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Thermal and Mechanical Properties of WF/Talc-filled PLA Composites 221 (a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 6. SEM images of the composites: (a) PLA60%/WF40%; (b) PLA80%/WF20%; (c) PP60%/WF30%/Talc10%; (d) PLA59%/WF30%/Talc10%/silane1% composites. Morphological Properties The SEM photomicrographs of the composites with PLA (80% and 60 wt%), WF (20 and 40 wt%), talc(10 wt%), and silane(1 wt%) prepared by the compounding are shown in Figure 6. The compounding method led to a uniform distribution of WF in the PLA matrix. The system without silane treatment showed a poor compatibility between the PLA matrix and WF. The surface of WF particle was believed to be delaminated from the PLA matrix, and micro-size voids were formed during tensile testing. The use of silane treatment significantly improved the compatibility, leading to less filler-matrix debonding. CONCLUSIONS This work examined the effects of WF, talc, and silane on thermal and mechanical properties of PLA/WF/talc composites. The thermal decomposition temperature of the PLA/WF composites decreased as the Downloaded from http://jtc.sagepub.com at KAIST GRADUATE SCHOOL OF MGMT on April 27, 2008 © 2008 SAGE Publications. All rights reserved. Not for commercial use or unauthorized distribution.
222 S.-Y. LEE ET AL. content of WF increased. The DT p of hybrids with talc was 5–88C lower than that of hybrids without talc. The loading of 1 wt% silane to PLA/WF/talc composites led to a higher thermal decomposition temperature than that of 3 wt% silane. As WF loading into the PLA increased, the T g of the composites. The addition of talc to PLA/WF hybrids also lowered the T g . The addition of WF/talc to neat PLA decreased the T c slightly. The addition of 1 wt% silane to PLA/WF/talc showed a similar or higher T c compared to that of 3 wt% silane. The application of WF, talc, and silane to PLA decreased the X c of composites. The tensile modulus of PLA/WF composites was similar or lower than that of neat PLA. The loading of talc and 1 wt% silane to PLA/WF composites improved the tensile modulus. The tensile strength of the composites decreased slightly with the addition of talc (compared to neat PLA strength), but it was considerably improved with the use of 1 wt% silane. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would like to especially thank Jin-Seong Kim of the Korea University and thank Dr Jong-Bae Lee of the Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology for their help with DSC and SEM analysis. REFERENCES 1. Yang, H.S., Kim, H.J., Park, H.J., Lee, B.J. and Hwang, T.S. (2004). Rice-husk Filled Polypropylene Composites; Mechanical and Morphological Study, Composite Structures, 63: 305–312. 2. Lee, S.Y., Yang, H.S., Kim, H.J., Jeong, C.S., Lim, B.S. and Lee, J.N. (2004). Creep Behavior and Manufacturing Paramenters of Wood Flour Filled Polypropylene Composites, Composite Structures, 65: 459–469. 3. Yu, L., Dean, K. and Li, L. (2006). Polymer Blends and Composites from Renewable Resources, Progress in Polymer Science, 31: 576–602. 4. Mohanty, A.K., Misra, M. and Hinrichsen, G. (2000). Biofibers, Biodegradable Polymers and Biocomposites, An Overview, Macromolecular Material Engineering, 276/277: 1–24. 5. Raya, S.S., Yamada, K., Okamoto, M. and Ueda, K. (2003). New Polylactide-layered Silicate Nanocomposites. 2. Concurrent Improvements of Material Properties, Biodegradability and Melt Rheology, Polymer, 44: 857–866. 6. Iannace, S., Ali, R. and Nicolais, L. (2001). Biodegradation of aliphatic Polyester Composites Reinforced with Abaca Fiber, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 79: 1084–1091. 7. Eichhorn, S.J., Baillie, C.A., Zafeiropoulos, N., Mwaikambo, L.Y., Ansell, M.P. and Dufresne, A. (2001). Current International Research into Cellulosic Fibres and Composites, Journal of Material Science, 36(9): 2107–2131. 8. Mathew, A.P. and Dufresne, A. (2002). Morphological Investigation of Nanocomposites from Sorbitol Plasticized Starch and Tunicin Whiskers, Biomacromolecules, 3: 609–617. 9. Morin, A. and Dufresne, A. (2002). Nanocomposites of Chitin Whiskers from Riftia Tubes and Poly(caprolactone), Macromolecules, 35(6): 2190–2199. 10. Huda, M.S., Drzal, L.T., Mohanty, A.K. and Misra, M. (2006). Chopped Glass and Recycled Newspaper as Reinforced Fibers in Injection Molded Downloaded from http://jtc.sagepub.com at KAIST GRADUATE SCHOOL OF MGMT on April 27, 2008 © 2008 SAGE Publications. All rights reserved. Not for commercial use or unauthorized distribution.
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