HERITAGE: Civilization and the jews - PBS

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Pathway 4: THE DYNAMICS OF CROSS-CULTURAL EXCHANGE Judaism reflects the encounters it has had with other cultures and religious traditions. Similarly, Jewish culture and ideas have been instrumental in the shaping of Western civilization. Ancient Israel contributed the concept of monotheism—the principle that there exists but one God—to the world. Parts of the Tanakh, the Jewish Bible, draw upon the literary forms and imagery of other Near Eastern peoples. Early Christianity first arose as a sect within Judaism, and the first Christians carried over a core of Jewish traditions and beliefs into their new religion. During what has often been called the “golden age of Spanish Jewry” (8th-11th centuries), Jews used Arabic literature as a model for new philosophical and scientific works. Later, during the High Middle Ages, Jewish scholars played an important role in the introduction of Greek and Arabic science to Christian Europe. Ladino, a vernacular language of Sephardic Jews, and Yiddish, the everyday tongue of Eastern European Jews, are written in the Hebrew alphabet, but are based on medieval Spanish and German. These are just a few examples of the cross-cultural exchanges that have taken place between Jews and non-Jews throughout history. A PEOPLE IS BORN (3800 – 586 B.C.E.) VIDEO SUBCHAPTERS: Introduction • Israel (The Covenant) MULTIMEDIA PRESENTATIONS: Overview presentation on Canaanite culture (Canaan, Canaanite Civilization) HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS: The Flood Story of the Bible; A Mesopotamian Flood Story (Mesopotamia, Archaeology and the Bible); The Ox That Gored (Mesopotamia, Gods and Kings); The Laws of the Goring Ox (Israel, The Covenant) THE POWER OF THE WORD (586 B.C.E. – 72 C.E.) VIDEO SUBCHAPTERS: Babylon (The Babylonian World, Judean Life in Babylon) • Greece (Greek Civilization, Heirs to Alexander, Judeans in a Greek World) • The Maccabees (A New Judean Kingdom, Religion in the Land, Qumran) • Rome (Judea Resplendent, The Pharisees) MULTIMEDIA PRESENTATIONS: The Jewish Calendar (Babylon, Judean Life in Babylon); Greece and the Near East: A Millennium of Exchange (Greece, Greek Civilization) HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS: How the Bible Was First Translated; Views of a Jewish Philosopher (Greece, Judeans in Greek World); Wisdom Literature; An Apocalyptic Vision (The Maccabees, Religion in the Land) THE SHAPING OF TRADITIONS (30-732) VIDEO SUBCHAPTERS: Roman Empire (Mediterranean Unity, Diaspora, Roman Tolerance) • Jewish Sects (Nazarenes, Jews vs. Christians) • Talmud (Babylonian Community) • The Rise of Islam (Monotheism, Muhammad, The Arab Age, Jews in Muslim Lands) • Epilogue (Jewish Continuity) MULTIMEDIA PRESENTATIONS: Jewish Converts (Roman Empire, Roman Tolerance); Jews and Roman Law: Late Roman Treatment of the Jews (The Fall of Rome, Christian Rome); Jewish Leaders in Babylon (The Rise of Islam, Jewish Life in Muslim Lands) HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS: A Bitter View of Jewish Converts (Roman Empire, Roman Tolerance); Islam’s Golden Rule (The Rise of Islam, Muhammad) THE CRUCIBLE OF EUROPE (732-1492) VIDEO SUBCHAPTERS: Islamic Spain (Jewish Partnership, Islamic Civilization, Golden Age, Maimonides) • Northern Europe (Feudal Society) • Europe Awakens (Cultural Exchange, Medieval Renaissance) MULTIMEDIA PRESENTATIONS: A Golden Age of Hebrew Poetry (Islamic Spain, Golden Age); Overview presentation on Maimonides/ Writings of Maimonides (Islamic Spain, Maimonides); Origins of Yiddish: Linguistic Components (Europe Awakens, Jewish Prosperity) HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS: Philosophy Added to Jewish Curriculum; Hebrew Poem Celebrating Pleasure (Islamic Spain, Golden Age); On Reason & Religion (Islamic Spain, Maimonides) SEARCH FOR DELIVERANCE (1492-1789) VIDEO SUBCHAPTERS: The Renaissance (The Venice Ghetto) • New Worlds (Dissent in Amsterdam) • Enlightenment (Early Haskalah) MULTIMEDIA PRESENTATIONS: Overview presentation on Jewish participation in the Renaissance (The Renaissance, Life in Italy); Christian Hebraism: Humanism and Bible Study (The Renaissance, Protestant Revolt); Jewish Publishing in Italy (The Renaissance, Scholarship); Images of Jewish Life in Prague (Ashkenazim, Prague); Early Yiddish Literature (Ashkenazim, Polish Jewry); Overview presentation on early Haskalah (Enlightenment, Early Haskalah) HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS: Philosophers & the Existence of God; Torah as a Source of Knowledge; A 17th-Century Curriculum Vitae (The Renaissance, Scholarship) ROADS FROM THE GHETTO (1789-1925) VIDEO SUBCHAPTERS: Religious Reforms (Innovation in Judaism) • Eastern Europe (Shtetl Life & Culture, Czar Alexander II) • Shaping a Future (Zionism, The Jewish Labor Bund, Literary Renaissance) • A New Century (Modern Culture) MULTIMEDIA PRESENTATIONS: Oranienburgerstrasse Synagogue, Berlin/ Jewish Choral Music (Religious Reforms, Innovation in Judaism); Overview presentation on Eastern European Jewish folk culture (Eastern Europe, Shtetl Life & Culture) HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS: This Place Oppresses Me (Shaping a Future, Literary Renaissance) THE GOLDEN LAND (AMERICA 1654-1930s) VIDEO SUBCHAPTERS: Building America (Pioneers from Europe, New Communities, Industrial America, Reshaping Judaism) • Mass Immigration (Building Community, Yiddish Culture) MULTIMEDIA PRESENTATIONS: Newport, Rhode Island (Colonial America, Communal Life); Overview presentation on 19th-century American Jewish institutions (Building America, New Communities); Picture Gallery: American Judaism, 1860-1880 (Building America, Reshaping Judaism); Overview on Jewish trade unionism (Mass Immigration, Trade Unions); Overview on American Jews in the 1930s (Mass Immigration, Into the Mainstream) OUT OF THE ASHES (1919-1947) VIDEO SUBCHAPTERS: Interwar Years (Fear & Creativity) HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS: Memories of a Polish Jewish Education (Eastern Europe, Poland) INTO THE FUTURE (1880-1990s) VIDEO SUBCHAPTERS: American Jewry (At Home in America) • 1990s (Jewish Identity) Pathway 5: CONTINUITY AND CHANGE WITHIN JUDAISM Over time, Judaism has absorbed many changes, even as it has maintained its integrity. Judaism is, in one sense, the sum total of many accretions of history and tradition. For instance, after the destruction 10
of the Jerusalem Temple in 70 C.E., synagogues took on new importance as centers of Jewish prayer, learning, and social activity. The observance of mizvot (divine commandments), previously the duty mostly of the priestly caste, was increasingly embraced by ordinary Jews, thus placing the responsibility for the continuation of Judaism in the hands of all segments of Jewish society. During the ensuing centuries, many other changes were incorporated into Jewish liturgy, custom, and thought. Today, scholars of halakhah (religious law) continue to interpret and debate, thus ensuring the continuing relevance of Judaism to a changing world. Judaism has always been characterized by cultural diversity. As a result of the wide dispersion of the Jewish people, distinct branches of Judaism have developed. As Jews settled in almost every corner of the world, they adopted customs and folkways that reflected the cultures in which they lived. For instance, Ashkenazic and Sephardic Jews follow different traditions when it comes to holiday foods, liturgical music, and life-cycle customs. Controversy over diversity has been a constant in Jewish history. From the 3rd century, B.C.E. to the 1st century, C.E., Pharisees and Sadducees held sharply different views of what Judaism should be. When Hasidism arose in Eastern Europe in the 18th century, it met with much opposition from the rabbinic establishment. Reform Judaism, a movement founded in the 19th century, does not enjoy validity in the eyes of the overwhelming majority of Orthodox Jews. The answer to the question“Who is a Jew?” depends very much on whom you ask. Today, the term Jewishness encompasses a wide range of beliefs, traditions, and life-styles—from traditional Orthodoxy to secular atheism, with much in between. A PEOPLE IS BORN (3800 – 586 B.C.E.) VIDEO SUBCHAPTERS: Introduction • Egypt (Rameses II, Israel “Laid Waste”) • Israel (Exodus, The Covenant) • Building a Nation (Settlement in Canaan) • Two Kingdoms (Conquest and Exile) • Babylonian Exile (Torah, Universal God) MULTIMEDIA PRESENTATIONS: Images of the Exodus through the Ages (Israel, Exodus) HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS: The First Passover (Israel, Exodus); The Universal God (Babylonian Exile, Universal God) THE POWER OF THE WORD (586 B.C.E. – 72 B.C.E.) VIDEO SUBCHAPTERS: Babylon (Psalm 137, Judean Life in Babylon, Judean Sacred Texts) • Persia (End of Exile, Rebuilding Judah) • The Maccabees (A New Judean Kingdom, Religion in the Land, Qumran) • Rome (The Pharisees) • Judean Uprising (Jerusalem in Ruins, The Rabbinic Tradition) HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS: Dispute Among Priests (Maccabees, Religion in the Land); Birth of a New Sect; The Essene Sect (The Maccabees, Qumran); Sadducees and Pharisees (Rome, The Pharisees); A Rabbinic Account of the Jerusalem Siege (Judean Uprising, The Rabbinic Tradition) THE SHAPING OF TRADITIONS (30-732) VIDEO SUBCHAPTERS: Roman Empire (Diaspora) • Jewish Sects (Nazarenes, The Temple Destroyed, Reshaping Judaism, Jews vs. Christians) • Judea Lost (Mishnah) • Talmud (Babylonian Community, Words of the Rabbis) • Epilogue (Jewish Continuity) MULTIMEDIA PRESENTATIONS: Early Synagogues (Jewish Sects, Reshaping Judaism); A Page of the Talmud (Talmud, Words of the Rabbis); The Karaites (Epilogue, Jewish Continuity) HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS: A Shavuot Celebration in Jerusalem (Roman Empire, Diaspora); Debate about Circumcision (Jewish Sects, Nazarenes); Keeping Christians out of Synagogues (Jewish Sects, Jews vs. Christians); How the Mishnah Was Compiled (Judea Lost, Mishnah); When the Shema Should Be Recited; Days of National Mourning (Epilogue, Jewish Continuity) THE CRUCIBLE OF EUROPE (732-1492) VIDEO SUBCHAPTERS: Islamic Spain (Golden Age, Maimonides) • Northern Europe (Jewish Life) HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS: Jewish Scholarship in Cordoba (Islamic Spain, Jewish Partnership SEARCH FOR DELIVERANCE (1492-1789) VIDEO SUBCHAPTERS: Ottoman Empire (Mysticism in Safed, Isaac Luria) • Hasidism (Ba’al Shem Tov) • Enlightenment (Early Haskalah) MULTIMEDIA PRESENTATIONS: Overview presentation on Jewish mysticism in Safed/ Music Presentation: Lekha Dodi Hymn (Ottoman Empire, Mysticism in Safed); Images of the Sephardic Community/ Images of the Ashkenazic Community (New Worlds, Jewish Amsterdam); Overview presentation on early Haskalah (Enlightenment, Early Haskalah) HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS: A Ruling about Customs of Worship (Ottoman Empire, Jewish Communities); A Cloth for the Prepared Table (Ashkenazim, Polish Jewry); A Defense of Hasidism (Hasidism, The Ba’al Shem Tov); Prospectus for a Modern Jewish Journal (Enlightenment, Early Haskalah) ROADS FROM THE GHETTO (1789-1925) VIDEO SUBCHAPTERS: Religious Reform (Innovation in Judaism) • Shaping a Future (Zionism, The Jewish Labor Bund, Literary Renaissance) MULTIMEDIA PRESENTATIONS: Orananienburgerstrasse Synagogue/ Jewish Choral Music (Religious Reforms, Innovation in Judaism) HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS: Call for the Modernization of Judaism; A Neo- Orthodox View of Emancipation (Religious Reforms, Innovation in Judaism); The Whole Town Was in an Uproar; Israel Salanter Founds the Musar Movement (Eastern Europe, Education) THE GOLDEN LAND (AMERICA 1654-1930s) VIDEO SUBCHAPTERS: Building America (Reshaping Judaism) MULTIMEDIA PRESENTATIONS: Overview presentation on development of American Reform Judaism/Picture Gallery: American Judaism, 1860- 1880 A Timeline of American Judaism 1919-1940 (Mass Immigration, Into the Mainstream) HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS: What Do Reform Jews Believe?; A Definition of Conservative Judaism; Call for a New Type of Jewish Education (Mass Immigration, Into the Mainstream) OUT OF THE ASHES (1919-1947) HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS: Tradition & Change (Eastern Europe, Poland) A Woman Defends Traditional Judaism (Eastern Europe, Poland) INTO THE FUTURE (1880-1990s) VIDEO SUBCHAPTERS: American Jewry (At Home in America) • 1990s (Jewish Identity, Israeli Society, Into the Future) MULTIMEDIA PRESENTATIONS: Meaning of the Past: Four Views (1990s, Into the Future) 11
Page 1 and 2: DVD-ROM Resource Guide www.thirteen
Page 3 and 4: INTRODUCTION In 1984, PBS broadcast
Page 5 and 6: Exploring Heritage via the historic
Page 7 and 8: Conservative, and Reconstructionist
Page 9 and 10: (Settlement in Canaan) • Babyloni
Page 11: Indeed, Jewish history is a repeati
Page 15 and 16: PROGRAM ONE: A PEOPLE IS BORN (3800
Page 17 and 18: PREVIEW QUESTIONS PROGRAM ONE: A PE
Page 19 and 20: PROGRAM TWO: THE POWER OF THE WORD
Page 21 and 22: T E A C H E R ’ S PROGRAM THREE:
Page 23 and 24: S T U D E N T PREVIEW QUESTIONS PRO
Page 25 and 26: PROGRAM FOUR: THE CRUCIBLE OF EUROP
Page 27 and 28: PROGRAM FIVE: SEARCH FOR DELIVERANC
Page 29 and 30: S T U D E N T PREVIEW QUESTIONS PRO
Page 31 and 32: PROGRAM SIX: ROADS FROM THE GHETTO
Page 33 and 34: PROGRAM SEVEN: THE GOLDEN LAND (AME
Page 35 and 36: PREVIEW QUESTIONS PROGRAM SEVEN: TH
Page 37 and 38: PROGRAM EIGHT: OUT OF THE ASHES (19
Page 39 and 40: PROGRAM NINE: INTO THE FUTURE (1880
Page 41 and 42: PREVIEW QUESTIONS Answer these ques
Page 43 and 44: SELECTED JEWISH HISTORY RESOURCES S
Page 45 and 46: The Israel Museum www.imj.org.il/ A
Page 47 and 48: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This guide was pro

HERITAGE: Civilization and the jews - PBS

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?