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1<br />
<strong>Human</strong> <strong>Factors</strong> <strong>lab</strong>.<br />
2006<br />
Office National d’Études<br />
et de Recherches Aérospatiales<br />
System Control & Flight Dyn. Dept / Piloting & Sim Reseach Unit / <strong>Human</strong> <strong>Factors</strong>
2<br />
System Control & Flight Dyn. Dept / Piloting & Sim Reseach Unit / <strong>Human</strong> <strong>Factors</strong><br />
ONERA = Office National d’Études et Recherches Aérospatiales<br />
The French Aerospace Research Center , created in 1946<br />
ONERA research centers :<br />
Châtillon, Palaiseau, Meudon<br />
Toulouse, Fauga-Mauzac<br />
Lille, Modane-Avrieux,<br />
Salon de Provence<br />
Industrial partners<br />
Large wind tunnels<br />
Governmental partners<br />
INTA<br />
Thales<br />
ESA<br />
Snecma<br />
Dassault<br />
SAGEM<br />
SUPAERO<br />
CNES<br />
Astrium<br />
CNRT<br />
CNRS<br />
INRETS<br />
SNPE<br />
UVHC<br />
CNRS<br />
MBDA<br />
Alcatel Space<br />
CEPr<br />
Airbus<br />
CEAT<br />
EADS<br />
EU<br />
Dassault<br />
DPAC<br />
CNRS, UPS<br />
CNES<br />
Eurocontrol<br />
DGA<br />
NLR<br />
<strong>Human</strong> <strong>Factors</strong><br />
Thales<br />
Snecma<br />
ECL<br />
ETW<br />
Flight Test Center<br />
Air Force Academy<br />
Eurocopter<br />
Dassault<br />
DLR<br />
FOI<br />
CIRA
3<br />
System Control & Flight Dyn. Dept / Piloting & Sim Reseach Unit / <strong>Human</strong> <strong>Factors</strong><br />
The <strong>Human</strong> <strong>Factors</strong> project<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Created in 1998 at DCSD<br />
Formal Approaches of <strong>Human</strong> <strong>Factors</strong> for Flight Safety and<br />
Performance.<br />
~ 6 researchers (4 scientists, 2 PhD)<br />
~ 10 publications/year, ~ 10 reports/year<br />
1 simulation <strong>lab</strong>.: LIPS <br />
Formal models and techniques (AI..)<br />
Teaching (SUPAERO, UPS, EA, ENSTA…)
4<br />
System Control & Flight Dyn. Dept / Piloting & Sim Reseach Unit / <strong>Human</strong> <strong>Factors</strong><br />
The HF team<br />
Thierry COYE de BRUNELIS<br />
2005-2008 (Onéra)<br />
Patrick LE BLAYE<br />
Nicolas MAILLE<br />
Dr<br />
Research scientists<br />
PhD students<br />
Pascale<br />
BONNET<br />
Laurent chaudron<br />
Dr, HDR<br />
Florian CONSTANS<br />
2004-2007<br />
(CDIN, Airbus)
5<br />
System Control & Flight Dyn. Dept / Piloting & Sim Reseach Unit / <strong>Human</strong> <strong>Factors</strong><br />
HF research context<br />
Specialities<br />
Formal Models<br />
Activity (CUBES)<br />
Analysis (Galois<br />
Lattices)<br />
Experiments<br />
Solutions<br />
Simulations<br />
On the field<br />
Micro-worlds<br />
Publishing<br />
Teaching<br />
Partners<br />
International<br />
NASA<br />
EC<br />
AEREA<br />
Airlines<br />
National<br />
DGA<br />
DGAC<br />
IMASSA<br />
Air Force<br />
Airbus<br />
Thalès<br />
Regional<br />
Universities<br />
Supaéro, EA<br />
Inserm<br />
Midi-Pyrénés<br />
Projects<br />
(1) Lessons learned<br />
REX-ASV<br />
Uname MoU Nasa/<strong>Onera</strong><br />
(2) Pro-active Assistance<br />
GHOST<br />
PAUSA<br />
PAVE<br />
PIROL<br />
FlySafe<br />
(3) Evaluation, HCI<br />
SEFA<br />
HUD<br />
LIPS<br />
Venus
6<br />
System Control & Flight Dyn. Dept / Piloting & Sim Reseach Unit / <strong>Human</strong> <strong>Factors</strong><br />
HF research context<br />
Specialities<br />
Formal Models<br />
Activity (CUBES)<br />
Analysis (Galois<br />
Lattices)<br />
Experiments<br />
Solutions<br />
Simulations<br />
On the field<br />
Micro-worlds<br />
Publishing<br />
Teaching<br />
Partners<br />
International<br />
NASA<br />
EC<br />
AEREA<br />
Airlines<br />
National<br />
DGA<br />
DGAC<br />
IMASSA<br />
Air Force<br />
Airbus<br />
Thalès<br />
“What”<br />
“Why”<br />
Regional<br />
Universities<br />
Supaéro, EA<br />
Inserm<br />
Midi-Pyrénés<br />
Projects<br />
(1) Lessons learned<br />
REX-ASV<br />
Uname MoU Nasa/<strong>Onera</strong><br />
(2) Pro-active Assistance<br />
GHOST<br />
PAUSA<br />
PAVE<br />
PIROL<br />
FlySafe<br />
(3) Evaluation, HCI<br />
SEFA<br />
HUD<br />
LIPS<br />
Venus
7<br />
System Control & Flight Dyn. Dept / Piloting & Sim Reseach Unit / <strong>Human</strong> <strong>Factors</strong><br />
HF research context<br />
Specialities<br />
Formal Models<br />
Activity (CUBES)<br />
Analysis (Galois<br />
Lattices)<br />
Experiments<br />
Solutions<br />
Simulations<br />
On the field<br />
Micro-worlds<br />
Publishing<br />
Teaching<br />
Partners<br />
International<br />
NASA<br />
EC<br />
AEREA<br />
Airlines<br />
National<br />
DGA<br />
DGAC<br />
IMASSA<br />
Air Force<br />
Airbus<br />
Thalès<br />
“What”<br />
“Why”<br />
“How”<br />
Regional<br />
Universities<br />
Supaéro, EA<br />
Inserm<br />
Midi-Pyrénés<br />
Projects<br />
(1) Lessons learned<br />
REX-ASV<br />
Uname MoU Nasa/<strong>Onera</strong><br />
(2) Pro-active Assistance<br />
GHOST<br />
PAUSA<br />
PAVE<br />
PIROL<br />
FlySafe<br />
(3) Evaluation, HCI<br />
SEFA<br />
HUD<br />
LIPS<br />
Venus
8<br />
System Control & Flight Dyn. Dept / Piloting & Sim Reseach Unit / <strong>Human</strong> <strong>Factors</strong><br />
HF research at <strong>Onera</strong><br />
Aero-questions?<br />
Green Amber Red<br />
equipments<br />
procedures<br />
training<br />
⇒ Improve safety & efficiency<br />
Experiment<br />
solutions!<br />
Activity Modelling<br />
Activity<br />
Tracking<br />
Deviations<br />
Detection<br />
Definition of<br />
pro- and counter-measures<br />
Events<br />
analysis
9<br />
System Control & Flight Dyn. Dept / Piloting & Sim Reseach Unit / <strong>Human</strong> <strong>Factors</strong><br />
Lessons learned: REX-ASV and UNAME<br />
Military or Civil Flights<br />
FDR<br />
Two flows of data for flight safety:<br />
- flight data recorders (and analysis)<br />
- reporting means (and analysis)<br />
Flight parameters<br />
Events reports<br />
OBSERVABLE data (but:heterogeneous)<br />
The question is:<br />
How to ASSESS:<br />
the WHAT?<br />
The WHY?<br />
Today Drawbacks:<br />
¤ partial assessment of the « What? »<br />
¤ difficulties to automate the « Why » mining<br />
¤ differences between civil and military<br />
¤ difficulties to merge FDR and Reports
10<br />
System Control & Flight Dyn. Dept / Piloting & Sim Reseach Unit / <strong>Human</strong> <strong>Factors</strong><br />
Lessons learned: REX-ASV<br />
1998 -> 1999 : State of the Art (DGA funding)<br />
2000 -> 2003 : Formal model of activity (<strong>Onera</strong> funding)<br />
2003 -> 2006 : Experiments in the Field (Nancy, Creil), prototypes<br />
« What’s that?!?… 10 m to WP 4? »<br />
« - mm yes. »<br />
« - well… airbrakes. »<br />
« - ..was looking at something else, sorry… »<br />
Descriptive Model of Activity<br />
(math based on the CUBES lattice)<br />
Chaudron & Maille, 2003<br />
restricted model of deviations<br />
Partial matching:<br />
ACTIVITY<br />
PARAMETERS<br />
Sub-representation and analysis<br />
of deviations<br />
(~ Airfase, APMS…)<br />
IMASSA
11<br />
System Control & Flight Dyn. Dept / Piloting & Sim Reseach Unit / <strong>Human</strong> <strong>Factors</strong><br />
Lessons learned: UNAME<br />
UNified Analysis of ofMajor aeronautical Events<br />
vs<br />
APMS<br />
Flight data<br />
Events<br />
LOAS reports<br />
Kontex<br />
¤ Complementarities of<br />
the tools<br />
¤ New functionalities ¤ Global Analysis<br />
Context<br />
parameters
12 Pro-Active Assistance: the GHOST project<br />
System Control & Flight Dyn. Dept / Piloting & Sim Reseach Unit / <strong>Human</strong> <strong>Factors</strong><br />
1998 -> 2001 : Studies on Conflicts (Chaudron & Tessier)<br />
2000 -> 2004 : Master and PhD Pilot Conflicts (F. Dehais)<br />
2002: identification of focal problem: Perseveration Syndrom<br />
Without countermeasures<br />
-> representation, -> tracking -> detection, -> prediction, ..<br />
-> Counter-measures!… avoid accident with GHOST :<br />
Pilot 1<br />
Pilot 2<br />
Pilot 3<br />
Pilot 4<br />
Pilot 5<br />
Pilot 6<br />
Pilot 7<br />
Pilot 8<br />
Cause 40% of casualties<br />
in aero accidents (BEA 2002)<br />
1) « Perseverogen » Missions 2) Pilot Activity Tracking<br />
4) Countermeasures!!<br />
crash<br />
crash<br />
incident lndg<br />
incident lndg<br />
crash<br />
incident lndg<br />
crash<br />
crash<br />
With countermeasures<br />
Pilot 9<br />
Pilot 10<br />
Pilot 11<br />
Pilot 12<br />
Pilot 13<br />
Pilot14<br />
Pilot 15<br />
Pilot 16<br />
Pilot 17<br />
Pilot 18<br />
safe rerouting<br />
safe rerouting<br />
safe rerouting<br />
safe rerouting<br />
safe rerouting<br />
safe rerouting<br />
safe rerouting<br />
incident lndg<br />
safe rerouting<br />
safe rerouting<br />
3) Conflicts Identification
13<br />
System Control & Flight Dyn. Dept / Piloting & Sim Reseach Unit / <strong>Human</strong> <strong>Factors</strong><br />
Performance of the <strong>Human</strong> Operator : the VENUS project<br />
2000 -> : Thesis on Cognitive Performance (Laurent BAYSSIE)<br />
2001: « Bourget ’01, Noise/Brain/Annoyance »Experiment<br />
2004 : Complexity Performance in cockpits<br />
reasoning<br />
perception<br />
Task difficulty<br />
=<br />
complexity / time<br />
memory<br />
action<br />
Performance level<br />
=<br />
% success / reaction<br />
Results (Venus 2004 2005):<br />
simpler data in the cockpit may be worse !!<br />
Inadequate data in the cockpit<br />
Contribute to 70% of major<br />
aeronautical events (Nasa 2000)<br />
Performance<br />
Eucalepic<br />
effect<br />
Task Difficulty
14<br />
System Control & Flight Dyn. Dept / Piloting & Sim Reseach Unit / <strong>Human</strong> <strong>Factors</strong><br />
LIPS :<br />
a Laboratory for Pilot-System Interaction studies<br />
<br />
An open and flexible human-in-theloop<br />
simulation environment<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Several pilots & copilots, one<br />
observer / controller position<br />
Scenarios involving autonomous<br />
and/or controlled aircraft<br />
Scene visualization, head up and<br />
head down displays<br />
Several models avai<strong>lab</strong>le : transport<br />
& fighter a/c, rotorcraft, sensors,...<br />
Simulation recording for analysis<br />
PC based, distributed architecture
15<br />
System Control & Flight Dyn. Dept / Piloting & Sim Reseach Unit / <strong>Human</strong> <strong>Factors</strong><br />
Involvement in European projects<br />
<br />
SEFA (2004-2007) Sound Engineering For Aircraft<br />
<br />
<br />
Formal analysis of the relationships between actual aircraft<br />
noises and their perception by the inhabitants<br />
Uses Galois lattices (ONERA methodology)<br />
FLYSAFE (5 years Integrated Project) :<br />
<br />
<br />
SEFA<br />
FLY AFE<br />
New Generation Integrated Surveillance System facing weather,<br />
traffic & terrain hazards<br />
ONERA involved in Intelligent Crew Support, Strategic Data<br />
Consolidation and System Safety Assessment
16<br />
HF at ONERA...<br />
Looking forward<br />
to meet you<br />
in the <strong>Onera</strong> HF Lab.<br />
of Salon-de-Provence!...<br />
System Control & Flight Dyn. Dept / Piloting & Sim Reseach Unit / <strong>Human</strong> <strong>Factors</strong>
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