno has had a rich and varied professional career. As a young woman,
she left a position as an assistant bank manager to attend nursing school, graduating from
the Philadelphia General Hospital in 1962. Between 1963 and 1975, Dr. del Bueno completed
a baccalaureate, a masters and a doctoral degree while working in a variety of positions
including staff nurse, night supervisor, instructor, and Director of Staff Education.
Her doctoral dissertation was the first study to evaluate the effects of continuing education
on subsequent clinical performance.
The author of three books and 113 articles, she has traveled extensively in the United
States Canada, New Zealand, and Australia as a lecturer and consultant. Well known for
her work in competency assessment, performance evaluation, and organizational politics,
she has received numerous awards from professional and educational organizations
including the 2005 American Association of Critical Care Nurses Award for a Distinguished
Career in Nursing.
Dr. del Bueno has served on the board of directors and advisory boards for a variety
of hospitals, educational services and professional groups including: Presbyterian Hospital,
Philadelphia, Concept Development, American Society for Health Manpower, Education
& Training, Journal of Nursing Administration, Nurse Educator, American Network,
RN Magazine and Moss Rehabilitation Center-lnternal Grants.
Formerly the Assistant Dean for Continuing Education and Interim Chair for the
Nursing Administration program at the University of Pennsylvania, School of Nursing
Dr. del Bueno is currently the senior consultant and partner of Performance Management
Services, Inc.
Dr. del Bueno joined the Board to add her voice in support of the mission of the
Bates Center to ensure the generation of historical knowledge, scholarship, and research.
Recognizing the vital nature of historical study to the development of the profession, Dr.
del Bueno is committed to advancing the goals of the Center as it meets challenges in the
coming years.
The Center also welcomes, Marian Matez, our second new Board Member. Ms.
Matez began her career here at the University of Pennsylvania where she received her
Baccalaureate degree. After moving to Connecticut and earning a Master’s degree in Education,
she worked in the Connecticut public school system where she wrote programs
for the intellectually gifted and introduced a variety of media programs into the school
library system. Much of her work initiated the trend to expand school libraries into media
centers.
After moving back to the Philadelphia area in the late 1970s, Ms. Matez met Claire
Fagin, who recruited her to the School of Nursing. Ms. Matez worked as the Admissions
officer charged by Dean Fagin with recruiting the “best and the brightest” to Penn Nursing.
She remembers Dean Fagin telling her that her job was to get the best people to Penn
and to change the image of nursing, which she did splendidly. To accomplish this goal
Ms. Matez traveled extensively around the country recruiting students and educating the
public about the difference between nursing and medicine.
Ms. Matez reports that “she loved her work at the School of Nursing,” meeting so
many people who helped to shape her life. Recruited by Joan Lynaugh for the Board,
Marion is looking forward to her tenure as a Board member. She recognizes the importance
of the Center maintaining a strong financial base and the need to ensure a stimulating
atmosphere in which to generate creative ideas for the future of the Center. Marion
Matez is most happy to renew her association with the School of Nursing and is eager to
participate in advancing the goals of the Center.
We welcome our new Board members and look forward to a productive relationship.
(New Space, continued)
ings in secure lockers while engaged in
research. The remainder of the reception
space includes a lovely sitting area which
is the new home to the Alumnae Association
of the Hospital of the University of
Pennsylvania’s grandfather clock. There
is also a small kitchen facility and an
office/workroom suitable for use by students
and visiting scholars adjoining the
main reception area.
The office wing of the Center contains
a conference room, faculty and
staff offices, collection storage space and
the office of the Alumni Association of
the School of Nursing of the Hospital
of the University of Pennsylvania. The
conference room features up-to-date
audiovisual technology appropriate to
the Center’s seminar and meeting needs.
Faculty offices are bright and cheery,
affording sufficient space for faculty to
work and conference with students. Curator
Gail Farr’s office is also located in
the office wing. Several of the Center’s
pictures hang on the corridor walls, adding
to the sense of the rich history of the
School. Although a thoroughly modern
space in which to work, the newly
re-furbished History Center creates an
historical atmosphere appropriate to the
Center’s mission.
After the year-long renovation process,
Center faculty, staff, and students
are happy to be back in Fagin Hall and
are particularly pleased to occupy such
a wonderful space. Having the Center’s
collections, faculty offices, and meeting
spaces in a contiguous area enables
the work of the Center to proceed in an
efficient, collegial manner. As well, the
space enables the Center to accommodate
a number of visiting scholars at one
time. To date, scholars have been well
pleased with the changes made.
On October 30, 2008, the Bates Center
took part in the official open house
for the renovated Fagin Hall. Guests
were delighted with the improvements to
the school building and quite impressed
with the new look of the Bates Center.
We invite everyone to visit the renovated
Center. For further information contact
Betsy Weiss at ehweiss@nursing.upenn.
edu or 215-898-4502.

has added much to historical
scholarship and our understanding
of health disparities.
Bates Center Hosts
Visiting Scholar
from China
In September 2008, the
Bates Center was delighted
to welcome visiting scholar
Jing Li (Lisa), a doctoral
student from the Second
Military Medical University
in Shanghai, China. Lisa
traveled to the United States
and specifically to the
University of Pennsylvania
to study the methodology
of history and the history of
nursing in the U.S.
Lisa holds a Masters of
Medicine degree from Peking
Jing Li (Lisa) and Dr. Julie Fairman meet in Dr. Fairman’s office. Photo: Michelle Holshue.
University in Beijing and is
(Carthon, continued)
American communities.
an Associate Professor at the
sion for African American residents during
this period and served as one of the dissertation, Dr. Brooks Carthon began She is a prolific author having published
Following the completion of her Shandong University School of Nursing.
cornerstones for community organizers a joint post-doctoral appointment at the eight papers in premier nursing journals
who sought improved standards of living Center for Health Outcomes and Policy in China including the Chinese Journal
for the black community.
Research (CHOPR) and the Barbara Bates of Nursing, the Journal of Nursing
Center for the Study of the History of Science, and the Journal of Nurses
Dr. Carthon’s dissertation represents
Nursing at the University of Pennsylvania Training. She has also contributed
a groundbreaking study on a previously
School Of Nursing. The focus of her postdoctoral
studies is to further examine dif-
Director on two research projects, one
to several books. She was a Project
under-investigated topic of critical importance
to the nation’s health. The results
of her study illuminate the little unferentials
in minority health outcomes by examining the relationship between
examining the characteristics of hospital self-efficacy and rehabilitation outcomes
derstood historical background of racial
organizations and the influence of nursing among stroke patients, and the other on
health disparities and will prove useful to
care on minority health outcomes.
utilization of nursing students.
researchers and policy makers striving to
ameliorate health differentials in African Congratulations to Dr. Carthon on
completing this impressive study which
7
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While Lisa’s previous scholarship
focused upon student clinical competency,
nursing pedagogy, and geriatric
dementia nursing, her doctoral dissertation
research topic is on the history of
nursing. Lisa was awarded a prestigious
scholarship from Shandong University
and the China Scholarship Council in
partial support of her studies while here.
She is working under the mentorship of
Dr. Julie Fairman. After she returns to
China and completes her PhD studies,
Lisa will join the faculty at the Shandong
University School of Nursing in the Department
of Women’s Health.
Lisa describes her experience at the
Bates Center in this way:
“Thanks for affording me this opportunity
to conduct a historical study
as a visiting scholar for a year in the
Barbara Bates Center for the Study of
the History of Nursing at the University
of Pennsylvania. I have been deeply
impressed by the scientific historical
studies carried out at the Bates Center.
When I arrived at the Center I received
a warm welcome and invaluable instruction
from the faculty. I am especially
grateful to my mentor, Dr. Fairman,
whose own outstanding work, scientific
standards, and innumerable kindnesses
have always shown me what it means to
be a true scholar. My work here in the
United States is to explore the history
of the specialization of nursing in China
from 1949 to the present. So far, I have
been busy examining materials I have
retrieved from the database of the Chinese
National Knowledge Infrastructure
for the Chinese Journal of Nursing from
1954 to 2008. My plan is to concentrate
on examining mental health nursing and
community nursing as case studies of
specialty nursing and to trace their development
in China. I am also planning to
obtain an overview of the development
of nursing specialization in the United
States. The outcome of my studies here
will be an article that explores the development
of nursing specialization in China.
Since there are few historical studies
of nursing in China, a lot of work needs
to be done in the future. I look forward
to continuing cooperation with the Bates
Center faculty.”
We welcome Lisa and hope her time
here at the Bates Nursing History Center
is extremely productive.
Recent Faculty and Student
Presentations
Several faculty composed a panel
presentation at the October 2008 National
State of the Science Congress on Nursing
Research, Council for the Advancement of
Nursing Science. Julie Fairman moderated
the panel, entitled State of the Science in
Historical Research. Panel members included
Julie Fairman, who presented a paper
entitled The Variable of Race: History
and the Complexity of Data Categories;
Patricia D’Antonio, who presented Process
Versus Outcome: History and Complicating
Research Agendas. Barbra Mann Wall,
who presented Historical Textual Analysis;
Jean Whelan, who presented Methodological
Innovations: Historical Census Data
and Understanding the Past, Present and
Future of Nursing; and Julie Sochalski,
who presented Evidence vs. Policy: Re-Examining
the International History of Nurse
Staffing Ratios.
Faculty also presented several invited
papers at the Penn School of Nursing Family
Weekend in October 2008. Julie Fairman
presented Practice Politics: Nurse
Practitioners and the Negotiation of Patient
Care. Patricia D’Antonio presented
Education for Practice: The Past, Present
and the Future, Barbra Mann Wall presented
The Evolution of Catholic Hospitals:
Nurses and Nuns in Leadership Roles, and
doctoral student Jonathan Gilbride presented
Nursing and the History of Health
Policy.
Bates Center faculty and students were
also well represented at the 2008 American
Association for the History of Nursing Annual
Conference presenting several papers.
Ellen D. Baer presented Money and Nursing:
An Ambivalent Relationship. Winifred
Connerton presented The Sphinx by Moonlight:
Letters to the American Journal of
Nursing from Nurses Abroad, 1900-1913.
Jennifer Hobbs presented You Say Uniform,
I Say Unified: The Case of the Nursing
Minimum Data Set, 1983-1990. Lynn
Houweling presented ‘Hearts Too Good
to Die’: The Intensive Care Unit and the
American Culture of Death, 1965-1980.
And, Keith Mages presented a poster entitled
The Bellevue Classification Scheme:
The Cultural Commentary of a Nursing
Library Classification System.
In October 2008, Patricia D’Antonio
presented Race, Place, and Professional
Identity: Nursing in Georgia, 1900-1940
(Invited) at the Center for Health, Culture
and Society, Emory University
School of Public Health Dr. Barbra
Mann Wall presented Disaster Narratives
in Early 20th-Century Texas.
(Invited) at Susquehanna University
Medical Humanities Initiative Seminar,
Selinsgrove, PA in Fall 2008 and also
presented Nursing Heroes and History
(Invited) at the First National Certification
Day, Albert Einstein Medical Center,
Philadelphia, PA also in Fall 2008.
Keith Mages presented The Bellevue
Classification Scheme: The Cultural
Commentary of a Nursing Library Classification
System at The Culture of Print
in Science, Technology, Engineering, and
Medicine (STEM) Conference held at
the Center for the History of Print Culture
in Modern America, Madison, Wisconsin
in September 2008. Mr. Mages
also presented at the Sixth International
Conference on the Book, The Catholic
University of America, Washington, DC
in October 2008.
Drs. Jean Whelan and Barbra Mann
Wall consulted on the documentary film
History of Nursing; Early Years and History
of Nursing: The Development of a
Profession, an Insight Media production.
Drs. Whelan and Wall also provided
commentary throughout the film. The
production was filmed at the Bates Nursing
History Center and features many
of the History Center’s photographs and
artifacts.
Kudos
Congratulations go out to Doctoral
Student Linda Maldonado, who successfully
passed the General Examination for
MSN/PhD students, to Associate Professor
Patricia D’Antonio for being named
Honorary Senior Lecturer, University of
Manchester (UK) School of Nursing and
Midwifery and to the Editorial Board of
the Latin American Journal of Nursing
–Revista Latino Americana de Enfermagen,
and to Associate Professor Barbra
Mann Wall named a Contributing Editor
of the American Journal of Nursing.

Bates Nursing History Center Seminar Series
Each year the Barbara Bates Center for the Study of the History of Nursing holds a
bi-monthly seminar series at which cross-disciplinary scholars present topics of interest
to the history of nursing and health care community. Researchers from the across the
University as well as from other institutions present their work followed by stimulating
and engaging discussions. Attendees represent a cross section of the University community.
This fall, attendees enjoyed outstanding presentations from scholars from across
the country and around the world. Leading off the 2008-2009 year was Jennifer Gunn
of the University of Minnesota. Dr. Gunn, a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania’s
History and Sociology of Science Department, spoke on public health nurses in
her talk entitled “Building the Public Health Infrastructure from the Nurses Up, 1918-
1950.” The Center next welcomed Deborah Sampson, PhD, one of our graduates and
now an Assistant Professor at the University of Michigan who presented “Exploring
Mixed Methods in Historical Inquiry: Analysis of National Health Policy Implementation
at the State Level, 1970-2000 As Exemplar.”
On October 27 th , the Center was pleased to co-sponsor with the School of Nursing’s
Global Health Affairs Office and the University’s Middle East Center a presentation
“British Missionary Nurses Meet Egyptian Mothers: Daily Work and Encounters
in the Slums of Cairo, 1900-1950,” delivered by Renate Lunde, PhD Candidate from
the University of Bergen in Norway. In November, Karol Weaver, an Associate Professor
at Susquehanna University presented “Good Neighbors: Women and Health Care
in Pennsylvania’s Anthracite Coal Region.” Later in the month we enjoyed a fantastic
presentation from Dean Afaf Meleis, who spoke on “Women at Risk: A Historical Perspective.”
The fall seminar series ended with a presentation from Bates Center doctoral
student Jonathan Gilbride, who reviewed his on-going doctoral research in a talk entitled,
“Gender, Politics and Policy.”
Sonya Grypma presenting a seminar.
Photo: Ira Joel Sartorius
The schedule for the Spring 2009
seminars is impressive with scholars
from around the country and abroad
presenting. Featured speakers from
outside the University community
include Drs. Mary Lagerwey, Western
Michigan University, Constance Putnam,
an independent scholar, Sonya
Grypma, Trinity Western University,
BC, Canada, and Scott Knowles,
Drexel University. A number of doctoral
students are presenting their
research studies including Rachél
Fester, a University of Pennsylvania
Department of Education doctoral
student, Julia Irwin a doctoral student
from Yale University, and Alice Nicholls
a doctoral student at the University
of Manchester. School of Nursing
alum Amanda Mahoney is also one
of the spring seminar series speakers.
A number of Bates Center graduates
and faculty including Drs. Meryn Stuart,
Julie Fairman, Margo Carthon and
Jean Whelan complete the series.
Over the years, the seminar series
has become widely known across the University enabling the Bates Center to both publicize
the critical historical scholarship carried out at the Center as well offer a venue in
which scholars carrying out related research can present. As the seminar series is open
to all, the Bates Center welcomes scholars and other interested individuals either from
or visiting the Philadelphia area to attend. For those who would like further information
on the seminar series please contact
Betsy Weiss at the Bates Center
at ehweiss@nursing.upenn.edu or call
215-898-4502.
Audrey Cantor, Bates Center
Work-Study Student
The Bates Nursing History Center
was pleased to welcome student Audrey
Cantor who began a work-studystudent
experience at the Center this
spring.
Audrey Cantor. Photo: Ira Joel Sartorius
Audrey proudly hails from Portland,
Oregon. Having always dreamt
of attending an east coast university
and having been met with a beautiful
campus, vibrant surrounding city, and
caring friends, Audrey is savoring her
time in Philadelphia. She is in her junior
year in the School of Nursing and
has submatriculated into the school’s
Neonatology graduate program. After
an exciting and educational OB/GYN
clinical rotation at Pennsylvania Hospital,
Audrey discovered a passion for
providing care for high risk newborns.
When not in lectures and clinical,
Audrey works at the Barbara Bates
Center, where she has met kind and
accomplished co-workers and faculty.
After graduation Audrey intends
to work in an intensive care nursing
unit in the Boston area.
Welcome Audrey, to the Bates
Center.

Bates Center Co-Sponsors AAHN’s 25 th Annual Conference
From left to right, Wanda Hiestand, Arlene Keeling, Barbara Brodie,
center, Rosemary McCarthy. Photos by Felice Macera
More than 160 participants gathered
in Philadelphia on September 25-28,
2008, for the 25 th Annual Conference of
the American Association for the History
of Nursing (AAHN). The four-day
conference, planned and arranged by the
Barbara Bates Center for the Study of
the History of Nursing and co-sponsored
with the University of Pennsylvania
School of Nursing, Philadelphia, was
filled with excellent scholarship, opportunities
for networking, time for business,
and just plain old fun.
The conference began with a stimulating
and informative pre-conference
entitled Crossing the Digital Divide
featuring speakers from the Center for
History and New Media at George Mason
University, Fairfax, VA. Attendees
learned about several new uses of digital
technology for historians and were
introduced to some of the tools now
used to carry out research. Participants,
impressed with the range of technology
available, enjoyed a hands-on session in
which they tried out several of the newer
electronic tools highlighted including
Zotero, an electronic internet based tool
that allows enables collecting, managing
and citing source material and Omeka,
a publishing platform for collecting and
creating on-line historical exhibits.
The following morning, despite
cloudy skies, many participants engaged
in a little sightseeing. The group enjoyed
an individual tour of Independence Hall
and visited a number of other historical
sites. That afternoon, the conference officially
opened at the University of Pennsylvania
School of Nursing in Claire
M. Fagin Hall. AAHN President Arlene
Keeling and Local Arrangements Committee
Chair Patricia D’Antonio greeted
the group and introduced Dean Afaf Meleis,
via video, who welcomed the participants.
Dean Meleis noted the critical
importance of history to the profession
and wished all a good conference. The
opening ceremony featured the annual
awards presentation followed by the
keynote
address
delivered
by Dr.
Barbara
Brodie,
Professor
Emerita,
University
of
Virginia.
A plenary
session
of exceptional
historical
scholarship
was
next on the
agenda, setting a high scholastic tone
for the remainder of the conference. At
the end of the plenary session, conferees
shared a special champagne treat as Joan
Lynaugh offered a toast to the AAHN
members and the 2008 conference.
Participants then adjourned to the
opening reception in the Carol Ware
Gates Lobby which was filled with delicious
food and great company. The Bates
Center invited the attendees to visit the
recently renovated Bates Center facility
where Director Julie Fairman greeted
guests and introduced visitors to the
many wonderful features of the new
space. Also of interest to the AAHN
members were a series of displays focusing
on nursing history centers around the
world which were developed especially
for the conference by Barbara Mann
Wall and Janet Tomcavage and mounted
in the exhibit cases on the first floor of
Fagin Hall.
Saturday began as a day of scholarship
as participants enjoyed an array of
concurrent sessions filled with cuttingedge
research. The program included
two special sessions called “Lunch and
a Movie” in which scholars Anne Marie
Rafferty, David Cantor and Sonya
Grypma presented videos pertinent to
their areas of research. As always, the
doctoral student luncheon offered opportunities
for new researchers to meet and
discuss their work. Throughout the day,
attendees also had the opportunity to bid
on silent auction items, which, thanks to
Joan Lynaugh and Pat D’Antoino offer the champagne toast.

the thoughtfulness of the membership
in contributing books and other nursing
history-related “goodies,” was a huge
success.
By Saturday evening, all were ready
to join in celebrating at the Annual Banquet.
After a delicious meal, attendees
participated in an honored tradition at
AAHN conferences, the annual live auction,
to raise funds for the Association’s
Research Endowment Fund. The auction
was led by auctioneer and past AAHN
president Sandy Lewenson and assisted
by her auction team, Eleanor and Larry
Herrmann, Joy Buck and Mary Ann
Cordeau. The audience was in a generous
mood and receipts exceeded those raised
by auctions in previous years.
Sunday morning was devoted to
the annual membership meeting. As the
meeting neared its close, the membership
honored Patricia D’Antonio and her Local
Arrangements Committee with a big
round of applause for producing such an
outstanding conference.
For information on the 2009 conference
please refer to the calendar on the
next page.
From left to right, Nettie Birnbach, Elaine Marshall, Sylvia Rinker, Janie Brown
Call for Papers
2010 Annual Meeting
of the American Association
for the History
of Medicine
The American Association for the
History of Medicine invites submissions
in any area of medical history for
its 83rd annual meeting, to be held in
Rochester, Minnesota, April 29 through
May 2, 2010. The Association welcomes
submissions on the history of health and
healing; history of medical ideas, practices,
and institutions; and histories of
illness, disease, and public health. Submissions
from all eras and regions of the
world are welcome. In addition to singlepaper
proposals, the Program Committee
accepts abstracts for sessions and for
luncheon workshops.
Please alert the Program Committee
Chair if you are planning a session
proposal. Individual papers for these
submissions will be judged on their own
merits.
Presentations are limited to 20
minutes. Individuals wishing to present
a paper must attend the meeting. All
papers must represent original work not
already published or in press. Because
the Bulletin of the History of Medicine
is the official journal of the AAHM, the
Association encourages speakers to make
their manuscripts available for consideration
by the Bulletin.
The AAHM uses an online abstract
submissions system. We encourage all
applicants to use this convenient software.
A link for submissions will be
posted to the website at http://histmed.
org.
If you are unable to submit proposals
online, send eight copies of a onepage
abstract (350 words maximum) to
Left to right Kathleen Hanson and Marilyn Flood
the Program Committee Chair, Keith
Wailoo, [kwailoo@rci.rutgers.edu, Institute
for Health, Health Care Policy and
Aging Research at Rutgers University,
30 College Avenue, New Brunswick, NJ,
08901, (732) 932-8419].
When proposing a historical argument,
state the major claim, summarize
the evidence supporting the claim, and
state the major conclusion(s).
When proposing a narrative, summarize
the story, identify the major
agents, and specify the conflict. Please
provide the following information on the
same sheet as the abstract: name, preferred
mailing address, work and home
telephone numbers, e-mail address, present
institutional affiliation, and academic
degrees. Abstracts must be received by
15 September 2009. E-mail or faxed proposals
cannot be accepted.

12
Calendar
American Association for
the History of Medicine
82nd Annual Meeting
April 23 - 26, 2009, Cleveland, OH.
http://www.histmed.org/
Canadian Association for
the History of Nursing
and the Canadian Society
for the History of Medicine
Joint Conference
May 29 – May 31, 2009 at Carleton
University, Ottawa. For more information
please see the University of
Ottawa website
http://www.health.uottawa.ca/nursinghistory/
American Association for
the History of Nursing
26th Annual Conference
September 24 - 27, 2009
Co-host: School of Nursing, University
of Minnesota. For more
information please see the AAHN
website
http://www.aahn.org
Bates Center Awards
and Fellowships
The Barbara Bates Center for the Study
of the History of Nursing is pleased to
offer a new Faculty Research Award and
two Brunner and Fisher Fellowships to
support research in the history of nursing.
The Karen Buhler-Wilkerson Faculty
Research Fellowship provides $1,200
of support to selected scholars based on
evidence of preparation and/or productivity
in historical research and/or
teaching related to nursing. Scholars are
expected to present the findings of their
work at the Center’s seminar series.
The Alice Fisher Society Fellowship
and the Lillian Sholtis Brunner Fellowship
for Historical Research in Nursing
both offer $2,500 to support two weeks
in residence at the Center and on going
collaboration with nurse historians
associated with the Center. The Fisher
Fellowship is open to those with masters
and doctoral level preparation. Candidates
with doctoral preparation will be
preferred for the Brunner Fellowship
but fellowships are open to those with
pre-doctoral preparation. Both Fisher
and Brunner Fellows will participate in
Center activities and will present their
research at Center seminars.
It is expected that the research and
new materials produced by each of the
awardees will help ensure the growth of
scholarly work focused on the history of
nursing.
The deadline for submission of applications
is December 31, 2009 with a
projected award date of March 1, 2010.
For further information and application
guidelines please visit the Center’s website
at http://www.nursing.upenn.edu/history/.
Bates Center Associate Directors
Patricia D’Antonio (dantonio@nursing.
upenn.edu) and Barbra Mann Wall
(wallbm@nursing.upenn.edu), and Betsy
Weiss, Center Administrative Assistant
(215-898-4502) are also available to help
with any questions you might have.
The Chronicle
The Chronicle is published
Twice a year by the
Barbara Bates Center for
The Study of The History
Of Nursing
Editor: Jean C. Whelan, PhD, RN
Designer: Betsy Weiss
Barbara Bates
Center for
The Study of
The History of Nursing
Un i v e r s i t y o f Pe n n s y lva n i a
Sc h o o l o f Nu r s i n g
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