Project Report â Fiji 2010 - Pacific Health Voices

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12. ANNEX 1 - Fiji - Demographic and Country overview. Fiji is a small island state at the hub of the south-west Pacific midway between Vanuatu and the Kingdom of Tonga. The 2007 Fiji population census 18 was 837,271 comprising 475,739 Indigenous Fijians, 313,789 Indo-Fijians and 47,734 of other ethnic groups. Overall, the rural population was 49% and the urban 51% with urban growth rate being 1.7% 19 . The average annual growth rate is 0.8% (the natural increase of 1.2% minus migration) with crude growth rates being higher in the Fijian than in the Indo- Fijian population. Areas with noticeably increased population over the past few years are the Western Division (55,266) and Central Division, where the population of the Suva and Nausori urban and periurban areas has increased by 32,300. Thirty nine percent of the population is less than 20. Fiji’s Economic Exclusive Zone contains 332 islands covering a total land area of 18,333 sq km in 1.3 million sq km of the South Pacific. It is a multi-cultural and multi-religious country where different cultures meet and to some extent merge. Literacy rate is around 94%, with English being the official language and Fijian and Hindi the languages of daily use. Economic Situation. Fiji’s housing and employment crises are pervasive and will be compounded over time by high rates of school drop-out. As land leases expire and food costs rise, squatter settlements now number 200 with an estimated population of 100,000 people. Sixty eight percent of the workforce earns less than $7,000 per year. Main sources of revenue are tourism, sugar, mining, agriculture and bottled water. National GDP at constant price was $3.505 billion in 2000 and had grown to $5.826 billion in 2007. The country has a relatively good infrastructure to support its development but the overall standard of living is declining. It is rated on the UNDP Human Development Index (HDI) as being one of the medium developed countries, being ranked 92 nd among a listing of 177 nations in 2006. However this represents a decline from position 46 in 1995. There is poverty, as reflected by the drop in ranking on the HDI, but it is not overtly apparent as seen in Africa, and some other Melanesian countries. The economy has become increasingly dependent on tourism, remittances from overseas, gold and forestry exports. The current Interim Government has been in place since December 2006. They have identified certain conditions to be in place prior to Fiji proceeding to a general election. These include adoption of the People’s Charter, within which Pillar 10 addresses issues of the health sector and proposes to ‘increase the proportion of GDP allocated to health by 0.5% per annum for the next 10 years to achieve a level of 7% of GDP’. The achievement of this objective would result in significantly increased funding for the health sector, this will require continued advocacy for health developments in the face of competing demands; and the MoH to demonstrate that it uses its resources effectively. Estimates of poverty in Fiji are that 29% of the rural population and 40% of the urban population are poor; and that poverty (35% of the overall population) is distributed across the nation. The poor often live in unsafe and overcrowded houses in under-served peri-urban shanty towns where exposure to pollution and other health risks are greatest. They are most likely to indulge in risky behaviors out of circumstances rather than by choice, often going hungry or eating poor quality foods, living stressful lives, indulging in personal habits such as drinking of kava and smoking tobacco to obtain comfort and to socialize. It is estimated that by 2006 the Suva/Nausori corridor will have 15,000 squatter households with a population of 90,000-100,000 people. This will place a large strain on the entire urban infrastructure, such as water supply, sewerage, electricity, roads, traffic congestion and social services. 18 Fiji Islands Bureau of statistics Fiji MOH 2008 Annual Report 19 Roberts, Lingham; Fiji Health Situational Analysis report 2008 42 | P a g e
Key health Indicators A comprehensive set of population health indicators is presented in Table 1 below. Overall the Figures show no real improvement in the health status of the people of Fiji over the past 5 years, although there have been some improvements in areas of post neonatal mortality and contraceptive coverage rates. Table 1: Fiji’s key health indicators 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Population (Census estimates) 866,099 848,647 849,361 868,488 868,107 879,301 Total Live Births 17,910 17,714 17,826 18,394 19,298 18,944 Crude Birth Rate/1,000 Population 20.68 20.87 20.99 21.20 22.2 21.5 Crude Death Rate/1,000 Population 7.06 6.63 7.02 7.1 9.8 7.4 Rate of Natural Increase 1.36% 1.42% 1.4% 1.4% 1.2% 1.4 Under 5 Mortality Rates/1000 live 23.73 22.52 25.81 25.8 22.4 23.6 Births Infant Mortality Rate/1000live Births 18.87 17.84 20.76 19.5 18.4 13.1 Perinatal Mortality (stillbirth and 16.4 19.3 22.05 19.4 15.8 15.4 early neonatal deaths/1,000Live Births) Early Neonatal Deaths (0- 7.54 8.13 10.43 8.0 N/A N/A 7days)/1,000 live Births Neonatal Mortality (Deaths 9.27 10.05 15.37 11.3 11.9 9.0 0-28days) 1000 Live Births Maternal Mortality Ratio/100,000 22.3 33.9 50.5 43.5 31.1 31.7 LBs Source: Fiji MOH Annual Reports 2008 COMPARISON WITH PACIFIC NEIGHBORS. Table 2 below presents comparative indicators for some pacific states and shows that the Fiji rank in the UNDP Human Development Index, trails behind Tonga and Samoa. There are many other clear differences for example Fiji exhibits double the rate of urbanization than its neighbors; its teenage pregnancy rate (15-19) is high, partly accounted for by the young age of marriage of many Indo-Fijian females. Table 2: Selected regional comparative indicators Indicator Fiji Samoa Solomon Is Tonga Vanuatu Human Dev. Index Rank: 92 77 129 55 120 % population urbanised 51 23 17 24 24 Under 5 mortality rate 2006 18 28 73 24 36 Life expectancy at birth 2006 69 71 63 73 70 % of pop. using improved 47 88 70 100 60 drinking water sources 2004 % of pop. using improved 72 100 18 96 50 adequate sanitation 2004 Age specific fertility rate (15- 45 23 69 42 38 19) births per 1000 women Sources: 1. UNDP Human Dev. Report 2007/08, 2. UNICEF: http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry 43 | P a g e
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Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS Page i. Foreword 4 ii. Acr
Page 5 and 6: ii. ACRONYMS A&E Accidents and Emer
Page 7 and 8: Executive Summary 1. Introduction W
Page 9 and 10: o o o o 5.4 Assailants 96% of the V
Page 11 and 12: VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN: A PUBLIC HE
Page 13 and 14: Are these type of injuries given a
Page 15 and 16: in public. Violence against women i
Page 17 and 18: 4. Preliminary data from Kiribati s
Page 19 and 20: Sexual assault and harassment was f
Page 21 and 22: I: COMPONENT 1 - CONDUCT BASELINE P
Page 23 and 24: 6. METHODOLOGY This is a selective
Page 25 and 26: Figure 2: Self Assessment of Health
Page 27 and 28: The Commonest way in which the VAW
Page 29 and 30: As this was a pilot project and sit
Page 31 and 32: Table 7: VAW Record by Month 2005 -
Page 33 and 34: 8.10 Girl Children There were 175 g
Page 35 and 36: Table 9: Health Facility by Abuse T
Page 37 and 38: 8.19 Final Diagnosis There were 717
Page 39 and 40: All forms of abuse have lasting eff
Page 41: 4. Maintain timely and accurate rec
Page 45 and 46: Figure 1 : Distribution of deaths i
Page 47 and 48: Pamphlets and Brochures 47 | P a g
Page 49 and 50: Annex 4 - Summary of the VAW stakeh
Page 51: 13. REFERENCES AusAID, (2008), Viol

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Project Report â Fiji 2010 - Pacific Health Voices