Active Learning In Chemistry Education - Potomac School

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SECTION 26.1 Alcohols Alcohols are molecules in which an alkyl group is attached to a hydroxy group (–OH). The hydroxy group is responsible for the characteristic properties of alcohols so we refer to it as the functional group for alcohols. There are three different methods for naming alcohols, but we will use only the IUPAC system. The rules that you used for naming alkanes and alkenes (in Chapter 25) are similar to those used for the alcohols. The modified rules are listed below. Additional Rules for the Nomenclature of Alcohols: RULE 1: RULE 2: RULE 3: RULE 4: Locate the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms which contains the "hydroxy" (–OH) group. This chain will serve to identify the parent compound. Number the chain so as to give the carbon atom which is bonded to the –OH group the lowest possible number. A number is included before the name of the parent compound to indicate the position of the –OH group. The suffix "ol" is added to the name to indicate that the molecule is an alcohol. Study the examples below. Note that the number indicating the position of the –OH group is not used if the chain is shorter than 3 carbons. Why? {1} _____________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Name Formula Condensed Structural Formula methanol CH3OH CH3 OH ethanol CH3CH2OH CH3 CH2 OH 1–propanol CH3CH2CH2OH CH3 CH2 CH2 OH OH 2–propanol CH3CHOHCH3 CH3 CH CH3 H H cyclopentanol H H C C C H OH OH H C C H H H 26–3 ©1997, A.J. Girondi
<strong>In</strong> addition, you see in the example above that the position of the –OH ("hydroxy") group is not included in the names of cyclic alcohols, either. Why not? (Remember that this is also the case for the double bond in cyclic alkenes. {2} ________________________________________________________________ (The hydroxy group,–OH, should not be confused with the hydroxide ion, OH 1– . The hydroxy group has the same formula, but it is not an ion.) Problem 1. Name the alcohols given below. a. CH3–CH2–CH–CH2–CH3 OH b. CH3–CH–CH2–CH3 OH c. CH3–CH–CH–CH3 OH CH3 OH CH3 d. CH3–CH–CH2–CH–CH–CH3 CH3 e. CH3–CH2–CH–CH2–CH2–CH2–OH CH2 CH3 f. OH g. OH CH3 h. CH3 OH CH3 i. CH3 OH CH2 CH3 26–4 ©1997, A.J. Girondi
Page 1 and 2: Active Learning In Chemistry Educat
Page 3 and 4: NOTICE OF RIGHTS All rights reserve
Page 5 and 6: hydrocarbons. These two elements ca
Page 7 and 8: Section 25.3 Alkyl Groups Carbon ch
Page 9 and 10: Problem 4. Draw a box around the lo
Page 11 and 12: RULE 4: If there are two or more di
Page 13 and 14: Like the "straight-chained" compoun
Page 15 and 16: ACTIVITY 25.7 Models of Cyclic Alka
Page 17 and 18: h. CH3 C CH CH3 CH2 CH3 i. CH3 CH C
Page 19 and 20: Problem 12. Name the alkynes drawn
Page 21 and 22: Problem 14. Write condensed structu
Page 23 and 24: SECTION 25.14 Student Notes 25-26
Page 25: NOTICE OF RIGHTS All rights reserve
Page 29 and 30: Additional Rule for the Nomenclatur
Page 31 and 32: Why would it be impossible for a ke
Page 33 and 34: O O O C C C O H O R O CH3 carboxyl
Page 35 and 36: CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3
Page 37 and 38: CH3 c. CH2-CH3 d. CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-CH
Page 39 and 40: c. chlorocyclopentane d. 1,3-difluo
Page 41 and 42: o. ethylmethylamine p. isopropyldim
Page 43 and 44: NOTICE OF RIGHTS All rights reserve
Page 45 and 46: Table 28.1 Isotopes of Some Selecte
Page 47 and 48: mass number atomic number 14 mass n
Page 49 and 50: Now, let's try working with some nu
Page 51 and 52: Becquerel also discovered that as t
Page 53 and 54: The particles which were deflected
Page 55 and 56: negative electrode positive electro

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