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ice saturation ratio S Potential in-cloud effects: Cubic ice? Recent laboratory studies have shown that below 200 K a metastable form of ice – cubic ice – nucleates first and might persist in clouds. The equilibrium vapor pressure for cubic ice is about 10 % higher than that over stable hexagonal ice. 2.25 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 0.75 (a) Theory spontaneous ice nucleation and vigorous growth clear sky or rapid growth of preexisting ice expected cloud occurrence clear sky or ice evaporation 190 210 230 temperature [K] contrails (d) In-Cloud/Contrail Observations cirrus 190 210 230 temperature [K] But unlikely higher!
Potential in-cloud effects: Overpopulated tail of high velocity molecules? Molecular velocity distributions and generalized scale invariance in the turbulent atmosphere Tuck et al., Faraday Discuss., 2005 An overpopulated tail of high velocity molecules in atmospheric probability distribution functions will also affect the access of condensable vapours to particle surfaces, particularly in the case of water, which as a relatively light molecule may be expected to show a relatively high overpopulation of translationally hot molecules. Calculations of vapour flux to ice crystals, for example in polar stratospheric clouds or high cirrus near the tropical tropopause, could incur substantial error by using traditional x 2 2 Dt formulations of molecular diffusion. … how ever, isn’t this contradicting laboratory evidence?
Page 1 and 2: The High Supersaturation Puzzle
Page 3 and 4: Saturation ratio with respect to ic
Page 5 and 6: Two questions central to our unders
Page 7 and 8: How do we expect S in a cirrus to d
Page 9 and 10: Jensen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys.,
Page 11 and 12: Lee et al., JGR, 2004: Measured tem
Page 13 and 14: Increasing stratospheric humidity I
Page 15 and 16: “T hey live for a short tim e in
Page 17 and 18: Atmospheric Application Water Activ
Page 19 and 20: ice saturation ratio S What does th
Page 21 and 22: How does water vapor condense on ic
Page 23 and 24: Steady-state S to a good approximat
Page 25 and 26: Steady-state S in cirrus: tradition
Page 27 and 28: Steady-state S in cirrus: tradition
Page 29 and 30: Several slides with unpublished dat
Page 31 and 32: Shilling et al., Vapor Pressure of
Page 33 and 34: Potential out-of-cloud effects: Lac
Page 35 and 36: ice saturation ratio S Potential ou
Page 37 and 38: Potential in-cloud effects: Mesosc
Page 40 and 41: Potential in-cloud effects: HNO 3
Page 44 and 45: Summary of Potential Explanations:
Page 46: Summary of Potential Explanations:

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