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<strong>Object</strong>: Challenging <strong>Object</strong>ification<br />

<strong>Stripping</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Illusion</strong><br />

<strong>Lap</strong> <strong>Dancing</strong>: <strong>Exposing</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Reality</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Lap</strong><br />

<strong>Dancing</strong> Industry<br />

Since launching in 2003 OBJECT has worked to campaign against <strong>the</strong> mainstreaming<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> porn and sex industries that has come to characterise contemporary society.<br />

This sex-object ideal propagates a derogatory and demeaning attitude towards<br />

women symptomatic <strong>of</strong> violence and discrimination against women and girls. The<br />

proliferation <strong>of</strong> lap dancing clubs has facilitated this mainstreaming process and led to<br />

a situation in which lap dancing kits are sold in <strong>the</strong> toys and games sections <strong>of</strong><br />

leading retailers 1 , and pole dancing classes are being <strong>of</strong>fered to girls aged as young<br />

as three 2 .<br />

Despite links with commercial sexual exploitation, until April 2010 lap dancing clubs<br />

have been licensed in <strong>the</strong> same way as cafes and karaoke bars as an ordinary part <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> leisure industry. This acted as a green light to <strong>the</strong> industry which doubled in size<br />

over 5 years.<br />

In a combined effort OBJECT and The Fawcett Society successfully campaigned to<br />

change <strong>the</strong> legislation in 2009 to recognise lap dancing clubs as Sexual Entertainment<br />

Venues, enforcing appropriate laws to regulate such establishments and allowing<br />

councils to set limits to <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> clubs <strong>the</strong>y licence – which can be set at zero.<br />

1 Eden, I. (2007) Inappropriate Behaviour: Adult Venues and Licensing in London, London: The Lilith Project, Eaves<br />

Housing for Women.<br />

2 http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2002697/Little-Spinners-pole-dancing-classes-children-young-THREE.html (last<br />

visited September 6th 2011)<br />

1


<strong>Object</strong>: Challenging <strong>Object</strong>ification<br />

However through <strong>the</strong> growth <strong>of</strong> lap dancing clubs a normalisation <strong>of</strong> attitudes towards<br />

<strong>the</strong> industry has developed and subsists regardless <strong>of</strong> this legal shift. The damaging<br />

perception this generates only undermines <strong>the</strong> severity <strong>of</strong> its impact both on an<br />

external level <strong>of</strong> society and on an internal level <strong>of</strong> distorting <strong>the</strong> reality <strong>of</strong><br />

experiences within <strong>the</strong> industry.<br />

This report aims to challenge <strong>the</strong> widespread perception attached to lap dancing clubs<br />

that claim <strong>the</strong>y are merely ‘harmless fun’ through presenting a collation <strong>of</strong> statistical<br />

and personal testimonies which directly tackle <strong>the</strong> myths that serve to justify <strong>the</strong><br />

exploitation <strong>of</strong> women within this industry.<br />

By questioning <strong>the</strong> very myths that comprise <strong>the</strong> central points <strong>of</strong> reasoning for <strong>the</strong><br />

apparent harmless nature <strong>of</strong> lap dancing clubs, <strong>the</strong> underlying realities will be<br />

exposed to highlight both <strong>the</strong> exploitative practices <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> industry and <strong>the</strong> impact <strong>of</strong><br />

such venues on a larger social scale. Importantly, this report expands <strong>the</strong> debate<br />

away from <strong>the</strong> contentious and simplistic justification <strong>of</strong> ‘choice’ repeatedly used by<br />

<strong>the</strong> industry but ra<strong>the</strong>r considers lap dancing clubs in a broader context <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> social<br />

implications that this work has on attitudes towards women and gender inequality as<br />

a whole.<br />

2


<strong>Object</strong>: Challenging <strong>Object</strong>ification<br />

Questioning <strong>the</strong> Myths<br />

Choice?<br />

To enter <strong>the</strong> industry...<br />

“I was fired from my <strong>of</strong>fice job and needed money fast... I was at a point in my life<br />

where I felt helpless and hopeless and somehow I felt that it was all I could do.”<br />

„Lucy‟ 3<br />

“[My] motivation to begin dancing is now what is perceived as somewhat <strong>of</strong> a cliché, I<br />

wanted to go to university and I could not afford to.”<br />

„Liz‟ 4<br />

“I was unemployed, I had rent and bills to pay, and it seemed like an easy way to get<br />

myself out <strong>of</strong> a mess.”<br />

Karen 5<br />

To stay....<br />

“I can‟t do anything else... I started in that job when I was 19, and for a few years<br />

<strong>the</strong> going was good. I was earning a decent living, way better than anything I could<br />

earn working in a shop or a bar. But by <strong>the</strong> time I realised how much it was fucking<br />

me up it was too late.”<br />

Ex-pole dancer now pole dancing teacher 6<br />

3 OBJECT interview<br />

4 Ibid<br />

5 From <strong>the</strong> forthcoming book Stripped: The <strong>Reality</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Lap</strong> <strong>Dancing</strong>. Jennifer Hayashi Danns with Sandrine Leveque<br />

6 Ibid.<br />

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<strong>Object</strong>: Challenging <strong>Object</strong>ification<br />

Empowering?<br />

“If you regard having fleeting sexual power over men, for about 1 second <strong>the</strong>n yes,<br />

(this is <strong>the</strong> moment when you actually get him to agree to dance), but this power<br />

disappears <strong>the</strong> second you start removing your clo<strong>the</strong>s for him.”<br />

„Alexandra‟ 7<br />

“A lot <strong>of</strong> people would drink a lot to get through it... Or people would turn up for work<br />

drunk. 90% were drunk by <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> night. So <strong>the</strong>y were more vulnerable [...] I<br />

don‟t think anyone feels empowered.”<br />

„Sarah‟ 8<br />

“I don‟t think that topless dancing is empowering for women - it is empowering for<br />

men. And it's not just sexual - <strong>the</strong>se men like being in an environment where women<br />

give <strong>the</strong>m lavish attention, laugh at <strong>the</strong>ir jokes, flirt with <strong>the</strong>m and ultimately get<br />

<strong>the</strong>ir tits out for <strong>the</strong>m. Women in <strong>the</strong> 'normal' world are not usually so biddable. The<br />

difficulty is that it feels empowering, because you feel that you have something <strong>the</strong><br />

man wants. I think most <strong>of</strong> us don't take <strong>the</strong> trouble to distinguish between whe<strong>the</strong>r<br />

this power is real or just a feeling, an illusion. And let's face it - if you're a woman<br />

working in <strong>the</strong> lap dancing industry, for whatever reason, it's a hell <strong>of</strong> a lot more<br />

comfortable to believe that you're empowered than to believe you're deluding<br />

yourself. As Mary Wollstonecraft so distinctly put it in 1792, "<strong>the</strong> illegitimate power<br />

which [women] obtain by degrading <strong>the</strong>mselves is a curse."<br />

„Joanne‟ 9<br />

7 OBJECT interview<br />

8 Ibid<br />

9 From <strong>the</strong> forthcoming book Stripped: The <strong>Reality</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Lap</strong> <strong>Dancing</strong>. Jennifer Hayashi Danns with Sandrine Leveque.<br />

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<strong>Object</strong>: Challenging <strong>Object</strong>ification<br />

“After a few years <strong>of</strong> watching and learning, I decided that <strong>the</strong> men have always got<br />

<strong>the</strong> power. They run <strong>the</strong> industry, <strong>the</strong>y hire <strong>the</strong> dancers, <strong>the</strong>y stock <strong>the</strong> bars, <strong>the</strong>y<br />

produce <strong>the</strong> currency, <strong>the</strong>y choose who dances for <strong>the</strong>m, <strong>the</strong>y decide who goes home<br />

happy, <strong>the</strong>y pay. And as lovely as it may be to think that you are making <strong>the</strong>m pay,<br />

that <strong>the</strong>y are paying for <strong>the</strong> pleasure <strong>of</strong> your company- <strong>the</strong> only reason anyone is<br />

<strong>the</strong>re at all is because <strong>the</strong> men are <strong>the</strong> ones with <strong>the</strong> money – and <strong>the</strong>refore,<br />

ultimately, <strong>the</strong> power.”<br />

Ex-Waitress in a <strong>Lap</strong> <strong>Dancing</strong> Club 10<br />

“It‟s not empowering, it‟s very disempowering. It‟s harmful... It‟s very dangerous to<br />

define yourself through <strong>the</strong> eyes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se men who are buying your body. I see that<br />

now- I wish I could get o<strong>the</strong>r women to see it.”<br />

„Angela‟ 11<br />

“For all <strong>the</strong> „we-love-it‟, „it‟s empowering‟ talk, I think that most women who do it<br />

don‟t feel anything positive about it. You just feel you can‟t make money any o<strong>the</strong>r<br />

way, that‟s <strong>the</strong> most important thing about you... you are a sexual object, and that‟s<br />

what men want, and that‟s all you are.”<br />

„Ellie‟ 12<br />

“With us, [men] didn‟t feel <strong>the</strong> need to pretend that we were “equal”. We were <strong>the</strong>re<br />

to be used and <strong>the</strong>y carried on like to <strong>the</strong>m it was obvious that women were inferior<br />

to men - discussion closed. [They acted like] we were “all <strong>the</strong> same”, easily<br />

interchangeable, one substituted for ano<strong>the</strong>r in a blink <strong>of</strong> an eye and also a nuisance<br />

when we talked.”<br />

„Tatyana‟ 13<br />

10 Ibid.<br />

11 Walter, N., 2010. Living Dolls. London; Virago Press. p.61.<br />

12 Walter, N., 2010. Living Dolls. London; Virago Press.p.45<br />

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<strong>Object</strong>: Challenging <strong>Object</strong>ification<br />

“In society, attractive women are perceived as having sexual power. So women are<br />

encouraged to believe that by being employed as a lap dancer, <strong>the</strong>y are inherently<br />

powerful [...] The myths imply that we can manipulate or seduce men according to<br />

our wishes and that men are helpless to resist. So if your job, as a lap dancer,<br />

revolves around exercising this sexual “power”, <strong>the</strong>n you may feel as if you are<br />

powerful and empowered. But is that real power? [...] The reality is that in <strong>the</strong> clubs,<br />

as in so much <strong>of</strong> life, <strong>the</strong> real power lies where <strong>the</strong> money is. The men have <strong>the</strong><br />

money, and <strong>the</strong>refore <strong>the</strong> men have <strong>the</strong> power...<br />

My fundamental belief about this, having worked in clubs, is that <strong>the</strong> reason why men<br />

want to pay for lap dances is not that <strong>the</strong>y are visually titillated, but ra<strong>the</strong>r that<br />

paying a woman to take her clo<strong>the</strong>s <strong>of</strong>f is an act <strong>of</strong> power...<strong>Lap</strong> dancing is <strong>the</strong><br />

opposite <strong>of</strong> empowering.”<br />

„Lucy‟ 14<br />

Easy Money?<br />

“I don‟t know anywhere you get paid a wage... you have to pay what‟s called a house<br />

fee... That‟s not for doing anything. Then <strong>the</strong>y take a percentage <strong>of</strong> what you earn...<br />

If <strong>the</strong> managers see you having a good night, <strong>the</strong>y bump up <strong>the</strong> commission level...<br />

<strong>the</strong>re are lots <strong>of</strong> hidden costs <strong>the</strong>y don‟t tell you about...<br />

Even if someone didn‟t earn during <strong>the</strong> night, <strong>the</strong>y were still giving <strong>the</strong> club £80.<br />

[Management] weren‟t concerned if people went away having not earned anything.”<br />

„Sarah‟ 15<br />

13 Banyard, K., 2010. The Equality <strong>Illusion</strong>. London; Faber and Faber Limited. p. 168<br />

14 OBJECT interview<br />

15 Ibid<br />

6


<strong>Object</strong>: Challenging <strong>Object</strong>ification<br />

“It seemed very glamorous at first, <strong>the</strong> earning potential appeared to be huge, which<br />

sadly turned out not to be not <strong>the</strong> case in reality due to <strong>the</strong> high fees <strong>the</strong> clubs<br />

charged mainly, and <strong>the</strong> lifestyle which <strong>the</strong> pr<strong>of</strong>ession dictates you will lead.”<br />

„Alexandra‟ 16<br />

“[...] it resulted in a complete lack <strong>of</strong> social life/friendships/activities etc at university<br />

and many close calls with expulsion due to missing more morning classes than even<br />

<strong>the</strong> most lively night-lovers in my year. It also brought along its own huge bag <strong>of</strong><br />

issues that eating baked beans in a shared student house for five years might not<br />

have...There are definitely prices to pay – even if <strong>the</strong>y‟re not monetary.”<br />

Ex-Waitress in <strong>Lap</strong> <strong>Dancing</strong> Club 17<br />

“Men who visit clubs <strong>of</strong>ten get <strong>the</strong> impression that performers are happy, empowered<br />

and have more money than <strong>the</strong>m! It is important within <strong>the</strong> club, to appear wealthy<br />

and successful. Are any <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m really, really making genuine money? No. I don‟t<br />

believe <strong>the</strong>y are, and if <strong>the</strong>y are, <strong>the</strong>y are <strong>the</strong> exception to <strong>the</strong> rule. It‟s <strong>the</strong> only job<br />

I‟ve ever had where some nights I could end up paying to be <strong>the</strong>re.”<br />

„Lucy‟ 18<br />

16 OBJECT interview<br />

17 From <strong>the</strong> forthcoming book Stripped: The <strong>Reality</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Lap</strong> <strong>Dancing</strong>. Jennifer Hayashi Danns with Sandrine Leveque.<br />

18 OBJECT interview<br />

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<strong>Object</strong>: Challenging <strong>Object</strong>ification<br />

Glamorous?<br />

“It seemed very glamorous at first, <strong>the</strong> earning potential appeared to be huge, which<br />

sadly turned out not to be not <strong>the</strong> case in reality.”<br />

„Alexandra‟ 19<br />

“You have to wear <strong>the</strong> clothing <strong>the</strong>y tell you to wear and that comes out <strong>of</strong> your<br />

earnings. It‟s not glamorous. It‟s out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pages <strong>of</strong> a men‟s mag...”<br />

„Sarah‟<br />

“I went into this job mistakenly believing that it was in some way going to be- for me<br />

as a sexual being- empowering. You‟re a dancer <strong>of</strong> independent means, you‟re<br />

glamorous, exciting. You honestly believe you‟re going to make really good money.<br />

Whereas in reality you are totally skint, this promised money never comes. Added to<br />

which you‟re potty, exhausted, hungover. You have a rash from constantly shaving<br />

your pubes, and with every night that goes by you being to feel less and less like a<br />

human being.”<br />

„Lucy‟ 20<br />

“On <strong>the</strong> one hand you‟re this glamorous creature that everyone apparently desires<br />

and wants to be like (regular women told us many times <strong>the</strong>y were jealous <strong>of</strong> us and<br />

wished <strong>the</strong>y‟d looked like us or could dance/do pole work like us). But on <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r<br />

hand we were openly disrespected, exploited, abused and treated with hostility and<br />

contempt.”<br />

„Tatyana‟ 21<br />

19 OBJECT interview<br />

20 Banyard, K., 2010. The Equality <strong>Illusion</strong>. London; Faber and Faber Limited. p.139<br />

21 Banyard, K., 2010. The Equality <strong>Illusion</strong>. London; Faber and Faber Limited. p.167<br />

8


<strong>Object</strong>: Challenging <strong>Object</strong>ification<br />

“I hated myself and everyone else in <strong>the</strong>re but felt trapped... Increasingly, ra<strong>the</strong>r<br />

than getting dances, I was making customers buy me a drink instead... I would lose<br />

my dancing money, fight with o<strong>the</strong>r girls and customers and not remember getting<br />

back home. It was hell.”<br />

„Liz‟ 22<br />

A good working environment?<br />

“The management in all <strong>the</strong> clubs treated <strong>the</strong> girls very badly, <strong>the</strong>y were<br />

discriminatory, frequently derogatory in <strong>the</strong>ir comments to and about <strong>the</strong> girls... and<br />

purposely perpetrated an atmosphere, <strong>of</strong> intense competition between <strong>the</strong> girls meant<br />

to intimidate and divide us... The customers' attitudes varied between politeness to<br />

downright hostility and abuse.”<br />

„Alexandra‟ 23<br />

“Men would come in and ask <strong>the</strong> manager did she have any black girls and I would be<br />

wheeled over like a prize cow. [...] At <strong>the</strong> time this process seemed normal but with<br />

hindsight it is dehumanising and basically a form <strong>of</strong> cattle market.”<br />

„Liz‟ 24<br />

“We are <strong>the</strong> main attraction yet we‟re treated worse than anyone in <strong>the</strong> business. In<br />

this hierarchy, female dancers are at <strong>the</strong> bottom <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> food chain. We have no rights<br />

to speak <strong>of</strong>. We can be fired for no reason. There is no sick pay or pension.”<br />

„Tatyana‟ 25<br />

22 OBJECT interview<br />

23 Ibid<br />

24 Ibid<br />

9


<strong>Object</strong>: Challenging <strong>Object</strong>ification<br />

“Waitresses were still given nightly „inspections‟ by <strong>the</strong> (male) management to ensure<br />

<strong>the</strong> correct uniform (stockings, suspenders, corset, French knickers) was being worn<br />

in an appropriate style. The male waiters, however, who did EXACTLY <strong>the</strong> same job as<br />

<strong>the</strong> females, were required to wear trousers, a waistcoat and a bow-tie. They were<br />

generally never „inspected‟ and enjoyed far more perks than any <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> girls could<br />

hope to grab...”<br />

Ex-Waitress in <strong>Lap</strong> <strong>Dancing</strong> Club 26<br />

“The thing about lap dancing – what you don‟t realise until you‟re finished with it and<br />

you‟re looking back – is that it‟s so weird. There are <strong>the</strong>se men you‟ve never met<br />

before in your life and <strong>the</strong>y come in, give you some money, and you take your clo<strong>the</strong>s<br />

<strong>of</strong>f for <strong>the</strong>m. It‟s bizarre. You have <strong>the</strong>se conversations with people that you would<br />

never have in a normal situation – I remember this one guy who started going on<br />

about <strong>the</strong> size <strong>of</strong> my nipples, and I had to just carry on dancing and chatting to him.<br />

And when you‟re working in an environment which is that abnormal, it‟s very hard not<br />

to let it affect your life outside work.”<br />

„Jackie‟ 27<br />

“Men, male managers and male bouncers operated <strong>the</strong> club. It was blatant that <strong>the</strong>y<br />

did not respect us... On <strong>the</strong> large part, <strong>the</strong> bouncers served <strong>the</strong>ir purpose in terms <strong>of</strong><br />

warding <strong>of</strong>f any unwanted customers, but <strong>the</strong>y were never stood right next to us. If a<br />

customer tried to grope us or verbally attack us during a lap dance, which <strong>the</strong>y quite<br />

<strong>of</strong>ten did, we would have to diffuse <strong>the</strong> situation ourselves. Despite <strong>the</strong> lack <strong>of</strong><br />

security during <strong>the</strong>se situations, <strong>the</strong> manager was still happy to take expensive house<br />

fees from us and issue hefty fines for nonsensical reasons.<br />

25 Banyard, K., 2010. The Equality <strong>Illusion</strong>. London; Faber and Faber Limited. p.163.<br />

26 From <strong>the</strong> forthcoming book Stripped: The <strong>Reality</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Lap</strong> <strong>Dancing</strong>. Jennifer Hayashi Danns with Sandrine Leveque.<br />

27 Ibid.<br />

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<strong>Object</strong>: Challenging <strong>Object</strong>ification<br />

On one occasion a customer took it a step too far. I was accustomed to verbal abuse<br />

and constant propositions - that I had learned to handle - usually, I could see a man's<br />

hands rising up to grip my waist from a mile <strong>of</strong>f. I was dancing as normal, when <strong>the</strong><br />

customer pushed his hand between my legs. I darted quickly away from him, feeling<br />

violated and physically sick. I looked around me and <strong>the</strong>re were no bouncers present<br />

to intercept and help me. I decided I would have to take care <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> matter myself, so<br />

I slapped him hard across <strong>the</strong> face.<br />

Despite having notified <strong>the</strong> bouncers <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> incident, I still saw <strong>the</strong> customer sitting<br />

drinking with his friends at <strong>the</strong> club. I could see him laughing at me, probably<br />

discussing <strong>the</strong> act that he had gotten away with to his friends, like I was nothing but<br />

an object.”<br />

„Alicia‟ 28<br />

“You know… men grabbing you or insulting you, or just being scary. Every time I left<br />

<strong>the</strong> club after a shift I wondered if one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m was going to attack me as I walked to<br />

my car. The bouncers are meant to look after you but <strong>the</strong>y can‟t watch everyone all<br />

<strong>the</strong> time.”<br />

Ex - pole dancer 29<br />

“Two Asian girls I worked with were illegal and everybody knew <strong>the</strong> boss liked illegal<br />

immigrants. Since an illegal immigrant is a security risk <strong>the</strong> club owner may demand<br />

she pay three times <strong>the</strong> normal house fee”<br />

Sayadinna<br />

Thomas 30<br />

28 From forthcoming book Stripped: The <strong>Reality</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Lap</strong> <strong>Dancing</strong>. Jennifer Hayashi Danns with Sandrine Leveque.<br />

29 Ibid.<br />

30 Banyard, K., 2010. The Equality <strong>Illusion</strong>. London; Faber and Faber Limited. p.165<br />

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<strong>Object</strong>: Challenging <strong>Object</strong>ification<br />

“If <strong>the</strong> managers liked you <strong>the</strong>n you‟d be put in one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> central clubs, where all <strong>the</strong><br />

lawyers and businessmen and city boys go. That‟s where you can make real money.<br />

But it‟s also where you find more than just lap dancing, if you know what I mean. It‟s<br />

a competitive environment, not a very nice environment. They always have more girls<br />

working than <strong>the</strong>y actually need. So loads <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dancers get pissed or wasted on<br />

coke before <strong>the</strong>ir shift so that <strong>the</strong>y lower <strong>the</strong>ir inhibitions and perform better...<br />

The people who run <strong>the</strong>se clubs, <strong>the</strong>y‟re not nice people. They‟re scary. From time to<br />

time <strong>the</strong>se shadowy figures would come in, and you just knew that <strong>the</strong>y were <strong>the</strong><br />

people in charge <strong>of</strong> it all. I never wanted to rock <strong>the</strong> boat.”<br />

Karen 31<br />

Links to Prostitution<br />

“There was a clear link between <strong>the</strong> lap-dancing clubs and <strong>the</strong> bro<strong>the</strong>ls, although not<br />

formal. It is known that taxi drivers (including licensed black cabs) can receive<br />

commission for taking groups <strong>of</strong> men to lap-dancing clubs...<br />

I think that <strong>the</strong> fact that <strong>the</strong> men had come from <strong>the</strong> lap-dancing clubs meant that<br />

<strong>the</strong>y had already stopped seeing us as human or individual... [...]<br />

There was a very aggressive „pack mentality‟ and <strong>the</strong>y would <strong>of</strong>ten be very rude and<br />

would be grabbing, slapping and touching us in <strong>the</strong> main seating area... The<br />

overwhelming feeling that I got was that <strong>the</strong>y really hated us<br />

I was contacted by <strong>the</strong> bro<strong>the</strong>l owner and she told me that she was planning to open<br />

up a lap-dancing club. She had previously been prosecuted for running bro<strong>the</strong>ls so<br />

she was aware that it was risky to continue operating her saunas.[...] Her proposal<br />

was that, once opened <strong>the</strong> lap-dancing club would act as a front for prostitution and it<br />

31 From <strong>the</strong> forthcoming book Stripped: The <strong>Reality</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Lap</strong> <strong>Dancing</strong>. Jennifer Hayashi Danns with Sandrine Leveque.<br />

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<strong>Object</strong>: Challenging <strong>Object</strong>ification<br />

was made very clear that <strong>the</strong> women would be expected to have sex with punters<br />

ei<strong>the</strong>r on or <strong>of</strong>f premises."<br />

„Liane‟ ex-prostituted woman 32<br />

“It‟s <strong>the</strong> same as going to a prostitute, but [men] wouldn‟t think <strong>of</strong> it like that. They<br />

just think, it‟s what lads do, and <strong>the</strong>ir girlfriends think it‟s OK, and society thinks it‟s a<br />

bit <strong>of</strong> fun... And it isn‟t. But because everyone thinks it is, how can <strong>the</strong>y see it isn‟t?”<br />

„Ellie‟ 33<br />

“Club regulations stated that it was necessary to remain one foot away from <strong>the</strong><br />

customers at all times. But it‟s laughable to suggest that this was abided by... Not<br />

touching, not exposing your genitals, not allowing men to touch you is <strong>the</strong> exception<br />

ra<strong>the</strong>r than <strong>the</strong> rule. [...]<br />

In a culture where you are literally selling yourself for cash and you are working on<br />

commission, <strong>the</strong>n you‟d have to work very hard indeed to stop people going for extra<br />

money if <strong>the</strong>y know <strong>the</strong>y can make it. Since <strong>the</strong>re are no incentives to encourage<br />

dancers not to break <strong>the</strong> rules, and <strong>the</strong> customers are always prepared to pay more<br />

to get more, <strong>the</strong>n licensing terms will always be broken.”<br />

„Lucy‟ 34<br />

“The fact is that if you break <strong>the</strong> rules, you make more money. If one dancer starts<br />

breaking <strong>the</strong> rules <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong> pressure is on o<strong>the</strong>r dancers to do <strong>the</strong> same. O<strong>the</strong>rwise a<br />

bloke would think, „Well, that dancer charged me £20 and stayed three feet away, but<br />

that one charged me just <strong>the</strong> same and she put her breasts in my mouth and sat on<br />

my crotch‟...Eventually you start to wonder, „what is <strong>the</strong> difference between me and a<br />

prostitute?‟”<br />

„Elena‟ 35<br />

32 OBJECT interview<br />

33 Walter, N., 2010. Living Dolls. London; Virago Press. p.46<br />

34 OBJECT interview<br />

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“I vividly remember one woman putting her finger into her vagina, drawing it out<br />

again and waving it under <strong>the</strong> customer‟s nose so he could smell it; this happened<br />

<strong>of</strong>ten, and a number <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> women did it. They charged more for that. They also had<br />

an impossible-looking move that involved doing a headstand in front <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> customer<br />

and spreading <strong>the</strong>ir legs wide open. The effect was that <strong>the</strong>re was an expectation<br />

from <strong>the</strong> customers that <strong>the</strong> rest <strong>of</strong> us would do <strong>the</strong> same things.”<br />

„Anna‟ 36<br />

“The rules shifted. If dancers wanted to stay on top <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir game, <strong>the</strong>y would have to<br />

adhere to <strong>the</strong>se new rules. It was simple. The customers were visiting <strong>the</strong> club for a<br />

sexual release. If some lap dancers were <strong>of</strong>fering more, <strong>the</strong>y were <strong>the</strong> lap dancers<br />

<strong>the</strong>y would go for. The customers grew more disrespectful, asking us why we were<br />

not <strong>of</strong>fering <strong>the</strong> same services as <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r girls.”<br />

„Alicia‟ 37<br />

“Our undercover filming was bringing results. At clubs around <strong>the</strong> country dancers<br />

were making it clear to our reporter that if he had <strong>the</strong> money <strong>the</strong>n sex was on <strong>of</strong>fer.<br />

At one London club <strong>the</strong>re even appeared to be a back room which <strong>the</strong> dancers<br />

specifically used as a bro<strong>the</strong>l. In o<strong>the</strong>r clubs, from Blackpool to Newquay, dancers told<br />

him <strong>the</strong>y could come back to his hotel room, or get a „dirtier dance‟. Our footage<br />

demolished <strong>the</strong> lie that lap dancing was a leisure pursuit like any o<strong>the</strong>r.”<br />

Journalist 38<br />

“Now that <strong>the</strong> police are clamping down on kerb crawlers it‟s easier to come in here<br />

and pick up a bird. Some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m sued to work <strong>the</strong> Cross, but come here now,<br />

because it‟s <strong>the</strong> same punters. Everyone knows you can get one here.”<br />

Punter 39<br />

35 ‘Elena’ quoted in ‘I was an <strong>Object</strong>, not person’, The Guardian: 2008.<br />

36 Banyard, K., 2010. The Equality <strong>Illusion</strong>. London; Faber and Faber Limited. p.166<br />

37 From <strong>the</strong> forthcoming book Stripped: The <strong>Reality</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Lap</strong> <strong>Dancing</strong>. Jennifer Hayashi Danns with Sandrine Leveque.<br />

38 Ibid.<br />

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“Look at him. He‟s at it. I‟ve seen him before and he is always after <strong>the</strong> young ones.<br />

Everyone knows he‟s a pimp.” [In reference to a man in a lap dancing club]<br />

Punter 40<br />

Why maintain <strong>the</strong> illusion?<br />

“If your whole living depends on your body, on how attractive you are, <strong>the</strong>n nothing<br />

is more embarrassing than admitting you haven‟t really made any money... I felt that<br />

if I admitted I wasn‟t earning, it was like saying “no one wants me”. If you are - or<br />

have been - a lap dancer <strong>the</strong>n you have an investment in believing that it is a<br />

worthwhile thing to do and that <strong>the</strong>re is nothing wrong with it. It‟s hard to say: „I<br />

made a mistake. I betrayed myself. I‟m unhappy.‟ It‟s hard to say: „actually some<br />

bloke <strong>of</strong>fered me an extra twenty quid to suck my tits and I said yes because <strong>the</strong> TV<br />

license man came round and I really need <strong>the</strong> money‟.”<br />

„Lucy‟ 41<br />

“I think that people who have done it have something very big invested in pretending<br />

that it is all right, because to say anything else is embarrassing. The reality is not<br />

what <strong>the</strong> perception <strong>of</strong> it is. If you say it‟s really degrading, and you did that, it says<br />

so much about you, or it as if it does. But it is degrading.”<br />

„Ellie‟ 42<br />

39 Bindel, J., 2004. Pr<strong>of</strong>itable Exploits: <strong>Lap</strong> <strong>Dancing</strong> in <strong>the</strong> UK, Child and Women Abuse Studies Unit, London<br />

Metropolitan University. p.52.<br />

40 Ibid.<br />

41 OBJECT interview<br />

42 Walter, N., 2010. Living Dolls. London; Virago Press. p.45<br />

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“For every Jordan <strong>the</strong>re are millions <strong>of</strong> girls who will never become famous, and will<br />

ei<strong>the</strong>r: go into prostitution as <strong>the</strong>y get older or give up <strong>the</strong> industry and do something<br />

else, but be emotionally and even physically damaged by <strong>the</strong> industry.”<br />

„Alexandra‟ 43<br />

“On <strong>the</strong> one hand, I think <strong>the</strong>re are many performers who see <strong>the</strong> business as being<br />

genuinely positive e.g. empowerment, finances etc. On <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r hand, I think many<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> performers exaggerate <strong>the</strong>ir opinions to help justify <strong>the</strong>ir choice to <strong>the</strong>mselves.<br />

As this is something that constantly goes on between performers – a sort <strong>of</strong> mutual<br />

appreciation and encouragement for having found <strong>the</strong>mselves in <strong>the</strong> business (which<br />

is a necessity for morale and strength, which speaks volumes in itself) it is easy for<br />

some people to gloss over any reservations or negative opinions <strong>the</strong>y may hold.<br />

I do believe it is also only possible to have a really clear, independent opinion on it<br />

when you have actually left <strong>the</strong> industry. If performers were performing whilst<br />

consciously agreeing with arguments against <strong>the</strong> industry, it would make life very<br />

difficult for <strong>the</strong>m mentally, so I think many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m block it out until <strong>the</strong>y know <strong>the</strong>y<br />

are close to leaving.”<br />

Ex-Waitress at <strong>Lap</strong> dancing Club 44<br />

“When you‟re actually working as a dancer, you‟re not going to admit that you‟re not<br />

making loads <strong>of</strong> money. If you do, <strong>the</strong>n you‟re basically admitting that you‟re not very<br />

good at your job – and part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> whole act is making out that you‟re desirable and<br />

every man wants pay to spend time with you. And aside from all that, everyone has<br />

<strong>the</strong>ir pride. Who‟s going to admit that no-one wants to see you take your clo<strong>the</strong>s <strong>of</strong>f?”<br />

„Jacqui‟ 45<br />

43 OBJECT interview<br />

44 From <strong>the</strong> forthcoming book Stripped: The <strong>Reality</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Lap</strong> <strong>Dancing</strong>. Jennifer Hayashi Danns with Sandrine Leveque.<br />

45 Ibid<br />

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“Often if someone asked about my experience as a dancer I have responded with a<br />

socially desirable answer, and simply asserted that I enjoyed dancing, that I made a<br />

lot <strong>of</strong> money but in <strong>the</strong> end dancing was not for me. This explanation in no way<br />

conveyed <strong>the</strong> extremity <strong>of</strong> emotion and mental distress I experienced as a dancer and<br />

in no way conveys <strong>the</strong> sexual degradation and humiliation I experienced and<br />

observed during my short dancing career.<br />

I believe that my experience is reflective <strong>of</strong> young women now who begin lap<br />

dancing perceiving it to be glamorous and with <strong>the</strong> expectation <strong>of</strong> earning vast<br />

amounts <strong>of</strong> money but who will receive a shock and have to face <strong>the</strong> decision if this is<br />

<strong>the</strong> industry <strong>the</strong>y truly want to be involved in.”<br />

„Liz‟ 46<br />

Reasons for Leaving<br />

“...what was increasingly bo<strong>the</strong>ring me, was <strong>the</strong> insincerity <strong>of</strong> it all – <strong>the</strong> women<br />

pretending to be interested in <strong>the</strong>ir customers, <strong>the</strong> managers pretending that girls<br />

were making a fortune in <strong>the</strong>ir clubs, <strong>the</strong> whole industry pretending that this was a<br />

normal Friday night out on <strong>the</strong> High Street.”<br />

Journalist 47<br />

“Self disgust, self loathing <strong>of</strong> myself and <strong>the</strong> male sex in general. It was impossible to<br />

maintain a healthy personal relationship with an opposite member <strong>of</strong> sex whilst<br />

working in <strong>the</strong> pr<strong>of</strong>ession. It was <strong>the</strong> hardest work I have ever done, ei<strong>the</strong>r<br />

physically, emotionally, or mentally.”<br />

„Alexandra‟ 48<br />

46 From <strong>the</strong> forthcoming book Stripped: The <strong>Reality</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Lap</strong> <strong>Dancing</strong>. Jennifer Hayashi Danns with Sandrine Leveque.<br />

47 Ibid.<br />

48 OBJECT interview<br />

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“All <strong>the</strong> way through dancing I had used alcohol, to <strong>the</strong> point that I could not work<br />

without a drink... I was told by customers that my dance was shit because I was not<br />

touching myself or <strong>the</strong>m. It was unbearable and mentally difficult to deal with... At<br />

<strong>the</strong> end it was dehumanising, soul destroying and filled with desperation.”<br />

„Liz‟ 49<br />

“I had started seeing a <strong>the</strong>rapist while I was in <strong>the</strong> club, and was beginning to work<br />

through some <strong>of</strong> my problems and realising that I could do something better with my<br />

life [...] I now realise that lap dancing is one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hardest things I ever did. I found<br />

it tough, soul destroying and it had begun to strip me <strong>of</strong> my humanity. I began to see<br />

everyone in terms <strong>of</strong> how much I could get out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m. I had begun to really hate<br />

men... I stopped caring about people around me because I was surrounded by this<br />

atmosphere <strong>of</strong> constant mistrust.”<br />

„Lucy‟ 50<br />

“It made me have a very negative sexual image for a long time. It made sex seem<br />

unconnected with anything that could be loving and safe. It made me devalue myself<br />

in what I could do outside <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> industry... I felt I‟d failed myself in terms <strong>of</strong><br />

ambitions for my life, my work, my career.”<br />

Ex-Waitress at <strong>Lap</strong> <strong>Dancing</strong> Club 51<br />

External Effects <strong>of</strong> lap dancing clubs on Society:<br />

Contrary to arguments claiming that lap dancing clubs provide a closed space for men<br />

to ‘let frustration out’ 52 , <strong>the</strong> following sections show how <strong>the</strong> attitudes outlined above<br />

are not confined to <strong>the</strong> parameters <strong>of</strong> lap dancing clubs but expand into wider society.<br />

49 OBJECT interview<br />

50 Ibid<br />

51 From <strong>the</strong> forthcoming book Stripped: The <strong>Reality</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Lap</strong> <strong>Dancing</strong>. Jennifer Hayashi Danns with Sandrine Leveque.<br />

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This reinforces <strong>the</strong> view that <strong>the</strong> expansion <strong>of</strong> lap dancing clubs is linked to increased<br />

levels <strong>of</strong> sexual harassment in <strong>the</strong> vicinity and to attitudes associated with high levels<br />

<strong>of</strong> violence and discrimination against women more widely.<br />

<strong>Lap</strong> dancing clubs and street sexual harassment:<br />

“For a time I lived next door to a pub that hosted table dancing. I was a support<br />

worker to adults with learning disabilities and worked shifts, <strong>of</strong>ten ending at 11pm...<br />

on those days I was afraid to go home because <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> time it took to unlock <strong>the</strong><br />

door... I was frightened <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> men who came out <strong>of</strong> that pub, especially <strong>the</strong> men in<br />

groups leering at women walking past... I was frightened <strong>of</strong> being followed into my<br />

flat because those men seemed to think that <strong>the</strong>y had a right to do anything <strong>the</strong>y<br />

liked. They would stare at me, make comments to each o<strong>the</strong>r about my legs, tell me<br />

<strong>the</strong>y would give me one... I moved as soon as I could, because <strong>of</strong> that.”<br />

Tara, resident 53<br />

“As a night worker <strong>of</strong>ten coming to or from <strong>the</strong> area after dark, I've frequently been<br />

harassed by both <strong>the</strong> punters using [lap dancing clubs], and <strong>the</strong> 'security' staff<br />

supposedly working <strong>the</strong> doors. The kind <strong>of</strong> leching leering harassment that all women<br />

living and working within Hackney could frankly do without is just part for <strong>the</strong> course<br />

due to <strong>the</strong> atmosphere and philosophy that <strong>the</strong>se places perpetuate.”<br />

Ms. Star, resident 54<br />

52 Frank, K (2005) ‘Exploring <strong>the</strong> Motivations and Fantasies <strong>of</strong> Strip Club Customers in Relation to Legal Regulations’, Sexual<br />

Behaviour, Vol. 34 (5), pp.487-504.<br />

53 Response to consultation<br />

54 Ibid<br />

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<strong>Object</strong>: Challenging <strong>Object</strong>ification<br />

Impact <strong>of</strong> lap dancing clubs on young children:<br />

“On several occasions I have experienced sexual harassment: men <strong>of</strong>ten make<br />

sexually suggestive comments or gestures to me as I walk past [<strong>the</strong> lap dancing<br />

clubs]. I believe that, as a female resident, I should have <strong>the</strong> right to live without fear<br />

<strong>of</strong> violence and threat, and to walk around my local neighbourhood as freely as any<br />

male resident. At present, I do not believe I have that right.”<br />

Elaine, resident 55<br />

“There is a bus stop near <strong>the</strong> railway station that I have used very <strong>of</strong>ten since I have<br />

lived here. Until a strip club opened outside this bus stop, I had never experienced a<br />

single instance <strong>of</strong> harassment, intimidation or antisocial behaviour while waiting <strong>the</strong>re<br />

at up to eleven at night. Since it opened I have been subjected to numerous counts <strong>of</strong><br />

verbal abuse [...] On separate occasions I have had men say to me “How much for a<br />

dance love? I‟ll give you £20 to get yours out.” “Show us your titties, darling” “Give<br />

us a dance swee<strong>the</strong>art, just a treat for <strong>the</strong> lads”.”<br />

Sarah 56<br />

“My 3 year old notices everything around him. What sense is he meant to make <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

explicit posters which are designed to be sexually provocative and which so<br />

comprehensively degrade and dehumanise women? Does he begin to see women<br />

differently? Or does he compartmentalise that <strong>the</strong>re is ano<strong>the</strong>r group <strong>of</strong> women, not<br />

really like <strong>the</strong> ones he knows? Ei<strong>the</strong>r way, regardless <strong>of</strong> all o<strong>the</strong>r input, his<br />

experience <strong>of</strong> what women are is tainted. What happens to <strong>the</strong> slightly older children<br />

55 Response to consultation<br />

56 Banyard, K., 2010. The Equality <strong>Illusion</strong>. London; Faber and Faber Limited. p.169<br />

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<strong>Object</strong>: Challenging <strong>Object</strong>ification<br />

who can read <strong>the</strong> degrading messages? And <strong>the</strong> teenagers who are beginning to<br />

explore <strong>the</strong>ir own sexuality?<br />

And what should I do as a mo<strong>the</strong>r? Start talking to him about <strong>the</strong> sexual oppression<br />

<strong>of</strong> women at <strong>the</strong> age <strong>of</strong> 3? Ignore <strong>the</strong> images and hope he doesn‟t mention <strong>the</strong>m,<br />

although I know he sees <strong>the</strong>m? I want my boys to grow up respecting women and<br />

girls. These establishments and <strong>the</strong>ir advertising undermine this.”<br />

Jo, Resident 57<br />

“When I take my daughter swimming on <strong>the</strong> weekends, she asks me to make sure<br />

that we leave before nightfall. Our route from <strong>the</strong> swimming pool to <strong>the</strong> train takes us<br />

past lap dancing clubs, and although my daughter has no idea <strong>of</strong> what is going on,<br />

she finds <strong>the</strong> atmosphere frightening. I <strong>of</strong>ten wonder why my city council doesn't<br />

think about my right to an enjoyable night out, as much as <strong>the</strong>y seem to think about<br />

<strong>the</strong> money being spent by men in lap dancing clubs.”<br />

Meredith, Resident 58<br />

“I think it‟s terrible that a young girl can accompany her mo<strong>the</strong>r to <strong>the</strong> gym and see<br />

pole dancing lesson posters. That a young boy will grow up thinking that‟s a normal<br />

thing for girls to want to do and with <strong>the</strong> underlying knowledge that could bring; that<br />

<strong>the</strong>y are at <strong>the</strong> gym to look good for him. I think it has done so much to make people<br />

view stripping as a „fun‟ way to make a living, which is just a huge U-turn for women<br />

in this day and age - that keeping fit is all about keeping sexy.”<br />

Ex-Watiress at <strong>Lap</strong> <strong>Dancing</strong> Club 59<br />

57 Response to consultation<br />

58 Ibid<br />

59 From <strong>the</strong> forthcoming book Stripped: The <strong>Reality</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Lap</strong> <strong>Dancing</strong>. Jennifer Hayashi Danns with Sandrine Leveque.<br />

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<strong>Object</strong>: Challenging <strong>Object</strong>ification<br />

Impact on Relationships:<br />

“I think a lot <strong>of</strong> girlfriends or wives have this idea in <strong>the</strong>ir head <strong>of</strong> Moulin Rouge, or<br />

those American clubs you see in films. As though men go to <strong>the</strong> clubs to watch<br />

dancing. That isn‟t what happens! If you realised your man was actually kissing<br />

ano<strong>the</strong>r woman‟s breasts, or putting his fingers in her vagina, or being masturbated<br />

by ano<strong>the</strong>r woman, <strong>the</strong>n would you still not mind?”<br />

„Lucy‟ 60<br />

“In February 2008, my immediate family and my ex-boyfriend (M) were in Australia<br />

for my bro<strong>the</strong>r‟s wedding and, two days before, my bro<strong>the</strong>r had a stag night. The<br />

possibility <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> men going to a strip club on <strong>the</strong> night out had crossed my mind but<br />

as <strong>the</strong>se were intelligent, university educated, articulate men in <strong>the</strong>ir thirties, I had –<br />

subconsciously, I think – judged <strong>the</strong>m incapable <strong>of</strong> enjoying a strip club. Wrongly as it<br />

turned out. It came as a huge shock to find out later that night that <strong>the</strong> group had<br />

ended up in two strip clubs. My initial reaction was anger, quickly followed by<br />

confusion...I felt as if M. had been unfaithful to me.<br />

[...] I am wary <strong>of</strong> entering into a relationship now because I could end up in a similar<br />

situation again.”<br />

„Jessica‟ 61<br />

“It took me a long time to recover from my experiences as a lap dancer. It took a<br />

long time before I could look at men as anything o<strong>the</strong>r than punters. Working in that<br />

industry distorts your perception <strong>of</strong> normal relationships.”<br />

Karen Ex-Stripper 62<br />

60 Banyard, K., 2010. The Equality <strong>Illusion</strong>. London; Faber and Faber Limited. p.138<br />

61 OBJECT interview<br />

62 From <strong>the</strong> forthcoming book Stripped: The <strong>Reality</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Lap</strong> <strong>Dancing</strong>. Jennifer Hayashi Danns with Sandrine Leveque.<br />

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<strong>Object</strong>: Challenging <strong>Object</strong>ification<br />

“It‟s screwed up my view <strong>of</strong> men,” she told me. “Every time I see a man now, I just<br />

see him as a punter. There‟s only so many bad experiences you can have before you<br />

start hating <strong>the</strong>m all.”<br />

Ex-Stripper 63<br />

“O and I were to be married in July 2007 and in June 2007, O organised his own stag<br />

weekend to Budapest. O assured me before he left for Budapest that he would not be<br />

visiting / taking part in any lap dance / strip clubs.<br />

[Once he got back] O told me that he had had a lap dance, in a private room, paid for<br />

courtesy <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r members <strong>of</strong> his stag party. O also said that he could not<br />

remember what <strong>the</strong> girl even looked like; what colour hair she had; nothing. This<br />

appalled me.<br />

[...] It took almost one year, after counselling and <strong>the</strong> idea to move out from our<br />

shared flat, to actually forgive O... But to this day, I still cannot forget... and this is<br />

what haunts out marriage still.”<br />

„Lea‟ 64<br />

Impact in <strong>the</strong> workplace:<br />

“I am a woman in my early 30‟s, and I am qualified as a solicitor. When I left<br />

university I worked as a temp in <strong>the</strong> city for about a year before getting a job in a<br />

solicitors firm. I was 21, excited, and naïve. I thought it would be a great experience<br />

working in <strong>the</strong> City with <strong>the</strong>se “pillars <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> community” – as I thought <strong>the</strong>y were.<br />

The reality turned out to be very different. Never have I been subject to so much<br />

sexism. Women were only <strong>the</strong>re as objects to be looked at, commented on and<br />

63 Ibid<br />

64 OBJECT interview<br />

23


<strong>Object</strong>: Challenging <strong>Object</strong>ification<br />

fawned over... If <strong>the</strong>re were drinks after work you had to be “one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lads” to fit in.<br />

In a supposedly pr<strong>of</strong>essional environment, sexist jokes were banded around<br />

constantly, along with sexist and pornographic emails.<br />

The guys referred to <strong>the</strong>ir wives or girlfriends as “her indoors”, something <strong>the</strong>y could<br />

do without, never as loved ones, partners or even fellow human beings. They would<br />

go to strip clubs in <strong>the</strong>ir lunch breaks and not think anything <strong>of</strong> slapping my bottom<br />

as <strong>the</strong>y walked past.”<br />

„Della‟ 65<br />

“A number <strong>of</strong> men on my street, particularly those working in <strong>the</strong> City, visit lap<br />

dancing clubs. It is not only seen as normal, but part <strong>of</strong> client entertaining. One<br />

colleague describes how he would visit <strong>the</strong>m in a limousine with two women having<br />

sex on <strong>the</strong> floor <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> limousine. A man in a suit paying a young woman to take her<br />

clo<strong>the</strong>s <strong>of</strong>f in front <strong>of</strong> him and <strong>the</strong>n placing <strong>the</strong> bill on a corporate account, is deeply<br />

shameful, in my view.”<br />

Andrew City Lawyer 66<br />

“Often client after-work meetings became visits to strip clubs. At after-work drinks<br />

very senior managers asked around publicly if any <strong>of</strong> us knew any good bro<strong>the</strong>ls<br />

because <strong>the</strong>y had Russian dignitaries visiting and <strong>the</strong>y just wanted a couple <strong>of</strong> nice fit<br />

mature women to give <strong>the</strong>m a blow job before going out to dinner. This kind <strong>of</strong> thing<br />

was just accepted.”<br />

Sara City Employee 67<br />

65 2008 <strong>Object</strong> Testimony<br />

66 Banyard, K., 2010. The Equality <strong>Illusion</strong>. London; Faber and Faber Limited. p.100<br />

67 Banyard, K., 2010. The Equality <strong>Illusion</strong>. London; Faber and Faber Limited. p.101<br />

24


<strong>Object</strong>: Challenging <strong>Object</strong>ification<br />

Conclusion<br />

Both within <strong>the</strong> industry and from an external social perspective, lap dancing clubs<br />

have explicitly been identified for having a detrimental effect on how women are<br />

perceived, treated and valued in society. From listening to <strong>the</strong> experiences <strong>of</strong> women<br />

who have worked in clubs, not only is <strong>the</strong> sexual exploitation, <strong>the</strong> links with<br />

prostitution, and <strong>the</strong> high levels <strong>of</strong> abuse and harassment evident, but <strong>the</strong><br />

dehumanising factors which underpin <strong>the</strong> core values that uphold <strong>the</strong> industry as<br />

whole are also exposed.<br />

The varied testimonies in this report directly challenge <strong>the</strong> common myths which are<br />

systematically used to justify <strong>the</strong> existence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lap dancing industry, exposing <strong>the</strong><br />

deeper, more disturbing roots which are overlooked in <strong>the</strong> glamorised media portrayal<br />

<strong>of</strong> stripping. This report has shown how <strong>the</strong> existence <strong>of</strong> lap dancing clubs extends<br />

into various strands including <strong>the</strong> creation <strong>of</strong> ‘no-go’ zones for women, <strong>the</strong> negative<br />

impact on children and relationships, and <strong>the</strong> damaging effect in how women are<br />

viewed and treated in <strong>the</strong> workplace and wider society. In particular, this report<br />

highlights how <strong>the</strong> proliferation <strong>of</strong> lap dancing clubs has led to <strong>the</strong> normalisation <strong>of</strong><br />

sexist attitudes that informs wider systems <strong>of</strong> gender dynamics dictated to society.<br />

These testimonies directly contest any arguments that claim lap dancing is ‘harmless<br />

fun’ demonstrating <strong>the</strong> complex and critical implications this industry has on society<br />

and <strong>the</strong> deeply entrenched misogynist values that compose <strong>the</strong> very foundation <strong>of</strong> its<br />

existence acting as an impediment to gender equality.<br />

For more research into <strong>the</strong> industry and information about how to support <strong>the</strong><br />

OBJECT campaign against <strong>the</strong> proliferation <strong>of</strong> commercial sexual exploitation<br />

through lap dancing, see <strong>the</strong> OBJECT website at www.object.org.uk<br />

25

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