2009 APA Conference Week Abstracts - Australian Physiotherapy ...

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Abstracts Animal Physiotherapy Group APA Conference Week 1–5 October 2009 Sydney Convention Centre, Australia Abstracts listed alphabetically by first author
Animal Physiotherapy Group 2 Acute canine idiopathic polyradiculoneuritis Connell L Animal physiotherapy solutions, Brisbane Acute canine idiopathic polyradiculoneuritis is an acute inflammatory condition that causes demyelination and axonal degeneration in ventral nerve roots and peripheral nerves, resulting in flaccid paralysis similar to Guillian- Barré syndrome in humans. Although the pathophysiology is not fully understood, it is thought to be due to an immune mediated response to antigens present in raccoon saliva, or following respiratory or gastrointestinal infections or vaccination. Initially, clinical signs present in the pelvic limbs with the onset of a stiff, stilted hind limb gait, this rapidly progresses to flaccid lower motor neuron tetraparesis or tetraplegia. In some cases facial and laryngeal paralysis may occur along with respiratory paralysis due to the phrenic and intercostal nerve involvement. In severe cases, reduced respiratory function can result in death, but generally prognosis is good with the majority of dogs making a full recovery. As there is no specific medical treatment for this condition, good nursing care and physiotherapy are essential in the animal’s recovery. Many dogs are recumbent for several weeks and suffer from severe muscle atrophy. Physiotherapy is essential in the prevention of joint and soft tissue contractures as well as assisting with correct movement patterning, increasing muscle strength and overall function. This presentation discusses the pathophysiology of the condition, its clinical presentation and physiotherapy management from onset to return of functional independence. Neospora caninum: a case study Connell L Animal physiotherapy solutions, Brisbane Neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite that causes neuromuscular conditions in the canine, including meningoencephalitis, myositis, and polyradiculoneuritis. It’s most common route of transmission is by transplacental infection from an asymptomatic bitch to her litter although other forms of transmission are by ingestion of infected tissues from the intermediate hosts such as cattle, sheep, goats and horses. Once infected the host may remain asymptomatic with clinical signs presenting more often in young or immuno-suppressed older dogs. The clinical presentation in older animals tends to be multifocal with variable central nervous system and muscular involvement. In puppies less than 6 months of age the infection is usually more focal, affecting the muscles and nerve roots of the hind limbs. This can result in progressive hind limb paralysis, muscle atrophy, and loss of patella reflexes. Depending on the severity of damage to these tissues, severe quadriceps muscle atrophy and fibrosis leading to rigid hyperextension of the hind limbs can occur. This case study presents a puppy with multifocal neurological and muscular signs due to infection from neospora caninum, and discusses the pathophysiological progression of the condition as well as the medical and physiotherapy management. Physiotherapy rehabilitation following a sacroiliac injury in a dressage horse Craig, LJM Auckland, New Zealand This single case study was designed to examine the effectiveness of a selection of physiotherapy techniques in the treatment of a 6-year old Warmblood stallion competitive at dressage with a sacroiliac joint injury. Treatment consisted of twice weekly physiotherapy including joint mobilisations described by Maitland, soft tissue massage, proprioceptive retraining, stretches, facilitated strengthening exercises on the lunge and under saddle. Subjective changes were noted from the treating veterinarian, the owner of the horse, and the rider of the horse. The main presenting complaint was the inability of the stallion to perform on the phantom for breeding purposes. Objective measurements consisted of muscle symmetry, pain on palpation, gait analysis, and stability of the shear force transmitted through the affected sacroiliac joint. Treatment continued over a 1-year period until the stallion was competing, and then a maintenance program was introduced with twice monthly followups which are still ongoing. Subjective and objective improvements were noted in all measurements taken deeming physiotherapy management to be effective in the rehabilitation of this stallion in that he can perform on the phantom without any perceivable difficulties, has no gait abnormalities or muscle asymmetry, and has progressed in his competitive dressage from Elementary to Prix St George in a 3-year period. The effects of an eleven week physiotherapy intervention on the mobility of the equine thoracic spine Craig LJM, Stubbs NC, McGowan CM The University of Queensland, Gatton The aim of this study was to determine the effects of an 11 week physiotherapy intervention on flexibility and resting spinal flexion of the mid-thoracic spine in a group of 14 asymptomatic horses by measuring the distance between vertebral dorsal spinous processes and subjective scores of flexibility. Fourteen horses of varying breeds and disciplines and asymptomatic for back pain, mean age 10 ± (4.81) years were selected. A non-blinded method was used to allocate the subject to a control and treatment group. Seven received twice weekly treatments consisting of deep soft tissue massage, spinal and intervertebral joint mobilisations to the thoracic spine at T10, T11 and T12, facilitated range of motion exercises and myofascial stretches. The remaining 7 received no treatment. Significant increases in distance between vertebral spinous processes using real time ultrasonography at all levels (p < 0.05) were found in the treated horses compared to controls. Although the horses were asymptomatic for back pain, the owners had noticed positive changes in their riding following the treatment. There were gradable changes in all outcomes for all horses for range of motion for lateral and slump baited stretches, perceived amount of dorso-ventral glide with intersegmental joint mobilisations, and amount of spinal excursion seen with abdominal stimulation. This study has shown that resting spinal flexion, measured ultrasonographically as an increased distance between dorsal spinous processes, was increased following physiotherapy intervention. Physiotherapy treatment can increase the flexibility of The e-AJP Vol 55: 4, Supplement
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