Additives for masterbatches and compounds - Plastic Additives

Additives for
Masterbatches
and Compounds

Contents
1 Multifunctional Additives for the
Plastics Industry
2 Organomodified Siloxanes -
Performance Additives
3 Benefits of OMS as Plastic Additive
4 Examples for the Benefits of OMS Additives
6 Dispersing Additives for Pigments and Fillers
7 Benefits of our Products in different
Dispersing Applications
9 Specialty Additive - TEGO Sorb
11 Base Additives
12 Inhouse Evaluation Technologies
2

Multifunctional Additives
for the Plastics Industry
Our technical expertise, market insight and new ideas enable us to cope with the
increasing demands of the plastics industry. We offer a broad range of additives for
various applications of plastics, e.g. OMS based performance additives to improve
surface and bulk properties of polymers like scratch resistance, surface smoothness or
processing parameter; dispersing additives for pigments and fillers; the specialty
additive TEGO® Sorb; and base additives like anti-fogging and antistatic additives.
3

1. Organomodified Siloxanes –
Performance Additives
Optimized Combinations for Best Performance
Organomodified siloxanes (OMS) are
used during the production of polymeric
materials as processing additives for extrusion,
injection and blow molding. They
are capable to function as compatible internal
slip and release agents. Additionally,
these specialties can be applied as surface
modifying agents or material property
enhancers by permanent implementation
for thermoplastics and elastomeric polymers.
Therefore, they are utilized in wide
spread applications such as in automotive
parts, domestic and consumer goods.
Organomodified siloxanes consist of a
siloxane backbone with attached organic
groups. The organic groups ensure a
permanent functionalization of the polymer
without bleeding of the OMS. Different
molecular architectures of OMS
derivatives are available. Figure 1 shows
the comb-like as well as the linear structure
of the OMS together with the possible
functional groups.
By varying the density and nature of the
attached organic groups the OMS called
TEGOMER® or TEGOPREN® are tailor
made products to the final application.
Figure 2 shows the functionalization of
a polymer matrix with OMS. These derivatives
can either work for bulk modification
(case A) or for surface modification
(case B).
comb-like
OMS
linear
Polymer
Methylgroup
Organic Substituents
Silicon
• Alkyl
Oxygen
• Epoxide
• Hydroxy
A
B
• Amino
• Carboxyl
• Acrylate
Figure 1: Structures of organomodified siloxanes
Figure 2: Anchorage of an OMS by organic side chains
4

Benefits of OMS as Plastic Additive
OMS influence and improve the production
process of a plastic product as well
as the properties of the final product.
The table summarizes the benefits of
OMS with regard to the processing, the
modification of the surface and the properties
of the final plastic product.
Processing
Surface
modification
• Rheology of polymer melt
• Improved mold fill operation
• Suppression of melt fracture
• Improved mold release
• Increased productivity
• Lubrication
• Higher filler content
• Improved scratch resistance
• Suppression of shark skin
• Lowered surface roughness
• Improved chemical resistance
• Improved water resistance
Material property
enhancer
• Improved impact strengh
• Reduced brittleness
• Higher plasticity
• Higher elongation
• Enhanced flame resistance
• Improved low temperature stability
• Improved heat distortion temperature
5

Examples for the Benefits
of OMS Additives
Effect on Scratch Resistance
Scratch and mar resistance are important
issues for automotive application, domestic
appliance and the furniture industry.
They can be evaluated by different methods
mainly developed by the automotive industry.
Figure 3 shows the effect of the
organomodified siloxane TEGOMER®
AntiScratch 100 with 2 % addition evaluated
by Erichson methods (GM 10640) in
a PP talc compound. In this case, the
damage of the surface measured as Delta
L* value (change of brightness value of
the scratched to the none-scratched
plate) will be reduced significantly.
Figure 3: Improvement of scratch resistance by using OMS derivatives
left: Pure compound; right: 2 % TEGOMER® AntiScratch 100 applied to the compound
Effect on Melt Flow Index (MFI)
The positive influence of OMS additives
on the viscosity can be shown by MFI determination
as well as by melt flow path
evaluation. Our technical department is
equipped with an injection moulding tool
to determine the influence on melt flow
behavior. For example the addition of
2 % TEGOMER® H-Si 6440 P to a PBT
compound leads to an improvement of
25 % of the melt flow length (Figure 4).
Figure 4: Improvement of melt flow path by TEGOMER® H-Si 6440 P
Melt flow path (cm) Standard PBT without OMS 2 % TEGOMER® H-Si 6440 P in PBT
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
0
6

Effect on Flame Resistance
Figure 5: Highly filled cable compound with and without TEGOMER® FR 100
Flame resistance is an issue of high consideration
for a variety of new compound developments
used in cable jacketing materials
for building and transportation as well
as for electronics. OMS additives improve
in halogen free flame retardant EVA compounds
die drol and throughput. Additionally
it allows fillings up to 65 % of ATH
or MDH finally resulting in highest flame
resistance. Figure 5 illustrates the effect
of 2 % of TEGOMER® FR 100 in a cable
compound with 65 % ATH.
Positive side effects of Evonik additives: kinking in
the cable strand, which can complicate the drawing
of cables over long distances as in multistory buildings,
does not occur. Additionally, the continuous
printing of the cable that is necessary is not negatively
impacted as in the case of other additives
such as cheap silicone oils.
7

2. Dispersing Additives for Pigments and Fillers
Stabilizing with Know-how
Evonik Industries offers under the trade
name TEGOMER® and TEGOPREN® dispersing
agents for fillers and pigments.
They are invaluable in achieving the optimized
distribution of fillers or inorganic
pigments in compounds as well as the dispersion
of organic pigments in color concentrates
like masterbatches and liquid
pastes.
As a result of their polar surfaces most organic
pigments are not compatible in non-polar
or less polar matrices, e. g. PE, PP, PA,
PET etc. Such particles tend to form agglomerates
that are big enough to influence
the overall performance of the final polymer
or the masterbatch formulation. This
behavior causes some undesired effects.
Dispersing additives help to cover the
newly formed surface of the aggregates
and primary particles during the dispersing
process. Aggregates which are
covered with the dispersing additive
cannot agglomerate anymore. Moreover,
they become compatible to the matrix
by the polymer chains attached to the dispersing
additive (Figure 6).
Our products are essential ingredients to:
• Improve development of color
• Prevent clogging of filter sieves
• Avoid blocking of spinning nozzles
• Manufacture fibres without
capillary fractures
• Reduce speck formation within films
or thin walled parts
• Increase productivity or to reduce
maintenance efforts
• Avoid bleeding of pigments
• Cannot only be used for polyolefins but
even for engineering resins
Agglomerates
TEGOMER®
Aggregates
Figure 6: Break of agglomerates for development of color intensity
8

Benefits of our Products
in different Dispersing Applications
Coloration
of Masterbatches
Pigment & Filler
Treatment
• Improvement of color strength
• Application in polyolefines and engineering plastics
• Easy processable masterbatches
• Higher pigment loading
• Easy processing without bleeding
• Reduced filter pressure index
• High filler or pigment loading
• Easy dispersing process
• Easy processing of masterbatches
• No restrictions in final application (e. g. sealing, printing)
• Higher bulk density
Liquid Pastes
for Coloration
• High pigment loading
• Improved color strength in compounds
• Low viscosities of pastes
• Prevention of settlement
9

Our customers can expect technical advice
due to the large number of trials carried
out in our laboratories using different
pigments and polymers for the
manufacture of masterbatches. Guiding
formulations allow customers an easy
start together with our knowledge regarding
the resulting rheology effects.
As an example the effect of 10 %
TEGOMER® P 121 in a PA masterbatch
with pigment Green 7 is shown in Figure 7.
By using the additive TEGOMER® P 121
the color strength is increased by 54 %
and the pressure is reduced dramatically
from 6.9 to 0.6 bar/g. That allows even
the use for fibre and film application.
Figure 7: Increased color strength and reduced pressure
by TEGOMER® P 121
Color
strenght
[%] 0 % 10 %
160 8
150
154
7
140 6
130 5
120 4
110 3
100 100
2
90 1
80 0
Pressure
index
[bar/g] 0 % 10 %
6.9
0.6
In-house Evaluation Technologies
for Dispersants
Dispersing and wetting of pigments are
core competences of Evonik.
Our laboratories are able to perform a
multitude of test methods which are
important standards of the industry.
We have the following test methods inhouse
available.
Evaluated property Test method/equipment
Color strength
Full shade and tinted systems with Datacolor equipment
Speck evaluation Microscopic evaluation on 50 micrometer plates or on film samples
Pressure index Brabender equipment, e. g. DIN EN 13900-5
Polymer rheology Melt flow index determination or Anton Paar Viscosimeter
10

3. Specialty Additive – TEGO® Sorb
Giving the World a Clean Smelling Back
In addition to OMS based performance
additives and dispersing additives
we offer a specialty additive for odor
absorption.
Odor absorbers offer the solution to avoid
undesired odors in polymer applications.
The excellent odor absorbing properties
of TEGO® Sorb enables the effective control
of odors envolving from pigments,
polymers, compounds or masterbatches.
Typical odor creating substances are hydrogen
sulphide, mercaptane, amines and
others which will be covered by TEGO®
Sorb. Also the odor absorbers prevent the
emission from recycling polymers, ultramarineblue
pigment masterbatches, TPEs,
PA and others.
For the automotive industry in particular
the application of our products is of main
importance since it effectively provides
a way to manage the odor in the interior
of the car.
The film industry and manufacturers
of caps for bottles are the end users with
critical organoleptic requests where
TEGO® Sorb helps to meet those requirements.
11

Chemically TEGO® Sorb is a zinc ricinoleate
whereby the central metal zinc ion is
capable to bind malodor causing components.
Figure 8 shows the chemical structure
of TEGO® Sorb as well as a computer
model of the molecule.
TEGO® Sorb is compatible to polyolefines
and technical polymers. A concentration
between 0.5 and 2.0 % is sufficient to reduce
the malodor significantly. As an example
the reduced emission of sulphur
compounds from recycled Polyamide 6 is
shown in Figure 9.
Test setup
• Polymer: Recycled Polyamide 6
• Odor absorber: 1 % TEGO® Sorb
• Measurement: VOC thermo desorption
(VDA Norm 278)
The benefits of TEGO® Sorb can be
identified in the following manufacturing
steps:
• during production to guarantee an
environment free of malodor
• for reduced odor of the final product
• especially to eliminate malodor of
recycling materials or in rubber
production
Figure 9: Reduction of hydrogen
sulfide and mercapto methane by
TEGO® Sorb
Relative
GC units
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
No
additives
1 %
TEGO®
Sorb
Figure 8: Molecular structure of TEGO® Sorb
MeSH
H 2
S
12

4. Base Additives
Still necessary for Making Plastics Working
Antifogging Additives
Fogging results from the condensation of
water as small discrete droplets on the
surface of transparent plastic films. They
can be avoided by the use of those antifogging
additives. In greenhouses the water
droplets can act like small lenses and
damage plants leaves. In food packaging
droplet formation leads to unfavourable
appearance and may cause food spoilage.
TEGO® STS used as antifogging additives
acts as surface active or wetting agent and
prevents the formation of discrete water
droplets by building a continuous water
film. TEGO® STS is often used in combination
with TEGOMER® P 121 or P 122 in
masterbatches.
Antistatic Agents
Antistatic agents offer a solution against
negative effects related to electrostatic
charges like attraction of dust on plastic
part surfaces or static discharge.
TEGIN® 90 Pellets an antistatic agent can
be incorporated in the final production
step of basic polymers or in masterbatches
and compounds. It migrates to the surface
of the polymer film or part. In combination
with atmospheric humidity a conductive
film is formed on the surface of the
polymer, which is necessary to dissipate
the charge.
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5. Inhouse Evaluation Technologies
Our technical service – an offer for you
Evaluated property
Scratch and mar resistance
MFI properties and viscosity
Test method/equipment
Erichsen Scratch tester, e. g. GM 10640,
Five Finger Scratch test, Crockmaster
Melt flow path, Melt flow index by DIN 1133 or ASTM D 1238,
Anton Paar viscosimeter up to 400 °C
Flame retardence
Impact test
Notched impact test
UL94 evaluation, low oxygene index
Izod and Charpy method at room temperature
and at low temperature between -20 °C and -40 °C
Tensile strength, elongation
Zwick machine
Shark skin
Blow film line from Brabender
COF modification e. g. DIN EN ISO 8295
Gloss and color evaluation Datacolor, e.g. DIN EN ISO 2813 and 5033
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www.evonik.com/plastic-additives
For more detailed information or to obtain a brochure
which addresses a specific area of interest, please visit
our website.
This information and all further technical advice is
based on our present knowledge and experience.
However, it implies no liability or other legal responsibility
on our part, including with regard to existing
third party intellectual property rights, especially patent
rights. In particular, no warranty, whether express
or implied, or guarantee of product properties in the
legal sense is intended or implied.
We reserve the right to make any changes according
to technological progress or further developments.
The customer is not released from the obligation to
conduct careful inspection and testing of incoming
goods. Performance of the product described herein
should be verified by testing, which should be carried
out only by qualified experts in the sole responsibility
of a customer. Reference to trade names used by other
companies is neither a recommendation, nor does it
imply that similar products could not be used.
(April 2008)
Europe | Middle East | Africa
Evonik Industries AG
Goldschmidtstraße 100
45127 Essen
Germany
Phone +49 201 173-2665
fax +49 201 173-1990
Asia | Pacific
Evonik Degussa
Specialty Chemicals Co, Ltd.
55, Chundong Road
Xinzhuang Industry Park
Shanghai, 201108
PR China
Phone +86 21 6119-1125
fax +86 21 6119-1406
The Americas
Evonik Goldschmidt Corp.
914 E. Randolph Rd.
P.O. Box 1299
Hopewell, VA 23860
USA
Phone +1 804 541-8658
fax +1 804 541-2783
09/2013 Inv.-Nr.: 35-13