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Potential in-cloud effects: Control by ice nuclei? The presence <strong>of</strong> heterogeneous ice nuclei in cloud-free air may initiate ice nucleation below the homogeneous nucleation threshold, leading to clouds with low ice particle number densities, in which supersaturations might be sustained for relatively long periods. … but how can this provide a persistent effect?
Potential in-cloud effects: Mesoscale temperature fluctuations? T oscillations – due to the nonlinearity <strong>of</strong> the Clausius-Clapeyron equation – may cause average supersaturations. … but average is not persistent, and the effect is moderate. Campaigns: A SUCCESS B CRYSTAL-FACE C SESAME PSC t / 2 cond
Page 1 and 2: The High Supersaturation Puzzle
Page 3 and 4: Saturation ratio with respect to ic
Page 5 and 6: Two questions central to our unders
Page 7 and 8: How do we expect S in a cirrus to d
Page 9 and 10: Jensen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys.,
Page 11 and 12: Lee et al., JGR, 2004: Measured tem
Page 13 and 14: Increasing stratospheric humidity I
Page 15 and 16: “T hey live for a short tim e in
Page 17 and 18: Atmospheric Application Water Activ
Page 19 and 20: ice saturation ratio S What does th
Page 21 and 22: How does water vapor condense on ic
Page 23 and 24: Steady-state S to a good approximat
Page 25 and 26: Steady-state S in cirrus: tradition
Page 27 and 28: Steady-state S in cirrus: tradition
Page 29 and 30: Several slides with unpublished dat
Page 31 and 32: Shilling et al., Vapor Pressure of
Page 33 and 34: Potential out-of-cloud effects: Lac
Page 35: ice saturation ratio S Potential ou
Page 40 and 41: Potential in-cloud effects: HNO 3
Page 42 and 43: ice saturation ratio S Potential in
Page 44 and 45: Summary of Potential Explanations:
Page 46: Summary of Potential Explanations:

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