Unit 1 Module 3 The Periodic Table - Pearson Schools

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formulae – contd. of organic compounds 108–9 oxidation numbers 30–1 skeletal 110–11 structural 110 fossil fuels 122–3 fractional distillation 118 fragmentation 172 fragmentation patterns 173, 174–5 fuel biofuel 123 decarbonised 224 ethanol as 149 hydrocarbons as 120–1 oxidation of 186 polymers as 140 use of crude oil for 122 functional groups 103, 106–7, 112–13, 168–9 gas volumes 14–15 gases greenhouse 220–1, 223 noble 48, 49, 63, 81 general formulae of organic compounds 109 giant covalent lattices 71 giant ionic lattice 51, 68 giant metallic lattices 66–7 giant structures 18 global warming 122–3, 221, 222 graphite 71 green chemistry 232–3 greenhouse effect 220–1, 223, 224–5 Group 2 compounds 90–1 elements 88–9, 91 Group 7 elements and redox reactions 92–3 ionic halides 94 properties of elements and compounds 94 groups in the Periodic Table 52, 82 Haber process 213 halide ions, tests for 95 halides 94 halogenoalkanes 156–61, 177 halogens 92–3, 124, 129 helium 49 Hess’ law 198 heterolytic fission 116, 132 homologous series 103 homolytic fission 116 hydrated 26 hydrated salt, formula of 26–7 hydrocarbons 102–3 alicyclic and aliphatic 102 and crude oil 118 cyclic 121 as fuel 120–1 naming 104–5 saturated 102, 111 unburnt 230 hydrochloric acid 22 hydrogen 54, 128 hydrogen bonding 64–5 hydrogen bromide, addition to alkenes 131 hydrogen halides, reaction with alkenes 130 hydrolysis of halogenoalkanes 157, 158–9 hypotheses 15 ice and hydrogen bonding 64–5 induced dipole–dipole interactions 62–3 industry enzymes in 207 and equilibrium 212–13 use of alkenes 134–5 use of catalysts 205, 206 infrared radiation 220–1 infrared spectroscopy 166–9 initiation stage 124 intermolecular forces 62–3 internal combustion engine 230–1 iodine 70 ionic bonding 49, 50–1, 61 ionic compounds 68–9 ionic formulae 53 ionic halides 94 ionisation energy 40–1, 84–5 ions 7 electron configuration of 47 halide, tests for 95 oxyanions 31 predicting charges from the Periodic Table 52 shapes of 59 isomerism 114–15 isotopes 6–7 IUPAC system of nomenclature 104 Kyoto Protocol 223 Lavoisier, Antoine-Laurent de 78 le Chatelier’s principle 210, 212 limestone 24, 187 lone pairs 55, 58–9 low level ozone 230–1 magnesium, reaction with acid 33 278 935 chemistry.endmatter.indd 278 13/11/07 1:24:41 pm
Index malleability 67 margarine manufacturing 134 mass (nucleon) number 6–7 mass spectrometry 170–5 mechanisms 124–5, 176–7 melting points covalent compounds 69 halogens 92 ionic compounds 68 and periodicity 86–7 Mendeleev, Dmitri 79–81 metallic bonding 49, 66–7 metals, redox reactions with acids 33 methane 221 methanol 149 methylated spirits 149 molar mass 11 molar solutions 17 molar volume 14 molecular formulae 13, 108 molecular ions 53, 172 molecules 13 biological and hydrogen bonding 65 with double bonds 59 in equations 18 with functional groups, naming 106 and infrared radiation 166–7 with lone/bonded pairs of electrons 58–9 and mass spectrometry 172–3 polar 60 shapes of 58–9 moles 10–11 monomers 134, 137 Monsanto process 205 Montreal Protocol 229 Moseley, Henry 5, 81 multiple covalent bonds 55 neutralisation reactions 24–5 neutrons 6–7 Newlands, John 79 nitrogen monoxide and dioxide 230 nitric acid 22 noble gases 49 boiling points of 63 discovery of 81 electrons in 48 and van der Waal’s forces 63 nomenclature 104 NPK rating in fertilisers 25 nuclear atom 5, 6 nucleophiles 116, 157 nucleophilic substitution 158, 177 Octet Rule 48, 57 orbitals 42–3 organic chemistry 102–3, 116–17, 172–3 organic compounds 102, 104–5, 108–9 Orlon 137 oxidation 32–3, 152–3, 186 oxidation numbers 30–1, 32–3, 33, 89 oxides of nitrogen 230 oxidising agents 32, 92 oxonium ion 56 oxyanions 31 oxygen, reaction with Group 2 elements 89 ozone 226–9, 230–1 Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) 228 p-orbitals 43 Pauling scale 60 percentage yield 162–3 Periodic Table 46–7, 52, 60–1, 78–9, 80–1 periodicity 82, 83, 84–5, 86–7 periods in the Periodic Table 82 permanent dipole 60 permanent dipole–dipole force 62 photosynthesis 187 pi-bond (p bond) 126 plasma displays 40 plastic waste and recycling 138–9 polar covalent bond 60, 61 polar molecules 60 polarity 60–1, 159 pollution 230–1 polymers 134–5 biodegradable and compostable 141 common 136 feedstock recycling 140 as fuel 140 halogen-containing 160–1 PVC recycling 140 use of 138 waste and recycling 138–9 poly(tetrafluoroethene) (PTFE) 160 poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) 160 potassium hydroxide 23 precipitation reactions 95 pressure, effect on equilibrium 211 pressure and rates of reaction 203 primary alcohol 151, 152 principal quantum number 42 products 18, 20–1 propagation stage 124–5 protons 6–7 PVC recycling 140 quantum numbers 42 279 935 chemistry.endmatter.indd 279 13/11/07 1:24:43 pm
Page 1 and 2: AS Exclusively endorsed by OCR for
Page 3 and 4: Contents Introduction UNIT 1 Atoms,
Page 5 and 6: 34 1 How many protons, neutrons and
Page 7 and 8: Unit Module 3 The Periodic Table 1
Page 9 and 10: 1.3 1 The Periodic Table: searching
Page 11 and 12: 1.3 2 The Periodic Table: Mendeleev
Page 13 and 14: 1.3 3 The modern Periodic Table By
Page 15 and 16: 1.3 4 Periodicity: ionisation energ
Page 17 and 18: 1.3 5 Periodicity: boiling points B
Page 19 and 20: 1.3 6 Group 2 elements: redox react
Page 21 and 22: 1.3 7 Group 2 compounds: reactions
Page 23 and 24: 1.3 8 Group 7 elements: redox react
Page 25 and 26: 1.3 9 Group 7 elements: uses and ha
Page 27 and 28: 1.3 The Periodic Table summary Tren
Page 29 and 30: 1.3 Examination questions 1 The ato
Page 31 and 32: Glossary acid A species that is a p
Page 33 and 34: heterolytic fission The breaking of
Page 35 and 36: substitution reaction A reaction in
Page 37: Index chlorine as water treatment 9

Unit 1 Module 3 The Periodic Table - Pearson Schools

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