issra papers vol i, 2009 - National Defence University

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Afifa Kiran Ensure her presence and influence in any oil/gas pipeline project, which runs through Afghanistan’s territory to Pakistan. ‣ Indian Economic Policy in Afghanistan. India has reinforced her economic interests in Afghanistan through adopting following means:- Use of political levers to capture market in Afghanistan. Creation of economic dependency through control of capital and investments. Participation in agriculture/water power plants projects jointly and exclusively. Building resilience through calibrated engagement in Afghan politics. Proactively defending her interests through providing full support to Indian business community to invest in small and mega projects. ‣ Strategic Interests. Sitting right at the defining moment of Central and South Asia, called ‘Afghanistan’, India’s objective is clear: to control and influence Afghan nation with a view to winning friendship, investment and political support against Pakistan. Strategic interests can be enumerated as under:- Deny Pakistan any political/strategic, or economic influence in Afghanistan. Maintain maximum presence of Indians in all sectors of Afghanistan, particularly in security and economic establishments. Have pro India Afghan govt. Establish a counter front against China’s economic and political ingress in CARs . Provide alternate land route against Gawader/ Karachi sea port to CARs and Afghanistan. 14 ISSRA Papers <strong>2009</strong>
Indian Quest for Strategic Ingress in Afghanistan and its Implications for Pakistan Indian Foreign Policy Tools for Power Projection in South Asia. India with sizeable hard power assets has so far been able to exert limited regional influence; therefore, she has adopted means of soft power to effectively project her power in regional politics during the recent years. Indian Soft Power Image - Sphere of Influence. Soft power, as described by Joseph Nye, “is the ability to get what you want through attraction rather than coercion or payments. It arises from the attractiveness of a country's culture, political ideals, and policies. When our policies are seen as legitimate in the eyes of others, our soft power is enhanced”. 2 Going by with this definition, India is astutely expanding her area of influence in South/ Central Asia. Indian Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru once remarked about Indian relations with Afghanistan: ‘Ever since India’s independence, we have grown closer to each other, for a variety of reasons. The long memory of our past was there, and the moment it was possible to renew them, we renewed them. And then came mutual interest, (our common hostility towards Pakistan) which is a powerful factor.’ The smart illustration of India's efforts to use soft power as a tool of foreign policy came recently in Afghanistan. With the end of Taliban era in Afghanistan, India has been active on more fronts than Pakistan, partly owing to its closer ties with the former Northern Alliance members of Karzai’s government 3 . Indian development projects and humanitarian aid has changed the public perception regarding Indian nefarious designs in Afghanistan. Through such investments, viz building of some cultural, educational, and scientific institutions, she is making the people of Afghanistan culturally more close to India. Major development projects, having direct or indirect implications for Pakistan, carried out by Indians are as follows:- ISSRA Papers <strong>2009</strong> 15
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Page 4 and 5: suitable policy measures. Ms. Mehvi
Page 6 and 7: Soviet Legacy in Central Asian and
Page 16 and 17: INDIAN QUEST FOR STRATEGIC INGRESS
Page 20 and 21: Afifa Kiran ‣ India’s most prom
Page 22 and 23: Afifa Kiran province. Besides its e
Page 24 and 25: Afifa Kiran Convergence of Indo-US
Page 26 and 27: Afifa Kiran openly expressed her ap
Page 28 and 29: Afifa Kiran Afghanistan, India is
Page 30 and 31: Afifa Kiran Conclusion formulating
Page 32 and 33: Afifa Kiran Annex - A Indian Consul
Page 34 and 35: “CONTEMPORARY MODELS OF CONFLICT
Page 36 and 37: Yusra Mushtaq headwaters of the riv
Page 38 and 39: Yusra Mushtaq they can again be che
Page 40 and 41: Yusra Mushtaq ‣ Utilizing an elic
Page 42 and 43: Yusra Mushtaq The architecture for
Page 44 and 45: Yusra Mushtaq Organic Unit There is
Page 46 and 47: Yusra Mushtaq Notes 1 Sumantra Bose
Page 48 and 49: Ijaz Hussain Constituent Assembly o
Page 50 and 51: Ijaz Hussain In Pakistan’s politi
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Page 54 and 55: Ijaz Hussain modernization by stren
Page 56 and 57: Ijaz Hussain East Pakistan Debacle
Page 58 and 59: Ijaz Hussain which tend to affect s
Page 60 and 61: Ijaz Hussain Though the nature of i
Page 62 and 63: Ijaz Hussain minds of the people, n
Page 64 and 65: Ijaz Hussain Notes 1 Mirza Muhammad
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Abdul Rauf Iqbal Chief Minister and
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Abdul Rauf Iqbal reach to influence
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Abdul Rauf Iqbal level of cohesion
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Abdul Rauf Iqbal Hence, there is a
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ENERGY CRISIS IN PAKISTAN: A THREAT
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Energy Crisis in Pakistan: A Threat
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