REVIT Heritage Report.pdf
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<strong>REVIT</strong><br />
revitalising industrial sites<br />
Torfaen County Borough Council<br />
A Review of the Conservation of<br />
Industrial <strong>Heritage</strong> Assets on<br />
Brownfield Sites<br />
November 2004<br />
Jacobs Babtie<br />
Churchill House, Churchill Way,<br />
Cardiff, CF10 2HH<br />
Tel 029 2035 3200<br />
www.revit-nweurope.org<br />
This report is part of the <strong>REVIT</strong> selfguiding trail.
Torfaen County Borough Council<br />
<strong>REVIT</strong>: A Review of the Conservation of Industrial <strong>Heritage</strong><br />
Assets on Brownfield Sites<br />
0014021/JM/001<br />
Jacobs Babtie Churchill House, Churchill Way, Cardiff, CF10 2HH<br />
Tel 029 2035 3200 Fax 029 2035 3222
Jacobs Babtie<br />
Churchill House,<br />
Churchill Way,<br />
CARDIFF,<br />
CF10 2HH<br />
Controlled Copy No.<br />
Torfaen County Borough Council<br />
Document No.: 0014021/JM/001<br />
<strong>REVIT</strong>: A Review of the Conservation of Industrial <strong>Heritage</strong> Assets on Brownfield Sites<br />
…………………………………………………..Divisional Director<br />
John Smithson<br />
Issue History<br />
Date Revision Status<br />
20 th October 2004 DRAFT<br />
19 th November 2004 FINAL<br />
Copyright Jacobs UK Limited. All Rights reserved.<br />
No part of this report may be copied or reproduced by any means without prior written permission from<br />
Jacobs UK Limited. If you have received this report in error, please destroy all copies in your possession or<br />
control and notify Jacobs UK Limited.<br />
This report has been prepared for the exclusive use of the commissioning party and unless otherwise<br />
agreed in writing by Jacobs UK Limited, no other party may use, make use of or rely on the contents of the<br />
report. No liability is accepted by Jacobs UK Limited for any use of this report, other than the purposes for<br />
which it was originally prepared and provided.<br />
Opinions and information provided in the report are on the basis of the Jacobs UK Limited using due skill,<br />
care and diligence in preparation of the same and no explicit warranty is provided as to their accuracy. It<br />
should be noted and it is expressly stated that no independent verification of any of the documents or<br />
information supplied to Jacobs UK Limited has been made.<br />
As of 12 August Babtie Group became part of the Jacobs Group of companies and is now known as Jacobs<br />
Babtie.
Torfaen County Borough Council<br />
<strong>REVIT</strong>: A Review of the Conservation of Industrial <strong>Heritage</strong> Assets on Brownfield Sites<br />
TABLE OF CONTENTS<br />
1 Introduction..............................................................................................................2<br />
2 Linking Industrial <strong>Heritage</strong> and Regeneration ......................................................3<br />
3 Industrial <strong>Heritage</strong>: Legal and Policy Background...............................................5<br />
4 Case Studies: Industrial <strong>Heritage</strong> Assets............................................................18<br />
5 Conclusions ...........................................................................................................40<br />
6 Bibliography...........................................................................................................45<br />
Appendix 1:..................................................................................................................48<br />
Appendix 2:..................................................................................................................74<br />
Appendix 3:..................................................................................................................77<br />
Appendix 4:..................................................................................................................80<br />
List of Figures<br />
Figure 1<br />
Figure 2<br />
Figure 3<br />
Sites within the Blaenavon Industrial Landscape, Torfaen<br />
Sites within the British Ironworks, Torfaen<br />
Sites within the Chatham Historic Docks, Medway<br />
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<strong>REVIT</strong>: A Review of the Conservation of Industrial <strong>Heritage</strong> Assets on Brownfield Sites<br />
1 Introduction<br />
1.1 Jacobs Babtie was commissioned by Torfaen County Borough Council to<br />
undertake the <strong>REVIT</strong> project (Towards More Effective and Sustainable<br />
Brownfield Revitalisation Policies) in accordance with a brief issued by the<br />
client.<br />
1.2 The <strong>REVIT</strong> scheme is an INTERREG IIB project, funded through the<br />
Department of the Environment, Regeneration Division, to develop joint<br />
approaches to the development, management and promotion of Brownfield<br />
sites.<br />
1.3 This study covers Torfaen County Borough Council, which is the lead authority<br />
for this project, and five partner areas, namely: the City of Stuttgart, the<br />
Communauté Urbaine de Nantes, the City of Tilburg, the City of Hengelo and<br />
Medway Council.<br />
1.4 This report is produced in conjunction with a further Jacobs Babtie report<br />
entitled “<strong>REVIT</strong>: A Review of Sustainable Brownfield Revitalisation<br />
Approaches” (0014021/R01 15/10/2004) which examines in detail the use of<br />
sustainable indicators within the partner areas.<br />
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2 Linking Industrial <strong>Heritage</strong> and Regeneration<br />
2.1 Cultural <strong>Heritage</strong> and Sustainable Development<br />
2.1.1 The European <strong>Heritage</strong> Conservation Year 1975 was a defining point in<br />
Europe’s change of attitude toward the historic landscape and a more<br />
questioning approach to unsustainable growth. In some countries of the<br />
European Union, large numbers of historic, and therefore architectural and<br />
archaeological sites, have been destroyed in the course of urban revival,<br />
economic expansion and road construction in the post-war period up to the<br />
1970s.<br />
2.1.2 The growth of heritage-led regeneration protection has frequently caused the<br />
reconsideration of urban renewal and state development policies as a whole.<br />
It has also led to more sustainable policies for the regeneration of historic<br />
landscapes to be adopted.<br />
2.1.3 As a result the conservation and protection of cultural heritage is no longer<br />
considered to be an obstacle, but the driving force of urban development; the<br />
source of attractiveness of towns and cities and a landscape’s uniqueness.<br />
New laws, administrative measures, state funding programmes and tax relief<br />
polices were instituted to promote sustainable conservation and protection of<br />
cultural heritage remains across the European Union and also to highlight the<br />
importance of conservation and protection of the cultural heritage.<br />
2.1.4 This trend matured and flourished in the 1980s, preserving historic the layout<br />
of towns and cities, carefully renewing the fabric of old buildings, integrating<br />
important architectural heritage sites, making use of growth potential in order<br />
to revive old buildings which are the basis of this policy of sustainable<br />
development.<br />
2.1.5 Over 100 years the decline and redundancy of large-scale manufacturing and<br />
mining industries in the great economies of Western Europe has left a gap in<br />
employment and land-use which is ripe for regeneration. At the same time the<br />
benefits were appreciated of preserving and conserving our cultural heritage in<br />
terms of the economic benefits, lifestyle and re-use of existing buildings<br />
against re-development.<br />
2.1.6 The definition of industrial heritage must be considered as broad as possible<br />
and encompass important features such as buildings, bridges, viaducts,<br />
aqueducts, leats, balance ponds, parks, landscapes, museums, archives,<br />
townscapes, waterways and archaeology, whether of local or national<br />
importance, as well as intangible heritage such as language or oral traditions.<br />
The emphasise has to be the need to deliver benefits to people as well as to<br />
places and deliver not just conservation, but greater access and involvement<br />
for communities and new economically sustainable uses for historic places.<br />
2.1.7 Historic places, buildings, landscapes or townscapes, are part of a wider<br />
heritage and people often relate strongly to the places where they live or were<br />
brought up. Historic buildings or features contribute to the distinctiveness and<br />
identity of places, and can be a source of history and meaning for people.<br />
<strong>Heritage</strong> adds depth, character and value to places. Individual owners may<br />
bear the cost of caring for a historic place, but the benefits accrue to the wider<br />
community. This is why there is often a case for subsidy or regulation to<br />
correct a failure of the market.<br />
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2.1.8 Historic buildings also have an important role to play in developing sustainable<br />
communities. One requirement of sustainable development is that buildings<br />
minimise the use of resources during construction and over time. Historic<br />
buildings represent embodied energy and to recycle them is to capitalise on<br />
investment and energy that has already been expended. Demolition of such<br />
structures is, therefore, an extremely wasteful exercise, particularly when<br />
followed by new-build.<br />
2.1.9 Recent research carried out by the Building Research Establishment in Britain<br />
(BRE) has shown that a typical Victorian-era house contains energy equivalent<br />
to 15,000 litres of petrol (EH, 2003). When seen in these terms, it is clear that<br />
urban regeneration schemes should not just be about creative new designs but<br />
should always include historic buildings for their positive impact on the natural<br />
environment and our finite energy sources.<br />
2.1.10 One of the Key issues identified by the Working Group “Brownfield<br />
Redevelopment” (CLARINET) was:<br />
“Development of methods and skills to respond to the increasing importance of<br />
preserving the industrial heritage in Brownfield projects”.<br />
2.1.11 In addition relevant objectives to industrial heritage include:<br />
• restricting Greenfield consumption by re-using Brownfields;<br />
• preserving the architectural heritage of the industrial revolution by finding<br />
new uses for historic industrial buildings;<br />
• increasing the skills of unemployed people by derelict land recycling, via<br />
the creation of new employment opportunities and<br />
• improvement of environmental quality e.g. by encapsulating or removing<br />
contaminated soil and restoring the landscape distorted by industrial use.<br />
2.1.12 The contribution of heritage to Brownfield regeneration includes:<br />
• provide a community focus for regeneration and act as a catalyst for the<br />
regeneration of the surrounding area;<br />
• create employment and contribute to a fall in vacancy rates in the nearby<br />
business premises;<br />
• contribute to attractive living and working conditions;<br />
• encourage sustainable tourism;<br />
• enhance people's quality of life;<br />
• contribute to social inclusion, learning, health and safe environments;<br />
• contribute to local distinctiveness by linking a place with its industrial past<br />
• develop skills<br />
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3 Industrial <strong>Heritage</strong>: Legal and Policy Background<br />
3.1 International Overview<br />
3.1.1 In 1972 the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization<br />
(UNESCO) produced the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World<br />
Cultural and Natural <strong>Heritage</strong> which sought to protect the cultural heritage in<br />
signatory areas.<br />
3.1.2 UNESCO produces the list of World <strong>Heritage</strong> Sites (WHS), under the advice of<br />
the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS), which seeks to<br />
protect sites of international importance.<br />
3.1.3 The standards of the Council of Europe are indicated in a series of Convention<br />
for the safeguarding:<br />
• architectural heritage (Grenada, October 3, 1985),<br />
• convention on the protection of the archaeological inheritance (Valetta,<br />
January 16, 1992)<br />
• landscape (Florence, October 20, 2000). European Convention Generally<br />
the recommendations of the Council of Europe in the field of the heritage<br />
are taken into account in the national legislation.<br />
3.2 England<br />
<strong>Heritage</strong> Bodies<br />
3.2.1 In England the Department of Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) is the central<br />
UK Government Department responsible for Government policy on the arts,<br />
sport and recreation, the National Lottery, libraries, museums and galleries,<br />
export licensing of cultural goods, broadcasting, film, press freedom and<br />
regulation, the built heritage, the royal estate and tourism.<br />
3.2.2 In England various government supported bodies protect and manage the<br />
archaeological and built heritage. These organizations recommend to the<br />
relevant minister buildings for listing and monuments for scheduling and parks<br />
and gardens for registering as well as retaining the definitive base data on<br />
such protected sites.<br />
3.2.3 In England the executive organization responsible for the protection of<br />
archaeological sites, monuments, listed buildings and parks and gardens is<br />
English <strong>Heritage</strong> (EH). Some movement towards centralisation of heritage<br />
functions has taken place in England, as the Royal Commission on Historical<br />
Monuments of England, which maintains its own National Monument Records,<br />
has been absorbed into EH.<br />
3.2.4 At a local level, in England local planning authorities usually retain their own<br />
archaeological staff who advise on the archaeological impact of planning<br />
applications. In England these archaeological groups maintain databases of<br />
their areas called the Sites and Monuments Record (SMR), increasingly known<br />
as Historic Environment Records (HER).<br />
3.2.5 In England the various local authorities also generally retain their own<br />
architectural conservation staff, although some rely on consultants or adjacent<br />
local authority staff to fill this function. The conservation staff provides advice<br />
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to the local authority on the implications of developments on the built heritage<br />
and provide guidance on listed building and Conservation Area applications.<br />
3.3 Wales<br />
<strong>Heritage</strong> Bodies<br />
3.3.1 The Department for Culture, Sport and the Welsh Language looks after<br />
heritage issues in Wales and forms part of the Welsh Assembly Government.<br />
3.3.2 In Wales various government supported bodies protect and manage the<br />
archaeological and built heritage. These organizations recommend to the<br />
ministry the buildings for listing, monuments for scheduling and landscapes,<br />
parks and gardens for registering as well as retaining the definitive base data<br />
on protected such sites.<br />
3.3.3 In Wales, Cadw (Welsh Historic Monuments) is the executive organization<br />
responsible for the protection of archaeological sites, monuments, listed<br />
buildings, parks, gardens and landscapes. In addition, in Wales unlike<br />
England, the Royal Commission on Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales (RCAHMW) still remains separate from Cadw.<br />
3.3.4 The Welsh planning authorities are advised by regional Archaeological Trusts,<br />
who are separate from the local authority. These archaeological groups<br />
maintain databases of their areas called the Sites and Monuments Record<br />
(SMR), but now increasingly known as Historic Environment Records (HER).<br />
3.3.5 The various Welsh local authorities also generally retain their own architectural<br />
and landscape conservation staff. The conservation staff provides advice to<br />
the local authority on the implications of developments on the built heritage<br />
and provide guidance on listed building and Conservation Area applications.<br />
Legal Framework England and Wales<br />
3.3.6 The statutory framework for the protection and management of England and<br />
Wales’ cultural heritage is provided by two Acts. The Ancient Monuments and<br />
Archaeological Areas Act 1979, is the primary legislation for the protection of<br />
archaeological remains. The Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation<br />
Areas) Act 1990 protects the built heritage.<br />
3.3.7 The former act protects nationally important sites as Scheduled Ancient<br />
Monuments (SAMs) as well as recommending preservation in situ for<br />
nationally significant sites, whether they are scheduled or not. The latter act<br />
provides statutory protection for the built heritage in the form of listed buildings,<br />
which are defined as being of special architectural and historic interest, and<br />
Conservation Areas, which are areas of special architectural and historic<br />
interest, the appearance of which it is desirable to preserve or enhance.<br />
3.3.8 In addition Hedgerow Regulations (Section 97, The Environment Act, 1997)<br />
sets out a presumption in favour of retaining historic hedgerows and<br />
‘hedgebanks’ (with hedges) which are over 20m in length and older than 30<br />
years that are considered to be historically, ecologically or visually important.<br />
3.3.9 Each local planning authority in England and Wales, within the scope of the<br />
Town and Country Planning Act publishes its own Local or Unitary planning<br />
policies which usually include policies on the protection of archaeological sites<br />
and monuments, listed buildings and conservation areas.<br />
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3.4 England<br />
3.4.1 English <strong>Heritage</strong> produces a register of historic parks and gardens, and local<br />
authorities also produce historic landscape characterisation studies. These<br />
areas currently have no statutory protection in law, but are protected by local<br />
planning policies and are a material consideration in determining planning<br />
applications.<br />
3.4.2 Planning guidance concerning archaeological remains is provided to local<br />
planning authorities by ‘Planning Policy Guidance Note 16: Planning and<br />
Archaeology’. This document established a presumption in favour of the<br />
preservation in situ of nationally important sites. Remains which are of<br />
regional or local importance may also be worthy of preservation in situ or,<br />
alternatively, preservation by record. The key tenet of these documents is that<br />
the ‘polluter pays’ i.e. the developer is responsible for paying for the cost of<br />
preserving sites or the excavation of unknown sites within the development.<br />
3.4.3 In England the guidance to planning authorities concerning the built heritage is<br />
set out in ‘Planning Policy Guidance 15: Planning and the historic<br />
environment’. This document establishes that it is an objective of the planning<br />
system to secure the preservation of all listed buildings and any features of<br />
special architectural or historic interest, which they might possess.<br />
Conservation Areas are protected as areas of special architectural or historic<br />
interest, which it is the duty of the local authority to preserve or enhance. The<br />
setting of a listed building or Conservation Area is also a material consideration<br />
in then planning process when determining the effect of developments in close<br />
proximity. The settings of SAMs, Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas are<br />
protected. However, there is no statutory duty to maintain historic buildings.<br />
3.4.4 Recent government proposals are moving towards the integration of dealing<br />
with all cultural heritage issues under a single all-embracing legislative and<br />
planning policy environment.<br />
3.4.5 The planning system recognises the importance of historic buildings of interest<br />
and quality, and both statutory controls and grant assistance may be used to<br />
secure their preservation or sympathetic alteration. Townscapes are now<br />
receiving particular attention, both through town schemes in which English<br />
<strong>Heritage</strong> and local authorities participate and an allied initiative launched by<br />
the <strong>Heritage</strong> Lottery Fund. The Townscape <strong>Heritage</strong> Initiative is working<br />
alongside organisations such as the English Partnerships to achieve<br />
regeneration. Locally listed buildings are protected by Local Authority Planning<br />
Policies.<br />
3.5 Wales<br />
3.5.1 Cadw produces a Register of historic parks and gardens, but only in Wales is<br />
there also a register of Historic Landscapes. There is currently no statutory<br />
protection in law for historic landscapes, parks and gardens, but they are<br />
protected by local planning policies and are a material consideration in<br />
determining planning applications.<br />
3.5.2 In Wales planning guidance relating to archaeological sites is established in<br />
Circular 60/96 'Planning and the Historic Environment: Archaeology'. This<br />
established a presumption in favour of the preservation in situ of nationally<br />
important sites. Remains which are of regional or local importance may also<br />
be worthy of preservation in situ or, alternatively, preservation by record. The<br />
key tenet of this document is that the ‘polluter pays’ i.e. the developer is<br />
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responsible for paying for the cost of preserving sites or the excavation of<br />
unknown sites within the development.<br />
3.5.3 Guidance to planning authorities in Wales concerning the built heritage is<br />
detailed in Circular 61/96 'Planning and the Historic Environment: Historic<br />
Buildings and Conservation Areas’.<br />
3.5.4 This document establishes that it is an objective of the planning system to<br />
secure the preservation of all listed buildings and any features of special<br />
architectural or historic interest, which they might possess.<br />
3.5.5 Conservation Areas are protected as areas of special architectural or historic<br />
interest, which it is the duty of the local authority to preserve or enhance. The<br />
setting of a listed building or Conservation Area is also a material consideration<br />
in then planning process when determining the effect of developments in close<br />
proximity. The settings of SAMs, Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas are<br />
protected.<br />
3.5.6 The planning system recognises the importance of historic buildings of interest<br />
and quality, and both statutory controls and grant assistance may be used to<br />
secure their preservation or sympathetic alteration. Townscapes now receive<br />
particular attention, both through town schemes in which Cadw and local<br />
authorities participate and an allied initiative launched by the <strong>Heritage</strong> Lottery<br />
Fund. In Wales the Townscape <strong>Heritage</strong> Initiative is working alongside<br />
organisations such as the Welsh Development Agency to achieve<br />
regeneration.<br />
3.6 Netherlands<br />
<strong>Heritage</strong> Bodies<br />
3.6.1 Preserving heritage sites has been official government policy in the<br />
Netherlands since 1874, when the national budget allowed for ‘the<br />
preservation and supervision of memorials of Dutch History and Art’. Although<br />
many castles, city gates, churches and medieval houses were demolished in<br />
the nineteenth century because they no longer served a purpose, this led to<br />
private initiatives being taken to preserve buildings of antiquarian interest.<br />
3.6.2 Cultural heritage was placed at the centre of improving the quality of the<br />
environment, and a partnership was formed between three Ministries<br />
(Education, Culture and Science; Housing, Spatial Planning and the<br />
Environment; and Agriculture, Nature Management and Fisheries) in order to<br />
coordinate cultural heritage and planning policy. <strong>Heritage</strong> policy was extended<br />
to include planning and the term ‘cultural planning’ was introduced. This<br />
essentially involves working together with all interested parties but is a<br />
development-oriented rather than conservation-led approach.<br />
3.6.3 The management of the cultural heritage in the Netherlands is relatively<br />
centrally managed. The archaeological resource is centrally curated by the<br />
Archaeological Expertise Centre (Ryksdienst voor het Oudheidkundig<br />
Bodemonderzoek or ROB), with the Kwaliteitsnorm Nederlandse Archeologie<br />
(KNA), the National Archaeological Inspectorate set up to monitor<br />
archaeological standards.<br />
3.6.4 ROB focuses on monuments of national and international importance, whether<br />
or not they have statutory protection. The responsibility of ROB is largely to<br />
protect and preserve archaeological sites; it only carries out a limited number<br />
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of small-scale evaluations on listed archaeological monuments or underwater<br />
sites.<br />
3.6.5 In addition ROB acts as an archaeological centre of excellence and provides a<br />
centralised inventory of all archaeological sites within the Archis digital<br />
database. This information system is centrally organised, maintained and<br />
developed, but is becoming partially decentralised. The database contains the<br />
latest archaeological information and the tracking of known and potential<br />
archaeological sites.<br />
3.6.6 Data is provided through the Indicative Map of Archaeological Values (IKAW)<br />
which provides information on the heritage value of sites with the aim of<br />
ensuring that this is incorporated into the planning process. The local and<br />
provincial authorities take responsibility for managing their own archaeological<br />
values and adding archaeological interests in zoning and regional plans. In<br />
land-use planning, ROB acts as a legal advisor for environmental impact<br />
assessment and has a permanent seat on the Provincial Planning Committees.<br />
3.6.7 The built heritage is managed by the Department for Conservation (Rijksdienst<br />
voor de Monumentenzorg, RDMZ), which is part of the Ministry of Education,<br />
Culture and Science. RDMZ, which was established in 1947, is responsible for<br />
protecting and conserving the built heritage including protected historic<br />
buildings, townscapes and landscapes.<br />
3.6.8 RDMZ also awards some grants for the restoration and maintenance of historic<br />
buildings, carries out scientific research in conservation, and gives advice in<br />
technical, cultural and historical, legal, urban planning matters.<br />
3.6.9 In addition, the Municipal Department for the Preservation and Restoration of<br />
Monuments and Sites, which was founded in 1953, can list monuments and<br />
buildings at risk, which urgently require restoration and is the lead organization<br />
for supporting building conservation and repair.<br />
3.6.10 Nationwide, there are some 1000 other private organisations (NGOs) which<br />
deal with the special categories or sectors of the cultural heritage.<br />
Legal Framework<br />
3.6.11 The Historic Buildings and Monuments Act (Monumentenwet) of 1988 forms<br />
the legislative framework for the protection of the archaeological sites and the<br />
built heritage in the Netherlands. This act has been superseded by a new<br />
Monuments and Historic Buildings Act, in order to implement the tenants of the<br />
Malta Convention (1992).<br />
3.6.12 The Historic Buildings and Ancient Monuments Act gives the following<br />
definition of historic buildings and sites: "all objects at least fifty years old which<br />
are of general interest because of their aesthetic value, their scientific interest<br />
or their cultural-historical significance". An object which meets the above<br />
criteria, however, is only a protected historic building or site if it is officially<br />
added to the list of such sites.<br />
3.6.13 In addition to providing statutory protection to single buildings and sites, the<br />
Historic Buildings and Ancient Monuments Act can list larger areas as<br />
"protected cityscapes", if they are considered to be of high architectural or<br />
cultural-historic value.<br />
3.6.14 The archaeological heritage is partly protected under the Monuments and<br />
Historic Buildings Act together with the World <strong>Heritage</strong> Convention. Any<br />
planned activities that may disturb a protected archaeological site requires a<br />
permit from the ROB which champions preservation of sites in situ.<br />
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Conservation Policy<br />
3.6.15 Dutch conservation policy consists of several aspects, such as the<br />
identification and listing of heritage sites, of townscapes and rural sites, town<br />
and country planning, legislation for restoration and maintenance works and<br />
their financing and international policy.<br />
3.6.16 The overall policy is no longer focused on restoration, but on the maintenance<br />
of sites and monuments. In the Netherlands there are more than 47,000<br />
monuments listed by the State, of which the major part date from before 1850,<br />
and more than 300 protected townscapes and rural sites. In addition to this,<br />
many monuments (30,000) profit from municipal or provincial protection.<br />
3.6.17 During the last few years, strategies have been developed to preserve the<br />
whole context of a monument, both in space and time, a new challenge that<br />
has to find its place in the ongoing process of spatial planning.<br />
3.7 France<br />
Main <strong>Heritage</strong> Bodies<br />
3.7.1 Nantes Metropole is located within the region of Pay de la Loire and the<br />
department of Loire Atlantique. In France the Act of 1983 decentralised and<br />
transferred certain Town Planning and development responsibilities to the<br />
communes and they now have exclusive responsibility for drafting their own<br />
town planning documents called Land Use Plans (POS).<br />
3.7.2 The overall responsibility for cultural heritage rests with the Minister for Culture<br />
and national policy is implemented on the minister’s behalf by the Architecture<br />
and <strong>Heritage</strong> Directorate (DAPA , Direction de l'Architecture et du Patrimoine).<br />
3.7.3 Within the Architecture and <strong>Heritage</strong> Directorate (DAPA) there are various subdirectorates<br />
which manage their relevant areas. The archaeology subdirectorate<br />
guides archaeological policy and the architecture sub-directorate<br />
co-ordinates the management of landscape and urban areas. A further subdirectorate,<br />
the urban quality and architecture (sous-direction de la qualité des<br />
espaces et de l'architecture) acts as an interface between the heritage<br />
(inventory, archaeology and historic monuments) and aesthetic aspects of the<br />
Directorate. A further sub-directorate for research carries out inventories on<br />
behalf of the entire <strong>Heritage</strong> Directorate.<br />
3.7.4 At a national level there are also four national specialist bodies which advise<br />
the Minister of Culture on heritage matters. These are:<br />
• the Historic Monuments Board (Commission Supérieure des Monuments<br />
Historiques or CSMH);<br />
• the National Archaeological Research Council (Conseil Supérieur de la<br />
Recherche Archéologique);<br />
• the National Inventory Commission (Commission Nationale de<br />
L'inventaire); and,<br />
• the Ethnological <strong>Heritage</strong> Council (Conseil du Patrimoine Ethnologique).<br />
3.7.5 The Architecture and <strong>Heritage</strong> Directorate (DAPA) is advised at a local level by<br />
the Commission of Regional <strong>Heritage</strong> and Sites (CRPS, Commission<br />
Régionale du Patrimoine et des Sites).<br />
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3.7.6 In addition the Department of Architecture and <strong>Heritage</strong> Services (SDAP,<br />
Services Départementaux de L'architecture et du Patrimoine) provides regional<br />
advice to the ministry for Culture and Communication. There is an SDAP<br />
located in each prefecture in France, and in the Pays de la Loire it is situated<br />
within Nantes, the principal town, under the authority of the prefect.<br />
3.7.7 The SDAP acts as the State representative in the management of the setting<br />
of protected historic monuments, safeguarded sectors, classified sites and<br />
conservation areas. They also deal with the maintenance and restoration of<br />
historic buildings grants, and deliver advice on all the projects affecting the<br />
setting of protected historic buildings and sites.<br />
3.7.8 The SDAP have three principal functions:<br />
• they advise the local authority on the promotion of architecture and town<br />
planning quality;<br />
• they deliver reports on all the projects which affect historic areas in order to<br />
maintain or enhance these areas; and<br />
• they preserve historic buildings placed under their responsibility and ensure<br />
the control of construction work to protected historic buildings.<br />
3.7.9 The Regional Directorate of Cultural Affairs (DRAC, Direction Régionale des<br />
Affaires Culturelles), which is the representative of the Ministry for the Culture<br />
in each of the 22 regions. DRAC is in charge of the regional implementation of<br />
heritage services and offers scientific or technical advice and is responsible for<br />
initiating the heritage protection procedure.<br />
3.7.10 DRAC also produces an inventory for historic monuments, archaeological sites<br />
which provides decision-makers with a management tool for urban<br />
development. Within each DRAC, an architectural advisor is responsible for<br />
coordinating regional policies for the implementation of <strong>Heritage</strong> Protection<br />
Zones (ZPPAUPs) (See below).<br />
3.7.11 In the regions the archaeology sub-directorate is implemented by the Service<br />
Regional de l’Archeologie (SRA). The Regional Curator for Archaeology<br />
heads the SRA and manages a team of curators, researchers and technicians<br />
as well as the Carte Archeologique (database of Sites and Monuments)<br />
Legislation: The protection of historic monuments<br />
3.7.12 The national Town and Country Planning Code (code de l’urbanisme) is based<br />
on the existing land plans (plan local d’urbanisme, PLU), and the former Land<br />
Use Plans (plan d’occupation des sols, POS). The aim of the Town Planning<br />
documents are to restrict, where necessary, the use of Greenfield space and to<br />
provide for the protection of, among other things, archaeological sites, urban<br />
areas, the environment and landscapes.<br />
3.7.13 The Land Use Plans (POS) can provide special regulations to protect parts of<br />
towns, monuments, streets, sites and may lay down very precise rules relating<br />
to town planning and the built environment. A Decree of 1986, created the<br />
protection of Natural Zones (ND zones), within the Land Use Plans (POS), and<br />
this has been extended to include sites of historic and archaeological interest.<br />
3.7.14 Each commune may issue planning permission and demolition permits,<br />
provided that they have an approved POS. However, in the case of<br />
communes which do not have a POS, for instance in rural areas, the state<br />
retains these powers.<br />
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3.7.15 The main cultural heritage legislation is provided by the Historic Monuments<br />
Act of 1913; the Act of 1941 regulating archaeological excavations; and the Act<br />
of 1983 which decentralised certain planning and heritage functions and<br />
transferred Town Planning and development to the communes.<br />
3.7.16 The Archaeological Excavations Act (Act of 1941) makes archaeological<br />
excavations subject to state supervision and requires a permission to proceed<br />
with archaeological excavation.<br />
3.7.17 The Historic Monuments Act of 1913 provides protection of the cultural<br />
heritage at two levels:<br />
3.7.18 Listed buildings are protected as those buildings whose conservation is in the<br />
public interest, from a historic or artistic point of view, as well megalithic<br />
monuments and land which encloses prehistoric settlements or deposits. Such<br />
sites are listed on the recommendation of Historic Monuments Board<br />
(Commission supérieure des monuments historiques or CSMH); and<br />
3.7.19 Supplementary Inventory protects historic buildings and monuments which are<br />
of sufficient artistic or historical interest to justify their preservation. They are<br />
proposed by the Regional <strong>Heritage</strong> and Sites Board (CRPS).<br />
3.7.20 An Act of 1943 introduced the concept of the "setting" of a listed monument,<br />
defined as a 500 m radius around the monument. Once a building has been<br />
listed or included in the Supplementary Inventory all property, whether<br />
developed or not, the setting within a 500m radius of the monument and within<br />
sight of the monument is protected. Any building situated in the surroundings<br />
of a historic monument and in its field of view is deemed to be included in the<br />
supplementary inventory.<br />
3.7.21 A large part of France's rural heritage is in fact protected by the Supplementary<br />
Inventory; this protection is weak but has been effective in protecting villages<br />
and rural buildings. The weakness of the protection is supplemented by Urban<br />
Landscape <strong>Heritage</strong> Protection Zones (Zones de protection du patrimoine<br />
architectural, urbain et paysager or ZPPAUP) which are considered useful for<br />
protecting the heritage in rural areas.<br />
3.7.22 Under the decentralisation Act of 1983 each commune can replace the fixed<br />
500m protection of with an Urban <strong>Heritage</strong> Protection Zone (ZPPAUP) which is<br />
decided jointly by the commune and the state. Each ZPPAUP may take in the<br />
distinctive urban, archaeological, architectural and landscape features of one<br />
or more communes. These zones have made the rules governing the areas<br />
surrounding historical monuments more flexible, strengthened the protection of<br />
the urban and rural heritage and given communes an active role in managing<br />
and enhancing their heritage.<br />
3.7.23 A further Act of 1962 instituted the protection of conservation areas called<br />
areas of Safeguarded Sectors and Development (Plan de sauvegarde et de<br />
mise en valeur - PSMV), which are areas which have "a historical or aesthetic<br />
character likely to justify the conservation, restoration and development of<br />
whole or part of the whole of buildings”.<br />
3.7.24 The PSMV lays down design guidance for development proposals of every<br />
building and area within the zone e.g conservation, demolition, reconstruction,<br />
and protection of yards and gardens. The PSMV supersedes other Land Use<br />
Plans and any other town-planning documents in the area concerned. The<br />
PSMV, therefore, constitutes both a conservation area and acts as a town<br />
planning document.<br />
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3.7.25 The PSMV is considered an excellent instrument for managing historic town<br />
centres or districts and for re-development of architectural and urban areas.<br />
However, although it is an effective means of protecting and enhancing old<br />
parts of towns it only applies to urban areas of major interest.<br />
3.7.26 The PSMV also provides for tax relief on building restoration work undertaken<br />
by private landlords, who may form an association for this purpose.<br />
3.7.27 Unfortunately the procedure for setting up a PSMV is a long and complex one,<br />
but it does make it possible to carry out a detailed study of the architectural<br />
and urban heritage and entails extensive consultation with all the local bodies<br />
concerned, including the municipal council.<br />
Inventory of historic monuments<br />
3.7.28 Within the Ministry of Culture, the Sub-directorate for Research provides<br />
heritage research and produces the General Inventory on behalf of the entire<br />
<strong>Heritage</strong> Directorate.<br />
3.7.29 Within the regional cultural affairs directorates, this function is represented by<br />
the regional inventory departments. The General Inventory, established in<br />
1964, comprises a topographical framework covering any buildings erected<br />
before 1940, whether private or public, urban or rural, as well as movable<br />
objects and thematic or geographical inventory studies.<br />
3.7.30 There are other specific national inventories including of an inventory of pre-<br />
1950 sites of industrial and technical interest, which comprises surviving<br />
buildings and machinery from that period.<br />
3.7.31 One specific programme run by the Architecture and <strong>Heritage</strong> Directorate in<br />
co-operation with regional departments relates to engineering landscape<br />
structures such as canals and hydraulic constructions, bridges, viaducts,<br />
railway tracks and related structures. The project currently covers more than<br />
half of regions of France.<br />
3.7.32 The on-going Archaeological Map of France (Carte Archeologique) is the<br />
responsibility of the Archaeological Sub-directorate of the Minister of Culture,<br />
and records known archaeological sites in France. The most outstanding of<br />
these sites have been protected as listed sites or sites on the supplementary<br />
inventory under the Historic Monuments Act of 1913.<br />
3.7.33 The inventory of archaeological sites is based on each regional archaeology<br />
departments "archaeological map", produced by the relevant DRAC. The<br />
various regional departments’ records are extremely variable in coverage. The<br />
information was recorded on the DRACAR system, which was replaced at the<br />
end 2000 by a new GIS database called PATRIARCH.<br />
3.7.34 These inventories are the basis of the Architecture and <strong>Heritage</strong> Directorate’s<br />
policy on protection under the 1913 Historic Monuments Act and Town and<br />
Country planning. They play a part in deciding what must be protected and in<br />
assessing the probable implications for regional planning taking into account of<br />
the archaeological heritage in town-planning. The overall aim is to supply the<br />
state and decision-makers with a management tool as a preliminary to the<br />
drawing up of town-planning documents and planning permissions.<br />
Conclusion<br />
3.7.35 In conclusion, the entire system for the protection of protected areas (sites<br />
included in the supplementary inventory, areas surrounding historic<br />
monuments, <strong>Heritage</strong> Protection Zones (ZPPAUPs) and conservation areas)<br />
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depends on the recommendation or approval of the official architect, which is<br />
mandatory for planning permission and demolition permits issued by local<br />
authorities. The system is therefore based on a combination of state and local<br />
authority powers.<br />
3.7.36 The system of cultural heritage protection in France has a large number of<br />
public bodies operating in various specialised areas at national level and a<br />
regional level and with the authority of many bodies seemingly overlapping.<br />
3.8 Germany<br />
<strong>Heritage</strong> Bodies<br />
3.8.1 The Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland or BRD) has<br />
no full ministry for culture heritage, although conservation and protection of<br />
cultural heritage has always been a main element of the Federal Government’s<br />
cultural policy and the Federal Government has launched several programmes<br />
dedicated to this purpose.<br />
3.8.2 The institutions involved in the protection of cultural heritage in Germany are<br />
the:<br />
• Permanent Conference of Ministers of Education and Culture of the<br />
Federal States (Ständige Konferenz der Kultusminister der Länder (KMK))<br />
• The German National Committee for Monument Protection (Deutsche<br />
Nationalkomitee für Denkmalschutz (DNK)<br />
3.8.3 The KMK deals with issues of general interest in relation to conservation and<br />
protection of cultural heritage and facilitate the co-ordination of organisational<br />
and administrative issues. In addition representatives of the respective state<br />
ministries sit on the relevant committee of the KMK.<br />
3.8.4 The DNK was established in 1973 and is responsible for promoting the<br />
interests of cultural heritage protection in a variety of political areas. In<br />
addition to engaging in a broad range of public relations activities, it provides<br />
comprehensive support on issues relating to the conservation and protection of<br />
cultural heritage and also plays a major role in shaping the general legal<br />
framework for cultural heritage conservation and protection and published<br />
“Promoting Sustainable Development and Architectural Culture” 2000.<br />
3.8.5 The national organisation of state archaeologists is called the<br />
Landesarchäologen and this is normally formed from the heads of the<br />
archaeological departments within the heritage management sections of the<br />
federal states. The Landesarchäologen acts as advisor to the federal<br />
ministers.<br />
3.8.6 Under the German constitution and federal system, many functions of<br />
government are controlled by the 16 individual federal states (Bundesländer).<br />
As a result the conservation and protection of the cultural heritage falls<br />
primarily within the remit of the federal states. They are responsible for<br />
adopting and executing laws governing the protection of the cultural heritage,<br />
together with the higher (administrative districts) and lower (districts and<br />
communes) cultural heritage authorities.<br />
3.8.7 The federal states also carry the main responsibility for providing conservation<br />
funds. However, substantial funds are also provided by the communes, the<br />
churches, foundations and private owners of monuments and historic<br />
buildings. Moreover, private owners of monuments and historic buildings<br />
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receive a certain amount of compensation, in the form of tax relief, for the<br />
additional burden of maintaining the cultural heritage.<br />
3.8.8 Depending on each federal state, the administration is either a two-or three-tier<br />
system. Cultural heritage institutions may be: "lower heritage conservation<br />
authorities", chiefly found at district level, but also at municipal level; "higher<br />
heritage conservation authorities" at state level, but found only in the larger<br />
states; and finally the "superior heritage conservation authority", which is a<br />
State Ministry with responsibility for cultural affairs<br />
3.8.9 Stuttgart is located in Baden-Württemberg, which is a Federal Bundesländer<br />
divided into four regions with Stuttgart as a Federal capital and Administrative<br />
District in its own right.<br />
3.8.10 The federal states’ laws on cultural heritage protection provide for a central<br />
specialised authority, the National Monument Office (Landesdenkmalamt or<br />
LDA), in each federal state.<br />
3.8.11 The National Monument Office of Baden-Württemberg is the central authority<br />
responsible for all specific issues relating to cultural heritage in the region and<br />
is only subject to the control of the supreme cultural heritage protection<br />
authority.<br />
3.8.12 The LDA is divided into the Department of Building and Art Monument care,<br />
the Department of Archaeological Care of Monuments and the of Department<br />
administration and inventory services.<br />
3.8.13 The responsibilities of the LDA involve advising the lower cultural heritage<br />
authorities (communes), the owners of monuments and historic buildings and<br />
drawing up guidance on all issues relating to the conservation and protection<br />
of the cultural heritage. The LDA represents the interests of cultural heritage<br />
conservation in respect of all public planning and development projects and<br />
maintains a list of monuments and historic buildings.<br />
3.8.14 The higher cultural heritage authorities (district governments) exercise<br />
technical control over the lower cultural heritage authorities. They are<br />
responsible for monuments and historic buildings under the trusteeship of the<br />
Federal Government, or of the federal states and, sometimes, for drawing-up<br />
and updating lists of monuments and historic buildings.<br />
3.8.15 The lower cultural heritage authorities (rural districts and communes) are<br />
generally responsible for the practical implementation of cultural heritage<br />
conservation and protection. This means they are the main point of contact for<br />
all inquiries, applications and appeals.<br />
3.9 Legal Background<br />
3.9.1 The main national legal protection is the Article Act (artikelgesetz) of 1980<br />
governing the incorporation of cultural heritage protection into Federal Law.<br />
This means cultural heritage protection has been integrated into a number of<br />
federal laws (legislation governing regional planning, waterways, federal laws<br />
governing nature conservation, telecommunications laws etc.) based on the<br />
information gained during, and obligations ensuing, from the European<br />
<strong>Heritage</strong> Conservation Year in 1975. A recommendation issued by the<br />
German National Committee for Monument Protection (Deutsche<br />
Nationalkomitee für Denkmalschutz) provided the basis for the Article Act.<br />
3.9.2 In addition national Planning Legislation of 1991 stipulates that cultural<br />
heritage must be taken into consideration in urban development plans and this<br />
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regulation has been integrated into the relevant laws of the federal states. The<br />
institutions which deal with heritage management therefore differ from state to<br />
state. Some states even have two regional heritage bodies due to historic<br />
differences.<br />
3.9.3 The legal basis for the conservation and protection of cultural heritage is<br />
regulated in the various heritage protection laws of the federal states. The<br />
state laws define the cultural heritage value, the competencies, access to<br />
monuments and historic buildings, tasks, rights and obligations of the public<br />
sector and of the owners of monuments and historic buildings.<br />
3.9.4 Following reunification in the years between 1990 and 1994, Eastern Germany<br />
adopted the various cultural heritage protection laws enacted by the federal<br />
states in West Germany between 1971 and 1980. In Eastern Germany the<br />
special “Urban <strong>Heritage</strong> Protection” programme was implemented as part of<br />
the promotion of urban development has been particularly successful<br />
3.9.5 The legal basis for monument protection and care of monuments in Baden-<br />
Württemberg is the monument protection law of 1972. Cultural monument<br />
protection encompasses: "...objects, or any part it, whose preservation is in the<br />
public interest due to scientific, artistic or local-historical reasons”. The cultural<br />
monument protection also includes any other structures belonging to such a<br />
monument, as forms part of the principal monument, or is within the setting of<br />
a monument.<br />
3.9.6 Permission on statutorily protected monuments is provided by the lower<br />
monument protection authorities in consultation with the land agency, the<br />
mayoralties and/or the higher monument protection authorities.<br />
3.9.7 Due to the federal structure and the associated allocation of responsibilities,<br />
Germany does not have a national cultural heritage inventory of sites and<br />
monuments. Instead, the specialised cultural heritage authorities in each<br />
Federal area provide inventories for the cultural heritage and these are<br />
financed from federal state funds.<br />
3.9.8 Whilst each state has a "list of monuments and historic buildings ", there is not<br />
necessarily any link between the protection of land and buildings and their<br />
status as listed monuments. In some states, listing has no more than a<br />
declaratory effect, and the protective provisions of the law apply to all<br />
constructions, sites or objects which meet the statutory definition of<br />
"monument", regardless of whether they are listed or not. In others, listing has<br />
"constitutive" effect; only those buildings listed as monuments are protected.<br />
3.9.9 The practical difference between the two systems lies in the fact that<br />
constitutive listing entails an administrative procedure designed to determine<br />
the building's legal status as a monument, whereas declaratory listing does not<br />
entail any administrative procedure, and the question of whether a building is<br />
or is not a monument can be left open until such time as a firm and final<br />
decision is required for a restoration or demolition scheme.<br />
3.9.10 All state cultural heritage conservation agencies are developing GIS systems,<br />
although most of them have not yet done so. In the majority of cases, there is<br />
a trend towards integration of cultural heritage with the State Surveyor’s Office<br />
within the framework of the “real estate registers” (ALKIS), or digitised maps.<br />
The integration of cultural heritage into framework is useful for the state<br />
cultural heritage conservation agencies because it can be used by the planning<br />
authorities for planning decisions which take cultural heritage into<br />
consideration.<br />
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3.9.11 In Baden-Württemberg the list inventory has an emphasis on buildings, art,<br />
archaeology from pre and early history and the Middle Ages. Results of the<br />
inventory form the basis for the publications from the office for national<br />
monument and these inventories are available on-line.<br />
Conclusions<br />
3.9.12 The 1980s were considered to be the period of sustainable urban renewal in<br />
the post-war urban development of the Federal Republic of Germany, and as<br />
the period of identity-fostering emphasis in regional development. This policy<br />
was continued with visible success in the 1990s, in Eastern Germany too,<br />
where most of the historic architectural structures had been maintained,<br />
although in poor condition. The hierarchy for the protection of the cultural<br />
heritage is very well-defined in Germany within the individual Bundesländer as<br />
almost all functions are devolved to the individual federal states.<br />
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4 Case Studies: Industrial <strong>Heritage</strong> Assets<br />
4.1 Introduction<br />
4.1.1 In each of the partner areas a number of case studies have been examined for<br />
best-practice in the conservation and promotion of industrial heritage in the<br />
regeneration of sustainable Brownfield sites. The sites which have been<br />
examined are developments where the industrial heritage is central to<br />
regeneration and is treated as a stimulant to regeneration rather than a<br />
hindrance. One definition of sustainable development, which takes account of<br />
the importance of preserving the historic environment is:<br />
"Development within the capacities of our natural and cultural resource base whilst<br />
safeguarding social and economic vitality".<br />
4.1.2 Within the context of these case studies, the report examines some of the<br />
approaches used on different sites in order to draw-on best practice within<br />
such developments and propose opportunities for the further promotion of the<br />
industrial heritage as tourist attractions.<br />
4.1.3 Abandoned historic industrial sites obviously have a high potential for attaining<br />
the general aims of sustainable development and regeneration, such as:<br />
• reducing poverty and improving the quality of life in post-industrial<br />
communities;<br />
• efficient re-use of existing cultural, natural, social and economic assets;<br />
• safeguarding the interests and heritage for future generations;<br />
• improving the image and appearance of run-down areas;<br />
• promoting local economic development;<br />
• providing public places and green spaces;<br />
• encouragement of private investment;<br />
• empowering disenfranchised communities and renewing civic pride; and<br />
• revitalising community identity and iconic structures.<br />
4.1.4 At the European Union level the cultural heritage is being addressed in the<br />
European Spatial Development Perspective (ESDP). One of the main aims of<br />
the ESDPs is to promote a more balanced and polycentric system of cities with<br />
a new urban-rural relationship and prudent management and development of<br />
the natural and cultural heritage.<br />
4.2 Torfaen<br />
4.2.1 Within Torfaen County Borough Council, in south-east Wales, there a number<br />
of former industrial sites which are important for their historic features such as<br />
ironworks and tinplate works, iron, coal and mine workings, tramways,<br />
railways, leats, weirs and canals which are representative of South Wale’s<br />
important role in the Industrial Revolution in Britain. Associated with these<br />
features are churches, chapels, monuments, workers housing, turnpike roads,<br />
offices and industrial estate owner’s houses which also contribute to the<br />
industrial character and landscape and have high potential for regeneration of<br />
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Brownfield areas. These sites all fit, to varying degrees, the definition of<br />
Brownfield sites and offer differing opportunities for regeneration.<br />
4.2.2 In Torfaen the two main post-industrial sites which have been identified as<br />
case studies in Brownfield development are:<br />
• The Blaenavon Industrial Landscape World <strong>Heritage</strong> Site (WHS), which<br />
currently forms the most significant example of industrial heritage-led<br />
Brownfield regeneration within the Borough and Wales; and<br />
• The former-British Ironworks site at Talywain, which has been identified as<br />
having significant potential for heritage-led Brownfield regeneration.<br />
4.2.3 Both the Blaenavon WHS and the British Ironworks site retain a significant<br />
number of archaeologically and architecturally important sites and monuments.<br />
Many of the industrial structures, as well as the associated features from that<br />
era, are well-built and have potential for re-development. However, the<br />
industrial remains are also protected by various forms of cultural heritage<br />
legislation.<br />
4.2.4 As a result of their under-use, such sites frequently suffer from neglect,<br />
weather damage and vandalism, which makes re-development at a later date<br />
more costly. In terms of the conservation of historic structures, the loss of the<br />
protection from the elements, for instance the roof of a building, is the single<br />
most important factor leading to the deterioration of historic features.<br />
4.2.5 Further environmental issues on these are the constraints imposed by the<br />
protection of ecological habitats and their landscape value. In addition these<br />
sites include the potential for residual contaminants relating to their industrial<br />
uses, although both sites largely ceased to function as ironworks over 100<br />
years ago.<br />
The British Ironworks Site<br />
4.2.6 The former British Ironworks site is located in the Cwm Afon, known as the<br />
Eastern Valley. It was originally opened in 1827 as part of the massive<br />
investment and growth in the iron industry in South Wales (See Figure 2).<br />
4.2.7 Although this site has not currently been subject to any significant remediation<br />
work or environmental assessment, an outline examination of the site does<br />
highlight the potential of the area for sustainable development.<br />
4.2.8 Historically the British Ironworks concentrated on the large-scale production of<br />
medium quality forge pig iron and, by 1840, the works had begun to produce<br />
iron rails. However, there was no foundry for the production of cast iron.<br />
4.2.9 The British Ironworks, like many other ironworks within the area relied mainly<br />
on the local extraction of ironstone, limestone and haematite. Coal and<br />
ironstone was delivered via an integrated tramroad system which ran down the<br />
hillside to the west of the works. These tramroad and railway lines survive<br />
mainly as tracks to the north and southwest of the main ironworks. The<br />
finished iron was transported to the Monmouthshire Canal at Pontnewynydd.<br />
Coke was also produced at the site from locally mined coal.<br />
4.2.10 By 1883 the British had closed and the buildings were dismantled. After the<br />
closure of the works, the area around the works was mined as the Navigation<br />
Pit, which was active between 1900 and the 1970s. During the 1940s part of<br />
the site was also used as a wagon repair yard by Great Western Railways.<br />
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4.2.11 The cultural heritage of the site has statutory protection including listed<br />
buildings and Scheduled Ancient Monuments (SAMs). The protected sites are:<br />
• Big Arch bridge, which is a listed structure - Grade II (Record No.14871);<br />
• The Cornish Engine House, which is a Scheduled Ancient Monument<br />
(MM216);<br />
• The Site Offices quadrangle, which forms a Listed Building - Grade II*<br />
(Record No.14870);<br />
• Cwmbyrgwm Colliery Chimney, which is a Scheduled Ancient Monument<br />
(MM163);<br />
• The Air Furnace within the Site Office Complex, which is a Scheduled<br />
Ancient Monument (MM211); and<br />
4.2.12 The area between Cwmbyrgwm Water Balance and the Chimney, which is a<br />
Scheduled Ancient Monument (MM163).<br />
4.2.13 In addition to these sites the former British Ironworks site retains potential for<br />
undiscovered archaeological remains within the site and there are a number of<br />
non-statutorily protected sites within it. Many of these sites can be identified<br />
from the 1880 Ordnance Survey map (Monmouthshire Sheet 28) or are<br />
recorded by Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust within the SMR, including:<br />
• the furnaces and the foundations of the casting-house facade area;<br />
• the forge and mill;<br />
• tramways and railway;<br />
• the engine blowing-house;<br />
• the brick-works; and<br />
• the coke ovens.<br />
4.2.14 The furnace, forge and mill structure consists of a row of six blast furnaces<br />
which were built in 1826-7 on an east-west orientation. These structures were<br />
erected on sloping ground with a charging-bank constructed to the rear of each<br />
furnace; the furnaces and the sloping bank partly collapsed in 1826 due to<br />
poor engineering.<br />
4.2.15 The well-built offices and workshops form a group of derelict buildings centred<br />
on a quadrangle. They were originally built as a single-storey structure, until<br />
the main quadrangle building was extended into a two storey building, probably<br />
sometime after 1862. The remains of the air furnace is located against the<br />
north-east wall although this has recently been badly damaged by vandalism.<br />
4.2.16 The impressive Cornish pumping-engine house survives as a three-storey<br />
sandstone building. This structure was built around 1845, and originally<br />
housed a vertical beam-engine used to tackle the problem of underground<br />
flooding.<br />
4.2.17 There is also an ashlar masonry chimney structure, dating from 1826, which<br />
now only survives at base level. The structure is approximately 2m above<br />
present ground level and is about 4.2m square, located 20m north-east of the<br />
surviving engine-house.<br />
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4.2.18 The coke ovens were built in the late 1840’s of red fire-bricks laid on a stone<br />
rubble foundation to replace the earlier open coke heaps. The coke ovens<br />
north-west of the ironworks were partly exposed and damaged by water action.<br />
4.2.19 The impressive Big Arch bridge, which was built in 1879 of yellow brick with<br />
stone voussoirs, dominates the entrance to the site. It carried the Great<br />
Western Railway line over works entrance. A railway shed, which was<br />
constructed in 1926 as a railway wagon repair shop, still survives on the site.<br />
On the outskirts of the site is the Old Castle Farm (SO 2577 0417), an early<br />
post-medieval farmhouse, located to the north of the ironworks.<br />
Blaenavon Industrial Landscape World <strong>Heritage</strong> Site<br />
4.2.20 The Blaenavon Ironworks forms the centre of the World <strong>Heritage</strong> Site<br />
encompassing over 33,000 square hectares. The landscape is a Registered<br />
Landscape of Outstanding Historic Interest (HLW (Gt) 1 and the historic sites<br />
are extensively protected by a number of statutory measures including listed<br />
building and Scheduled Monument status. There are also other ecological and<br />
landscape constraints, including four Sites of Special Scientific Interest<br />
(SSSIs), which affect the area’s potential re-use.<br />
4.2.21 The site, which is located adjacent to the Brecon Beacons National Park, is<br />
protected and managed by the Blaenavon Partnership, both as a historic<br />
landscape and as a series of individual sites which encompass the historic<br />
town. Blaenavon's historic landscape features have been actively conserved<br />
and interpreted by the Partnership which was formed from representatives<br />
from the main public bodies. These partners include Torfaen County Borough<br />
Council, Monmouthshire County Council, the Brecon Beacons National Park,<br />
Blaenau Gwent County Borough Council, Blaenavon Town Council, the<br />
Countryside Council for Wales, the Welsh Development Agency, the Welsh<br />
Tourist Board, British Waterways, the National Trust and Cadw. By involving<br />
many partners the Trust aims to provide effective stewardship and<br />
conservation of the landscape and its sensitive regeneration in close<br />
consultation with local people.<br />
4.2.22 The conservation approach to Blaenavon has largely been one of “museum<br />
process” which aims to retain the landscape in its current form as much as<br />
possible. This approach is regarded as the purest form of conservation and<br />
involves preservation and repair of sites like the Blaenavon Ironworks for<br />
interpretation, education and display. This approach is partly a function of the<br />
historic importance of the area and the number of sites and monuments which<br />
have statutory protection.<br />
4.2.23 In total the Blaenavon WHS retains 17 Scheduled Ancient Monuments and 82<br />
Listed Buildings. The main sites include:<br />
• Blaenavon, iron tramroad bridge ['Aaron Brute's Bridge’];<br />
• Blaenavon Iron Works;<br />
• Blorenge Tunnel, Hill's Tramroad;<br />
• Big Pit Colliery;<br />
• Cwmbran Tunnel, M&B Canal;<br />
• Dyne Steel Incline Plane, BWHS;<br />
• Brake Engine on Hill's Pits tramroad incline;<br />
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• Cairns on the Blorenge;<br />
• Capel Newydd, Blaenavon;<br />
• (site of ) Ecclesiastical and Wells;<br />
• Cairn-y-Defaid Round Cairns;<br />
• Engine Pit, Blaenavon;<br />
• Garn-Ddyrys Ironworks and adjacent tramway;<br />
• Hill's Tramroad Inclines, Llanfoist;<br />
• Iron and Coal Patching, Pen-Ffordd-goch, Blaenavon;<br />
• Limekilns and Quarries at Craig-y-Hafod;<br />
• Lower Rank;<br />
• Pwll-du Tramroad, Tunnel, Southern approach;<br />
• Tramroad bridge, Bailey's Tramroad, Govilon;<br />
• Pwll-du Limestone Quarry and Water Balance Lift;<br />
• Blaenavon Workmen’s Hall;<br />
• Cwmavon Forge Row<br />
• St. Peter’s Church; and<br />
• St Peters School.<br />
4.2.24 The renovated St Peters School, of circa 1815, building will be used for the<br />
interpretation of industrial heritage and the building will become the focal point<br />
for the World <strong>Heritage</strong> site. The centre will utilise technology to explain the<br />
background of the area and will also have links to the other significant world<br />
heritage sites around the World.<br />
4.2.25 Blaenavon World <strong>Heritage</strong> Site is considered one of the finest surviving<br />
examples in the world of late 18th and early 19 th century landscape created by<br />
coalmining and ironmaking. The decline of this industry left a significant void in<br />
the economic activity of the area.<br />
4.2.26 The industrial landscape which grew up around the ironworks consisted of iron<br />
ore patches, coal mines, limestone quarries, iron forges, brickworks,<br />
tramroads, leats and reservoirs, chapels and workers’ houses. The main focus<br />
of the landscape is the Blaenavon Ironworks which is a Scheduled Ancient<br />
Monument in the care of Cadw.<br />
4.2.27 Blaenavon Ironworks is one of the most complete ironworks of its type and<br />
period in the world, with remains of five blast furnaces of various evolutionary<br />
forms from the 1780s to the 1860s. The site also includes a hot blast stove,<br />
cast houses, ore calcining kilns, coke ovens, a water-balance lift of 1839, a<br />
square of workers’ housing, a drift mine, a foundry, rail yards, and remains of<br />
chimneys, mould drying kilns, a blowing engine house and other ancillary<br />
structures. Iron ore was smelted at the ironworks to produce pig iron until<br />
1902.<br />
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4.2.28 At the time of its construction it was one of the largest ironworks in the world<br />
and is the best preserved blast furnace complex of its period and type in the<br />
world. The ironworks site has been conserved to emphasise its authenticity as<br />
a consolidated ruin, preserving its surviving features. Therefore, no<br />
reconstruction has taken place except where necessary for structural purposes<br />
and wherever possible, all conservation measures are devised to be<br />
reversible.<br />
4.2.29 One of the most impressive monuments at Blaenavon Ironworks is the water<br />
balance tower which was built in 1839. This form of lift technology using water<br />
to counter-balance loads was used in the mine shafts of south east Wales and<br />
at several ironworks. This site is one of the best preserved surviving examples.<br />
4.2.30 Adjacent to the Ironworks stands Stack Square and Engine Row, a small group<br />
of solidly constructed stone cottages, incorporating patterns of building, notably<br />
door and window heads, characteristic of the West Midlands in England<br />
alongside more local building practices. The houses were probably erected in<br />
1788 for the first skilled workers who operated the furnaces from the time they<br />
were built. The houses form a square with the central range originally forming<br />
the Company office, shop and manager's house, until it was converted to<br />
dwellings in the 1860s. The whole square is a Scheduled Ancient Monument<br />
which has been carefully conserved.<br />
4.2.31 There are a number of community buildings within Blaenavon, such as the<br />
church of St Peter, built in the Gothic style in 1804 by the ironmasters Thomas<br />
Hill and Samuel Hopkins, and the Blaenavon's Workmen's Hall and Institute.<br />
The latter is the most imposing building in the town and was designed by E. A.<br />
Lansdowne of Newport and opened in 1895.<br />
4.2.32 At nearby Cwmavon, there was a forge linked with Blaenavon Ironworks which<br />
carried out the puddling process, operated from about 1804; there are no<br />
surviving remains above ground. A terrace of twelve dwellings which was built<br />
for the forge workers in 1804, was repaired by the British Historic Buildings<br />
Trust in 1987-88; it has been described as the finest surviving terrace of early<br />
workers'housing in the South Wales Valleys. The more substantial, Cwmavon<br />
House, was built for the ironmaster in the 1820s.<br />
Tourism<br />
4.2.33 In addition to the Blaenvaon landscape there are a number of other industrial<br />
era attractions within the vicinity including:<br />
• Five locks, Cwmbran, M&B Canal;<br />
• Glyn Pitts, Pontypool;<br />
• Griffithstown Railway Museum;<br />
• <strong>Heritage</strong> and Cordell Museum;<br />
• Hill's Pits chimney, BWHS;<br />
• Lower Navigation Colliery Engine House;<br />
• Pontymoile Basin, Pontypool - Toll House & aqueduct, M&B Canal;<br />
• Pontypool heritage townscape;<br />
• Pontypool and Blaenavon Railway; and<br />
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• Pontypool Museum<br />
4.2.34 Initiatives to encourage tourism to the Blaenavon WHS have had some level of<br />
success and take two main forms:<br />
• encouraging cultural tourism; and<br />
• encouraging outdoor pursuits.<br />
4.2.35 Cultural Tourism is augmented by Blaenavon Partnership’s initiative to sponsor<br />
the town’s specialism as a second-hand book shop following the success of<br />
other towns like Hay-on-Wye. The idea is to provide a draw to the town which<br />
is not dependent wholly on the seasons, and which could draw on the town as<br />
an historic backdrop without requiring the major re-development of individual<br />
buildings. This function would also reinforce the educational potential of the<br />
site and provide a draw for small business to the town without destroying the<br />
historic character of the area. In other words, if successful, this venture would<br />
provide a very effective means of sustainable economic regeneration. The<br />
initiative has so far been in action for only two years, and although not without<br />
teething troubles, a sustained impetus over a number of years will be needed<br />
to judge the effectiveness of this project.<br />
4.2.36 Big Pit ('Pwll Mawr'), which incorporated the Coity Colliery and Kearsley's Pit<br />
opened in 1880, has been converted into a working museum which is a central<br />
visitor magnet for the area. This is one of Wales’ most successful industrial<br />
tourist attractions, receiving over 140,000 visitors per year. The Big Pit<br />
museum has also benefited from a grant for applied to the coalfields areas by<br />
the <strong>Heritage</strong> Lottery Fund.<br />
4.2.37 Other developments in the areas include the railway line currently operated<br />
from near Big Pit to Whistle Halt, Garn-yr-erw by the Pontypool and Blaenavon<br />
Railway Society. This has been proposed for extension southward to the old<br />
Blaenavon station and possibly to the highest station in England and Wales at<br />
Waun Afon. Other impressive industrial structures like Pwll-du tunnel have<br />
been proposed for restoration and opening to allow access to visitors.<br />
4.2.38 Blaenavon has some similarities to another large-scale industrial landscape,<br />
the Rhur in Germany. Work there suggests that tourists do visit these sites<br />
although there are also many locals who use the area as a recreational facility.<br />
However, even such local “tourism” can provide one objective of sustainable<br />
regeneration by providing a better quality of life by increasing health and<br />
education.<br />
4.2.39 Within the Rhur, in order to get outsiders to visit the new green Ruhrgebiet, an<br />
umbrella tourist organisation, the Ruhrgebiet Tourismus GmbH , was set up in<br />
the late 1990s to coordinate all the tourist offices in the individual towns and<br />
cities. The organisation has gradually developed its role beyond industrial<br />
heritage and now promotes other attractions. In addition most museums<br />
provide information in English, as well as German, and there is detailed<br />
information on all the sites in the Industrial <strong>Heritage</strong> Trail. There are also<br />
DVDs in German and English on the trail and guides to the Ruhr available in<br />
English and Dutch.<br />
4.2.40 The Rhur has also been very adept at looking at the whole concept of<br />
industrial tourism by planning and integrating these attractions as a whole, not<br />
simply as a range of piecemeal attractions. This means that existing<br />
attractions need to signposted and to be linked into existing roads, cycle paths,<br />
river and other routes wherever possible. Alternatively, in a relatively isolated<br />
area like Blaenavon, it may be necessary to extend accepted tourist routes into<br />
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these areas. In this respect, industrial features like old unused tramroads,<br />
railway lines and canal tow paths, can be used to provide the basis for cycle or<br />
foot paths.<br />
4.2.41 In a similar approach at Blaenavon, the renovated St. Peter’s school building,<br />
which will form the interpretation centre for the industrial heritage of the area,<br />
will be linked by modern technology to other significant World <strong>Heritage</strong> sites<br />
around the World. As well as offering an educational experience, the centre<br />
could also, therefore, be used to provide links to, and promote, other tourist<br />
attractions in Wales which may interest visitors; this would form part of the<br />
integrated approach taken in the Rhur.<br />
4.2.42 Because of the location of Blaenavon close to the Brecon Beacons National<br />
Park, the site has enormous potential benefit of being able to draw on the<br />
Parks’ visitors. The mountainous open spaces of the historic landscape have<br />
a potential appeal for a range of activities such as walking, mountain biking,<br />
pony trekking, climbing, hang gliding, ballooning. By encouraging outdoor<br />
pursuits within the WHS this could provide another form of sustainable tourism<br />
which requires little alteration of the landscape, but exploits its rugged<br />
character. Encouraging annual competitions which make use of the benefits of<br />
the landscape in a non-destructive and sustainable manner through may be<br />
one way of raising awareness of the area and attract visitors who would not<br />
otherwise visit the area or be unaware of the landscape as a resource.<br />
4.2.43 The area could also be linked-up with further attractions to visitors such as<br />
canal boat holidaymakers, on the nearby Brecknock and Abergavenny Canal,<br />
the cyclists on the Taff trial, visitors to the narrow gauge Brecon Mountain<br />
Railway and walkers in the Clydach Gorge and around the Blorenge. By<br />
further opening up new pathways and encouraging links to existing tourist<br />
routes, such as the Taff Trail cycle path, this could be further exploited. Rights<br />
of way officers have a significant part to play in this respect.<br />
Conclusions<br />
4.2.44 Blaenavon Partnership has succeeded in stemming half a century of decline<br />
and the value of the economic regeneration can be seen in a number of<br />
indicators such as jobs created, jobs safe guarded, increases in property<br />
values, properties saved from dereliction and visitor numbers. However, the<br />
other benefits, like protection of the cultural heritage and improvement in the<br />
quality of life, may be less tangible and less easy to measure as indicators, but<br />
are equally important such as community pride.<br />
4.2.45 The British Ironworks site has been redundant and under-used for many<br />
decades and as a result has become a focus for fly-tipping and other antisocial<br />
behaviour. However, local interest in, and knowledge of, the site<br />
remains strong, especially in relation to its use as a former coal mine. In terms<br />
of improving the local environment and attracting economic benefits to a<br />
disadvantaged area, the site must be seen as having great regeneration<br />
potential especially for new development. However, the potential re-use of the<br />
site must be seen in terms of the current environmental constraints such as the<br />
cultural heritage, ecological factors, landscape elements and possible<br />
contaminants although these are likely to be less extensive than at Blaenavon.<br />
Further studies would, therefore, be necessary in order to examine the costs<br />
and benefits of the site regeneration.<br />
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4.3 Medway<br />
Introduction<br />
4.3.1 Medway Council, is located in Kent in southeast England. The impetus for<br />
regeneration in Medway was the closure of the Royal Navy’s dockyards and<br />
associated sites in 1984. This caused large areas of Brownfield land along the<br />
River the Medway to become vacant, many containing large numbers of<br />
historic sites and monuments. A further spur to this process was the<br />
designation of Medway as a growth area within the Thames Gateway which<br />
resulted in the creation of the Medway City Estate as an enterprise zone. To<br />
set out their ideas for the regeneration of the area, Medway Council together<br />
with the Medway Renaissance Partnership published set out their aspirations<br />
in Medway’s Waterfront Renaissance Strategy (Medway 2004).<br />
4.3.2 As part of Medway’s Waterfront Renaissance scheme there has been a<br />
systematic programme of public and private investment which has helped to<br />
rebuild the local economy. Medway Council has begun with the economic,<br />
physical and social regeneration of Brownfield sites such as Chatham Historic<br />
Dockyard through a heritage-led approach, which draws on the “museum<br />
process” similar to Torfaen, but also emphases a greater degree of mixed use<br />
in the form of business and residential development.<br />
4.3.3 The regeneration of Chatham Dockyard was assisted by a £12.3m grant from<br />
<strong>Heritage</strong> Lottery Fund which has paid dividends in terms of businesses,<br />
employment and tourism as well as the wider regeneration implications for the<br />
Thames Gateway area. Research by the Southern Tourist Board concludes<br />
that the Historic Dockyard is worth £20 million for the local economy.<br />
4.3.4 This Brownfield site contains a significant number of historic buildings,<br />
maritime industrial features and archaeological sites which have been<br />
highlighted as the centre of the strategy for regeneration of the site.<br />
Chatham Historic Dockyard<br />
4.3.5 The Historic Dockyard is a 32 hectare site with over 100 surviving historic<br />
buildings and maritime structures. The majority of the historic features were<br />
constructed between 1704 and 1855 and were built to maintain the sailpowered,<br />
timber hulled warships of the Royal Navy. A total 47 of these<br />
buildings and sites are protected as Scheduled as Ancient Monuments with 53<br />
being also listed as Historic Buildings, consisting of eleven Grade I Listed and<br />
33 Grade II* Listed Buildings.<br />
4.3.6 During the mid-17th century the Chatham Historic Dockyard was the Royal<br />
Navy’s main shipbuilding and repair yard and retains a unique range of historic<br />
naval structures including storehouses, dry docks, rope walks and covered<br />
slipways. The Historic Dockyard is the most complete surviving example of a<br />
former Royal Dockyard in Britain and together with Fort Amherst and the Lines<br />
site has been proposed for World <strong>Heritage</strong> Site status.<br />
4.3.7 As part of the process of managing and conserving the site an independent<br />
Chatham Dockyard Historic Charitable Trust was set up. A programme of<br />
repair and refurbishment of various buildings was carried out which has<br />
created a mixed-use site which is a successful tourist destination with small<br />
businesses and shopping outlets. The proposed uses for the site consisted of<br />
leisure and tourism, small business development and display of Medway’s<br />
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maritime history. The site now contains more than 100 small businesses and<br />
organisations and over 400 residents.<br />
4.3.8 The abandonment of Chatham Dockyard by the Royal Navy in 1984 left many<br />
important historic maritime structures without a function. New and innovative<br />
economic functions were, therefore, required in order to maintain the dockyard.<br />
This required the establishment of an overall conservation and design strategy<br />
for the site as a whole and for the re-use of existing features.<br />
4.3.9 Some of the re-uses of the existing buildings and structures include:<br />
• The Clock Tower Building: dating from 1723, it is a Scheduled Ancient<br />
Monument and Grade II* Listed Building and is oldest naval storehouse to<br />
survive in any of the Royal Dockyards. It was built as a store for materials<br />
and equipment needed by ships under construction and repair with a Mould<br />
Loft and the six ground floor bays at the north end of the structure were left<br />
open and used as saw pits. The Clock Tower building has been restored<br />
and used as the Bridgewarden’s College of the University of Kent;<br />
• The Mast Houses and Mould Loft: dating from 1753-58, it is a Scheduled<br />
Ancient Monument & Grade I Listed Building. It contains a range of seven<br />
timber framed mast houses, built largely from reused warship timbers.<br />
Today the building houses the Wooden Walls gallery;<br />
• Nos. 4, 5 & 6 Covered Slips: dating from 1847-48, they are Scheduled<br />
Ancient Monuments & Grade I Listed Buildings. The structures are a range<br />
of three identical early cast iron slip covers with corrugated iron roof<br />
sheeting. The slips now house the Royal National Lifeboat Institute’s<br />
(RNLI) collection of Historic Lifeboats;<br />
• Wheelwrights Shop: dating from c. 1786, it is a Scheduled Ancient<br />
Monument & Grade II* Listed Building. It was built as a three bay Mast<br />
House. Beneath the floor lay the Mary Rose warship. The Wheelwrights<br />
Shop now houses the Historic Dockyard’s restaurant;<br />
• House Carpenters Shop: dating from 1740, it is a Scheduled Ancient<br />
Monument & Grade II Listed Building. It was built for the carpenters who<br />
looked after the dockyard’s own buildings. The building now forms part of a<br />
series of craft workshops;<br />
• The Ropery: dating from 1786-91, it is a Scheduled Ancient Monument &<br />
Grade I Listed Building. The buildings of the Ropery form one of the finest<br />
integrated groups of 18th Century manufacturing buildings in Britain.<br />
Machinery dating from 1811 remains in regular use and on display to<br />
visitors;<br />
• Anchor Wharf Storehouses: dating from 1778-1805, it is a Scheduled<br />
Ancient Monument & Grade I Listed Building. It consisted of two great<br />
storehouses on Anchor Wharf. At nearly 700 feet long (210 metres) it is<br />
the largest storehouse built for the Royal Navy in Britain. Together with<br />
surviving examples in Portsmouth they are some of the most significant<br />
examples of early industrial warehousing in Europe. The Fitted Rigging<br />
House and Storehouse No. 2 now houses the Museum of The Royal<br />
Dockyard;<br />
• No. 3 Dry Dock: dating from 1820, it is a Scheduled Ancient Monument and<br />
Grade II* Listed Building. It houses HM Submarine Ocelot, the last warship<br />
built for the Royal Navy. Many of the other Victorian Covered Slipways and<br />
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Dry Docks are still partly used for storage and maintenance and the display<br />
of boats; and<br />
• Officers Terrace and South Stables: these have been restored and<br />
converted to residential accommodation.<br />
• The adjacent site of the Chatham Historic Dockyard is Chatham Maritime,<br />
a former Royal Naval Base situated on the elbow of the bend in the River<br />
Medway marking the transition from the main river to its estuary. The site<br />
has been developed as a residential, higher education and commercial<br />
quarter and was, from 1986-1996, designated an Enterprise Zone.<br />
• Significant investment over the last ten years has enabled the creation of a<br />
new, high quality environment with the former Pembroke Barracks<br />
buildings now occupied by the University of Greenwich. This now has a<br />
student population of 6,000 from Kent University and 850 new houses on<br />
St Mary’s Island.<br />
• Chatham Port, which includes three historic buildings and the North Mast<br />
Pond, continues its well-established operation as a port handling timber<br />
and paper-related products and offering ship-repairing facilities into the<br />
foreseeable future. There are also proposals to extend this existing<br />
industrial operation.<br />
Tourism<br />
4.3.10 Further historic sites around the Chatham Historic Dockyard area enable the<br />
tourist attraction to be extended into the surrounding area. These include<br />
Brompton, Fort Amherst and the Lines, which have a series of defensive<br />
ditches and ramparts dating from 1756. The defences around Fort Amherst<br />
provide an open field which has remained in use as sports grounds and public<br />
parks, and forms an important green space and buffer between Gillingham and<br />
the rest of the Medway Towns.<br />
4.3.11 A further initiative in Medway has involved encouraging tourism by promoting<br />
the historic dockyard as part of a cross-border Maritime <strong>Heritage</strong> Trail in<br />
partnership with the Nord-Pas de Calais region of France. Similar crossborder<br />
trails and links can be an effective way of widening the tourist base and<br />
making existing budgets go further.<br />
4.3.12 Chatham has literary connections with Charles Dickens who lived and wrote<br />
several of his famous novels nearby. An annual summer and winter Dickens<br />
Festival attract thousands of visitors to the Docks.<br />
4.3.13 In addition, since the historic dockyard is adjacent to the River Medway, it has<br />
obvious potential for a range of tourism and leisure uses based on the<br />
possibility of improving public access to the river. A number of historic ships,<br />
for instance the paddle steamer the Waverley, currently make regular<br />
excursions from a number of sites around the coast of Britain and are usually<br />
fully subscribed; in the east of England these include the sites of Margate and<br />
Dover. Events which have proved tourist attractions, from other historic<br />
harbours/docks, include promoting day and weekend cruises on historic ships;<br />
this is currently being investigated by Nantes.<br />
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4.4 Nantes<br />
Île de Nantes Project<br />
4.4.1 Nantes, which forms part of the region of Pays de la Loire and the Loire-<br />
Atlantique department, one of the most industrialised in France. The dominant<br />
industries in the area included shipbuilding, metalworking, food industries, the<br />
production of chemicals and sugar and tobacco importing.<br />
4.4.2 The Île de Nantes project consists of the regeneration of 350 hectares of<br />
Brownfield land on an island within the Loire. The Nantes Island, which<br />
currently accommodates approximately 13,000 inhabitants and employment for<br />
9,000 people, encompasses many hectares of land and public spaces which<br />
are often inadequately used or derelict.<br />
4.4.3 The Communauté Urbaine de Nantes together with the support of SAMOA<br />
(Société d’Aménagement de la Métropole Ouest Atlantique), is promoting the<br />
Île de Nantes project. The scheme commenced in 2001 with a partnership of<br />
the State, the Area and the Department, the Port Authority and SNCF. The<br />
first work started in October 2002.<br />
4.4.4 The project aims to bring the area into the metropolitan district through<br />
improving the quality of life, economic development, trade, collective transport,<br />
social and cultural development and leisure pursuits. The project master-plan<br />
includes integrated policies on culture, tourism, the industrial heritage as well<br />
as the proposed architectural design standards. The design and materials of<br />
all new housing developments along the banks of the Loire are being<br />
controlled so that they harmonise with the historic setting.<br />
4.4.5 The backbone of the plan is an axis of East-West public spaces which will be<br />
arranged to connect the various districts of the island. In addition the relocation<br />
of the present railway transport system on the island is an important element in<br />
long term project. This will allow the regeneration of 30 hectares of land under<br />
the control of RFF/SNCF after having moved associated activities. To link the<br />
area to the town centre a pedestrian footbridge is under construction to the<br />
island, over the Loire.<br />
4.4.6 The regeneration project is an example of Cultural Planning which has rejected<br />
traditional planning zones in favour of retaining the area’s diverse character.<br />
The goal of the regeneration is to gradually establish a mixed-use development<br />
for the area by transforming the many derelict industrial buildings and spaces<br />
at the same time conserving and repairing historic industrial buildings for reuse<br />
wherever possible; demolition is seen as a last resort. The industrial<br />
features of the island are considered important and have been integrated into<br />
the project to retain the diversity of the urban landscape.<br />
4.4.7 Since the second half of the 19 th century, the island of Nantes has played an<br />
essential role in the local economy by allowing the expansion of industries<br />
which could not a location on the northern bank of the Loire.<br />
4.4.8 The diverse area consists principally of:<br />
• the old suburb around a historical axis of the North-South crossing of the<br />
Loire;<br />
• an industrial-harbour zone in the Western part (Prairie au Duc and Sainte-<br />
Anne Island) with many derelict industrial areas which with date from the<br />
mid-19 th century; and<br />
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• a mixed area of residential and tertiary industries dating from the Seventies<br />
in the east (Beaulieu);<br />
4.4.9 In particular the industrial-harbour area of Prairie au Duc in the northwest of<br />
the island retains some industrial activities from 19th and 20th centuries and is<br />
rich in industrial heritage. The decline of the area since the 1980s has opened<br />
up the potential for its urban re-development.<br />
4.4.10 The main arteries of the island are the Boulevard Prairie au Duc, which was<br />
created in 1883 as a main east-west road, with the rue Alain-Barbe Torte and<br />
rue Arthur III, forming the north-south routes. A third north-south road in the<br />
east linked the shipyards and railway station.<br />
Industrial Features<br />
4.4.11 La Gare de l’Etat (State Railway Station) on the Boulevard de la Prairie au Duc<br />
was a 19th century regional railway station which was converted in the first<br />
stages of the project. The building became redundant in 1994 and was<br />
completely refurbished and extended by the addition of two new wings,<br />
providing 9,000 m 2 of floorspace. The building has now become the<br />
headquarters of the Shipbuilding Trade Union and has attracted further<br />
occupants to the area, including boat-building and boat repair businesses.<br />
4.4.12 Les Manufacture des Tabacs on the Boulevard de Stalingrad, was constructed<br />
in 1857 and closed in 1974. The building was refurbished by Nantes in 1983<br />
and re-modelled to respect the building’s historic function and structure. The<br />
factory has become as focal point for municipal functions with a crèche, a<br />
health and social security centre, a nursery, library, gym and restaurant, the<br />
housing association and youth hostels.<br />
4.4.13 Enterprise Guillouard, 15 Boulevard des Martyrs Nantais des la Resistance<br />
was a building was constructed in 1910 for the manufacture of household<br />
goods. It originally covered 35,000m 2 and continues in use today, covering<br />
approximately 10,000m 2 .<br />
4.4.14 In the Prairie au Duc district, where companies such as Axima and Alstom are<br />
already present, a mixed development is proposed with offices along the front<br />
of the boulevard. The Alstom site, which forms part of the Atlantic Shipyards,<br />
contains a number of apparently dilapidated industrial buildings which were<br />
found to be in good order and already occupied by businesses.<br />
4.4.15 The regeneration of the site will retain the industrial features of the site with<br />
additional space created in the converted workshops for television companies<br />
and an architectural school. In addition, new construction will include<br />
waterfront apartments and a biotechnology park. The site will accommodate<br />
approximately 35,000 m 2 of floorspace.<br />
4.4.16 Les Foundaries de l’ Atlantique site (Atlantic Foundries) dates back to 1907-8.<br />
The foundry specialised in the fabrication of valves and fittings. In 1918 it<br />
became known as the Nantes Foundries and specialised in the production of<br />
propellers until the 1980s. The site consists of:<br />
• a large workshop of 1921, in a poor condition with little possibility of<br />
restoration;<br />
• a workshop of 1937; and<br />
• a workshop dating from 1952.<br />
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4.4.17 The site includes three former furnaces dating from 1930s and 60s and a<br />
number of steel gantries. Today, along with Guillouard building, the foundries<br />
and the reverbatory furnaces retain some of the few traces of industrial activity<br />
in this part of the island.<br />
4.4.18 Initially, the foundry had been proposed for demolition. However, the national<br />
heritage bureau, DRAC, recommended conserving and retaining the three<br />
furnaces and workshops. Proposals for the re-use of the structures have<br />
included converting it to a sheltered garden.<br />
4.4.19 The shipyards of the island with their rich industrial heritage will become public<br />
spaces along the Loire with tourist attractions, leisure uses and cultural<br />
functions. The aim is to regenerate and revitalise the historic shipyard area by<br />
developing new dwellings, offices and businesses with enhanced public<br />
spaces. The main elements of the industrial heritage will be conserved within<br />
the development of a new district with a capacity of 36,000 m 2 .<br />
4.4.20 The former Nantes shipyards covered three principal sites:<br />
• Les Ateliers et Chantiers de la Loire (ACL) (workshops and shipyards of<br />
the Loire) dating from 1881;<br />
• Les Chantiers Dubigeon (Dubigeon shipyard), dating from the 18 th century<br />
but primarily from 1914; and<br />
• Les Ateliers et Chantiers de Bretagne (ACB) (workshops and shipyards of<br />
Brittany) dating from 1895.<br />
4.4.21 The last ship was launched from the Nantes shipyards in 1986 and the<br />
workshops are now closed or converted to other uses. At the historic<br />
Dubigeon shipyard the three large industrial workshops and the Titan Crane,<br />
which dates from 1956, have been retained as a central part of the site.<br />
4.4.22 These spaces will be used for a range of temporary and permanent public<br />
cultural events with aim of increasing the number of visitors. Part of the<br />
Dubigeon site is used by the University of Nantes.<br />
4.4.23 The historic slipways were the main elements of the site used for boat building<br />
and consisted of:<br />
• Slipway No. 1 for submarines;<br />
• Slipway No. 2 for part of ACL 1914 to 1918 boats; and<br />
• Slipway No. 3 which will be restored and re-used.<br />
4.4.24 The area around the submarine slipways has been designated for shipbuilding<br />
and repair, in order to maintain the character and function of the site with<br />
submarine slipways used for public events.<br />
4.4.25 The surviving docks are used for the construction and restoration of small<br />
boats in order to retain the original use of the harbour. In addition, a further<br />
two further wet docks have been proposed, one on the east of the island and<br />
the other, directed towards the Atlantic, on the west.<br />
4.4.26 Other industrial features, like the quaysides, will be renewed and breakwaters<br />
around the area will be lowered to improve vistas. A series of pontoons with<br />
moorings will be established to revitalise the port function and use of the river.<br />
4.4.27 Work started in 2002 on the François-Mitterrand quay by providing a space for<br />
approximately 13,000 m 2 residential buildings with the establishment of the<br />
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new school of architecture on 11,000 m 2 of floorspace. In the east of the<br />
island the François-Blancho quay has been refurbished as a public space.<br />
Tourism<br />
4.4.28 The Nantes Island project has a strong social-educational element, with the<br />
aim of producing a strong cultural asset which will attract tourism to the area.<br />
At President Wilson’s quay, on the southern bank of the island, there is pilot<br />
study to create a centre for popular music in an old ice factory; this would allow<br />
public gathering for music and related dance events.<br />
4.4.29 The impressive "Machines of the Island of Nantes" installation aims to be an<br />
artistic attraction to the island in its own right. The aim is to construction the<br />
installation, which will consist of moving works of art, by 2006.<br />
4.4.30 The use of the island’s shipyards to increase public spaces along the Loire<br />
emphasises the promotion of tourism. In particular this initiative includes:<br />
• the creation of a network of cultural and tourist attractions; and<br />
• the development of the tourist and leisure uses of the Loire by 2007. This<br />
will include water sport, walks along the estuary, restaurants on boats or<br />
along the quayside.<br />
4.4.31 At the Wilson Quay there are proposals for the docking of steamers to<br />
accommodate tourists along the Loire on gastronomic and cultural tours of the<br />
Nantes region.<br />
4.4.32 Nantes stresses its links as the birth-place of Jules Verne, and in 2005, Nantes<br />
is celebrating the centenary of the author’s death throughout the year. The<br />
popularity of the author across the world could make this a regular attraction.<br />
The literary connections of Chatham Historic Dockyard with Charles Dickens,<br />
has led to a popular annual summer and winter Dickens Festival which attracts<br />
thousands of visitors to the area.<br />
4.5 Stuttgart<br />
Stuttgart 21<br />
4.5.1 The central features Stuttgart’s local plan, in Baden-Württemberg, entitled<br />
“Stuttgart 21”, is focused on the unique opportunity for the re-development of<br />
redundant railway land, abandoned military bases and other industrial areas in<br />
the Stuttgart region.<br />
4.5.2 The architectural tradition in Stuttgart contributes much to character of the city.<br />
Stuttgart has many outstanding architectural achievements. In Stuttgart the<br />
office for national monument has approx. 5,000 protected cultural sites. These<br />
include the main railway station, the Weissenhof settlement, the TV tower, the<br />
new state gallery and the international horticulture exhibition buildings.<br />
Several new projects like the Mercedes museum, the library 21 and the art<br />
museum to continue these architectural traditions.<br />
4.5.3 The railway lines in Stuttgart had effectively become a hindrance to further<br />
urban development in the city and formed a geographic cul de sac. The<br />
historic central station, built by Paul Bonatz, is a registered Monument, which<br />
restricts any further expansion of the narrow city centre. Moreover, Stuttgart<br />
station is a terminus, which makes it difficult to link the City to the high-speed<br />
rail network that is being developed throughout Europe.<br />
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4.5.4 The Stuttgart 21 project is based on Deutsche Bahn’s (Germany’s Railway)<br />
plans to remodel the train infrastructure in Stuttgart, leaving the city’s central<br />
railway station and approximately 109 hectares of railway land redundant. The<br />
railway line will now become part of a high speed route between Paris,<br />
Strasbourg, Stuttgart, Munich and Budapest. Stuttgart station will be<br />
converted from a terminus to a through-station opening-up the links to other<br />
regions. As a result of this upgrade, new the railway lines and new station<br />
building are being transferred in to tunnels below the old terminus, releasing<br />
the existing station building and the surrounding area for re-development.<br />
4.5.5 Then main station building was built between 1914 and 1928 in Arnulf-Klett-<br />
Platz under the architectural control of Professor Paul Bonatz with Friedrich E.<br />
Scholer. The building was constructed using the relatively new materials of<br />
concrete and steel and was decorated with coarse chalk tiles.<br />
4.5.6 In 1910 Paul Bonatz won the competition to design the railway terminus, which<br />
he built as a grand, austere stone structure which links nineteenth-century<br />
eclecticism and the Spartan approach of Modernity and Albert Speer's<br />
monumental Classicism.<br />
4.5.7 The historic Stuttgart railway station building will be retained and refurbished<br />
and become the focal point of the new inner city mixed development area<br />
which aims to attract services industries, business, culture and a high quality of<br />
living provided by linking the green areas through a series of green corridors.<br />
4.5.8 An international competition to re-develop the site was held in 1997 and<br />
construction started 2000 with the new station not expected to be finished until<br />
2013, allowing further changes in the development proposals. In particular,<br />
relationships between the Bonatz building, the new piazza over the station, the<br />
park and the proposed first buildings of Stuttgart 21 are being studied in an<br />
attempt to improve the centre of the city.<br />
4.5.9 The architects Ingenhoven Overdiek and Partner, who won the competition,<br />
proposed a new underground station below the railway station with a design<br />
that creates a building 12m below ground level. The design proposes to<br />
stretch the Castle Gardens Park, which is adjacent to the existing station, over<br />
the top of the new underground tracks and platforms. The new station will<br />
form a continuous station hall illuminated by natural light that will fall into the<br />
space through large circular ‘light eyes’. These 'light eyes'will make the<br />
subterranean station visible to passers-by above ground, linking historic<br />
building and the new station to the old and new sections of the City.<br />
4.5.10 The plan will create a station square and from here the Cannstatter<br />
Promenade, an extension to the Königstrasse, will provide access to the new<br />
quarter. Around the new square it is proposed to construct new office<br />
buildings, hotels or a museum dedicated to the theme of travel in order to<br />
‘pump-prime’ the development of the urban quarter with attractive public<br />
buildings.<br />
4.5.11 The redundant Bonatz station will become a public meeting place with<br />
restaurants and shops, and the floor of its concourse opened-up to make<br />
connection with the new platforms via bridges. Access to the bridges will also<br />
be provided via large curved glass atria.<br />
4.5.12 The main station is a protected historic building under the Inventory of<br />
Monuments in Stuttgart north in 1987 (Landeshauptstadt Stuttgart Stadtbezirk<br />
Stuttgart-Nord, 2001) and will be retained as a building of character.<br />
4.5.13 For the rebuilding of the main station, the following aims are set out as:<br />
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• optimal access to the station for local and long distance traffic;<br />
• the possibility of a link between the existing and new planned pedestrian<br />
zone in the city centre, as well as a link with the new train station and the<br />
station ”Staatsgalerie";<br />
• efficient access and parking facilities for buses, taxies and private traffic;<br />
and<br />
• relief of the Schillerstrabetae by diverting the passing traffic and shifting the<br />
traffic to the Wolframstrabetae.<br />
4.5.14 The redundant railway land around the central station consists of three main<br />
areas for development. Area A is an area of 28 hectares, which is a central<br />
point, very close to the city and train station area, which will be useful for<br />
centralised functions such as individual trade, culture and specialised uses for<br />
the region. The immediate boundary next to the Schlobetagarten will be<br />
developed for new apartment buildings.<br />
4.5.15 Area B is a 43 hectare area distinguished by being near the “Schlobetagarten",<br />
as well as the “Rosensteinpark". This area offers high quality apartments and<br />
is close to the planned tube station at the Mitternachtstrabetae with access to<br />
local jobs. The proposals for the 5 hectares of property of the “Post AG" will be<br />
decided during the planning phase.<br />
4.5.16 Area C is a relatively independent region of roughly 29 hectares, surrounded<br />
by existing green areas, around the former north station, which encompasses<br />
the existing residential area of “Nordbahnhof", as well as the office<br />
developments at the “Löwenturmzentrum". Due to the enclosed location, there<br />
will be improvements to the connection of the street and linking areas during<br />
the planning phase.<br />
Bad Cannstatt<br />
4.5.17 The project area is situated between Bad Cannstatt railway station and the<br />
river Neckar, extends over some 35 hectares and offers potential opportunities<br />
for urban development due to its excellent location.<br />
4.5.18 The site covers the former Freight Depot of Bad Cannstatt, which was built 100<br />
years ago. The depot developed through the extension of the railway network<br />
and the led to the construction of many housing estates for railway employees.<br />
At the end of the 1980s, however, the German railway company gave up the<br />
use of the freight depot and rented the properties to several firms.<br />
4.5.19 A total of 27 sites covering about 16 hectares are suspected to be<br />
contaminated. In some cases, such as the site of the former gasworks, the<br />
pollution levels are quite high.<br />
4.5.20 In 2001 the state capital of Stuttgart bought the old railway freight terminal land<br />
mainly for a planned sports village as part of a Stuttgart’s Olympic bid. The<br />
site is now the largest continuous Brownfield site in Stuttgart.<br />
4.5.21 The project area has a number of existing, but isolated, building uses which<br />
are currently being reorganised or are underdeveloped. This area is now let to<br />
approximately 20 main tenants and with around 57 different trades acting as<br />
sub tenants on the goods yard site. The area is currently used by many<br />
companies many of which are distribution businesses and who cause<br />
extensive traffic problems across the whole area. However, initially nothing will<br />
change to affect these businesses.<br />
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4.5.22 The main aims of the municipality are to transform the Brownfield site of the<br />
former railway freight terminal into an attractive inner urban area and realise its<br />
development potential. Through the new mixed-use proposals for this<br />
Brownfield site, it is an objective to improve the inner urban quality of life,<br />
especially in the residential areas close to this inner city site. It also aims to<br />
stimulate additional investment in the inner urban context.<br />
4.5.23 The first step was for the Committee for Environment and Technology to<br />
produce a draft framework concept for the goods station encompassing a<br />
mixture of services sector businesses, the existing companies, sport and<br />
community functions with residential buildings.<br />
4.5.24 In 2005 a competition will be carried out for the individual buildings with the<br />
aim of developing the site by 2007.<br />
4.5.25 Other Brownfield regeneration projects in Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen include<br />
Kreidler Werk II, which is a former leather company, copper processing and<br />
vehicle production site; the Grenadierkaserne, which is a former military<br />
barracks; and the Waggon-Metzger site, a former railway-car production and<br />
cleaning site. Many other potential sites are focused on railroad area and the<br />
old industrialised areas of Vaihingen, Weilimdorf and the Neckar Valley.<br />
Tourism<br />
4.5.26 The Stuttgart region, located astride the Neckar Valley, has a varied range of<br />
cultural and leisure activities. The Neckar has a number of diverse tourist<br />
attractions including the river and its locks, castles and vineyards, the Swabian<br />
Mountains, the Black Forest and indeed the historic spa city of Bad Cannstatt<br />
and the state capital of Stuttgart.<br />
4.5.27 The Bad Cannstatt site has particular potential to attract tourists as within two<br />
kilometres of the site there are mineral water springs and large leisure centres,<br />
such as the Leuze and Berg mineral water swimming pools, the Rosenstein<br />
park with the natural history museum, and the historic town centre of Bad<br />
Cannstatt. There are also three metro lines, three tramways and trunk roads<br />
providing convenient transport connections.<br />
4.5.28 The linking of Stuttgart’s main railway to a main arterial route could be an<br />
important watershed for the city in providing visitors with easier access to the<br />
city and the Neckar valley. This could provide a link to cycle routes which<br />
cover hundreds of kilometres.<br />
4.5.29 However, because of the nature of the Stuttgart railway station regeneration<br />
project there is less emphasis on the capability of the project to attract tourists.<br />
Nevertheless the proposals to create attractive new public buildings, such as<br />
hotels and a museum dedicated to the theme of travel around the new central<br />
square, will prove useful in attracting tourism to the urban quarter.<br />
4.6 Hengelo<br />
Introduction<br />
4.6.1 Hart van Zuid Project (Heart of the City) involves upgrading an industrial area<br />
which currently enclosed by the railway station and the Twente kanaal and<br />
making it part of Hengelo. The 'Hart van Zuid'Master plan was presented in<br />
the spring of 2001, however, due to the scale of the current and proposed<br />
functions and economic aspects of the area, the transformation will take<br />
several decades to complete.<br />
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4.6.2 The development is managed by a Project Partnership which includes the<br />
'Rijksdienst voor de Monumentenzorg'(National Trust) and is based around an<br />
independently monitored project covenant. A covenant was agreed between<br />
all the interested parties in order to ensure that all parties comply with the<br />
project proposals.<br />
4.6.3 The project centres on the Stork-Dikkers site in Hengelo which dates from<br />
1867 and was built to repair and manufacture machinery largely for the textile<br />
industry. The site is over 50 hectares in size and one of the largest Brownfield<br />
sites in the Netherlands. The industrial decline of the area is partly due to its<br />
separation from the main city caused by a railway, the Twente kanaal and<br />
various roads. Although the site is still partly occupied, some buildings are<br />
becoming vacant and functions are being found for these buildings before they<br />
become derelict.<br />
Conservation Approach<br />
4.6.4 The site contains a number of historic industrial buildings which are of national<br />
significance and the intention is to integrate these features as a fundamental<br />
part of the re-development by:<br />
• using the cultural component to promote the area;<br />
• integrating the characteristics of the historic area in the overall<br />
reorganization; and<br />
• fixing these qualities in the planning and process.<br />
4.6.5 A master plan was published which set out to transform the area over two<br />
decades from an isolated mono-functional, industrial complex into a multifunctional<br />
part of the city, whilst still retaining the essential qualities of the<br />
existing industrial buildings.<br />
4.6.6 The following rules were used in defining the strategy:<br />
• maintain everything that works;<br />
• transform only if it leads to partial and/or complete improvement; and<br />
• a flexible approach with all options kept open.<br />
4.6.7 One of the first actions of the Project Partnership was to commission an<br />
inventory and analysis of the historic site in order to determine which industrial<br />
buildings should be preserved at all cost and what function should they serve.<br />
The results of the survey were made available to the public as a book with a<br />
short history of the site.<br />
Main Historic Features<br />
4.6.8 The character of the area has been maintained by considering the original<br />
scale of the area and the buildings, retaining the structure of the industrial<br />
roads and railway system and using the historic stratification of the various<br />
production processes to form recognisable sub areas.<br />
4.6.9 Hengelo originally developed as a weaving centre and the development of the<br />
textile industry accelerated in the middle of the nineteenth century with the<br />
arrival of the railway system to Germany in 1865.<br />
4.6.10 When the Stork factory complex was built by the pioneering entrepreneurs the<br />
Stork brothers, in 1867, the initial layout was based on freestanding buildings<br />
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interconnected by railway tracks. Today, only small sections of façades and<br />
structures remain from the oldest buildings, mainly incorporated in later<br />
buildings.<br />
4.6.11 By the end of the nineteenth century the enormous growth of the complex had<br />
resulted in a site characterised by a number of extremely large productions<br />
halls, grouped around various production processes and centered on open<br />
spaces, some with walled enclosures and a porter's lodge at the entrance.<br />
The sites have a number of narrow industrial roads that are still typical for the<br />
site. The industrial site was organised around a wide railway track with<br />
branches accessing the factory halls via turntables and linked to the Stork port<br />
on the Twente canal, which dates from 1930. This site will form the focus of a<br />
complex of art studios, exhibition galleries, workshops, housing projects and<br />
catering businesses.<br />
4.6.12 The Stork brothers were active social reformers and one of their achievements<br />
was establishing, in 1914, the 'Het Lansink'which is a model workers'village,<br />
in the tradition of the English ‘garden villages’. The Lansink estate had large<br />
gardens with white washed houses forming terraces of no more than six<br />
dwellings with dormer windows and Dutch or stepped gables. The village, with<br />
its curving lanes, focused on a central square with houses, shops and a hotel<br />
arranged around the square. The pioneering social element was continued in<br />
the 'Vereenigingsgebouw'(Social Club) and the Wilhelmina school, where<br />
workers received in-house education and training.<br />
4.6.13 The Dikkers site dates from before 1910, when the two main buildings at<br />
Industriestraat, the iron foundry and accessory plant were built. The character<br />
of the site is maintained by similarity of the design of the main elevations with<br />
metal windows and iron structures infilled with which was 'characteristic'of<br />
their period and their function.<br />
4.6.14 At an early stage Hengelo took the important decision to seek statutory<br />
protection for the most historic buildings. The Wilhelmina school, which will<br />
house an industrial museum, the model-making plant and water tower, which<br />
has become a fire station, along with the Association Building were all<br />
designated as National Monuments. A number of other buildings have been<br />
designated or proposed for Communal Monument status. This ensures the<br />
most important structures will be preserved throughout the development<br />
process and the area’s character is retained.<br />
4.6.15 The quarter round the Stork building, near the station, defines the character of<br />
the city and forms part of Hengelo. One approach has been to maintain the<br />
site’s historic gird, which is formed by building plots and the railway lines that<br />
ran through the area. However, many of the buildings are large warehouses<br />
and are not considered suitable for residential use, unless the interior of the<br />
building was stripped and the façade maintained. Unfortunately this form of<br />
“facadism” would erode the historic character and integrity of the site.<br />
Future re-uses<br />
4.6.16 The development, named the New Stork City, aims to generate employment in<br />
the area with the neighbouring areas offering attractive environments for<br />
residents and businesses.<br />
4.6.17 Some of the new accommodation will be taken by the ROC-Oost Nederland, a<br />
regional educational centre and polytechnic, which is planning to set up a<br />
Community College with about 8,000 students in the area. Initially the<br />
vocational training department of the ROC will be accommodated in<br />
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Lansinkveld. The Lansinkveld or ‘water square'will connect the Tuindorp area<br />
and the town centre and will also contain local amenities, apartment buildings<br />
and a business centre.<br />
4.6.18 The surroundings of the Dikkers premises will be upgraded into a complex of<br />
art studios, exhibition galleries, workshops, housing projects and catering<br />
industry. An industrial museum will be housed in the Wilhelmina school and at<br />
the centre of the square; the cooling towers will act as a late night meeting<br />
place.<br />
4.6.19 The northern part of the site will form most of the urban area of Woonstad with<br />
a high density of residences and apartments. The Woonstad area will have a<br />
wide range of urban dwellings and green spaces with water features in order to<br />
fill the gaps between the existing neighbouring housing estates and enhance<br />
the coherence in the southern part of town.<br />
Tourism<br />
4.6.20 The development of the Twente Kanaal is the subject of a pilot study with<br />
future uses such as the recreational facilities, botanic gardens or fish ponds in<br />
the pipeline. The canal area has obvious potential as a tourist attraction as<br />
well as the development of the industrial museum at the Wilhelmina school.<br />
4.7 Tilburg<br />
Introduction<br />
4.7.1 The Piushaven of Tilburg is an historic industrial era harbour area on the<br />
Wilhelmina Canal, south west of the centre of Tilburg with potential Brownfield<br />
land extending to 51 hectares. It is located centrally between the centre of the<br />
city and the green peripheral areas. However, the Piushaven area has<br />
become an obsolete business district and the area’s current functions as a<br />
harbour are extremely limited and in decline.<br />
4.7.2 The main partners in the project are the Municipality of Tilburg, local<br />
businesses and resident organisations with the initial phase of the construction<br />
programme starting in 2004. The Piushaven partnership aims to regenerate<br />
the area by connecting the north and south sides of the harbour and canal to<br />
create a cohesive and practicable quarter.<br />
4.7.3 The principle of the project is to build-up the area’s relationship with the city<br />
centre which will enable both areas to benefit from complementary facilities<br />
and public places. By connecting the area to the surrounding infrastructure<br />
this will make working and recreation facilities more easily accessible to<br />
Piushaven’s residents. The objective is to create an area in a multi-functioning<br />
environment which encompasses residential use, employment and recreational<br />
facilities from a mono-functional area. The sites central location will allow the<br />
reduction of commuter traffic and, by developing functions for the area’s water<br />
resources and creating green spaces, it is planned to improve the residents<br />
quality of life.<br />
4.7.4 The main environment problems in the area are the lack of building quality, the<br />
stagnant water and the noise from heavy lorry traffic which puts the area’s<br />
small-scale infrastructure under constant pressure. In addition the area is<br />
largely cut off from the town centre by barriers such as the Ringbaan Oost and<br />
the Ringbaan Zuid (major ring roads) and the Wilhelmina Canal.<br />
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4.7.5 The existing green areas, water resources and open spaces are plentiful,<br />
although many green areas have no clear function and the spaces around the<br />
business premises are often in poor condition. There are also segments of<br />
open space without any clear function which tends to lower the quality of life in<br />
the area. The lay-out of the housing in the area is small-scale and there are a<br />
number of large business premises which clash with their surroundings.<br />
4.7.6 The municipality’s view of the Piushaven is that its immediate surroundings<br />
should be turned into an area with a distinctive character with an attractive<br />
mixture of elements for living, working, and water recreation. The aim of the<br />
redevelopment of the Piushaven area is to create a usable harbour in direct<br />
proximity to the heart of the city. It is expected that this will also lead to a<br />
process of rejuvenation in the neighbourhoods around the Piushaven.<br />
4.7.7 There are many aspects to the project: in addition to redevelopment of the real<br />
estate and restructuring of the industrial areas, a combination of retail trade,<br />
catering and recreation will be developed.<br />
4.7.8 In 2000 the construction brief was produced which described the existing<br />
situation in the area, the environmental aspects and functions and socioeconomic<br />
structure, stressing the flexibility of Piushaven for the regeneration of<br />
the land, buildings and the environment.<br />
4.7.9 Finally a construction brief was produced defining the main construction<br />
phases, the financing and proposed quality of design in terms of the layout,<br />
green spaces, water uses, functions and the environment. On the basis of the<br />
construction brief the municipality established a development vision for the<br />
area.<br />
4.7.10 By producing these control documents the municipality aims to retain control<br />
over the further aspects of development in the Piushaven area. These controls<br />
include the urban development plan, the financial control and a covenant with<br />
the occupants concerning the interpretation of the plans. The municipality also<br />
looked in detail at matters such as energy consumption, anti-social business<br />
uses, health and effective sustainability.<br />
Tourism<br />
4.7.11 The creation of a lively ‘harbour quarter’ in order to add an attractive and<br />
unique area to Tilburg. By retaining the historic aspect of the harbour with<br />
access for boats and providing berthing points for historic ships, this will act as<br />
a tourist attraction in its own right. In addition there are plans to develop the<br />
area’s café-culture in order to contribute to its attractiveness to a younger age<br />
group.<br />
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5 Conclusions<br />
5.1 Introduction<br />
5.1.1 Industrial heritage is increasingly recognised as a valuable and finite resource<br />
which forms part of our common European cultural heritage. Large parts of<br />
this legacy have already been lost and so it is vital to preserve the remaining<br />
sustainable elements of our industrial buildings, monuments and<br />
archaeological sites for future generations. The regeneration schemes which<br />
this report has examined generally, though not exclusively, involve a range of<br />
standing industrial buildings and structures, although sub-surface<br />
archaeological remains can be just as important to interpreting a site.<br />
5.1.2 In this respect a central principle for providing the long-term conservation of<br />
historic buildings is that the most sympathetic form of re-use is nearly always<br />
the use closest to its existing or original function. However, the size and<br />
design of a building or structure, the level of statutory protection, the<br />
geographic location, the local economic requirements and community needs<br />
will always be important constraints in the regeneration of industrial sites.<br />
5.1.3 Secondly finding a sustainable economic function is frequently the best way of<br />
ensuring the future preservation of a building. The loss of a sustainable<br />
function can make historic buildings vulnerable to demolition, neglect or<br />
vandalism. One solution to the problem of decline is to pre-empt that cycle of<br />
decline, if possible, and plan for re-use as buildings become vacant.<br />
5.1.4 However, there must always be a balance between conserving the industrial<br />
heritage and new development. Brownfield sites are often archaeologically<br />
sensitive and require a proper assessment of sub-surface features in advance<br />
of design proposals. In terms of historic standing structures and sub-surface<br />
archaeology, early consultation is recommended in order that any constraints<br />
can be avoided in the design process and where this is not possible, any<br />
archaeological sites are recorded in advance, avoiding time and programming<br />
difficulties.<br />
5.1.5 Sustainable tourism can also improve the balance between more or less<br />
affluent areas and contribute to the safeguarding of cultural heritage and the<br />
improvement the quality of life and education. Tourism is a key component in<br />
the safeguarding of the cultural heritage, functioning landscapes and the<br />
maintenance of biodiversity.<br />
5.2 European Perspectives<br />
5.2.1 There are many common themes to these European case studies. These<br />
include:<br />
• Transportation features: railways, canals; and<br />
• Waterways: rivers, docks, harbours, canals<br />
5.2.2 During the 20 th century many historic dockyards, canals and waterways were<br />
abandoned but, where they survive, these represent an important resource<br />
which provides ecological habitats and in many cases can still supply<br />
sustainable tourism or a method of transporting bulky materials. In addition,<br />
most waterfronts have a distinctive historic character which, after regeneration,<br />
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can provide an attractive location for housing, business and leisure and can<br />
provide a stimulus for economic development.<br />
5.2.3 The themes which recur within these case studies include:<br />
• Regeneration of former industrial sites by ‘pump-priming’;<br />
• Preservation of the industrial and cultural identity;<br />
• High standard of environmental and architectural quality;<br />
• Integrating a strategy of urban and economic development, creating a<br />
social and cultural profile and participation;<br />
• Public partnership with private enterprise;<br />
• Innovative approaches to large construction projects;<br />
• High quality homes, offices and infrastructure;<br />
• Fast-track planning process, based on a long-term vision and long-term<br />
agreement or covenants; and<br />
• Mixed development.<br />
5.2.4 As in many of these case studies the first approach to each site has generally<br />
been to make an informed assessment of the importance of the existing<br />
historic features. From this an overall conservation plan should be produced<br />
specifying the conservation approach for each building, such as:<br />
• preservation with minimum repairs;<br />
• restoration for museums or interpretation;<br />
• complete refurbishment for business or other uses; and<br />
• in some cases demolition.<br />
5.2.5 The Dutch model of inputting archaeological values into the Sites and<br />
Monuments Record provides a very useful planning tool and, by providing an<br />
inventory of potential regeneration sites, allows the protection of the cultural<br />
heritage to be maximised. This model stresses that not all sites are of equal<br />
importance. In Britain not all heritage databases examine the heritage value of<br />
an individual site, and instead concentrate on archaeological and historic<br />
background, with less emphasis on relative value and is, therefore, of less<br />
useful for planning purposes and decision-making.<br />
5.2.6 Although not all industrial assets are of archaeological, architectural or historic<br />
importance, groups of buildings of lesser quality may still add to the overall<br />
character of an area. The French model of PSVU makes a direct link between<br />
conserving the historic core of an area and encouraging re-development by<br />
controlling the regeneration.<br />
5.2.7 The models provided by Blaenavon, Medway and Hengelo, emphasise the<br />
importance of the relevant local authorities promoting the statutory protection<br />
of important sites as a means of preventing erosion of the area’s historic<br />
character after regeneration.<br />
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5.3 Assessing the Impact of Development<br />
5.3.1 A method of preserving the character of our industrial heritage is provided by a<br />
toolkit which focuses on the impact of a development on the historic<br />
environment. This provides a sustainability checklist of simple questions for<br />
development schemes which can help to determine the impact on the historic<br />
environment. An example from one toolkit includes the following questions:<br />
Will it maintain or enhance the character of the built and historic<br />
environment?<br />
Will new builds use conservation features and recycled materials?<br />
Will it help to reduce the amount of vacant and derelict land and the number<br />
of vacant buildings?<br />
Will it encourage development on previously developed/Brownfield land?<br />
Will it contribute to the character of town centres and respect their historic<br />
context?<br />
Will it help to protect or enhance ancient monuments, historic parks and<br />
gardens and other conservation areas?<br />
Will it help to create a well designed and exciting urban environment?<br />
Does it respect, protect and enhance existing features of the historic<br />
environment such as archaeological remains, buildings, street patterns<br />
and landscapes?<br />
Will it encourage the repair and re-use of buildings?<br />
(From the East of England Development Association website; EEDA)<br />
5.4 The Historic Environment and Sustainable Regeneration<br />
5.4.1 In order to be effective, a heritage-led regeneration project needs to have very<br />
clear conservation objectives. Projects need to be big enough to make a<br />
visible difference to an area or the funding needs to be concentrated in one<br />
place. The local authority or promoting partnership also needs good<br />
conservation skills and experience, and it is important that there is staff<br />
continuity during the project.<br />
5.4.2 In addition, committing funding upfront, in the form of ‘pump-priming, allows<br />
time for other sources of funding to become available. <strong>Heritage</strong>-led projects, in<br />
isolation from other measures, cannot reverse endemic economic problems,<br />
but they can act as a catalyst for changing perceptions of an area. Experience<br />
shows heritage-led schemes are most effective when they are deployed as<br />
part of a wider regeneration strategy. Developments built in one phase and in<br />
single ownership, such as modern shopping and office complexes, offer fewer<br />
opportunities for social inclusion and can support fewer small and start-up<br />
businesses.<br />
5.4.3 Since there are many problems in co-ordinating the different elements of<br />
regeneration, as well as funding packages, it is critical for a body with a<br />
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strategic overview to be involved in co-ordinating the phases of urban<br />
regeneration that involve heritage.<br />
5.4.4 The impact of individual projects can only be sustained if local authorities<br />
operate the system of statutory heritage protection effectively and fairly,<br />
including statutory consent, enforcement, repairs notices, compulsory<br />
purchase orders and directions.<br />
5.4.5 There is a delicate relationship between any regeneration funding and the<br />
operation of the local property market. Initial investment may change<br />
perceptions of an area which can then create a speculative property market<br />
where properties are bought up and left empty in the hope of a rising market.<br />
5.4.6 Archaeological sites, historic buildings and green spaces are often the key to<br />
regeneration schemes: individually they can be centrepieces, landmarks, or<br />
symbols of an area; collectively they can set a framework, a context, or an<br />
architectural standard. However, whilst many heritage schemes have focused<br />
very much on physical repairs to property it is important that there should be a<br />
sustainable use for the property and that there should be strong community<br />
involvement in the scheme.<br />
5.4.7 High quality historic buildings actually set the architectural standards for<br />
adjacent new developments. The very presence of historic buildings demands<br />
sensitive and high quality architecture. Some of the most exciting and<br />
stimulating urban areas derive their character from an inventive juxtaposition of<br />
old and new.<br />
5.4.8 The quality of conservation work will be an important element in the success of<br />
any regeneration project. Well-conserved historic buildings, archaeological<br />
sites and spaces can add value to a place; poor conservation can erode the<br />
character and quality of an area just as easily as poor new design.<br />
5.4.9 A recent English <strong>Heritage</strong> survey reported (English <strong>Heritage</strong>, 2003) that:<br />
• a MORI poll for <strong>Heritage</strong> Counts 2003 revealed that 92% of people thought<br />
it important to keep historic features when regenerating towns and cities<br />
and 90% said heritage meant their local area as well as castles and stately<br />
homes. 82% thought heritage could be fun;<br />
• houses built before 1919 are worth, on average, some 20% more than an<br />
equivalent house from a more recent era;<br />
• a Victorian terraced house is cheaper to maintain over a 100-year period<br />
than a 1980’s house;<br />
• the total energy already used in the construction of a typical Victorian<br />
terrace would power a car to go five times round the earth, or halfway to<br />
the moon;<br />
• a total of 130,000 new houses are built every year but only 20,000 new<br />
homes each year result from conversions of existing stock;<br />
• not all empty houses can be made habitable again. But there are 40,000<br />
privately owned long-term vacant properties in London and 30,000 in the<br />
South East – areas where there is a shortage of homes for key workers.<br />
5.4.10 Their inhabitants often hold historic areas in great affection; they are very<br />
much part of "the cherished local scene" and their maintenance and<br />
improvement is the subject of great local pride. They contribute to social<br />
engagement, even health and well-being. The repair of historic buildings,<br />
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therefore, makes a positive contribution to urban regeneration by contributing<br />
to the quality and distinctiveness of local areas.<br />
5.4.11 Historic areas may incorporate a variety of archaeological features,<br />
architectural styles and materials, and are constructed over many years, and<br />
their richness and complexity can be image defining. Individually or<br />
collectively the industrial heritage generates public interest and a wellconserved<br />
historic environment can be used to develop heritage and culture<br />
based tourism.<br />
5.4.12 Some historic areas are based on the local vernacular building tradition using<br />
materials which are only locally available, thus they are often unique, and help<br />
define the image of an area. <strong>Heritage</strong> conservation can also be used to raise<br />
awareness of traditional skills in areas. The increase in skills in a particular<br />
area can help to improve the historic building stock of the surrounding area<br />
and generate increased economic activity for local businesses.<br />
5.4.13 The contribution that the industrial heritage can make to regeneration goes<br />
beyond historic buildings and includes parks, and other green spaces, the<br />
historic layout and streetscape, as well as other archaeological features such<br />
as waterways and canals, railways and tramways which are vital to the public<br />
realm. Indeed any heritage-led project in a deprived area, including museums<br />
or activity projects, may have the potential to contribute to regeneration<br />
through enhancing and opening-up what people most value and provide a<br />
stimulus for tourism. Since the historic built form is generally high-density it<br />
can promote pedestrian movement and other sustainable forms of transport,<br />
whilst being less attractive to the motor car.<br />
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6 Bibliography<br />
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Assen/Amersfoort Archaeological <strong>Heritage</strong> Management in the Netherlands 1997<br />
English (Translation W.J.H Willems)<br />
Beer. A & Higgins. C Environmental Planning and Site Development<br />
Bertram. C, M.B.Minnier RESCUE Regeneration of European Site in Cities and Urban<br />
Environments Brownfield and Sustainability Indicators 2003<br />
CABE (Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment) Towns and Cities<br />
Urban Renaissance Breaking down the barriers<br />
CABE/ English <strong>Heritage</strong> Building in Context new development in Historic areas 2001<br />
Denner and Lowe Effective Regeneration of Brownfield Land in the United Kingdom<br />
1999<br />
CLARINET Brownfields and Redevelopment of Urban Areas. A report from the<br />
contaminated land rehabilitation Network for Environmental Technologies August 2004<br />
European Commission ESDP Euro Spatial Planning Policies. Towards Balanced and<br />
Sustainable Development of the Territory of the European Union Potsdam May 1999<br />
Ferber and Grimski CLARINET <strong>Report</strong> on “Brownfields and Redevelopment of Urban<br />
Areas” 2002.<br />
Detlef Grimski and Uwe Ferber Urban Brownfields in Europe, , Land Contamination &<br />
Reclamation/Volume 9 / Number 1 / 2001<br />
“German Laws governing Cultural <strong>Heritage</strong> Protection”, List of Documents issued by<br />
the German National Committee for Monument Protection, Volume 54, 3. Edition,<br />
Bonn 1997,<br />
Local Government Association Economic Regeneration Documenting Best Practise<br />
Nov 2003<br />
Marsh, P. The Refurbishment of Commercial and Industrial Buildings. 1983<br />
Medhurst. J Case Study on the Governance for sustainable Development in the United<br />
Kingdom. Institutional Aspects of Sustainable Development April 2001<br />
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Incentives. Relaxed Mitigation Standards and Regulatory Certainty 2000<br />
MILU Multifunctional Intensive Land Use Network, MILUNET Baseline Policy <strong>Report</strong><br />
June 2004<br />
Pickard, R. Policy and Law in <strong>Heritage</strong> Conservation 2002<br />
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Workshop Two - Sustainable Brownfield Regeneration the Management of Buildings<br />
and Infrastructure Sept 2004<br />
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Select Committee <strong>Report</strong>. The Need for a New European Regeneration Framework<br />
Nov 2002<br />
The Ironbridge Institute and Royal Commission on Ancient and Historical Monuments<br />
in Wales<br />
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British Iron Works, Abersychan Gwent: An Archaeological <strong>Report</strong> Oct 1992<br />
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Sustainable Development: Guidelines and Methodologies ” 2001<br />
US/ICOMOS, 2003. Managing Change: Sustainable Approaches to the conservation<br />
of the Built <strong>Heritage</strong>: Proceedings of the 4 th Annual US/ICOMOS Conference, 2001<br />
Dutch Bibliography<br />
Henket H. J Covenant for the development of the Industrial Legacy of the Stork<br />
Dikkers Sites in Hengelo. March 2003<br />
Kuipers. M Dutch Developments in Documenting Built <strong>Heritage</strong> Date Unknown<br />
Ministry of Education Culture and Science in the Netherlands Cultural Policy in the<br />
Netherlands 2003<br />
NETA North European Trade Axis NETA Pilot Sustainable Industrial Areas Work<br />
Package 1 Dec 2000<br />
French Bibliography<br />
Falk. N Turning the Tide (Date Unknown)<br />
The Grater Nantes Council Constructing Sustainable Development (brochure) Aug<br />
2002<br />
German Bibliography<br />
Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety Soil<br />
Protection Act Against Harmful Changes to Soil and on rehabilitation of contaminated<br />
site 1998<br />
Meeting of the Ministers responsible for Regional/Spatial Planning of the European<br />
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Development in the European Union 1999<br />
SCATTER Sprawling Cities and Transport from Evaluation to Recommendations<br />
Monographic <strong>Report</strong> Case City Stuttgart 2002<br />
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National Assembly for Wales A Sustainable Wales Learning to Live Differently 2000<br />
Medway Council Renaissance Strategy 2004<br />
Welsh Development Agency Learning to Work Differently<br />
Torfaen County Borough Council Torfaen Local Action Plan 2000<br />
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4.<strong>pdf</strong><br />
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http://www.futurewest.org.uk/Sustainable%20Development%20and%20Cultural%20Pl<br />
anning1.htm<br />
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http://www.nweurope.org/page/projetIdea.php?p=22&id=112<br />
http://www.seeda.co.uk/Publications/European_Issues/docs/European_Fund_SE_200<br />
4.<strong>pdf</strong><br />
http://www.lpa.dk/Venstremenuen/Planemner/International_planlaegning/Informationst<br />
yper/Publikationer/<strong>Report</strong>_by_CSD.htm<br />
http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/urban/locsm-en.htm<br />
http://www.geodan.nl/uk/project/Rob/index.htm<br />
http://www.minocw.nl/malta/toespraken/gen27<br />
www.wales.gov.uk<br />
http://www.englishheritage.org.uk/default.asp?wci=MainFrame&URL1=http%3A//www.englishheritage.org.uk/default.asp%3FWCI%3DNode%26WCE%3D8146<br />
0014021/JM/001 47
Torfaen County Borough Council<br />
<strong>REVIT</strong>: A Review of the Conservation of Industrial <strong>Heritage</strong> Assets on Brownfield Sites<br />
APPENDIX 1:<br />
Torfaen CBC Inventory of Sites: The British Ironworks<br />
BRITISH IRONWORKS: COKE OVENS<br />
Reference: 85064 National grid reference: SO25710372 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.0<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:OVEN<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
BRITISH IRONWORKS: BLAST FURNACES<br />
Reference: 85063 National grid reference: SO25710372 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.0<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:BLAST FURNACE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
BRITISH IRONWORKS: ELECTRICAL HOUSE<br />
Reference: 85069 National grid reference: SO25750358 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:ELECTRICITY GENERATING SITE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
BRITISH COLLIERY PUMPING ENGINE HOUSE<br />
Reference: MM216 National grid reference: SO258036 Period: - Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:ENGINE HOUSE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
Record Originator:Cadw<br />
BRITISH COLLIERY PUMPING ENGINE HOUSE<br />
Reference: 04699g National grid reference: SO258036 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:ENGINE HOUSE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
BRITISH IRONWORKS: AIR FURNACE<br />
Reference: 85068 National grid reference: SO25710360 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:FURNACE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
BRITISH IRONWORKS, ABERSYCHAN<br />
Reference: 85082 National grid reference: SO25750365 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:IRON WORKS<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
0014021/JM/001 48
Torfaen County Borough Council<br />
<strong>REVIT</strong>: A Review of the Conservation of Industrial <strong>Heritage</strong> Assets on Brownfield Sites<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
BRITISH IRONWORKS: WAGON REPAIR SHED<br />
Reference: 85070 National grid reference: SO25830364 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:WORKSHOP<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
BRITISH IRONWORKS AIR FURNACE<br />
Reference: 04698g National grid reference: SO257036 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:REVERBERATORY FURNACE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
BRITISH IRONWORKS COLLIERY: CHIMNEY<br />
Reference: 85066 National grid reference: SO25850367 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:CHIMNEY<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
AIR FURNACE AT BRITISH IRONWORKS<br />
Reference: MM221 National grid reference: SO257036 Period: Post-Medieval;Modern<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:IRONWORKS<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
Record Originator:Cadw<br />
BRITISH IRONWORKS COLLIERY: PUMPING ENGINE HOUSE<br />
Reference: 85065 National grid reference: SO25850365 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:ENGINE HOUSE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
BRITISH IRONWORKS OFFICE AND FOUNDRY QUADRANGLE (FORMER)<br />
Reference: 04596g National grid reference: SO257036 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:IRON WORKS<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
CWMBYRGWM CHIMNEY<br />
Reference: 04017g National grid reference: SO258036 Period: Unknown Distance:<br />
0.1<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:VENTILATION SHAFT<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
0014021/JM/001 49
Torfaen County Borough Council<br />
<strong>REVIT</strong>: A Review of the Conservation of Industrial <strong>Heritage</strong> Assets on Brownfield Sites<br />
BRITISH IRONWORKS: OFFICES & WORKSHOPS<br />
Reference: 85067 National grid reference: SO25720361 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:WORKSHOP<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
ABERSYCHAN<br />
Reference: 02515g National grid reference: SO258035 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.2<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:IRON WORKS<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
BRITISH ROAD: BRIDGE<br />
Reference: 85077 National grid reference: SO25530390 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.3<br />
Broadclass:Transport Type:BRIDGE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
ABERSYCHAN HOUSE, GARDEN<br />
Reference: 266002 National grid reference: SO25400380 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.3<br />
Broadclass:Gardens, Parks and Urban Spaces Type:GARDEN<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
ABERSYCHAN HOUSE: ROAD BRIDGE<br />
Reference: 85079 National grid reference: SO25500395 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.3<br />
Broadclass:Transport Type:BRIDGE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
ST FRANCIS OF ASSISI, CHURCH ROAD, ABERSYCHAN,<br />
Reference: 12936 National grid reference: SO26110388 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.4<br />
Broadclass:Religious, Ritual and Funerary Type:CHAPEL<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
BIG ARCH<br />
Reference: 04597g National grid reference: SO259034 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.4<br />
Broadclass:Unassigned Type:ARCH<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
BRITISH QUARRY: RAILWAY INCLINE BRIDGE<br />
0014021/JM/001 50
Torfaen County Borough Council<br />
<strong>REVIT</strong>: A Review of the Conservation of Industrial <strong>Heritage</strong> Assets on Brownfield Sites<br />
Reference: 85076 National grid reference: SO25370364 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.4<br />
Broadclass:Transport Type:BRIDGE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
ABERSYCHAN & TALYWAIN RAILWAY STATION, ABERSYCHAN<br />
Reference: 308317 National grid reference: SO26030394 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.4<br />
Broadclass:Transport Type:RAILWAY STATION<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
LOWER NAVIGATION COLLIERY: RAILWAY BRIDGE<br />
Reference: 85078 National grid reference: SO25420403 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.4<br />
Broadclass:Transport Type:BRIDGE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
BIG ARCH RAILWAY TUNNEL<br />
Reference: 03191g National grid reference: SO260034 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.4<br />
Broadclass:Transport Type:RAILWAY TUNNEL<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
NORFOLK ROW, BRITISH<br />
Reference: 85105 National grid reference: SO25350355 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.4<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:DWELLING<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
BIG ARCH RAILWAY TUNNEL, TALYWAIN, ABERSYCHAN<br />
Reference: 34968 National grid reference: SO260035 Period: Post-Medieval Distance:<br />
0.4<br />
Broadclass:Transport Type:RAILWAY TUNNEL<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
LOWER NAVIGATION COLLIERY: ENGINE HOUSE<br />
Reference: 85071 National grid reference: SO25370397 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.4<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:ENGINE HOUSE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
ELIZABETH ROW, BRITISH IRONWORKS, ABERSYCHAN<br />
0014021/JM/001 51
Torfaen County Borough Council<br />
<strong>REVIT</strong>: A Review of the Conservation of Industrial <strong>Heritage</strong> Assets on Brownfield Sites<br />
Reference: 36832 National grid reference: SO25420345 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.4<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:TERRACED HOUSING<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
AR10 TURNPIKE ROAD<br />
Reference: 05293.0g National grid reference: SO261041 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.5<br />
Broadclass:Transport Type:ROAD<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
OLD CASTLE, THE BRITISH<br />
Reference: 20505 National grid reference: SO25840421 Period: Post-Medieval?<br />
Distance: 0.5<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:DWELLING<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
AR9 LNWR RAILWAY<br />
Reference: 03276.2g National grid reference: SO261041 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.5<br />
Broadclass:Transport Type:RAILWAY<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
OLD CASTLE, THE BRITISH<br />
Reference: 04013g National grid reference: SO258042 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.5<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:HOUSE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
CASTLE COTTAGE;CASTLE FARM COTTAGE<br />
Reference: 36564 National grid reference: SO25840420 Period: Post-Medieval?<br />
Distance: 0.5<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:HOUSE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
ETM STEEL FABRICATION COLLIERY ENGINE HOUSE (FORMER)<br />
Reference: 04595g National grid reference: SO253039 Period: Modern Distance: 0.5<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:ENGINE HOUSE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
THE HAWTHORNS, GARDEN<br />
Reference: 266005 National grid reference: SO26170357 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.5<br />
Broadclass:Gardens, Parks and Urban Spaces Type:GARDEN<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
0014021/JM/001 52
Torfaen County Borough Council<br />
<strong>REVIT</strong>: A Review of the Conservation of Industrial <strong>Heritage</strong> Assets on Brownfield Sites<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
ELIZABETH ROW<br />
Reference: 03190g National grid reference: SO254034 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.5<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:HOUSE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
SITE NAME NOT KNOWN<br />
Reference: 02119g National grid reference: SO262041 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.6<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:IRON WORKS<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
CAPEL-Y-FFIN CHURCH (ST MARY), CHURCH<br />
Reference: 32446 National grid reference: SO25480315 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.6<br />
Broadclass:Religious, Ritual and Funerary Type:CHURCH<br />
Pre 74 County:Brecknockshire County:Powys Community:Llanigon<br />
Record Originator:Clwyd Powys Archaeological Trust<br />
AR11 8-13 FOUNDARY ROAD<br />
Reference: 05294g National grid reference: SO262034 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.6<br />
Broadclass:Unassigned Type:BUILDING<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
AR5 TRAMROAD<br />
Reference: 05290g National grid reference: SO262034 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.6<br />
Broadclass:Transport Type:TRAMWAY<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
ST THOMAS'HALL, ABERSYCHAN<br />
Reference: 307480 National grid reference: SO26200411 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.6<br />
Broadclass:Religious, Ritual and Funerary Type:CHURCH<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
ST THOMAS, TAL-Y-WAUN,<br />
Reference: 12928 National grid reference: SO26200405 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.6<br />
Broadclass:Religious, Ritual and Funerary Type:CHURCH<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
0014021/JM/001 53
Torfaen County Borough Council<br />
<strong>REVIT</strong>: A Review of the Conservation of Industrial <strong>Heritage</strong> Assets on Brownfield Sites<br />
PISGAH ROAD BAPTIST, GARNDIFFAITH, ABERSYCHAN<br />
Reference: 307535 National grid reference: SO25990430 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.6<br />
Broadclass:Religious, Ritual and Funerary Type:CHAPEL<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
NODDFA WELSH BAPTIST CHAPEL, CHURCH ROAD, ABERSYCHAN,<br />
Reference: 12937 National grid reference: SO26270355 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.6<br />
Broadclass:Religious, Ritual and Funerary Type:CHAPEL<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
PISGAH WELSH BAPTIST CHAPEL (PISGA; TAL-Y-WAEN), PISGAH ROAD,<br />
GARNDIFFAITH,<br />
Reference: 12927 National grid reference: SO26070436 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.7<br />
Broadclass:Religious, Ritual and Funerary Type:CHAPEL<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
CWMBYRGWM COLLIERY: SHAFT<br />
Reference: 85074 National grid reference: SO25050339 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.7<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:MINE SHAFT<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
AR4 PENTWYN IRONWORKS<br />
Reference: 05289g National grid reference: SO263033 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.7<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:IRON WORKS<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
CWMBYRGWM COLLIERY: WATER BALANCE<br />
Reference: 85075 National grid reference: SO25210326 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.7<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:MINE SHAFT<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
CWMBYRGWM COLLIERY<br />
Reference: MM163 National grid reference: SO252033 Period: Post-Medieval;Modern<br />
Distance: 0.7<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:COAL MINE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
Record Originator:Cadw<br />
0014021/JM/001 54
Torfaen County Borough Council<br />
<strong>REVIT</strong>: A Review of the Conservation of Industrial <strong>Heritage</strong> Assets on Brownfield Sites<br />
CWMBYRGWM COLLIERY<br />
Reference: 02156g National grid reference: SO252032 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.7<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:COLLIERY<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
CWMBYRGWM COLLIERY, ABERSYCHAN<br />
Reference: 85072 National grid reference: SO25130332 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.7<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:COAL MINE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
HIGH STREET BAPTIST CHAPEL, ABERSYCHAN<br />
Reference: 12938 National grid reference: SO26480348 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.8<br />
Broadclass:Religious, Ritual and Funerary Type:CHAPEL<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
BABELL INDEPENDENT CHAPEL<br />
Reference: 10395 National grid reference: SO2603 Period: Post-Medieval Distance:<br />
0.8<br />
Broadclass:Religious, Ritual and Funerary Type:CHAPEL<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
GOLYNOS COAL SHAFT<br />
Reference: 33567 National grid reference: SO25600455 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.8<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:COAL MINE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Abersychan<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
Torfaen CBC Inventory of Sites: Blaenavon World <strong>Heritage</strong> Site<br />
BLAENAVON IRONWORKS<br />
Reference: MM200 National grid reference: SO249092 Period: Post-Medieval;Modern<br />
Distance: 0.0<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:INDUSTRIAL MONUMENT<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Cadw<br />
BLAENAVON IRONWORKS<br />
Reference: 02221g National grid reference: SO249092 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.0<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:IRON WORKS<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
0014021/JM/001 55
Torfaen County Borough Council<br />
<strong>REVIT</strong>: A Review of the Conservation of Industrial <strong>Heritage</strong> Assets on Brownfield Sites<br />
BLAENAVON IRONWORKS, BLAENAVON<br />
Reference: 34134 National grid reference: SO24950925 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:IRON WORKS<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
BLAST FURNACES, BLAENAVON IRONWORKS<br />
Reference: 309093 National grid reference: SO24950930 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:BLAST FURNACE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
BLAENAVON IRONWORKS, PAY OFFICE<br />
Reference: 04854g National grid reference: SO249092 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.0<br />
Broadclass:Commercial Type:PAY OFFICE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
BLAENAVON IRONWORKS , BALANCE TOWER<br />
Reference: 04873g National grid reference: SO249092 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.0<br />
Broadclass:Unassigned Type:TOWER<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
BLAENAVON IRONWORKS, CAST HOUSE<br />
Reference: 04850g National grid reference: SO249092 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.0<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:CASTING HOUSE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
BLAENAVON IRONWORKS , STORAGE SHED<br />
Reference: 04852g National grid reference: SO249092 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.0<br />
Broadclass:Unassigned Type:SHED<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
BLAENAVON IRONWORKS, FOUNDRY<br />
Reference: 04851g National grid reference: SO249092 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.0<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:FOUNDRY<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
BLAENAVON IRONWORKS , BLAST FURNACE (1 OF 6)<br />
Reference: 04844g National grid reference: SO249093 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:FURNACE<br />
0014021/JM/001 56
Torfaen County Borough Council<br />
<strong>REVIT</strong>: A Review of the Conservation of Industrial <strong>Heritage</strong> Assets on Brownfield Sites<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
BLAENAVON IRONWORKS , BLAST FURNACE (2 OF 6)<br />
Reference: 04845g National grid reference: SO249093 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:FURNACE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
BLAENAVON IRONWORKS , BLAST FURNACE (3 OF 6)<br />
Reference: 04846g National grid reference: SO249093 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:FURNACE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
BLAENAVON IRONWORKS , BLAST FURNACE (4 OF 6)<br />
Reference: 04847g National grid reference: SO249093 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:FURNACE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
BLAENAVON IRONWORKS , BLAST FURNACE (5 OF 6)<br />
Reference: 04848g National grid reference: SO249093 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:FURNACE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
BLAENAVON IRONWORKS , BLAST FURNACE (6 OF 6)<br />
Reference: 04859g National grid reference: SO249093 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:FURNACE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
BLAENAVON IRONWORKS , STORAGE SHED AND ATTACHED CHIMNEY<br />
Reference: 04853g National grid reference: SO249092 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.0<br />
Broadclass:Unassigned Type:SHED<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
HOUSE STACK SQUARE, BLAENAVON<br />
Reference: 20853 National grid reference: SO25000923 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:DWELLING<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
0014021/JM/001 57
Torfaen County Borough Council<br />
<strong>REVIT</strong>: A Review of the Conservation of Industrial <strong>Heritage</strong> Assets on Brownfield Sites<br />
ENGINE ROW, STACK SQUARE:<br />
Reference: 03393g National grid reference: SO250092 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:HOUSE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
STACK SQUARE, NORTH RANGE, BLAENAVON IRONWORKS,<br />
Reference: 04856g National grid reference: SO250092 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:HOUSE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
STACK SQUARE, SOUTH RANGE (ENGINE ROW), BLAENAVON IRONWORKS,<br />
Reference: 04855g National grid reference: SO250092 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:HOUSE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
SHEPERDS SQUARE<br />
Reference: 02321g National grid reference: SO249091 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:HOUSE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
TRAMROAD, BLAENAVON RAILROAD; BLAENAVON<br />
Reference: 91617 National grid reference: SO24960923 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Transport Type:RAILWAY<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
CALCINING KILNS, BLAENAVON IRONWORKS,<br />
Reference: 04849g National grid reference: SO249093 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:KILN<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
GILCHRIST MEMORIAL, BLAENAVON IRONWORKS<br />
Reference: 04858g National grid reference: SO248091 Period: Unknown Distance:<br />
0.1<br />
Broadclass:Commemorative Type:COMMEMORATIVE MONUMENT<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
STACK SQUARE, EAST RANGE, BLAENAVON IRONWORKS,<br />
Reference: 04857g National grid reference: SO250092 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:HOUSE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
0014021/JM/001 58
Torfaen County Borough Council<br />
<strong>REVIT</strong>: A Review of the Conservation of Industrial <strong>Heritage</strong> Assets on Brownfield Sites<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
STABLE ROW<br />
Reference: 03452g National grid reference: SO250092 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type: HOUSE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
GILCHRIST THOMAS MEMORIAL, BLAENAVON<br />
Reference: 303451 National grid reference: SO24870915 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Commemorative Type:COMMEMORATIVE MONUMENT<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
STACK SQUARE & ENGINE ROW<br />
Reference: 02320g National grid reference: SO250092 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:HOUSE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
NORTH STREET, STAFFORDSHIRE ROW, BLAENAVON<br />
Reference: 306247 National grid reference: SO24910913 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:TERRACE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
PARK, THE, TY FRAEN, BLAENAVON<br />
Reference: 304439 National grid reference: SO24940912 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:BUILDING<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
NORTH STREET, DEMOLISHED HOUSE ROW, EXTENDING NE. FROM<br />
FAIRBANK, BLAENAVON<br />
Reference: 306199 National grid reference: SO24910910 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:TERRACE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
PARK, THE, HAZELMERE & FAIRBANKS, BLAENAVON<br />
Reference: 304407 National grid reference: SO24900905 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:BUILDING<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
0014021/JM/001 59
Torfaen County Borough Council<br />
<strong>REVIT</strong>: A Review of the Conservation of Industrial <strong>Heritage</strong> Assets on Brownfield Sites<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
NORTH STREET, PREMISES OF I.J. CADDICK & CO., & SWENLECS,<br />
BLAENAVON<br />
Reference: 304461 National grid reference: SO24940913 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Commercial Type:SHOP<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
BALANCE TOWER, BLAENAVON IRONWORKS<br />
Reference: 309091 National grid reference: SO24990928 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:WATER BALANCE TOWER<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
PARK, THE, ALPHA, BRAESIDE AND TREGARTH, BLAENAVON<br />
Reference: 304437 National grid reference: SO24940909 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:BUILDING<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
PARK, THE, ALPHA, BRAESIDE AND TREGARTH, BLAENAVON<br />
Reference: 304436 National grid reference: SO24940912 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Health and Welfare Type:HOSPITAL<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
CHAINSHOPS, BLAENAVON IRONWORKS, BLAENAVON<br />
Reference: 91601 National grid reference: SO25020927 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:STOREHOUSE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
BLAENAVON IRONWORKS , CHAIN STORE (1 OF 2)<br />
Reference: 04842g National grid reference: SO250092 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Unassigned Type:STOREHOUSE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
CHAIN STORE, BLAENAVON IRONWORKS , (2 OF 2)<br />
Reference: 04843g National grid reference: SO250092 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Unassigned Type:STOREHOUSE<br />
0014021/JM/001 60
Torfaen County Borough Council<br />
<strong>REVIT</strong>: A Review of the Conservation of Industrial <strong>Heritage</strong> Assets on Brownfield Sites<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
CADDICKS WORKSHOP<br />
Reference: 03399g National grid reference: SO248091 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Commercial Type:SHOP<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
CAE WHITE POWDER HOUSE<br />
Reference: 03462g National grid reference: SO250092 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Defence Type:MAGAZINE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
NORTH STREET, BLAENAVON<br />
Reference: 305176 National grid reference: SO24950919 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Transport Type:ROAD<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
NORTH STREET, PARK VIEW, NOS. 1 & 2, & YORK HOUSE, NOS. 1 & 2,<br />
BLAENAVON<br />
Reference: 304441 National grid reference: SO25030923 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:BUILDING<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
NORTH STREET STAFFORDSHIRE ROW<br />
Reference: 03368g National grid reference: SO249091 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:HOUSE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
NORTH STREET NO 29 - 38 (PARK COTTAGE)<br />
Reference: 03395g National grid reference: SO249091 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:HOUSE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
CAST HOUSE AND FOUNDRY, BLAENAVON IRONWORKS<br />
Reference: 309095 National grid reference: SO24930926 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:CASTING HOUSE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
0014021/JM/001 61
Torfaen County Borough Council<br />
<strong>REVIT</strong>: A Review of the Conservation of Industrial <strong>Heritage</strong> Assets on Brownfield Sites<br />
MECHANIC'S ROW<br />
Reference: 302184 National grid reference: SO250091 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:TERRACE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
ENGINE ROW, STACK SQUARE, BLAENAVON<br />
Reference: 36837 National grid reference: SO25000923 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:DWELLING<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
SITE NAME NOT KNOWN<br />
Reference: 03412g National grid reference: SO248092 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Agriculture and Subsistence;Transport Type:STABLE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
SITE NAME NOT KNOWN<br />
Reference: 03404g National grid reference: SO248091 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:FITTERS WORKSHOP<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
SITE NAME NOT KNOWN<br />
Reference: 03398g National grid reference: SO248093 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Water Supply and Drainage Type:POND<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
SITE NAME NOT KNOWN<br />
Reference: 03386g National grid reference: SO248092 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:HOUSE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
SHEPHERD'S SQUARE, BLAENAVON<br />
Reference: 20834 National grid reference: SO24890907 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:DWELLING<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
0014021/JM/001 62
Torfaen County Borough Council<br />
<strong>REVIT</strong>: A Review of the Conservation of Industrial <strong>Heritage</strong> Assets on Brownfield Sites<br />
CHURCH ROAD, BEECHES'NURSING HOME;TY MAWR, BLAENAVON<br />
Reference: 306222 National grid reference: SO24960897 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.2<br />
Broadclass:Health and Welfare Type:HOSPITAL<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
NORTH STREET, UPLAND HOUSE, BLAENAVON<br />
Reference: 304443 National grid reference: SO25050924 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.2<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:COTTAGE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
BLAENAVON; BLAENAFON<br />
Reference: 33165 National grid reference: SO25000900 Period: General Distance: 0.2<br />
Broadclass:Civil Type:TOWN<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
BLAENAVON INDUSTRIAL LANDSCAPE PROJECT<br />
Reference: 88077 National grid reference: SO2509 Period: General Distance: 0.2<br />
Broadclass:Unassigned Type:PROJECT RECORD<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
LOWER BRICK YARD<br />
Reference: 03363g National grid reference: SO247091 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.2<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:BRICKWORKS<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
COALTAR WORKS<br />
Reference: 03378g National grid reference: SO249094 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.2<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:COAL TAR WORKS<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
CASTLE STREET, NOS. 1-5, BLAENAVON<br />
Reference: 305151 National grid reference: SO2509 Period: Post-Medieval Distance:<br />
0.2<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:TERRACE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
SITE NAME NOT KNOWN<br />
Reference: 03380g National grid reference: SO247092 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.2<br />
0014021/JM/001 63
Torfaen County Borough Council<br />
<strong>REVIT</strong>: A Review of the Conservation of Industrial <strong>Heritage</strong> Assets on Brownfield Sites<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:COLLIERY<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
CHURCH ROAD, TY MAWR;GREAT HOUSE, BLAENAVON<br />
Reference: 306219 National grid reference: SO24960897 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.2<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:DWELLING<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
CHURCH ROAD, GARDEN AND PARK TO TY MAWR (THE BEECHES),<br />
BLAENAVON<br />
Reference: 265939 National grid reference: SO24950896 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.2<br />
Broadclass:Gardens, Parks and Urban Spaces Type:GARDEN<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
GARN ROAD LIMEKILNS<br />
Reference: 03449g National grid reference: SO250094 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.2<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:LIME KILN<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
SITE NAME NOT KNOWN<br />
Reference: 03459g National grid reference: SO251093 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.2<br />
Broadclass:Unassigned Type:BUILDING<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
LOWER BRICK WORKS COTTAGES<br />
Reference: 03337g National grid reference: SO247091 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.2<br />
Broadclass:Domestic;Industrial Type:WORKERS COTTAGE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
PARK, THE, PARK COTTAGES, NOS. 1-3, BLAENAVON<br />
Reference: 304409 National grid reference: SO24910904 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.2<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:COTTAGE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
NORTH STREET FURNACES COKE OVEN<br />
Reference: 03379g National grid reference: SO249094 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.2<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:IRON WORKS<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
0014021/JM/001 64
Torfaen County Borough Council<br />
<strong>REVIT</strong>: A Review of the Conservation of Industrial <strong>Heritage</strong> Assets on Brownfield Sites<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
LOWER BRICK WORKS<br />
Reference: 03374g National grid reference: SO247091 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.2<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:BRICKWORKS<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
SITE NAME NOT KNOWN<br />
Reference: 03390g National grid reference: SO247092 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.2<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:HOUSE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
PARK, THE, PARK COTTAGES, NOS 1-3, BLAENAVON<br />
Reference: 304433 National grid reference: SO24910904 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.2<br />
Broadclass:Health and Welfare Type:BUILDING<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
LIMEKILN TIE<br />
Reference: 03451g National grid reference: SO250095 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.3<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:HOUSE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
LOWER WAUN STREET, NOS. 3-26, BLAENAVON<br />
Reference: 302436 National grid reference: SO25190907 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.3<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:BUILDING<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
VICTORIA ROW<br />
Reference: 03376g National grid reference: SO246093 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.3<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:HOUSE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
BLAENAVON SECONDARY SCHOOL<br />
Reference: 03461g National grid reference: SO251090 Period: Unknown Distance:<br />
0.3<br />
Broadclass:Education Type:SCHOOL<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
0014021/JM/001 65
Torfaen County Borough Council<br />
<strong>REVIT</strong>: A Review of the Conservation of Industrial <strong>Heritage</strong> Assets on Brownfield Sites<br />
PARK STREET, NO. 43, BLAENAVON<br />
Reference: 305076 National grid reference: SO25190905 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.3<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:TERRACE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
UPPER WAUN STREET, BLAENAVON<br />
Reference: 304496 National grid reference: SO25210910 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.3<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:SETTLEMENT<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
UPPER WAUN STREET, NOS. 3-24, BLAENAVON<br />
Reference: 304545 National grid reference: SO25210910 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.3<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:BUILDING<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
KING STREET, NOS. 19-22, BLAENAVON<br />
Reference: 304612 National grid reference: SO25240913 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.3<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:COTTAGE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
METHODIST CHURCH<br />
Reference: 03455g National grid reference: SO252091 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.3<br />
Broadclass:Religious, Ritual and Funerary Type:CHURCH<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
KING STREET, NOS. 19-22, BLAENAVON<br />
Reference: 304611 National grid reference: SO25240913 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.3<br />
Broadclass:Commercial Type:SHOP<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
BIBLE CHRISTIAN CHURCH<br />
Reference: 03454g National grid reference: SO252091 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.3<br />
Broadclass:Religious, Ritual and Funerary Type:CHURCH<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
0014021/JM/001 66
Torfaen County Borough Council<br />
<strong>REVIT</strong>: A Review of the Conservation of Industrial <strong>Heritage</strong> Assets on Brownfield Sites<br />
ST JAMES'CHURCH<br />
Reference: 03453g National grid reference: SO252093 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.3<br />
Broadclass:Religious, Ritual and Funerary Type:CHURCH<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
SMITHS FORGE<br />
Reference: 03400g National grid reference: SO248095 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.3<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:FORGE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
KING STREET, NOS. 50-54, BLAENAVON<br />
Reference: 302433 National grid reference: SO25200916 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.3<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:BUILDING<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
SITE NAME NOT KNOWN<br />
Reference: 03448g National grid reference: SO252093 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.3<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:BRICKWORKS<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
WAUN FIELD ESTATE, BLAENAVON<br />
Reference: 21096 National grid reference: SO252091 Period: Post-Medieval Distance:<br />
0.3<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:DWELLING<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
SITE NAME NOT KNOWN<br />
Reference: 03410g National grid reference: SO248095 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.3<br />
Broadclass:Transport Type:WEIGHBRIDGE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
WEST VIEW TERRACE<br />
Reference: 03389g National grid reference: SO246093 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.3<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:HOUSE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
COALTAR ROW<br />
Reference: 03401g National grid reference: SO248095 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.3<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:HOUSE<br />
0014021/JM/001 67
Torfaen County Borough Council<br />
<strong>REVIT</strong>: A Review of the Conservation of Industrial <strong>Heritage</strong> Assets on Brownfield Sites<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
KING STREET, NO. 23, AND NOS. 1-3 WHITE HORSE COTTAGES, BLAENAVON<br />
Reference: 303051 National grid reference: SO25220913 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.3<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:BUILDING<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
COALTAR ROW<br />
Reference: 03377g National grid reference: SO248095 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.3<br />
Broadclass:Unassigned Type:BUILDING<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
THE BEECHES NURSING HOME (FORMERLY TY MAWR)<br />
Reference: 04814g National grid reference: SO249089 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.3<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:COUNTRY HOUSE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
SITE NAME NOT KNOWN<br />
Reference: 03367g National grid reference: SO249095 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.3<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:HOUSE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
KING STREET, BLAENAVON<br />
Reference: 304499 National grid reference: SO25240913 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.3<br />
Broadclass:Transport Type:ROAD<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
KING STREET, DEAKIN'S ROW, BLAENAVON<br />
Reference: 306248 National grid reference: SO25200914 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.3<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:TERRACE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
ROLLING STOCK DEPOT<br />
Reference: 03405g National grid reference: SO246091 Period: Modern Distance: 0.3<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:RAILWAY WORKSHOP<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
RIVER ROW MIDDLE LEVEL<br />
0014021/JM/001 68
Torfaen County Borough Council<br />
<strong>REVIT</strong>: A Review of the Conservation of Industrial <strong>Heritage</strong> Assets on Brownfield Sites<br />
Reference: 03382g National grid reference: SO247090 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.3<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:COLLIERY<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
RIVER ROW<br />
Reference: 03370g National grid reference: SO247090 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.3<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:HOUSE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
QUICK BUILDINGS<br />
Reference: 03369g National grid reference: SO246093 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.3<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:HOUSE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
BLORENGE TUNNEL, HILL'S TRAMROAD<br />
Reference: 07834.1g National grid reference: SO272129 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.0<br />
Broadclass:Transport Type:TRAMWAY TUNNEL<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Monmouthshire Community:<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
BLORENGE TUNNEL, HILL'S TRAMROAD<br />
Reference: 91616 National grid reference: SO27201290 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.0<br />
Broadclass:Transport Type:TUNNEL<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Monmouthshire Community:Llanfoist Fawr<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
BLORENGE TUNNEL, HILL'S TRAMROAD<br />
Reference: MM275 National grid reference: SO272129 Period: Post-Medieval;Modern<br />
Distance: 0.0<br />
Broadclass:Transport Type:TRAMROAD<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Monmouthshire Community:Llanfoist Fawr<br />
Record Originator:Cadw<br />
HILL'S TRAMROAD, BLORENGE<br />
Reference: 07834.0g National grid reference: SO275128 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.3<br />
Broadclass:Transport Type:TRAMWAY<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Monmouthshire Community:Llanfoist Fawr<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
BRAKE ENGINE ON HILL PITS TRAMROAD INCLINE<br />
Reference: MM222 National grid reference: SO242098 Period: Post-Medieval;Modern<br />
Distance: 0.0<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:INDUSTRIAL MONUMENT<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Cadw<br />
0014021/JM/001 69
Torfaen County Borough Council<br />
<strong>REVIT</strong>: A Review of the Conservation of Industrial <strong>Heritage</strong> Assets on Brownfield Sites<br />
HILL PITS TRAMROAD INCLINE BRAKE ENGINE<br />
Reference: 04694g National grid reference: SO242098 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.0<br />
Broadclass:Transport Type:INCLINED PLANE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
HILL PITS INCLINED PLANE, BRAKE ENGINE HOUSE, BLAENAVON<br />
Reference: 88059 National grid reference: SO24280990 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Transport Type:ENGINE HOUSE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
INCLINE COTTAGE HOUSES<br />
Reference: 03394g National grid reference: SO243097 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:HOUSE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
AARON BRUTE'S IRON BRIDGE<br />
Reference: 04618g National grid reference: SO248088 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.0<br />
Broadclass:Transport Type:BRIDGE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
IRON BRIDGE NEAR BRUTES LEVEL<br />
Reference: 03332g National grid reference: SO248088 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.0<br />
Broadclass:Transport Type:BRIDGE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
AARON BRUTE'S LEVEL<br />
Reference: 03319g National grid reference: SO248088 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.0<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:ADIT<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
AARON BRUTE'S LEVEL AND IRON BRIDGE<br />
Reference: MM220 National grid reference: SO248088 Period: Post-Medieval;Modern<br />
Distance: 0.0<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:LEVEL<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Cadw<br />
AARON BRUTE'S LEVEL, BLAENAVON<br />
Reference: 307044 National grid reference: SO24820880 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.0<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:LEVEL<br />
0014021/JM/001 70
Torfaen County Borough Council<br />
<strong>REVIT</strong>: A Review of the Conservation of Industrial <strong>Heritage</strong> Assets on Brownfield Sites<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
AFON LWYD BRIDGE<br />
Reference: 03333g National grid reference: SO248088 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.0<br />
Broadclass:Transport Type:BRIDGE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
AARON BRUTE'S IRON BRIDGE, BLAENAVON<br />
Reference: 307045 National grid reference: SO24850882 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Transport Type:RAILWAY BRIDGE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
BRUTES ROW AND LAMBS ROW<br />
Reference: 03327g National grid reference: SO247087 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:HOUSE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
BRUTE'S ROW, NOS. 1 (LAMB COTTAGE)-6, BLAENAVON<br />
Reference: 309679 National grid reference: SO24730874 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:TERRACED HOUSING<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
GARN DDYRYS<br />
Reference: 02159g National grid reference: SO258118 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.0<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:IRON WORKS<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Monmouthshire Community:<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
LOWER POND, GARNDDYRYS FORGE, BLORENGE<br />
Reference: 91630 National grid reference: SO25761181 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.0<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:RESERVOIR<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Monmouthshire Community:Llanfoist Fawr<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
GARNDDYRYS IRONWORKS (SITE OF) AND ADJACENT TRAMWAY<br />
Reference: MM189 National grid reference: SO258118 Period: Post-Medieval;Modern<br />
Distance: 0.0<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:INDUSTRIAL MONUMENT<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Monmouthshire Community:Llanfoist Fawr<br />
Record Originator:Cadw<br />
0014021/JM/001 71
Torfaen County Borough Council<br />
<strong>REVIT</strong>: A Review of the Conservation of Industrial <strong>Heritage</strong> Assets on Brownfield Sites<br />
GAMDYRYS<br />
Reference: 03499g National grid reference: SO257119 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:HOUSE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Monmouthshire Community:Llanfoist Fawr<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
PUDDLING FURNACES, GARNDDYRYS FORGE, BLORENGE<br />
Reference: 91627 National grid reference: SO25811193 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:FURNACE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Monmouthshire Community:Llanfoist Fawr<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
PWLL DU TRAMROAD TUNNEL SOUTHERN APPROACH<br />
Reference: MM223 National grid reference: SO248096 Period: Post-Medieval;Modern<br />
Distance: 0.0<br />
Broadclass:Transport Type:INDUSTRIAL MONUMENT<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Cadw<br />
COALTAR ROW<br />
Reference: 03377g National grid reference: SO248095 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Unassigned Type:BUILDING<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
COALTAR ROW<br />
Reference: 03401g National grid reference: SO248095 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:HOUSE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
GARN ROAD MAGAZINE, BLAENAVON<br />
Reference: 88060 National grid reference: SO24670963 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:BUILDING<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of<br />
Wales<br />
CWMDYFON COLLIERY<br />
Reference: 03360g National grid reference: SO249097 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
Broadclass:Industrial Type:COLLIERY<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
MACHINE HOUSES<br />
Reference: 03391g National grid reference: SO249095 Period: Post-Medieval<br />
Distance: 0.1<br />
0014021/JM/001 72
Torfaen County Borough Council<br />
<strong>REVIT</strong>: A Review of the Conservation of Industrial <strong>Heritage</strong> Assets on Brownfield Sites<br />
Broadclass:Domestic Type:HOUSE<br />
Pre 74 County:Monmouthshire County:Torfaen Community:Blaenavon<br />
Record Originator:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust<br />
0014021/JM/001 73
Torfaen County Borough Council<br />
<strong>REVIT</strong>: A Review of the Conservation of Industrial <strong>Heritage</strong> Assets on Brownfield Sites<br />
APPENDIX 2:<br />
Medway Council Inventory of Sites: Chatham Historic Dockyard<br />
HMS Pembroke, the Royal Naval Barracks at Chatham was built between the<br />
Steam Yard and Brompton barracks in the early years of the 20 th century.<br />
No. 2 Dry Dock, 1856 is a Scheduled Ancient Monument and Grade II* Listed and<br />
house HMS Cavalier, the Royal Navy’s last operational Second World War destroyer.<br />
No. 3 Dry Dock 1820 is a Scheduled Ancient Monument and Grade II* Listed and<br />
Chatham’s first dry docks to be built of stone by John Rennie in 1820 along with the<br />
South Dock Pumping Station. It houses HM Submarine Ocelot, the last warship built<br />
for the Royal Navy.<br />
No. 4 Dry Dock, c 1840 is a Scheduled Ancient Monument and Grade II Listed was<br />
rebuilt and enlarged in 1908-10 it houses the restored Victorian naval sloop, HMS<br />
Gannet (1878);<br />
South Dock Pumping Station, 1822 is a Scheduled Ancient Monument and Grade<br />
II* Listed was designed by John Rennie. The Pumping Station was used to pump<br />
water out of all three docks and back to the river. The original steam beam engine was<br />
replaced by an electric pump in 1929. It remains in use today.<br />
No. 3 Covered Slip, 1838 is a Scheduled Ancient Monument and Grade I Listed, built<br />
for the Royal Navy, at the time of its construction it was one of the world’s largest<br />
timber span structures. In 1901 an internal steel mezzanine was added when the slip<br />
was adapted for use as a boat store<br />
Nos. 4, 5 and 6 Covered Slips 1847-48 are Scheduled Ancient Monuments and<br />
Grade I Listed. They are a range of three identical early cast iron slip covers with<br />
corrugated iron roof sheeting. It houses the RNLI’s collection of Historic Lifeboats.<br />
No. 7 Covered Slip, 1855 is a Scheduled Ancient Monument and Grade I Listed. It<br />
was last of the slips to be built and covered and its cast and wrought iron frame is one<br />
of the earliest examples of a modern trussed roof and significant for introduction of<br />
integral overhead travelling crane rails. It now houses HM submarine Ocelot, the last<br />
warship built for the Royal Navy at Chatham and now preserved at the Historic<br />
Dockyard was launched.<br />
Sail and Colour Loft, 1723 is a Scheduled Ancient Monument and Grade II* and one<br />
of the Historic Dockyard’s earliest surviving buildings, it was erected for the sailmakers<br />
and used to make and repair the sails of ships built and repaired at Chatham.<br />
Mast Houses and Mould Loft 1753-58 is a Scheduled Ancient Monument and Grade<br />
I containing a range of seven timber framed mast houses, built largely from reused<br />
warship timbers. Today the building houses the Wooden Walls gallery.<br />
Wheelwrights Shop, c 1786 is a Scheduled Ancient Monument and Grade II* it was<br />
built as a three bay Mast House. Beneath the floor lay the Mary Rose warship. The<br />
Wheelwrights Shop houses the Historic Dockyard’s restaurant.<br />
Lead and Paint Mill, 1817-19 is a scheduled Ancient Monument and Grade I was<br />
designed by Edward Holl, as a fireproof construction and incorporated a beam engine.<br />
House Carpenters Shop, 1740 is a Scheduled Ancient Monument and Grade II was<br />
built for the carpenters who looked after the dockyard’s own buildings. The building<br />
now forms part of a series of craft workshops.<br />
Timber Seasoning Sheds, 1774 is a Scheduled Ancient Monument and Grade II*<br />
built to provide to store and season wood before use. The seasoning sheds are<br />
probably the first standardised industrial buildings to be erected in large numbers in<br />
Britain.<br />
The Joiners Shop, 1789 is a Scheduled Ancient Monument and Grade II* a twostorey<br />
building to provide an workshop for the making of treenails, oak pins used to<br />
‘nail’ ships’ timbers together.<br />
0014021/JM/001 74
Torfaen County Borough Council<br />
<strong>REVIT</strong>: A Review of the Conservation of Industrial <strong>Heritage</strong> Assets on Brownfield Sites<br />
The Brunel Saw Mills, 1814 is a Scheduled Ancient Monument and Grade I. the<br />
building that was to revolutionised timber preparation in the Dockyard. Designed by<br />
Marc Brunel it provided a mechanised approach to the whole process with steam<br />
power and reciprocating sawing machines linked by an overhead travelling crane<br />
system to timber storage yards and by underground canal to the South Mast Pond.<br />
The Ropery, 1786-91 is a Scheduled Ancient Monument and Grade I. The buildings<br />
of the Ropery form one of the finest integrated groups of 18th Century manufacturing<br />
buildings in Britain. Machinery dating from 1811 remains in regular use and on<br />
display to visitors.<br />
Hemp Houses and Spinning Room 1729- 1814 are a Scheduled Ancient Monument<br />
and Grade II*. They were built to provide storage space for hemp for ropemaking.<br />
The buildings retain many of their original fittings including much of their timber<br />
panelling.<br />
Hatchelling House 1786-91 is a Scheduled Ancient Monument and Grade II*. It is<br />
located at the north end of the Double Ropehouse and used by the Ropeyard’s<br />
hatchellers to comb the hemp fibres to straighten them before spinning.<br />
Yarn Houses, 1786-91 are a Scheduled Ancient Monument and Grade II* . The three<br />
buildings were used to store newly spun hemp yarns, a Tarring House, where the yarn<br />
was dipped in molten yarn for rot proofing and the Black Yarn House where the tarred<br />
yarn was dried prior to being returned to the Double Ropehouse to be formed into<br />
strand.<br />
No 1 Smithery 1808 is a Scheduled Ancient Monument and Grade I. The Smithery<br />
was built for the use of iron in ship building. The building is now the last structure at<br />
Chatham in need of significant restoration and is on English <strong>Heritage</strong>’s list of historic<br />
buildings ‘at risk’.<br />
No 1 Machine Shop, c 1860 is a Grade II* consisting of two single storey adjoining<br />
workshops, constructed to house the new machine tools introduced to the Dockyard<br />
for the construction of HMS Achilles, the first iron battleship to be built in a Royal<br />
Dockyard.<br />
The Clocktower Building 1723 is a Scheduled Ancient Monument and Grade II* and<br />
the oldest naval storehouse to survive in any of the Royal Dockyards, it dates from the<br />
reorganisation of the yard in the 1720’s. Built as a ‘present use store’ for materials and<br />
equipment needed by ships under construction and repair its top floor was used as a<br />
Mould Loft and the six ground floor bays at the north end of the structure were left<br />
open and used as saw pits. The Clocktower Building is now the Bridgewarden’s<br />
College of the University of Kent<br />
Anchor Wharf Storehouses 1778 – 1805 is a Scheduled Ancient Monument and<br />
Grade I consisting of two great storehouses on Anchor Wharf. At nearly 700 feet long<br />
(210 metres) it is the largest storehouse built for the Royal Navy in Britain. Together<br />
with surviving examples in Portsmouth they are some of the most significant examples<br />
of early industrial warehousing in Europe. The Fitted Rigging House and Storehouse<br />
No. 2 now houses the Museum of The Royal Dockyard<br />
Lower Boat House c.1820 is a Scheduled Ancient Monument and Grade II*. It was<br />
constructed during the early years of the 19th century as a shed for sided (squared)<br />
timber it later became a storehouse for ships’ boats.<br />
The Commissioners House, 1704 is a Scheduled Ancient Monument and Grade I is<br />
the oldest naval building to survive intact it was built for the Resident Commissioner,<br />
his family and servants. The building became the residence of the Port Admiral. The<br />
garden is open to visitors.<br />
Officers Terrace 1722-1733 is a Scheduled Ancient Monument and Grade I. It<br />
contains a terrace of 12 houses erected for the senior officers of the Dockyard.<br />
Captain of the Dockyard’s House c.1895 is a Scheduled Ancient Monument and<br />
Grade II* Listed. It was built as the residence of the Admiral Superintendent’s staff<br />
captain.<br />
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Main Gate, 1722 is a Scheduled Ancient Monument and Grade II*. As one of the<br />
earliest surviving buildings on site the gate had a dual function, providing both an<br />
entry point to the dockyard through the dockyard wall as well as accommodation for<br />
the Yard Porter and Boatswain of the Yard.<br />
Assistant Queens Harbourmasters Office, c1770 is a Scheduled Ancient<br />
Monument and Grade II overlooking the River, next to the Queen’s Stairs, the official<br />
entry point to the Dockyard it provided office accommodation of the Dockyard’s two<br />
Master Attendants.<br />
Guard House 1764 is a Scheduled Ancient Monument and Grade II* for the marines<br />
who guarded the dockyard and used as the Guard House until the yard’s closure in<br />
1984.<br />
Admirals Offices, 1808 is a Scheduled Ancient Monument and Grade II*. It was built<br />
to provide offices for the Master Shipwright and other principal officers of the<br />
dockyard, the building was designed by Edward Holl.<br />
Royal Dockyard Church, 1810 is a Scheduled Ancient Monument and Grade II*.<br />
The Church was designed by Edward Holl and built largely by the dockyard’s own<br />
labour force. It has an internal gallery supported on cast iron pillars, one of the first<br />
uses of cast iron in the yard<br />
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<strong>REVIT</strong>: A Review of the Conservation of Industrial <strong>Heritage</strong> Assets on Brownfield Sites<br />
APPENDIX 3:<br />
Nantes Metropole Inventory of Sites: Ile de Nantes<br />
La Gare de l’Etat (State Railway Station), Boulevard de la Prairie au Duc a 19th<br />
century regional railway station. Redundant in 1994 was completely refurbished and<br />
extended by two new wings, providing 9,000 m 2 of floorspace. Now the headquarters<br />
of the Shipbuilding Trade Union and boat-building and repair businesses.<br />
Les Manufacture des Tabacs in Boulevard de Stalingrad, which was constructed<br />
in 1857 and closed in 1974. The building was refurbished in 1983 and re-modelled.<br />
The factory became the centre of municipal functions.<br />
Enterprise Guillouard, 15 Boulevard des Martyrs nantais des la Resistance,<br />
constructed in 1910 to manufacture of household goods (articles de ménage).<br />
Originally 35000m 2 , the use continues today in 10,000m 2 .<br />
Atlantique Bretagne Combustilble (ABC), Rue de Guyane<br />
Origin in importing coal. ABC began in 1893 became an importation coalyard.<br />
Still survives in 2002.<br />
BN Biscuiterie nantaise, Place Francois II, Rue de La Tour d’ Auvergne.<br />
Founded 1896 to produce biscuits, activity ceased in 1968 and is now refurbished and<br />
occupied by La Poste.<br />
Societe nantaise des engrais, 1 Rue de Senegal<br />
Production of fertilliser.<br />
Site des differentes usines d’engrais (fertiliser): Quay Francois Mitterrand.<br />
In 1891 the Eugene Avril and Gustave Fiteau’s started production fertiliser chemical.<br />
The house was built as the house of Andre Avril in 1925 is in the style of the<br />
Directoire. It closed in 1970. Some of the associated hangars have been re-used.<br />
Les indiennes: Rue Grande Biesse, Petit Biesse and quarter du Vertais.<br />
Indian Fabric production. Today no trace remains of this building remains.<br />
Church of Saint Madeleine one of a number of churches in the area.<br />
L’ile de la Prairie au Duc, in 1883 the Boulevard was created east-west road and<br />
north-south roads as rues Alain-Barbe Torte, rue Arthur III. A third north-south road in<br />
the east linked the shipyards and railway station.<br />
Les Foundaries de l’ Atlantique, 13 Boulevard Vincent Gache.<br />
The origin of the foundries date back to 1907-8 when the borthers Babin-Chevaye<br />
took over an old tannery sites. The foundry specialised in the fabrication of valves and<br />
fittings.<br />
In 1918 they merged with the Nante Foundaries sites. In 1937 they became devoted<br />
to naval production and Fabrication of propellers. In 1980s production of propellers<br />
continued when it became the Fonderie Atlantique Industrie.<br />
The Nantes foundries site with three former furnaces dating from 1930s and 60s<br />
including the steel gantries and a moving crane. The industrial heritage including the<br />
furnaces of foundries and some spans of the nave survive<br />
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The site consists of:<br />
• a large building of 1921, in a poor condition and with little hope of restoration;<br />
• a market of 1937; and<br />
• a market last part of 1952.<br />
Today the foundaries remain, as the only trace of this industrial heritage in that part of<br />
the island.<br />
In 2001 it was proposed for demolition, but La DRAC asked for the retention of the 3<br />
furnaces 1937 and recommended conservation. To be transformed into a sheltered<br />
garden.<br />
The Alston Site: Rue la Tour d’Auvergne.<br />
A former foundry of Voruz family forming the Workshops and Shipyards of Brittany<br />
The centre of the site was occupied in 1893 by the Chantiers (Shipyard) Oriolle and<br />
after liquated the Chantiers (Shipyard) Brosse and Fouche. The Voruz family needed<br />
to expand their production and created, in 1840, a new foundry on the Prairie au Duc<br />
of 22,00m 2 of land. In 1909 the business was dissolved as Voruz and sons and<br />
became Ateliers et Chantiers de Bretange (ABC).<br />
The Erdre Canal: runs from Nantes to Brest. There are number of statues, and<br />
castiron levels on the banks of the canal de l’Erdre and the bridge de l’Eluse, and the<br />
1885 bridge de la Motte built by the Voruz family as part of the Alston site.<br />
The port hangars of the Antilles quay (18, 20, 31, and 32).<br />
The idea is to propose an economic value for the port heritage by developing activities<br />
attractive to the economy and uses as public entertainment space and re-use as<br />
restaurants, artists and commercial centre for nautical centre.<br />
Transporter Bridge, Pont Anne de Bretagne<br />
In constructed in 1903 from Fosee quay to the left bank of river Loire. 76m high and<br />
extending to 141m, it was suspended from cables and rails on pylons. Electrically<br />
powered. The piles of the bridge are today put to a valuable use as the piers for the<br />
quay Francois Mitterrand.<br />
Historic shipyards<br />
The three main sites are:<br />
• Les Ateliers (Workshops) et Chantiers (Shipyards) de la Loire, (ACL) 1881 ;<br />
• Les Chantiers Dubigeon, 18 th century and 1914; and<br />
• Les Ateliers(Workshops) et Chantiers (Shipyards) de Bretagne, 1895 (ACB).<br />
The shipyards were important in WWI up to WWII.<br />
Ateliers et Chantiers de Nantes began conversion in 1994.<br />
The workshops and shipyards are re-used for a technology centre, centre of history of<br />
work, the history of the navy and an inter-cultural centre with a permanent university.<br />
The Dubigeon shipyard there are three large industrial workshops. Dubigeon is aa<br />
important symbol of the area’s industrial heritage.<br />
The Slipways<br />
The slips are the main element of the site for fabricating boats.<br />
• Slipway No. 1 for submarines.<br />
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• Slipway No. 1 for part of ACL 1914 to 1918 boats.<br />
• Slipway No. 3 to be restored and re-used submarines.<br />
The submarine slipways have been designated for shipbuilding and repair.<br />
The Titan Crane<br />
A large crane dated to 1956, used in ship yards production<br />
Les Naves: boiler making workshops, Boulevard Leon Bureau<br />
The 3 naves constructed in 1904 and 1920 as part of the ACL for construction of large<br />
boilers. Some of the last remaining industrial elements on the site.<br />
The quaysides of the area will be renewed and breakwaters around the area lowered<br />
to improve vistas and pontoons with moorings established to revitalise the port<br />
function.<br />
President Wilson’s quay, on the southern bank of the island, will include the creation<br />
of a centre for popular music in an old factory of ice.<br />
François-Mitterrand quay to be used for residential buildings with a new school of<br />
architecture.<br />
François-Blancho quay has been refurbished as a public space.<br />
Les quais des Antilles and Wilson and cranes<br />
The Wilson quay is today used for diverse merchandise e.g metal working, sugar<br />
refining. It has 6 cranes. Crane No. 54 dates from 1932 and is now abandoned. The<br />
Maurice Bertin hangar, of 1930, is used as the main warehouse.<br />
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<strong>REVIT</strong>: A Review of the Conservation of Industrial <strong>Heritage</strong> Assets on Brownfield Sites<br />
APPENDIX 4:<br />
City of Heneglo Inventory of Sites: Hart van Zuid/Stork-Dikkers<br />
National Monuments:<br />
• the Wilhelmina school at Industriestraat 9;<br />
• the fire station (building 33) at Lansinkesweg 59;<br />
• and the 'Wapen van Hengelo'building (originally the Verenigingsgebouw or<br />
Association Building) at Berfloweg 1.<br />
Communal Monument status sites:<br />
• the boiler house and factory chimney at Industriestraat; and<br />
• the Stork Pompen building at Lansinkesweg.<br />
Proposed sites for Communal Monument status:<br />
• the office building on the corner of Industrieplein and Industriestraat;<br />
• the Stork Hijsch building;<br />
• the adjacent factory hall at Industriestraat;<br />
• the porter's lodge at Industriestraat;<br />
• the Storkgieterij (Foundry); and<br />
• the water reservoir at Lansinkesweg.<br />
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