Kinetic Particles

• split phase space distribution into steady state and evolving perturbation:
f = f eq (z) + δf(z, t)
• δf evolves along the characteristics ż (control variates MC c )
using z = z eq + ˜z and ż eq · ∂f eq
∂z = 0
˙ δf = −˜z · ∂f eq
∂z
• the drift kinetic equations of motion are used as the particle characteristics
ẋ = v ‖ˆb + m (
)
eB 4 u 2 + v2 ⊥
)(B × ∇ B2
+ E × B
2 2 B 2 + µ 0mv‖
2
eB 2 J ⊥
m˙v ‖ = −ˆb · (µ∇B − eE)
c A. Y. Aydemir, ”A unified MC interpretation of particle simulations...”, Physics of Plasmas,
1, 1994