Sandbanks Draft Veg Mgmt Plan - Ontario Parks

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APPENDIX E – Invasive Species Information Sheets White Sweet clover is a very difficult plant to control however as it does not spread vegetatively, restricting seed formation can allow for successful management (Cole, 1991). This can be accomplished through cutting of flowering plants and hand removal techniques performed for several consecutive years. Prescribed burning may also be used. • If a prescribed burn is to be used, managers need to consider the likelihood of cancellation of later burns as burns that are only performed periodically can actually cause the population to grow in size. In order for this technique to be successful managers need to burn early in spring followed by herbicide applications or physical removal techniques later in the fall. Do not use prescribed burns late in the fall as this has been shown to stimulate the growth of dormant seeds (Environment Canada, 2003). • Cutting of flowering plants and hand pulling should focus on first-year plants. The physical removal of plants should be performed in late fall or early spring and cutting should be performed before flowers develop. • If herbicides are used the effects to native species needs to be considered. • Biological control methods such as the use of Sweet Clover Weevil have so far proven to be ineffective. Trifoliolate leaf Spike-like clusters Sandbanks Vegetation Management Plan A-13 Ontario Parks, SE Zone 2009
APPENDIX E – Invasive Species Information Sheets Common Buckthorn Rhamnus cathartica L. Glossy Buckthorn Rhamnus frangula Buckthorn Family Rhamnaceae Alternate Common Name European Buckthorn Distribution Native to most of Europe, and west and north Asia. In Ontario, Buckthorn is found east and south west of the Canadian Shield. In SEZ, Buckthorn is known to occur in Peter’s Woods, Fitzroy, Sandbanks, Presqu’ile, Darlington, Voyageur, Charleston Lake, Murphys Point, Burntlands, Emily, and Menzel. Biology and Ecology Brackets indicate Glossy Buckthorn features where they differ from Common Buckthorn. General Description: Shrub or small tree, up to 6 m in height. Branches spine tipped (No spine). Branchlets are stout and purplish-red or grey-brown (brown to gray with pale lenticels). Leaves persist throughout the winter. Leaves: Leaves up to 8 cm long and 4 cm wide, and generally opposite, but can be subopposite or alternate. Elliptic to ovate leaves have a shiny appearance and fold slightly along the midrib near the tip (Do not fold). Strongly curved veins. Leaf margin toothed. (Leaf margins wavy). Flowers: Less than 6 mm in diameter, greenish yellow. Found in dense clusters in the leaf axils. Early June. Fruit: Three – four seeds in a berry-like drupe. Clustered fruit turns black when ripe in August or September. Similar species: The native Buckthorn, Alder-leaved Buckthorn (Rhamnus alnifolia), has much narrower leaves, has no thorns, and, as the name implies, looks more like an alder species. Habitat: Common Buckthorn found in dry to moist habitats, especially open areas and successional forests (Soper and Heimburger, 1982). Glossy Buckthorn prefers wetter and more acidic soils. Buckthorn does not do well in deep shade, and colonies are often evenaged, as seedlings cannot grow under shade of mature plants. Dispersal: Dispersed by birds, mice and possibly by members of the deer family. Seed may also be water dispersed, as the dry fruit of Common Buckthorn can float for 6 days and seed for 3 days before sinking, while the fresh fruit of Glossy Buckthorn can float for 19 days, and dry seeds for one week (Converse, 1984). This is significant for populations found along waterways, or areas that are seasonally flooded (Converse, 1984). Potential Threats to Native Flora and Fauna Sandbanks Vegetation Management Plan A-14 Ontario Parks, SE Zone 2009
Page 1 and 2: Sandbanks Vegetation Management Pla
Page 4 and 5: Summary of Key Management Recommend
Page 6 and 7: 1.0 Introduction This vegetation st
Page 8 and 9: Outlet Sector and the former “sug
Page 10 and 11: 2.0 Vegetation Communities - Descri
Page 12 and 13: sector receive much heavier visitat
Page 14 and 15: Shallow Marsh Ecosites A few small
Page 16 and 17: 2.5. Plantations The current versio
Page 18 and 19: Hazardous Trees and Windthrows Safe
Page 20 and 21: Prescribed burning is the deliberat
Page 22 and 23: Table 3.1. Provincially rare specie
Page 24 and 25: disturbances in accordance with the
Page 26 and 27: The park staff has controlled Purpl
Page 28 and 29: Zones Management Objectives Managem
Page 30 and 31: 6.0 Funding/Linkages The projects i
Page 32 and 33: Norris, T. and D. Cuddy. 1990. An E
Page 34 and 35: APPENDIX A - Hazardous Tree Treatme
Page 36 and 37: IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE B - Plantat
Page 38 and 39: IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE B - Plantat
Page 40 and 41: APPENDIX D - Invasive Species Monit
Page 42 and 43: APPENDIX E - Invasive Species Infor
Page 52 and 53: APPENDIX F - Woodlands Monitoring P
Page 58 and 59: IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE G - Restora
Page 66 and 67: APPENDIX H - Sandbanks Species List
Page 72: APPENDIX H - Sandbanks Species List

Sandbanks Draft Veg Mgmt Plan - Ontario Parks

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