{ Earth Science Reference Tables - New York State Museum
{ Earth Science Reference Tables - New York State Museum
{ Earth Science Reference Tables - New York State Museum
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Metamorphism<br />
Cementation<br />
SEDIMENTARY<br />
ROCK<br />
Heat and/or Pressure<br />
METAMORPHIC<br />
ROCK<br />
Rock Cycle in <strong>Earth</strong>’s Crust<br />
Melting<br />
Melting<br />
Burial<br />
Compaction<br />
(Uplift)<br />
Weathering & Erosion<br />
Heat and/or Pressure<br />
Metamorphism<br />
(Uplift)<br />
Weathering & Erosion<br />
Melting<br />
MAGMA<br />
Deposition<br />
SEDIMENTS<br />
Erosion<br />
(Uplift)<br />
Weathering & Erosion<br />
IGNEOUS<br />
ROCK<br />
Solidification<br />
PARTICLE DIAMETER (cm)<br />
100.0<br />
10.0<br />
1.0<br />
0.1<br />
0.01<br />
0.001<br />
0.0001<br />
Relationship of Transported<br />
Particle Size to Water Velocity<br />
BOULDERS<br />
COBBLES<br />
PEBBLES<br />
SAND<br />
SILT<br />
CLAY<br />
25.6 cm<br />
6.4 cm<br />
0.2 cm<br />
0.006 cm<br />
0.0004 cm<br />
0.00001<br />
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800<br />
STREAM VELOCITY (cm/sec)<br />
*This generalized graph shows the water velocity needed to<br />
maintain, but not start, movement. Variations occur due to<br />
differences in particle density and shape.<br />
Scheme for Igneous Rock Identification<br />
GRAIN<br />
SIZE<br />
TEXTURE<br />
IGNEOUS ROCKS<br />
ENVIRONMENT OF FORMATION<br />
EXTRUSIVE<br />
(Volcanic)<br />
INTRUSIVE<br />
(Plutonic)<br />
Obsidian<br />
(usually appears black)<br />
Pumice<br />
Vesicular Rhyolite<br />
Rhyolite<br />
Granite<br />
Pegmatite<br />
Vesicular<br />
Andesite<br />
Andesite<br />
Diorite<br />
Basaltic Glass<br />
Vesicular Basaltic Glass<br />
Vesicular<br />
Scoria<br />
Basalt<br />
Basalt<br />
Gabbro<br />
Dunite<br />
less than<br />
1 mm<br />
1 mm<br />
to<br />
10 mm<br />
10 mm<br />
or<br />
larger<br />
Glassy<br />
Fine<br />
Coarse<br />
Very<br />
Coarse<br />
Vesicular<br />
(gas<br />
pockets)<br />
Noncrystalline<br />
Peridotite<br />
Nonvesicular<br />
Nonvesicular<br />
CHARACTERISTICS<br />
LIGHT<br />
LOW<br />
FELSIC (Al)<br />
100%<br />
Potassium<br />
feldspar<br />
(pink to white)<br />
COLOR<br />
DENSITY<br />
COMPOSITION<br />
DARK<br />
HIGH<br />
MAFIC (Fe, Mg)<br />
100%<br />
MINERAL COMPOSITION<br />
(Relative by Volume)<br />
75%<br />
50%<br />
25%<br />
Quartz<br />
(clear to<br />
white)<br />
Plagioclase feldspar<br />
(white to gray)<br />
Biotite<br />
(black)<br />
Amphibole<br />
(black)<br />
Pyroxene<br />
(green)<br />
Olivine<br />
(green)<br />
75%<br />
50%<br />
25%<br />
0%<br />
0%<br />
6 <strong>Earth</strong> <strong>Science</strong> <strong>Reference</strong> <strong>Tables</strong> — 2001 Edition (Revised November 2006)
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