PDF file - Department of Physics
PDF file - Department of Physics
PDF file - Department of Physics
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ice saturation ratio S<br />
Potential out-<strong>of</strong>-cloud effects:<br />
Surface nucleation?<br />
If water-rich aerosols are<br />
covered by organic<br />
surfactants, nucleation might<br />
be suppressed if it starts at the<br />
surface (A. Tabazadeh and<br />
coworkers).<br />
But evidence for surface<br />
nucleation is controversial.<br />
Furthermore, it is not known<br />
how likely complete coverage<br />
by organics on the aerosols is.<br />
2.25<br />
2.00<br />
1.75<br />
1.50<br />
1.25<br />
1.00<br />
(a) Theory<br />
spontaneous ice nucleation<br />
and vigorous growth<br />
clear sky or rapid growth <strong>of</strong><br />
preexisting ice<br />
expected cloud occurrence<br />
0.75 clear sky or ice evaporation<br />
(NH 4 ) 2 SO 4<br />
190 210 230<br />
temperature [K]<br />
(b) Aerosol Chamber<br />
Experiment<br />
organic<br />
carbon<br />
on soot<br />
190 210 230<br />
temperature [K]
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