Abstracts (PDF) - Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory

Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory Reports 

No. 60 

38th Annual European Meeting on Atmospheric Studies by Optical 

Methods 

Siuntio, Finland, 22–26 August 2011 

Abstract book 

Carl-Fredrik Enell, editor 

17th August 2011

38th Annual European Meeting on Atmospheric Studies by Optical Methods

4 

Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory Reports No. 60 

38 AM Abstract book

38th Annual European Meeting on Atmospheric Studies by Optical Methods 

Siuntio, Finland, 22–26 August 2011 

Abstract book

6 

Carl-Fredrik Enell (ed.) 


c○ University of Oulu, Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory 2011 

ISSN: 0359-3657 

ISBN: 978-951-42-9494-5 (PDF) 

University of Oulu, Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory 

Tähteläntie 62, FIN-99600 Sodankylä, Finland 

Typeset by the editor in L A TEX 

Cover photo c○ Carl-Fredrik Enell 2008 


38 AM Abstract book

7 

38th Annual European Meeting on 

Atmospheric Studies by Optical Methods 

Optical methods have been used for studies of the atmosphere for centuries. A wealth of information about the 

whole atmosphere, from the troposphere to the thermosphere, can be obtained by active or passive optical measurements. 

Recent technological developments have also opened up a panorama of new possibilities for high-resolution 

measurements and measurements coordinated with other types of instruments. The Annual European Meetings on 

Atmospheric Studies by Optical Methods bring together scientists from Europe as well as from other parts of the 

world to exchange experience, share scientific results, and plan and coordinate future experiments. 

We have the honour and pleasure to organise the 38th meeting in the series at Siuntio Spa, Finland, during 

August 22–26 2011. 

Scientific Programme Committee 

Kirsti Kauristie (chair), Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland 

Anita Aikio, University of Oulu, Finland 

Kari Kaila, University of Oulu, Finland 

Erkki Kyrölä, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland 

Robert Lowe, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada 

Tom McElroy, Environment Canada, Canada 

Vladimir Safargaleev, Polar Geophysical Institute, Apatity, Russia 

Georg Witt, Stockholm University, Sweden 

Local Organisation Committee 

Noora Partamies (chair), Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland 

Carl-Fredrik Enell (co-chair, webmaster), Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory, University of Oulu, Sodankylä, 

Finland 

Kirsi Kari (secr.), Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland 

Kari Kaila, University of Oulu, Finland 

Laureline Sangalli, Royal Military College, Kingston, Ontario, Canada 

Thomas Ulich, Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory, University of Oulu, Sodankylä, Finland 

http://www.sgo.fi/38AM/abstracts/38am-abstracts.pdf 17th August 2011

8 

In memoriam: Ingrid Sandahl, 1949–2011 

The meeting is dedicated to the memory of Professor Ingrid Sandahl, who was an active member of the optical 

auroral research community, and sadly passed away during the preparations for the meeting. 


38 AM Abstract book

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Contents 

38th Annual European Meeting on Atmospheric Studies by Optical Methods 7 

Contents 9 

Sponsors 13 

List of optical meetings 14 

Programme 15 

Posters 16 

Social programme 17 

Abstracts 19 

Aerosols in the atmosphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 

Aaltonen, Veijo; Rodriguez, Edith; Mielonen, Tero; Sogacheva, Larisa; Lihavainen, Heikki; 

Aalto, Pasi; Arola, Antti; de Leeuw, Gerrit: Effects of the Russian forest fires over 

Finland in summer 2010. Poster presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 

Cachorro, Victoria; Toledano, Carlos; Gausa, Michael; Stebel, Kerstin; Aaltonen, Veijo; 

Berjón, Alberto; Ortiz de Galisteo, J. Pablo; Bennouna, Yasmine; Blindheim, Sandra; 

de Frutos, Angel M.; Myhre, Cathrine Lund; Zibordi, Giuseppe; Wehrli, Christoph; 

Kratzer, Sussane; Håkansson, Bertil; Carlund, Thomas; de Leeuw, Gerrit; Herber, 

Andreas; Torres, Benjamin: Characterization of columnar atmospheric aerosols: 

Special focus in Scandinavian area. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 

Kannel, Martin; Ohvril, Hanno; Okulov, Oleg: A shortcut from broadband to spectral 

aerosol optical depth. Poster presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 

Hannukainen, Meri; Rodriguez, Edith; Sofiev, Michael; Kolmonen, Pekka; Sundström, Anu- 

Maija; Sogacheva, Larisa; de Leeuw, Gerrit: Megacities inventory base on optical 

properties, using satellite and SILAM model results. Poster presentation . . . . . . 26 

Ionosphere, mesosphere and lower thermosphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 

Nikolaishvili, Sergey; Belyaev, Alexey: An enhancement of the airglow brightness by the 

gravity waves. Poster presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 

Chernouss, Sergey; Platov, Yuly; Alpatov, Victor; Uspensky, Mikhail: Optical signatures 

of rocket exhaust phenomena in Arctic atmosphere. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . 30 

Dyrland, Margit Elisabet; Sigernes, Fred: Using Airglow observations in high-latitude 

climate studies. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 

Enell, Carl-Fredrik; Gustavsson, Björn; Sergienko, Tima; Verronen, Pekka. T; Hedin, Jonas; 

Witt, Georg; Brändström, Urban; Rydesäter, Peter: Subsidence of thermospheric 

air observed by the Hotel Payload 2 measurements on January 31, 2008. Oral presentation 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 

Hoppe, Ulf-Peter: What can we learn about upper mesosphere dynamics by four-dimensional 

lidar measurements?. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 


10 

Lorentzen, D.A.; Johnsen, M.G.: The dayside open closed field line boundary - a statistical 

study using ground-based optics. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 

McCarthy, Dean; Mulligan, Frank; Mooney, Priscilla: Implementing a chemical scheme for 

OH* in the University College London CMAT2 3D Global Model. Oral presentation 35 

Medvedeva, Irina; Chernigovskaya, Marina; Perminov, Vladimir; Semenov, Anatoly: Study 

on the impact of sudden stratospheric warmings in mid-latitude MLT region according 

to ground-based and satellite temperature measurements. Oral presentation . . 36 

Mulligan, Frank J.; Lowe, Robert P.: Gravity wave characteristics measured in Ireland by 

UWOSCR during the 2010-2011 NDMC campaign. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . 37 

Semenov, Anatoly: Longitudinal variations of the atmospheric temperature at altitudes of 

lower thermosphere on the characteristics of the 557.7 nm atomic oxygen emission. 

Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 

Taylor, Michael; Zhao, Yucheng; Pautet, Pierre-Dominique; Pendleton Jr., William: How 

to Use Airglow Measurements in Atmospheric Wave Activity Studies. Oral presentation 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 

Aurora . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 

Aikio, Anita: Nighttime auroras for remote sensing of magnetospheric processes. Oral 

presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 

Andalsvik, Yngvild Linnea; Sandholt, Per Even; Farrugia, Charles J. : Ground - satellite 

observations of dynamics of the magnetosphere - ionosphere system during the 

Superstorm on Nov. 20, 2003. Poster presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 

Axelsson, Katarina; Sergienko, Tima; Brändström, Urban: Statistical study of temporal 

and spatial variations in diffuse aurora. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 

Belakhovsky, Vladimir; Kozlovsky, Alexander; Pilipenko, Slava: The morning auroral arcs 

associated with Pc5 geomagnetic pulsations. Poster presentation . . . . . . . . . . . 46 

Chernouss, Sergey: Ideas of Lomonosov in field of auroral research. Oral presentation . . . 47 

Dahlgren, Hanna: On small-scale aurora. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 

Donovan, Eric: The Magnetospheric Drivers of Aurora. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . 49 

Gustavsson, Björn; Tuttle, Sam; Dahlgren, Hanna; Lanchester, Betty; Ivchenko, Nickolay: 

Optical Measurements of F-region Ion-Convection. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . 50 

Gustavsson, Björn; Dahlgren, Hanna; Lanchester, Betty; Ivchenko, Nickolay: On Filamentation 

and Anti-Filamentation of Auroral Arcs . Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . 51 

Vorobjev, V. G.; Yagodkina, O. I. ; Katkalov, Yu. V.; Kirillov, A. S.: Planetary distribution 

of auroral luminosity inferred from APM. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 

Kauristie, Kirsti; Kleimenova, Nataly ; Kozyreva, Olga; Uspensky, Mikhail; Vlasov, Alexey: 

A case study about the connection of optical auroral activity and geomagnetic Pc5 

pulsations. Poster presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 

Kozelov, Boris; Golovchanskaya, Irina; Mingalev, Oleg: Inverse cascade in the auroral 

structure and numerical model of current filaments. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . 54 

Kozelov, Boris: Multi-scale auroral observations in Apatity: equipment and preliminary 

results. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 

Partamies, Noora; Kauristie, Kirsti; Ketola, Anneli; Mattanen, Jyrki; Mäkinen, Sanna: 

Long-term changes in the auroral occurrence in Finland and Svalbard. Poster presentation 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 

Partamies, Noora; Sangalli, Laureline; Gustavsson, Björn; Syrjäsuo, Mikko; Donovan, Eric; 

Connors, Martin; Charrois, Dan; Kryzanowsky, Zane: On tomography-like reconstruction 

from colour auroral images. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 

Frissell, Nathaniel A.; Reistad, Jone Peter; Partamies, Noora; Lorentzen, Dag: Characteristic 

energy in an auroral Spiral. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 

Roldugin, Valentin; Roldugin, Alexey; Pilgaev, Sergey: Pc2 auroral pulsations. Poster 

presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 

Sangalli, Laureline; Gustavsson, Björn; Partamies, Noora; Kauristie, Kirsti: Event Study 

of the Peak Auroral Emission Altitude from All-sky Images. Oral presentation . . . 60 


38 AM Abstract book

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Sergienko, Tima; Axelsson, Katarina; Gustavsson, Björn; Sandahl, Ingrid; Brändström, Urban: 

Multi-station optical study of substorm breakup auroral arcs. Oral presentation 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 

Sigernes, Fred; Dyrland, Margit; Brekke, Pål; Chernouss, Sergey; Lorentzen, Dag Arne; 

Oksavik, Kjellmar; Deehr, Charles: Two methods to forecast auroral displays. Oral 

presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 

Simon Wedlund, Cyril; Lamy, Hervé; Barthélemy, Mathieu; Lilensten, Jean; Gronoff, Guillaume; 

López Ariste, Arturo; Bommier, Véronique: Polarisation of emission lines in 

upper atmospheres of planets. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 

Simon Wedlund, Cyril; Lamy, Hervé; Gustavsson, Björn; Sergienko, Tima; Brändström, Urban: 

3D reconstruction of N + 2 and OI auroral emissions using the Auroral Large 

Imaging System (ALIS). Poster presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 

Whiter, Daniel; Partamies, Noora; Sangalli, Laureline: Statistical study of the peak auroral 

emission height using the MIRACLE all-sky camera network. Oral presentation . . 65 

Troposphere and stratosphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 

Sofieva, Viktoria: Studying gravity waves and turbulence in the stratosphere using satellite 

observations of stellar scintillation. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 

Radiation and atmospheric components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 

Bennouna, Yasmine; Ortiz de Galisteo, Jose Pablo; Cachorro, Victoria; Toledano, Carlos; 

Berjón, Alberto; Fuertes, David; Gonzalez, Ramiro; Torres, Benjamin; Marcos, 

Jose Luis; Martín, Leticia; de Frutos, Angel Maximo: The annual cycle of precipitable 

water vapor over the Iberian Peninsula inferred from MODIS observations 

and its comparison with GPS data. Poster presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 

Yankovsky, Valentine; Fedotova, Ekaterina: Theoretical validation of the method of retrieval 

of atomic oxygen altitude profile from intensity of the electronic-vibrationally 

excited molecule O 2 (b 1 Σ + g , v=2) emission in the MLT. Poster presentation . . . . . 74 

Gavrilov, N. M.; Semyonov, V. K.; Sinyakov, V. P.; Tans, P.; Guenther, D.; Kashin, F. V.: 

Longterm CO 2 changes in the tropo-stratosphere from in situ and optical measurements. 

Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 

Kyrölä, Erkki: GOMOS/ENVISAT overview. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 

Lakkala, Kaisa: Long-term Arctic and Antarctic UV measurements. Oral presentation . . 77 

Yankovsky, Valentine; Martishenko, Xenia; Manuilova, Rada: Retrieval of ozone altitude 

profile from O 2 (b 1 Σ g , v=0,1) emission intensity in the middle atmosphere. Poster 

presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 

Yagovkina, Irina; Polyakov, Alexander; Timofeyev, Yuri; Walker, Kaley: Comparison of 

satellite and ground-based spectroscopic measurements of HF total column amount. 

Poster presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 

Yankovsky, Valentine; Manuilova, Rada; Semenov, Aleksey: Possibility of ozone and atomic 

oxygen retrievals from measured intensities of the molecule O 2 (b1Σ+g,v≤ 2) emissions 

in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere.. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . 80 

Instrumentation and techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 

Alpatov, Victor; Belyaev, Alexey: A gravity wave spectrometry from space and ground. 


Belyaev, Alexey: The central slice theorem for a gravity wave spectrometry. Poster presentation 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 

Brändström, Urban; Wang, Zilu; Sergienko, Tima; Gustavsson, Björn; Axelsson, Katarina; 

Enell, Carl-Fredrik; Mäkinen, Sanna; Sigernes, Fred: Calibrating auroral cameras. 


Fastig, Shlomo; Ehrlich, Yossi; Pearl, Shaul; Naor, Eran; Kraus, Yaniv; Inbar, Tuvia ; 

Katz, David: Multi-spectral LIDAR system — Design, build and test. Poster presentation 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 

Hildebrand, Jens; Baumgarten, Gerd; Fiedler, Jens; Lübken, Franz-Josef; von Cossart, Götz: 

Wind measurements by Doppler lidar. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 


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Polyakov, Alexander; Timofeyev, Yuri; Uspensky, Alexander; Kostsov, Vladimir: Numerical 

modeling of sounding of the atmosphere based on combined IR and microwave 

measurements on board ”Meteor-3M” satellite. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . . 88 

Roldugin, Alexey; Chernouss, Sergey; Pilgaev, Sergey; Kuznetsova, Marina; Milichenko, Alexander; 

Fedorenko, Yuri: Mobile unit for optical instruments installation at Barentsburg 

observatory. . Poster presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 

Saari, Heikki: Novel MEMS and Piezoactuated Fabry-Perot spectral imagers for atmospheric 

studies. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 

Sigernes, Fred; Ivanov, Yuriy; Chernouss, Sergey; Trondsen, Trond; Roldugin, Alexey; 

Fedorenko, Yury; Kozelov, Boris; Kirillov, Andrey; Safargaleev, Vladimir; Dyrland, 

Margit; Lorentzen, Dag; Oksavik, Kjellmar: A new auroral hyperspectral 

all-sky camera. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 

Rao, Jayasimha Ramachandra; Syrjäsuo, Mikko: Transferring historical auroral films into 

digital format. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 

Syrjäsuo, Mikko; Hollmén, Jaakko: A review of automated analysis of auroral images — 

current status and new prospects. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 

Facilities and experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 

Aikio, Anita; Ulich, Thomas; Lehtinen, Markku; Turunen, Esa: EISCAT_3D, New generation 

Incoherent Scatter Radar to Northern Fennoscandia. Oral presentation . . . . 97 

Baddeley, Lisa: SPEAR (Space Plasma Exploration by Active Radar): An ionospheric 

heater in the high arctic. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 

Dahle, Kolbjørn Blix; Abrahamsen, Trond: Andøya Rocket Range - ”Wind of Change”. 


NLC and PMC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 

Pérot, Kristell; Hauchecorne, Alain; Montmessin, Franck: NLC climatology from GOMOS 

observations. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 

Witt, Georg: Probing the atmosphere with optical methods: Lessons learned and challenges 

for the future. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 

Author index 105 

Registered participants 107 


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Sponsors 

The 38AM LOC gratefully acknowledges support from 

Emil Aaltonen Foundation 

http://www.emilaaltonen.fi/brieflyeng.html 

Academy of Finland 

http://www.aka.fi/en-GB/A 

Federation of Finnish Learned Societies 

http://www.tsv.fi/engl/ 


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List of optical meetings 

AM No Date Place Country Participants 

1 12–13 Nov 1973 Stockholm Sweden 20 

2 12–13 Aug 1974 Liège Belgium 10 

3 16–18 Oct 1975 Halvorsbøle (Oslo) Norway 41 

4 16–18 Aug 1976 Garmisch-Partenkirchen Germany 21 

5 26–29 Sep 1977 Granada Spain 

6 18–21 Sep 1978 Aberdeen Scotland 42 

7 25–28 Jun 1979 Tromsø Norway 38 

8 8–11 Sep 1980 Dublin Ireland 26 

9 27–30 Oct 1981 Albano Laziale (Rome) Italy few 

10 6–11 Sep 1982 Grasse France 26 or more 

11 29 Aug–2 Sep 1983 Lindau am Harz Germany 21 or more 

12 3–7 Sep 1984 Stockholm Sweden 35 

13 19–23 Aug 1985 Oslo Norway 

14 17–22 Aug 1986 Cambridge England 48 

15 6–11 Sep 1987 Granada Spain 50 

16 1988 Oulu Finland few 

17 24–29 Sep 1990 Abastumani Georgia 9 or more 

18 17–21 Jun 1991 Tromsø Norway 83 

19 10–14 Aug 1992 Kiruna Sweden 124 

20 13–17 Sep 1993 Apatity Russia 

21 12–16 Sep 1994 London England 61 or more 

22 28 Aug–1 Sep 1995 Nurmijärvi Finland 69 

23 2–6 Sep 1996 Kiev Ukraine 78 

24 18–22 Aug 1997 Andenes Norway 54 

25 21–25 Sep 1998 Granada Spain 72 

26 30 Aug–3 Sep 1999 Lindau am Harz Germany 42 

27 21–25 Aug 2000 Stockholm Sweden 51 

28 19–24 Aug 2001 Oulu Finland 57 

29 3–6 Sep 2002 Kühlungsborn Germany 37 

30 13–17 Aug 2003 Longyearbyen Norway 50 

31 22–28 Aug 2004 Ambleside (Lake District) England 41 

32 29 Aug–1 Sep 2005 London, Ontario Canada 47 

33 28 Aug–1 Sep 2006 Kiruna Sweden 67 

34 27–31 Aug 2007 Andenes Norway 52 

35 24–29 Aug 2008 Maynooth Ireland 63 

36 17–22 Aug 2009 Kyiv Ukraine 49 

37 23–27 Aug 2010 Valladolid Spain 70 

38 22–26 Aug 2011 Siuntio Finland 56 registered 


38 AM Abstract book

Programme 

Time Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday 

Chair: Axelsson Chair: Sangalli Chair: Manuilova Chair: Gausa 

09:00 Semenov Dahlgren Aikio Donovan 

09:10 

09:20 Mulligan Baddeley 

09:30 

09:40 Medvedeva Kozelov 

09:50 

10:00 Coffee Coffee Coffee Coffee 

Chair: Baddeley 

10:30 Pérot Simon Wedlund Lakkala Rao 

10:40 

10:50 Syrjäsuo 

11:00 Registration Sofieva Partamies Whiter 

11:10 Blix Dahle 

11:20 Frissell Sangalli 

11:30 Witt 

11:40 Vorobjev Kyrölä 

11:50 

12:00 Lunch Lunch Lunch Lunch Lunch 12:30 

Chair: Dyrland 

Chair: Whiter 

13:00 Welcome McCarthy Excursion Gavrilov 

13:10 Chair: Pérot 

13:20 Chernouss Lorentzen Yankovsky 

13:30 Wrap-up 

13:40 Enell Axelsson Hildebrand discussions 

13:50 

14:00 Cachorro Chernouss Polyakov 

14:10 

14:20 Gustavsson Alpatov 

14:30 Dyrland 

14:40 Kozelov Sigernes 

14:50 

15:00 Coffee Coffee Coffee 

Chair: McCarthy 

15:30 Hoppe Sigernes Saari 

15:40 

15:50 Taylor Aikio 

16:00 Brändström 

16:10 

16:20 Posters 

16:30 

16:40 

16:50 Gustavsson 

17:00 Excursion ends 

17:10 Sergienko 

18:00 Icebreaker 

19:00 38AM dinner 

Contributed (20 min) Invited (30 min) Tutorial (1 h)

16 

Posters 

Posters can be on display Monday–Thursday and a dedicated poster session will take place on Monday afternoon. 

The maximum poster size is A0 (portrait format). 

Poster First author 

Title 

number 

1 Aaltonen Effects of the Russian forest fires over Finland in summer 

2010 

2 Hannukainen Megacities inventory base on optical properties, using 

satellite and SILAM model results 

3 Kannel A shortcut from broadband to spectral aerosol optical 

depth 

4 Nikolaishvili An enhancement of the airglow brightness by the gravity 

waves 

5 Andalsvik Ground - satellite observations of dynamics of the magnetosphere 

- ionosphere system during the Superstorm on 

Nov. 20, 2003. 

6 Belakhovsky The morning auroral arcs associated with Pc5 geomagnetic 

pulsations 

7 Kauristie A case study about the connection of optical auroral activity 

and geomagnetic Pc5 pulsations 

8 Partamies Long-term changes in the auroral occurrence in Finland 

and Svalbard 

9 Roldugin Pc2 auroral pulsations 

10 Simon Wedlund 3D reconstruction of N + 2 and OI auroral emissions using 

the Auroral Large Imaging System (ALIS) 

11 Belyaev The central slice theorem for a gravity wave spectrometry 

12 Fastig Multi-spectral LIDAR system — Design, build and test 

13 Roldugin Mobile unit for optical instruments installation at Barentsburg 

observatory. 

14 Bennouna The annual cycle of precipitable water vapor over the 

Iberian Peninsula inferred from MODIS observations and 

its comparison with GPS data 

15 Yagovkina Comparison of satellite and ground-based spectroscopic 

measurements of HF total column amount 

16 Yankovsky Theoretical validation of the method of retrieval of atomic 

oxygen altitude profile from intensity of the electronicvibrationally 

excited molecule O 2 (b 1 Σ + g , v=2) emission in 

the MLT. 

17 Yankovsky Retrieval of ozone altitude profile from O 2 (b 1 Σ g , v=0,1) 

emission intensity in the middle atmosphere 


38 AM Abstract book

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Social programme 

Monday Icebreaker party 18:00. Outdoor barbecue if weather allows, otherwise in the poster area. Price for 

accompanying persons: 30 EUR. 

Wednesday Excursion to Porkkala. Bus(es) leave from the spa at 13:00 and we will return at 17:00. Price for 

accompanying persons: 35 EUR. 

Thursday Conference dinner at Lepopirtti 19:00. Price for accompanying persons: 60 EUR. 

The swimming pool and sauna are open Mon-Fri 7:00–20:30 and Sat-Sun 8:00–20:00. 

Excursion on Wednesday: 

The Porkkala Parenthesis part of Cold War 

history 

Pictures: Wikimedia Commons,www. degerby.fi, www.seaction.com 

The Porkkala region, which includes parts of Siuntio, hosted a 

Soviet navy base from 1944 to 1955. The population was 

evacuated. Trains from Helsinki to Turku had to cover their 

windows before passing “the longest railway tunnel in the 

world”. How did this happen? And who was Igor? 

Join our excursion to find out! Included is: 

● Guided bus tour 

● Coffee 

● Entrance to museums 


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38 AM Abstract book

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Abstracts 


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38 AM Abstract book

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Aerosols in the atmosphere 


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38 AM Abstract book

Effects of the Russian forest fires over Finland in summer 2010 

Aaltonen, Veijo 1 , Rodriguez, Edith 1 , Mielonen, Tero 2 , Sogacheva, Larisa 1 , Lihavainen, Heikki 1 , Aalto, Pasi 3 , 

Arola, Antti 2 and de Leeuw, Gerrit 1 

1 Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland 

2 Finnish Meteorological Institute, Kuopio, Finland 

3 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 

23 

Abstract 

Summer 2010 was characterized by intensive forest fires in Russia causing plumes drifted to Finland. On the 

ground level, high turbidity was observed by the decrease of visibility and breathing difficulties. Aerosol optical 

depth (AOD), which gives the columnar measure of light extinction due to aerosol particles, was recorded to be 

significantly higher during that time than the long-time average in Finland. 

Ground based AOD measurements were carried out with Cimel and PFR sun photometers in Helsinki, Hyytiälä, 

Jokioinen, Kuopio and Sodankylä. Manually checked Level 2.0 AERONET data and cloud-screened GAW-PFR 

data were exploited in the analysis. In this study, we report the Finnish AOD observations which are expected to 

be related to the Russian forest fires and are remarkably higher than the long time average AOD of around 0.1 

at 500 nm. The considered time fulfilling this expectation is mid-May and throughout the period between July 

and mid-August, 2010. The results were checked using backward trajectories, fire maps and MODIS and AATSR 

satellite figures as well as ground based aerosol particle measurements and wind data. 

In mid-May, hourly extremes of AOD measured at Kuopio and Jokioinen were 0.3 and 0.6, respectively, thought 

the latter might be due to some residual cloud contamination. Late summer was characterized by two clear time 

periods with high AODs especially in Kuopio and Hyytiälä. First occurred between 4th and 16th of July and was 

recorded in Hyytiälä and Kuopio, where the peak values were 0.3 and 0.6, respectively. AOD at Jokioinen also 

showed somewhat high values, with a peak observation of 0.3. The second one, more impressive, happened between 

July 22nd and August 14th. Extreme values during that period were observed on 8th August, with maximum AOD 

being 1.1 both in Helsinki and Hyytiälä, and 1.5 in Kuopio. In Sodankylä, northern Finland, an extreme AOD of 

0.9 was observed in July 30th. Interestingly, in Jokioinen we did not find values higher than 0.3 during that time. 

After mid-August, there were only a few occasions with hourly averages higher than typically. 


24 

Characterization of columnar atmospheric aerosols: Special focus in Scandinavian area 

Cachorro, Victoria 1 , Toledano, Carlos 1 , Gausa, Michael 2 , Stebel, Kerstin 3 , Aaltonen, Veijo 4 , Berjón, Alberto 5 , 

Ortiz de Galisteo, J. Pablo 6 , Bennouna, Yasmine 1 , Blindheim, Sandra 7 , de Frutos, Angel M. 1 , Myhre, Cathrine 

Lund 3 , Zibordi, Giuseppe 8 , Wehrli, Christoph 9 , Kratzer, Sussane 10 , Håkansson, Bertil 11 , Carlund, Thomas 11 , de 

Leeuw, Gerrit 4 , Herber, Andreas 12 and Torres, Benjamin 1 

1 University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain 

2 Andøya Rocket Range, Andenes, Norway 

3 Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway 


5 Spanish Meteorological Agency, Tenerife, Spain 

6 Spanish Meteorological Agency, Valladolid, Spain 


8 Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy 

9 World Radiation Center, Davos, Switzerland 

10 Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden 

11 Swedish Meteorological & Hydrological Institute, Sweden 

12 Alfred-Wegener-Institut for Polar- and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, German 

Abstract 

The columnar aerosol properties measured in Northern Europe have been investigated. The investigation includes 

both data gathered in the Arctic as well as measurements collected in nearby areas (e.g. subarctic), which are of 

maximum interest to get a correct analysis of Arctic aerosols and transport patterns. We have evaluated the data 

from a set of operational sun photometer sites belonging either to national or international measurement networks 

(AERONET, GAW-PFR), located in Scandinavia and Svalbard. An evaluation and analysis of aerosol properties 

was carried out as well as a review of previous results. Aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Ångström exponent (AE) 

are the parameters with sufficient long-term records for a first evaluation. At the AERONET sites, microphysical 

properties derived from inversion of sun-sky radiance data are also available. AOD (500nm) ranged from 0.08 to 0.10 

in Arctic and sub-Arctic sites (Ny-Ålesund: 0.09; Andenes: 0.10; Sodankylä: 0.08). The aerosol load is higher in 

more populated areas in Southern Scandinavia (AOD about 0.10-0.12 at 500 nm). On the Norwegian coast, aerosols 

show larger mean size (AE=1.2 at Andenes) than in Finland, with continental climate (AE=1.5 at Sodankylä). 

Columnar particle size distributions and related parameters are used to evaluate aerosol volume efficiencies. Special 

emphasis must be given to the joint and collaborative effort of the various groups from different countries maintaining 

the observation sites. 


38 AM Abstract book

25 

A shortcut from broadband to spectral aerosol optical depth 

Kannel, Martin 1 , Ohvril, Hanno 1 and Okulov, Oleg 2 

1 Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Tartu 

2 Estonian Meteorological and Hydrological Institute 

Abstract 

The concept behind the shortcut idea is a close correlation between column broadband aerosol optical depth (BAOD) 

and aerosol optical depth at 500 nm (AOD500). The method uses only two input parameters: (a) the Bouguer 

broadband coefficient of column transparency for optical mass m = 2 (solar elevation about 30 deg); and (b) 

integrated column precipitable water vapor which can be roughly estimated using surface water vapor pressure. 

Creating the method, a large database, including almost 20 000 complex, spectral and broadband direct solar 

beam observations at Tõravere, Estonia during all seasons of a 8-year period, 2002–2009, was used. The AOD500 

observations were performed by AERONET and the broadband direct beam ones by the Estonian Meteorological 

and Hydrological Institute. Analyze of this database revealed a high correlation between BAOD and AOD500 which 

enabled transition from broadband to spectral AOD. Almost 82% of the observations in the database belonged to 

lower turbities when AOD500 < 0.2. The RMS error for AOD500 prediction in this range was 0.022. For AOD500 

= 0.2–0.4, the RMSE was 0.035, for 0.4–0.6, the RMSE was 0.042. Relative RMSE for these ranges was about 22%, 

12% and 9%, respectively. For AOD500 > 0.6, relative RMSE remained 9%. For comparison, the same database 

was used to test Gueymard’s broadband parameterization based on his SMARTS2 classic model. The last one, 

apparently due to problems with circumsolar radiation, systematically underestimated the AOD500. However, there 

was also a close correlation between our shortcut-results and Gueymard’s broadband parameterization. 


26 

Megacities inventory base on optical properties, using satellite and SILAM model 

results 

Hannukainen, Meri 1 , Rodriguez, Edith 2 , Sofiev, Michael 3 , Kolmonen, Pekka 2 , Sundström, Anu-Maija 1 , Sogacheva, 

Larisa 2 and de Leeuw, Gerrit 4 

1 University of Helsinki, Dept. of Physics, Helsinki, Finland 

2 FMI, Climate Change Unit, Erik Palmen Aukio 1, 00101, Helsinki, Finland 

3 FMI, Air Quality Unit, Erik Palmen Aukio 1, 00101, Helsinki, Finland 

4 FMI, Climate Change Unit, Erik Palmen Aukio 1, 00101, Helsinki, Finland; University of Helsinki, Dept. of Physics, 

Helsinki, Finland; TNO, Utrecht, The Netherlands 

Abstract 

The increasing of population in Megacities causes an increase in the level of contamination with impact at urban, 

regional and global levels. Nowadays air pollution is one of the most important problems in megacities. Photochemical 

smog primarily from traffic, but also from industrial activities, power generation, and solvents are becoming 

more and more important sources of concern for air quality. The impact of the aerosol particles emitted in the area 

of megacities and the their effect in the local and regional scale are studies using two methods: the determination 

of emissions from Megacities using satellite observations and model results obtained with System for Integrated 

modeLling of Atmospheric coMposition (SILAM). SILAM has been created to provide an environment capable of 

supporting various types of dispersion models and suitable for approaching a wide range of tasks. The satellite data 

used for this study were provided with two instruments. Advanced Along Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR) on 

board ENVISAT, and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), on board Terra (EOS AM-1). 

Retrievals of aerosol optical properties were done for both satellite measurements. Satellite and model results were 

validated by ground base measurements with results provides from AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) sun 

photometer. AERONET results are used also for classification of aerosol type. Our interest is to do a current 

emission inventory for selected megacities around the world. The parameter used for the study is Aerosol Optical 

Depth (AOD) as the optical parameter that gives information of the aerosol particles concentration. Selected time 

period for study is year 2008. Preliminary results show good agreement between satellites retrieved AOD as well as 

with the sun photometer. 


38 AM Abstract book

27 

Ionosphere, mesosphere and lower thermosphere 


28 


38 AM Abstract book

29 

An enhancement of the airglow brightness by the gravity waves 

Nikolaishvili, Sergey 1 and Belyaev, Alexey 1 

1 Institute of Applied Geophysics, Moscow, Russia 

Abstract 

The global observations of the O 2 atmospheric band nightglow performed by the high resolution Doppler imager 

(HRDI) on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) have shown bright regions of the nightglow. It was 

supposed that these regions are caused either by meridional circulation, or by descending motion associated with 

tides and gravity wave (GW) forcing. In this study we describe and speculate an additional mechanism of the 

brightness enhancement. It is nonlinear enhancement of the entire emission layer caused by GWs passing through 

one. Its magnitude is proportional to the square of the GW amplitude. We speculate this effect as an emission layer 

response to the GW disturbance. To estimate the magnitude of this effect we use the global two-dimensional model 

of the zonally averaged circulation. 


30 

Optical signatures of rocket exhaust phenomena in Arctic atmosphere 

Chernouss, Sergey 1 , Platov, Yuly 2 , Alpatov, Victor 3 and Uspensky, Mikhail 4 

1 Polar Geophysical Institute of KSC RAS 

2 IZMIRAN, Troitsk, Moscow region, Russia 



Abstract 

The results of research of the optical phenomena connected with rocket exhaust in the upper atmosphere are 

submitted. The most intensive, large-scale and dynamical phenomena are caused by special modes of operation of 

rocket engines, in particular, separation of rocket stages and shut off solid propellant of rocket engines and physical 

conditions in the field of a rocket flight. The optical signatures in the upper atmosphere accompanying rocket 

launches made from the Archangelsk region ranges have been registered for many years by ground-based network 

of all-sky cameras in the northern regions of Russia and Finland as a part of routine auroral recordings. Rocket 

plumes and large-scale diffuse formations have been captured both on photographic film cameras C-180, spectral 

cameras C-.180-S, low light level TV cameras and amateur films. Purpose of the report is a classification of gas-dust 

formations from rocket exhaust in the upper atmosphere by scale and dynamics. At registration of these optical 

phenomena two mechanisms of luminosity are observed as a rule. It is Rayleigh and Mie scattering of the solar 

radiation.and resonant scattering of the solar radiation on AlO and Li molecules.After the ending of a dynamic 

phase of development of the phenomenon, the rather weak diffuse luminosity was observed during long time (till 

several hours after the start of the pattern development of the phenomenon up to sunrise) at the place of cut off the 

launcher stage i.e. connected with injected of gas components of rocket exhaust. The dynamic and morphological 

features of the artificial clouds are a function of the relative quantities of gaseous and dispersed solid components 

from the rocket exhaust. Acoustic- gravity waves (AGW) in the upper atmosphere after launches demonstrated too. 


38 AM Abstract book

31 

Using Airglow observations in high-latitude climate studies 

Dyrland, Margit Elisabet 1 and Sigernes, Fred 1 

1 The University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway 

Abstract 

The polar mesopause region (80-100 km) is highly dynamic with large gradients in temperature and large variability 

in vertical, zonal and meridional circulation resulting from atmospheric waves passing and breaking. There is 

increasing evidence that the dynamics of the mesosphere can be coupled to the dynamics of the troposphere and 

ground, and the importance of studying the weather and climate of the mesosphere is therefore emphasized. The 

existence of the hydroxyl (OH) airglow layer at ≈87 km allows for a way to monitor the state of this region remotely. 

Rotational temperatures can be derived from passive optical measurements of airglow intensity during the polar 

night, and gravity wave parameters from all-sky images. At the Kjell Henriksen Observatory (KHO) at Svalbard 

(78 degrees north) an Ebert-Fastie spectrometer is employed which has monitored the OH rotational temperatures 

since the early 1980’s. For the winter season 2010-2011 an all-sky airglow imager was installed which monitors the 

gravity wave activity. Co-located with KHO are several radars which complement the optical measurements, and 

allows for extraction of additional information. This talk gives an overview of how these instruments can be used 

for high-latitude climate studies, and presents the latest results. 


32 

Subsidence of thermospheric air observed by the Hotel Payload 2 measurements on 

January 31, 2008 

Enell, Carl-Fredrik 1 , Gustavsson, Björn 2 , Sergienko, Tima 3 , Verronen, Pekka. T 4 , Hedin, Jonas 5 , Witt, Georg 5 , 

Brändström, Urban 3 and Rydesäter, Peter 6 

1 Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory, University of Oulu, Sodankylä, Finland 

2 University of Southampton, UK 

3 Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden 


5 Stockholm University, Sweden 

6 SenseAir AB, Delsbo, Sweden 

Abstract 

In the Hotel Payload 2 rocket campaign on January 31, 2008 (Enell et al, JASTP, in press) profiles of atomic oxygen 

and electron density measured in the lower thermosphere indicated subsidence of air. 

For the evening before the launch, tomography-like estimates of the volume emission rates from Auroral Large 

Imaging System (ALIS) data have been shown (Enell et al, 37AM, Valladolid, Spain; in preparation for submission). 

The common volume of ALIS, however, was above the Scandinavian mainland and did not cover the rocket trajectory 

from Andøya. The altitude profiles of spectroscopic ratios interpolated from the volume emission estimates do not 

unambiguously indicate anything unusual. This is consistent with EOS Aura/MLS CO measurements indicating 

highly structured subsidence in vortex filaments and with the structure of the NO profiles measured by SciSat/ACE. 


38 AM Abstract book

What can we learn about upper mesosphere dynamics by four-dimensional lidar measurements? 

Hoppe, Ulf-Peter 1 

1 University of Oslo, Norway 

33 

Abstract 

Lidar instruments have been used in atmosphere research for many years. Most lidar instruments measure profiles 

of one or few atmospheric parameters in a certain height range, giving range-resolved profiles of that parameter and 

their time evolution. For instance a simple Rayleigh lidar measures total number density profiles from the middle 

stratosphere to the upper mesosphere. An advanced Na lidar measures profiles of Na number density, neutral 

temperature and line-of-sight wind velocity in the height region where there are free Na atoms: 80 to 110 km. 

Several of these instruments are capable of measuring in full daylight, but all require a cloudless sky in order to 

measure above the troposphere. 

Most lidars capable of measuring line-of-sight wind velocities are used in several positions in the sky, sequentially 

or quasi-simultaneously. Measurements in zenith give profiles of vertical velocity. Vertical velocities in the upper 

mesosphere are usually within approximately ±7 m/s. This value is somewhat greater than the typical velocity 

resolution of such an instrument. Many lidars use slant beams 20 ◦ or 30 ◦ off-zenith, e.g., to the north and to the 

east. Under the assumption (a) that the vertical velocity is much smaller than the horizontal velocity, and (b) that the 

horizontal wind is the same at the two positions several tens of km distant from each other, a horizontal wind vector 

can be estimated. Another mode uses two beams 20 ◦ or 30 ◦ off-zenith towards east and west to estimate the flux of 

gravity wave pseudo-momentum in the zonal direction. Profiles of such gravity momentum flux measurements let us 

estimate the divergence or convergence of the momentum flux, which is the cause of background wind acceleration. 

Momentum flux measurements depend on statistics and must therefore continue for a large number of typical gravity 

wave periods without interruption. 

This presentation proposes a lidar similar to the Weber Na Lidar at ALOMAR, but employing three beams in a 

triangular configuration centered on zenith or at an off-zenith direction. The smallest feasible distance between the 

beams is ≈ 1 ◦ field of view, a few tens or hundreds of meters at 90 km. Larger interbeam distances will increase the 

instrument’s sensitivity to gravity waves with horizontal wavelengths approximately twice the interbeam distance. 

The presentation will discuss if such an instrument can give us new insight into gravity wave propagation, spectra, 

dissipation, or turbulence. Possible designs for the lidar transmitter and receiver with available components will be 

evaluated. 


34 

The dayside open closed field line boundary - a statistical study using ground-based 

optics 

Lorentzen, D.A. 1 and Johnsen, M.G. 2 

1 UNIS, Longyearbyen, Norway 

2 The Univ. of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway 

Abstract 

This presentation is based on a paper by Johnsen and Lorentzen, [2011]. Several studies have been made to determine 

the statistical location of the cusp - the vast majority using satellite data. In this work, ground-based optical data 

have been used in order to study the location of the open-closed magnetic field line boundary (OCB) in the cusp 

region. The data set used covers 15 auroral seasons - corresponding to two solar minimums and one solar maximum. 

Using a meridian scanning photometer, the dayside OCB can be determined using the equatorward edge of the 6300 

Å [OI] emission as a proxy. The statistical location of the OCB is compared to both solar- and solar wind activity 

indices and coupling functions. It was found that the average optical OCB is located at 75.4 degrees magnetic 

latitude, and that there is a statistical significant relationship between the seasonal median of the OCB latitude and 

the solar cycle. It was also found that the statistical location of the OCB found by ground-based optics compares 

very well with satellite based statistical studies of the cusp location. The statistical OCB location was also found 

to have a remarkable fit to the PCN (polar cap magnetic activity) index, thus indicating how well the latitudinal 

location of the OCB reflects the degree of interconnection between the solar wind and the magnetosphere/ionosphere 

system. 


38 AM Abstract book

Implementing a chemical scheme for OH* in the University College London CMAT2 

3D Global Model 

McCarthy, Dean 1 , Mulligan, Frank 1 and Mooney, Priscilla 1 

1 National University of Ireland Maynooth, Maynooth, Ireland 

35 

Abstract 

The Coupled Middle Atmosphere and Thermosphere (CMAT2) Model is a general circulation model under continuous 

development at University College London. Work is underway to improve the already existing chemical scheme 

focusing on the modelling of vibrationally excited hydroxyl (OH*) at mesopause altitudes. 

The existing chemical scheme considers ground state OH and vibrationally excited states as a single species. In 

the new implementation, the ground state and each of the nine lowest vibrational states have been incorporated as 

distinct chemical constituents. 

The chemical production of OH* through the reaction H + O 3 -> OH*(v=6-9) + O 2 has been altered to include 

branching ratios into vibrational levels 6 – 9. The loss of OH* is governed through a series of chemical reactions, 

both single and multi-quantum collision deactivation, as well as radiative loss. 

The model output with be presented and compared to the model output of Picket et al. (2006) as well as 

observational data from NASA’s SABER instrument onboard the TIMED satellite. 


36 

Study on the impact of sudden stratospheric warmings in mid-latitude MLT region 

according to ground-based and satellite temperature measurements 

Medvedeva, Irina 1 , Chernigovskaya, Marina 1 , Perminov, Vladimir 2 and Semenov, Anatoly 2 

1 Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics (ISTP), Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia 

2 Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 

Abstract 

Sudden stratospheric warmings (SSW) are an important manifestation of vertical dynamical coupling in the atmosphere. 

This work presents the results of studies of variations in atmospheric temperature at the mesopause 

and lower thermosphere (MLT) heights in different longitudinal sectors during the sudden stratospheric warming 

events in 2008-2011. The research is made on the data of ground-based and satellite temperature measurements. 

We analyzed variations of upper mesosphere temperature at ≈87 km inferred from OH (6,2) airglow observations 

at two mid-latitude observation points: the ISTP Geophysical observatory (East Siberian region, 52N, 103E) and 

Zvenigorod station (56N, 37E). Satellite data on atmospheric temperature vertical profiles obtained by the EOS 

Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) were involved. It was shown that SSWs affect on the temperature regime of 

the atmosphere at the MLT heights. However, the character of the manifestations at different longitudinal stations 

was not always identical. In the European longitudinal zone the upper mesosphere temperature decreased during all 

analyzed SSWs. In the East Siberian – reaction of the upper mesosphere temperature on SSW did not show such a 

stable tendency. We carried out correlation analysis of temperature variations in the stratosphere and upper mesosphere 

and obtained regression equations. The behaviour and magnitude of the mesopause temperature decrease 

depends on the intensity of stratospheric warming. Practically during all analyzed SSW events, when the stratospheric 

temperature increased by ≈30 K, the mesopause temperature decreased by ≈20 K. The work is supported 

by Grants from RFBR-10-05-00062 and RFBR-09-05-00757. 


38 AM Abstract book

Gravity wave characteristics measured in Ireland by UWOSCR during the 2010-2011 

NDMC campaign 

Mulligan, Frank J. 1 and Lowe, Robert P. 2 

1 National University of Ireland Maynooth, Maynooth, Ireland 

2 The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada 

37 

Abstract 

A scanning radiometer developed at the University of Western Ontario was installed at Maynooth, Ireland (53.4 ◦ 

N, 6.6 ◦ W) in August 2010 for the purpose of recording gravity wave characteristics during an NDMC (Network 

for Detection of Mesopause Change) campaign. Wave directions, speeds, periods and wavelengths were determined 

from 50 clear nights. Propagation directions were found to be northward in summer and early autumn, but changed 

to southward in mid-winter. This pattern agrees well with observations made at other mid-latitude sites. Horizontal 

wavelengths ranged from 5-70 km, with the most frequently occurring wavelength in the vicinity of 10 km. Periods 

ranged from 2-15 minutes with a maximum occurrence frequency in the 3 minute region. Apparent speeds were 

found to be between 30 m/s and 150 m/s with the most frequently occurring speed near 65 m/s. A brief description 

of the instrument, the method of analysis and results will be presented. 


38 

Longitudinal variations of the atmospheric temperature at altitudes of lower thermosphere 

on the characteristics of the 557.7 nm atomic oxygen emission 

Semenov, Anatoly 1 

1 Institute of Atmospheric Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 

Abstract 

On the basis of statistical regularities of longitudinal variations of intensity and temperature of atomic oxygen 

emission 557.7 nm have been obtained approximation ratio, allowing to make estimations of longitudinal values of 

temperature at heights of 95-100 km in the latitudinal zone 30-55N for conditions of a minimum of solar activity. 

The harmonious analysis of the revealed variations has shown, that amplitudes of the corresponding harmonic for 

intensity and temperatures have proportional values. It has allowed us to construct average longitudinal variations 

of temperature of a emitting layer of emission of 557.7 nm. Comparisons to data of direct measurements of temperature 

by interferometric, lidar and satellite methods have shown that they correspond to the empirical regularities. 

Dependences of amplitudes of seasonal variations of temperature on latitudes are obtained. The work is supported 

by Grants from RFBR-10-05-00062 Keywords: longitudinal variations, intensity, temperature, emission of atomic 

oxygen 


38 AM Abstract book

39 

How to Use Airglow Measurements in Atmospheric Wave Activity Studies 

Taylor, Michael 1 , Zhao, Yucheng 1 , Pautet, Pierre-Dominique 1 and Pendleton Jr., William 1 

1 Utah State University 

Abstract 

The naturally occurring airglow emission layers provide an important capability for studying the dynamics of the 

Earth’s upper atmosphere. Several emissive layers occur in relatively close proximity to each other in the mesosphere 

and lower thermosphere (≈80–100 km) region. These comprise the relatively bright near infrared OH Meinel bands 

(peak altitude ≈87 km), the O 2 (0,1) Atmospheric band (altitude ≈94 km), and the weaker, visible wavelength OI 

(557.5 nm) line emission (altitude ≈96 km) and Na (589.2 nm) doublet emissions (peak altitude ≈90 km). The 

nocturnal half-width of each of these layers is ≈8–10 km, providing a unique method for studying the dynamics of 

a wide variety of wave phenomena including gravity waves, tides and planetary waves at MLT heights, and their 

latitudinal and seasonal variability. At higher altitudes (≈250 km) the OI (630 nm) emission layer continues to 

be used extensively to study ionospheric processes associated with strong plasma upwellings at equatorial latitudes 

as well as the propagation of large- and medium-scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (TIDs). A number of 

instrumental techniques have been developed to investigate these atmospheric phenomena utilizing these airglow 

emissions. These include photometers, spectrometers, interferometers and imagers. In particular, imagers have 

evolved considerably over the past 20 years and are now an essential component of a well-founded observatory. This 

talk focuses on how to use digital (CCD) airglow imagers for atmospheric wave studies. As well as providing wide 

field data on wave propagation through the MLT layers, new systems can now map the wave-induced temperature 

and intensity perturbations, key for investigating their momentum fluxes and hence impact on the MLT dynamics. 

Recent observations using new InGaAs IR sensors will also be presented to illustrate current capabilities for high 

time (few sec) and precision (≈1–2 K) intensity and temperature measurements. 


40 


38 AM Abstract book

41 

Aurora 


42 


38 AM Abstract book

43 

Nighttime auroras for remote sensing of magnetospheric processes 

Aikio, Anita 1 

1 University of Oulu, Finland 

Abstract 

Auroral structures are located within the auroral ovals, which comprise both the day and nightside and the northern 

and southern hemispheres. Auroras appear during quiet and disturbed conditions. The overall picture of solar wind 

driving the magnetosphere-ionosphere interaction producing auroras is understood to some extent, but much of the 

details are still unknown. This tutorial talk will focus on some aspects of nighttime auroras and their origin. 


44 

Ground - satellite observations of dynamics of the magnetosphere - ionosphere system 

during the Superstorm on Nov. 20, 2003 

Andalsvik, Yngvild Linnea 1 , Sandholt, Per Even 1 and Farrugia, Charles J. 2 

1 Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway 

2 Space Science Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA 

Abstract 

We report observations from a ground - satellite conjunction in the Scandinavian sector at the time of a substorm 

breakup in the early main phase of the superstorm on Nov. 20, 2003. Observations of plasma convection, particle 

precipitation, field-aligned currents (FACs), aurora, and ground magnetic deflections are discussed in the context of 

multi-stage evolution of the Dungey convection and flux circulation cycle during strong forcing of the magnetosphere 

at the time of interplanetary CME passage at Earth. We take advantage of the good latitudinal coverage (polar 

cap to subauroral latitudes) of the IMAGE chain of magnetometers and meridional profiles of ion drift - particle 

precipitation - FACs obtained from spacecraft DMSP F13 and F15 in the 1800 - 2000 MLT sector. 


38 AM Abstract book

45 

Statistical study of temporal and spatial variations in diffuse aurora 

Axelsson, Katarina 1 , Sergienko, Tima 1 and Brändström, Urban 1 

1 IRF, Kiruna, Sweden 

Abstract 

Optical, radar and satellite measurements have demonstrated that diffuse aurora contains fine structures. Data 

analysis shows that these fine structures are a result of modulation of high energy precipitating electrons. Pitch 

angle diffusion in the loss cone due to interaction of whistler mode wave with plasma sheet electrons is the most 

feasible mechanism leading to high-energy electron precipitation. This suggests that the fine structure is an indication 

of modulations of the efficiency of the wave-particle interaction. One type of such fine structures is regular, parallel 

auroral stripes. Spatial and temporal structures of diffuse aurora stripes can give us information about modulation 

mechanisms. In this study we use ALIS data for statistical study of such characteristics. 


46 

The morning auroral arcs associated with Pc5 geomagnetic pulsations 

Belakhovsky, Vladimir 1 , Kozlovsky, Alexander 2 and Pilipenko, Slava 3 

1 Polar Geophysical Institute, Apatity, Russia 

2 Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory of the University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland 

3 Institute of the Earth Physics, Moscow, Russia 

Abstract 

We study the event of Pc5 geomagnetic pulsations observed in the morning sector on 18 December 2001 at the 

stations of IMAGE magnetometer network. The pulsations were observed in the wide range of latitudes from 58 ◦ to 

76 ◦ MLAT. Geomagnetic Pc5 pulsations exhibit signatures of the filed-line resonance (FLR), namely, the decrease 

of the frequency with increase of the latitude, change of the ellipse during the propagation thought the resonance 

region, and phase propagation from low to high latitudes. Corresponding variations of the ionosphere plasma velocity 

were seen by the VHF EISCAT radar, which beam was pointed to north at low elevation (30 ◦ ) to the horizon. The 

frequency of pulsations in the ionosphere plasma velocity decreases with latitude. Signatures of the Pc5 pulsations 

were also seen in the data of ionosphere plasma velocity, density, and ion temperature obtained from the EISCAT 

Svalbard radar. The cosmic noise absorption did not demonstrate significant signatures of Pc5 pulsations in the 

data of riometers in KIL (IRIS) and HOR (Spitsbergen). At the same time, during the event of Pc5 geomagnetic 

pulsations, auroral arcs were observed by the all-sky TV camera in Barentsburg (Spitsbergen). The period of 

appearance of the auroral arcs was approximately coinciding with the period of Pc5 geomagnetic pulsations. We 

suppose that Pc5 geomagnetic pulsations generated by FLR modulate the intensity of morning auroral arcs. 


38 AM Abstract book

47 

Ideas of Lomonosov in field of auroral research 

Chernouss, Sergey 1 

1 Polar Geophysical Institute of KSC RAS 

Abstract 

This year we celebrate the 300 anniversary of the birth of Russian Academician Lomonosov. He was encyclopedic 

scientists, left more than 15 volumes of publications in physics, chemistry, geophysics, geography, philology, and 

other sciences and arts. Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov (1711-1765) was born and raised in the Arkhangelsk region 

in pomors family, where his childhood was lucky to repeatedly watch the aurora. Later, when he became interested 

in their physical nature, it does not rely on other people’s descriptions are often far removed from reality, but on 

his own observations. Academicians Kraft, Meyer and Geynzenus in the Russian Imperial Academy of Sciences 

tried to study the aurora thoroughly and seriously. Academician Craft prints extensive historical information about 

the aurora to bringing the hypotheses of the optical and cosmic character that existed in Western Europe in 1730. 

Views of Meyer were connected with the growth of autumn ”cold” from the ground up warm air and on the contact 

line of hot and cold air ignition of vapors. Academician Geynzenus was a supporter of the newly published work 

of the Frenchman de Meran that lights should come from matter ejected Sun (which, generally speaking, is a 

conjecture about the existence of the solar wind), and in 1740 published an article in which he tried to explain to 

a single cause zodiacal light and the aurora. However, the first who proposed the electrical nature of the aurora 

was Lomonosov. The main his work on the aurora nature was the ”Oration on aerial phenomena, proceeding from 

the force of electricity proposed by Mikhail Lomonosov” , which was reported at the meeting of the Academy of 

Sciences November 26, 1753. According to Lomonosov, the electric force may be cause for auroras glow which in 

appearance resembles the glow of the gas discharge. In particular, he writes ”So, it is likely that the northern lights 

are born from occurring of the electric force in the air. It is confirmed by likeness of the phenomenon appearance 

and disappearance, movement, color and form, which are shown in the northern lights and the electric light of the 

third kind. ”. Fundamental task for a long time was to determine the height of the aurora. Lomonosov wrote, ”The 

position of the northern lights above the limits of the atmosphere shows a comparison of dawn with them” Once he 

carried out a direct measurement of the height of the upper edge of the aurora, which according to his calculations 

was equal to 420 miles (448 km). This agrees well with modern measurements of the upper edge of the radiant arcs. 

Thus, estimates of Lomonosov received three centuries before are closed to modern results. In those times and later 

the scientists were challenged to define what constitutes the aurora - intrinsic luminescence of the atmosphere, or 

reflected, scattered, or diffracted rays from external light sources. Lomonosov noticed that the stars can be seen 

through the lights, and on this basis concluded that ”All of the northern lights shown that light species may not 

be vapor or clouds, shining under some lighting. They are almost always have a regular figure, and stars clearly 

seen through the northern light luminousity”. Thus it was shown that aurora is self luminosity phenomena of the 

atmosphere but not reflected or scattered light of remote source. This speculation of the scientist were subsequently 

confirmed by direct instrumental measurements just one hundred years later by famous Swedish physicist Angstrom 

in 1866-67 years. The thought of Lomonosov on relationship of auroral colors with the particular substance was 

also promising: ”By the way if some main colors composed the white color born in the air then no doubt be that 

the main components separately may seen too”. Great interest are pictures and drawings of the aurora taken by 

Lomonosov. Forty-seven drawings were engraved on 11 copper engraving and stored in the Museum of Lomonosov 

in St.- Petersburg. We can see the typical forms of auroras on them. One can only wonder at the foresight of genius, 

who anticipated that knowledge of the nature of the aurora, which have become accessible to us only in the 20 

century. 


48 

On small-scale aurora 

Dahlgren, Hanna 1 

1 Boston University, Boston, USA 

Abstract 

Both active auroral displays and diffuse aurora have been found to contain internal structuring when measured with 

sufficiently high temporal and spatial resolution. Small-scale aurora is the general term given to auroral features with 

scale sizes transverse to the background magnetic field of less than 1 km and with time scales of less than a second. 

The fine-scale morphology is related to structuring of auroral currents and electric fields, but the details behind 

these structures are still not fully resolved – dispersive Alfven waves have been proposed as a possible source of 

the particle acceleration, but observations and simulations are inconclusive. Detailed spatial, spectral and temporal 

observations of the aurora are crucial in understanding the electrodynamic processes taking place in the ionosphere 

and in its coupling to the magnetosphere. In this tutorial, an overview will be given of the latest techniques and 

instruments used to measure the rapid phenomenon. Examples of different forms of small-scale aurora will be shown 

as observed by ground-based imagers. In light of the observations, the current understanding of the formation of 

auroral fine-scale structures is discussed and a review given of important studies which lead the way to a better 

understanding of the topic. 


38 AM Abstract book

49 

The Magnetospheric Drivers of Aurora 

Donovan, Eric 1 

1 University of Calgary, Canada 

Abstract 

The aurora results from the precipitation of electrons and protons into the upper atmosphere. The aurora is 

called diffuse and discrete if that precipitation is caused by pitch angle scattering or field-aligned acceleration, 

respectively. The energy that powers the discrete aurora and the pitch angle scattering that causes the diffuse 

aurora are consequences of magnetospheric processes. Much of the motion and structure of the aurora arises as a 

consequence of magnetospheric plasma physical processes. In this tutorial, I will present a review of our present 

understanding of the magnetospheric drivers of auroral power, structure, and dynamics. 


50 

Optical Measurements of F-region Ion-Convection 

Gustavsson, Björn 1 , Tuttle, Sam 2 , Dahlgren, Hanna 3 , Lanchester, Betty 2 and Ivchenko, Nickolay 4 

1 School of Physics and Astronomy University of Southampton, Southampton, UK 

2 School of Physics and Astronomy University of Southampton Southampton, UK 

3 Boston University, Boston, MA, USA 

4 School of Electrical Engineering Royal institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden 

Abstract 

The long life-time of the oxygen ion state that emits the 7320 Å lines makes the emitting ions move between the 

instance of excitation and emission. It is therefore possible to estimate the ion-convection from spectral imaging 

at magnetic zenith. Here we present a novel algorithm to estimate the ion-convection around auroral arcs based 

on spectral imaging with ASK and incoherent scatter observations with the EISCAT UHF radar. The performance 

characteristics of the algorithm are evaluated and a direct comparison with EISCAT observations of ion drift is 

made. 


38 AM Abstract book

51 

On Filamentation and Anti-Filamentation of Auroral Arcs 

Gustavsson, Björn 1 , Dahlgren, Hanna 2 , Lanchester, Betty 3 and Ivchenko, Nickolay 4 

1 School of Physics and Astronomy University of Southampton, Southampton, UK 

2 Boston University, Boston, MA, USA 

3 School of Physics and Astronomy University of Southampton Southampton, UK 

4 School of Electrical Engineering Royal institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden 

Abstract 

Small-scale structures are often observed in aurora but their appearance and cause are not well understood. One 

suggestion is that arc splitting is caused by inertial Alfven waves. In this presentation we use multi-monochromatic 

observations of filamenting and anti-filamenting auroral arcs made with the ASK instrument from several events, to 

test the predictions of spatio-temporal variations of electron energies and fluxes that can be derived from this model. 


52 

Planetary distribution of auroral luminosity inferred from APM 

Vorobjev, V. G. 1 , Yagodkina, O. I. 1 , Katkalov, Yu. V. 1 and Kirillov, A. S. 1 


Abstract 

Statistical treatment of DMSP F6 and F7 spacecraft observations during more than 35000 passes through the auroral 

zones of both hemispheres was used to create the interactive Auroral Precipitation Model (APM) which is placed 

now on http://webapps.pgia.ru/apm/. The model at a level of magnetic activity (AL and Dst indexes) set by 

the user allows to receive: (1) global distribution of different types of auroral precipitation, (2) planetary picture of 

average electron energy in different precipitating zones, (3) the that of energy fluxes. Observatories or any points 

interested by the user can be mark off on the picture by the geographical coordinate dimensioning or a click by 

”the mouse” on Google maps. The model allows us to calculate the precipitation power in different zones and the 

global distribution of auroral luminosity in visible and UVI spectral ranges. Integral intensities of the N 2 LBH(L) 

band near 170.0nm, 1NG N + 2 at 391.4 nm, (OI) 557.7 nm (the transition 1 S → 1 D in atomic oxygen), and the 1PG 

N 2 band near 669.0 nm have been calculated. To calculate (OI) 557.7 nm intensity the production of O( 1 S) in the 

electron energy transfer process N 2 (A 3 Σ + u ) + O( 3 P), the dissociative recombination, auroral electron impact and 

the production of electronically excited N 2 by auroral electron impact were taken into account. A good agreement 

was revealed by comparison of the LBH(L) global distribution observed by the IMAGE spacecraft and calculated 

from APM. 

This study is supported by the RFBR grant 09-05-00818 and Program 4 of the RAS Presidium. 


38 AM Abstract book

A case study about the connection of optical auroral activity and geomagnetic Pc5 

pulsations 

Kauristie, Kirsti 1 , Kleimenova, Nataly 2 , Kozyreva, Olga 2 , Uspensky, Mikhail 1 and Vlasov, Alexey 1 


2 Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 

53 

Abstract 

We study geomagnetic Pc5 pulsations which were observed on Jan 18 2008 during 0400-0600 UT in the dawn sector 

of the high-latitude ionosphere. Like typical for Pc5 activity also in our case the main driver of the pulsations was 

an enhancement in the solar wind velocity. In addition, changes in the IMF direction played an important role in 

setting up suitable conditions for the pulsations. The enhancement in solar wind velocity took place in two steps 

and during the analysed event the IMF Bz had two different types of behavior: a 0.5 hour period with variations 

around zero which was surrounded by periods with clearly positive values. The amplitude and period of Pc5 showed 

significant variations during the two hour sequence. With the help of solar wind, magnetospheric and ionospheric 

observations we discuss the different processes which caused the changes in the Pc5 appearance. In particular, we 

study the relationship between the magnetic pulsations and auroral activity observed both in the dawn sector by 

MIRACLE ASCs and in the midnight sector by THEMIS ASCs. THEMIS instrumentation recorded during our 

event two small substorms. Around the times of the substorm onsets MIRACLE magnetometers recorded sudden 

impulses (with 10 min duration and 100-300 nT amplitude) in the magnetic field. The first impulse was accompanied 

by an enhancement in high-latitude dawn sector auroras and it was followed by a drop in the Pc5 intensity. The 

second impulse was prominent in a wider latitude range than the first one, but its impact in the Pc5 activity was 

not as dramatic as in the first case. In the presentation we investigate whether the simultaneous appearance of 

the two substorm onsets and the impulses in the dawn sector magnetic activity was just a pure coincidence or 

whether these phenomena are signs of a larger scale re-organization in the magnetosphere. In addition, we compare 

our observations of Pc5 activity with previous studies discussing the linkage between dawn sector pulsations and 

substorm activity. 


54 

Inverse cascade in the auroral structure and numerical model of current filaments 

Kozelov, Boris 1 , Golovchanskaya, Irina 1 and Mingalev, Oleg 1 


Abstract 

By now, different types of scale-free behavior exhibited by auroral variations have been presented from analyzing 

ground-based and satellite imaging observations. Signatures of spatial and temporal scaling in the magnetosphereionosphere 

system have also been reported for fluctuations of electric and magnetic fields on the auroral field lines. 

Within the second order statistics, scaling properties of fluctuations can be characterized by scaling index. Using 

UVI images from the Polar satellite, we show that for auroral structures observed at the beginning of substorm 

expansion, the scaling index varies from values less than unity to 1.5, increasing with breakup progress. Similar 

scaling features are deduced at smaller scales from the ground-based observations. The observed auroral features are 

compared with the structures in the field-aligned current simulated by numerical model of non-linear interaction of 

current filaments according to the Chang et al. [2004] scenario. We discuss how the observed scaling in the aurora 

can be explained by its relation to scaling in the turbulent/scale-free electric fields and Alfvénic coherent structures. 


38 AM Abstract book

55 

Multi-scale auroral observations in Apatity: equipment and preliminary results 

Kozelov, Boris 1 

1 Polar Geophysical Institute, Russia 

Abstract 

New equipments contained of 5 cameras were installed at Kola Peninsula for observations of auroral structures at 

different scales: (i) all-sky TV camera LCL-902 (1/2” CCD) with Fujinon lens YV2.2×1.4A-SA2; (ii) two monochromatic 

cameras Guppy F-044B NIR (1/2”CCD) with Fujinon lens HF25HA-1B for 15 ◦ field of view and glass filter 

558 nm; (iii) two color cameras Guppy F-044C NIR (1/2”CCD) with Fujinon lens DF6HA-1B for 60 ◦ field of 

view. The cameras installed at the main building of Apatity division of PGI (67 ◦ 34’13"N, 33 ◦ 23’54"E) and at 

Apatity range (67 ◦ 34’42"N, 33 ◦ 18’35"E). The distance between these points is 3850 m, so the identical cameras 

are used as a stereoscopic system. For winter season 2010-2011 the equipment were upgraded by special blocks of 

GPS-synchronized time triggering, temperature control and motorized pan-tilt rotation mounts. All cameras are 

accessible and operated remotely via Internet. The observational complex is aimed to following scientific problems: 

(i) Scaling in small-scale structures of aurora; (ii) Spatial structure of pulsating aurora; (iii) Vertical distribution in 

rayed structures; (iv) Relations between proton and electron precipitations (as a support of spectral observations at 

Apatity range). The report presents preliminary analysis of the auroral events observed. 


56 

Long-term changes in the auroral occurrence in Finland and Svalbard 

Partamies, Noora 1 , Kauristie, Kirsti 1 , Ketola, Anneli 1 , Mattanen, Jyrki 2 and Mäkinen, Sanna 1 

1 FMI, Helsinki, Finland 

2 FMI, Sodankylä, Finland 

Abstract 

Digital all-sky camera (ASC) imaging of the aurora started in the MIRACLE network in late 90ś. While the first 

couple of seasons, there were only a few stations in routine operation, by the year 2000 already 7 ASCs were 

continuously monitoring the night sky above Finland and Svalbard. We used the quicklook data (keograms) from 5 

ASC stations to describe the solar cycle driven variation in the auroral occurrence in 2000-2010. The locations of 

our sample stations range over the auroral oval latitudes in the MIRACLE sector. The results reveal that during 

the past solar minimum the auroral occurrence decreased fastest and most significantly in the southern latitudes, 

remarkably in the average oval latitudes and least in the poleward part of the auroral oval. The available long time 

series of systematic auroral occurrence from several latitudinally spread stations is a unique data set but very tedious 

to investigate manually. Automated image analysis is required for more detailed studies of solar cycle variation in 

aurora. 


38 AM Abstract book

On tomography-like reconstruction from colour auroral images 

Partamies, Noora 1 , Sangalli, Laureline 2 , Gustavsson, Björn 3 , Syrjäsuo, Mikko 1 , Donovan, Eric 4 , Connors, Martin 5 , 

Charrois, Dan 6 and Kryzanowsky, Zane 4 

1 FMI, Helsinki, Finland 

2 RMC, Kingston, ON, Canada 

3 University of Southampton, Southampton, UK 

4 University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada 

5 University of Alberta, Athabasca, AB, Canada 

6 Syzygy Research & Technology, Legal, AB, Canada 

57 

Abstract 

We briefly describe a Canadian colour camera imaging system (Dense Array Imaging SYstem, DAISY) for aurora. 

The main goals of DAISY were to measure previously less observed scale sizes of the aurora, and to study the 

possibility of using colour images in tomography-like applications to determine the altitude distribution of the 

auroral emissions. Our first attempts to do auroral tomography on colour images show that the most dominant 

green (557.7 nm) emission line can be well-reconstructed with meaningful peak emission altitudes and horizontal 

scales. Fainter emissions at red (630.0 nm) and blue (427.8 nm and other N 2 emission) wavelengths could not be 

separated from the green spectral line due to the lack of spectral resolution of the colour CCD. 


58 

Characteristic energy in an auroral Spiral 

Frissell, Nathaniel A. 1 , Reistad, Jone Peter 2 , Partamies, Noora 3 and Lorentzen, Dag 4 

1 Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, USA 

2 University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway 


4 University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway 

Abstract 

We are presenting a multi-instrument study of an auroral spiral observed during substorm conditions on February 17, 

2010 from the Kjell Henriksen Observatory, Svalbard. Probing the vicinity of the spiral using a meridian-scanning 

photometer reveals that the characteristic energy of the precipitating particles are increasing and decreasing as the 

spiral winds and unwinds as seen in the all-sky images. Also, the rate of energization is an order of magnitude larger 

than the de-energization rate. In terms of size, lifetime and winding direction this spiral is behaving according to 

existing theories. Evidence of an enhancement in the upward field-aligned current 30-45 seconds before the apparent 

maximum optical spiral winding is found in the magnetometer data. Optical intensities and hence the modelled 

energies also shows an intensification prior to the optical winding with the prior mentioned time. With a proxy 

in this time lag we are discussing where this spiral structure is likely to be formed. A rough trace back from the 

ionosphere with the Alfvén velocity for 45 seconds indicate that the observed disturbance formed about 17R E from 

the earth. 


38 AM Abstract book

59 

Pc2 auroral pulsations 

Roldugin, Valentin 1 , Roldugin, Alexey 1 and Pilgaev, Sergey 1 


Abstract 

There are regular optical observations of aurora in Lovozero (ϕ = 68.0 ◦ N, λ = 35.0 ◦ E, φ = 64.4 ◦ , Λ = 114.3 ◦ ) by 

all sky camera ”Spica”. This camera consists of ”fish-eye” lens of model FE-0.8-MAO(4.2) manufactured by Main 

Astronomical Observatory UAS, and CCD F-046 Stingray. The frame rate is one per second, the resolution is 360 

x 360 pixels with two bytes per pixel. 

The event of 2 February 2011 morning is considered. During recovery phase of negative bay about of 40 nT 

between 0200 and 0400 UT some trains of geomagnetic pulsations Pc2 with 7.5 sec period and about of 0.04 nT 

intensity appeared. Near the northern horizon a homogeneous arc was observed, and to the South from it weak 

auroras with indistinct form were situated. We discriminate 11 circles in field of view: 3 near zenith and 8 along 

azimuth every 45 ◦ , and determine averaged light intensity in each circle. Thus obtained variations of luminosity 

with 1 sec resolution in different circles are compared with magnetic pulsations with 0.1 sec resolution. 

It is found that in the circles with aurora the luminosity variations correlate well with the geomagnetic Pc2 

pulsations. The ”pearl” structure is observed both in magnetic and auroral oscillations. The luminosity bursts are 

accompanied by positive half-periods in Z-component, by negative ones in D-component, and the positive peaks in 

H lag with the luminous peaks about of π/2. 


60 

Event Study of the Peak Auroral Emission Altitude from All-sky Images 

Sangalli, Laureline 1 , Gustavsson, Björn 2 , Partamies, Noora 3 and Kauristie, Kirsti 3 

1 Royal Military College, Kingston, Ontario, Canada 

2 University of Southampton, UK 


Abstract 

The MIRACLE network monitors auroral activity in the Fennoscandian sector of Europe. Network stations cover 

the range of 55 ◦ to 57 ◦ magnetic latitude North and span two hours in magnetic local time. Some of the MIRACLE 

network stations include digital all-sky cameras (ASC). Some of the ASCs currently in use are: systems with an 

image intensifier in front of a CCD (iCCD), systems with electron multiplying CCD (emCCD). Both iCCD and 

emCCD cameras in the MIRACLE network operate at three different wavelengths: 427.8 nm, 557.7 nm and 630.0 

nm. Each wavelength is selected using narrow band filters on a filter wheel placed in front of the CCD. Our goal is 

to evaluate the peak auroral emission altitude using ASC images at different stations pairs for a set of auroral event 

in order to evaluate the altitude of peak auroral emissions for different auroral structures. We adapted the AIDA 

software package developed by Björn Gustavsson in Kiruna for ASC images. Position calibrated images at two (or 

more) ASC stations are for optical triangulation of a set of auroral structures. 


38 AM Abstract book

61 

Multi-station optical study of substorm breakup auroral arcs 

Sergienko, Tima 1 , Axelsson, Katarina 1 , Gustavsson, Björn 2 , Sandahl, Ingrid 1 and Brändström, Urban 1 

1 Swedish institute of space physics, Kiruna, Sweden 

2 University of Southampton, Southampton, U. K 

Abstract 

This report presents a detailed case study of the temporal evolution of growth-phase and substorm breakup auroral 

arcs. On December 18, 2006 a substorm breakup was observed above Kiruna, Sweden with the high-resolution 

multi-station and multi-wavelength Auroral Large Imaging System (ALIS). Multi-station auroral observations allow 

us running tomography-like reconstruction of the volume distribution of auroral emissions. The 3D distribution of 

the volume emission rates was converted to characteristics of the precipitating auroral electrons and, thereby, the 

temporal and spatial dynamics of the auroral particles were studied. The event we have examined indicates: 1) the 

system of growth-phase arcs consisted of four auroral arcs with approximately same width (≈7–10 km) and same 

intensity in the green (557.7 nm) line; 2) the two most equatorward arcs were formed by more energetic electrons 

(>3 keV) while less energetic electrons (

62 

Two methods to forecast auroral displays 

Sigernes, Fred 1 , Dyrland, Margit 1 , Brekke, Pål 2 , Chernouss, Sergey 3 , Lorentzen, Dag Arne 1 , Oksavik, Kjellmar 1 

and Deehr, Charles 4 


2 Norwegian Space Centre, Oslo, Norway 


4 Geophysical Institute, Fairbanks, USA 

Abstract 

This work compares the methods by Starkov (1994a) and Zhang & Paxton (2008), that calculate the size and location 

of the auroral ovals as a function of planetary Kp index. The ovals are mapped in position and time onto a solar 

illuminated surface model of the Earth. It displays both the night- and dayside together with the location of the 

twilight zone as Earth rotates under the ovals. The graphical display serves as a tool to forecast auroral activity 

based on the predicted value of the Kp index. The Zhang & Paxton (2008) ovals are wider in latitude than the 

Starkov (1994a) ovals. The nightside model ovals coincide fairly well in shape for low to normal auroral conditions. 

The equatorward border of the diffuse aurora is well defined by both methods on the nightside for Kp

Polarisation of emission lines in upper atmospheres of planets 

Simon Wedlund, Cyril 1 , Lamy, Hervé 1 , Barthélemy, Mathieu 2 , Lilensten, Jean 2 , Gronoff, Guillaume 3 , López 

Ariste, Arturo 4 and Bommier, Véronique 5 

1 Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy BIRA-IASB, Brussels, Belgium 

2 Institut de Planétologie et Astrophysique IPAG-LPG, Grenoble, France 

3 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA 

4 THEMIS, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain 

5 LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Paris, France 

63 

Abstract 

The polarisation of electromagnetic radiations is a key observable that enables the retrieval of essential information 

encoded in the emissions of planetary upper atmospheres. Polarisation may arise from spherical symmetry departures 

in the line or continuum formation, which in the case of space plasmas, may be due to magnetic or electric fields, 

scattering of directive radiation, scattering by aligned dust particles or direct impact from electrons or particles. 

In this paper, new spectropolarimetric observations of planetary upper atmospheres including those of Earth, 

Jupiter and Mercury are presented with special focus on the theoretics behind them. 

Recently, observations by Lilensten et al. (2008) and Barthélemy et al. (2011) reported that Earth’s auroral 

red line (λ = 6300 Å O I) is around 1–2% radially polarised, a much lower value than theoretically predicted by 

Bommier et al. (2011). Depolarisation processes involving collisions can explain these differences. Theory predicts 

that this measurement is not sensitive to the energy of precipitating electrons but can provide an estimate of their 

densities through depolarisation processes. A new dedicated spectropolarimeter currently built between BIRA and 

IPAG will provide better polarisation measurements of the auroral red line as well as that of other emissions (e.g., 

λ = 8446 Å O I, λ = 4278 Å N + 2 1NG, other N 2 bands, etc.). 

At Jupiter, polarisation of the λ = 3.95µm H + 3 emission was observed in the auroral zone with the UKIRT 

telescope (Barthélemy et al., 2011): although no explanation exists at present, it may be due to local anisotropies 

such as electric and magnetic fields. At Mercury, the polarisation of the exospheric λ=5891 Å Na D 2 line was 

discovered using the solar telescope THEMIS (López Ariste et al., 2011): arising from solar light scattering in a 

collision-free exosphere, this polarisation is sensitive to the direction of the magnetic field (but not its intensity) 

through the Hanle effect and may also give upper limits for exospheric densities. 

Perspectives for future studies and how spectropolarimetry may help characterise planetary upper atmospheres, 

from airglow and aurorae to aerosols, will be discussed. 


64 

3D reconstruction of N + 2 

System (ALIS) 

and OI auroral emissions using the Auroral Large Imaging 

Cyril Simon Wedlund 1 , Hervé Lamy 1 , Björn Gustavsson 2 , Tima Sergienko 3 and Urban Brändström 3 

1 Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, BIRA-IASB, Brussels, Belgium 

2 Space Environment Physics Group, University of Southampton, UK 

3 Swedish Institute of Space Physics, IRF, Kiruna, Sweden 

Abstract 

In 2008 and 2009, coordinated campaigns were organised between the European Incoherent Scatter Radar (EISCAT) 

and the Auroral Large Imaging System (ALIS) situated in Northern Scandinavia in order to study stable discrete 

auroral arcs. With ALIS the N + 2 (4278 Å) 1NG band, the oxygen lines OI (5577 Å) and OI (6300 Å) can be observed 

and their profiles can be reconstructed in 3D by means of tomography-like reconstruction techniques. 

Inversions of the 3D reconstructed volume emission rate of N + 2 and of the electron densities measured by EISCAT 

yield energy spectra of the precipitating auroral electrons that can be used as input into transport kinetic/fluid models 

such as TRANS4. 

Both inversions give matching results with a typical average precipitation energy of a few keV. The spatial and 

temporal extent of the auroral arcs is assessed using average arc width in different wavelengths and the distribution 

of the characteristic electron energy as parameters. 

In the memory of Prof. Ingrid Sandahl, who has been the constant inspiration behind this work. 


38 AM Abstract book

Statistical study of the peak auroral emission height using the MIRACLE all-sky 

camera network 

Whiter, Daniel 1 , Partamies, Noora 1 and Sangalli, Laureline 2 


2 Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario 

65 

Abstract 

The aurora is often assumed to have a peak emission height of about 110 km. An assumed auroral height has been 

used in simple geometrical calculations to determine auroral horizontal spatial scales and optical flow velocities, 

among other properties. However, the height of the aurora is not constant, and the accuracy and validity of assumed 

heights are not clear. A statistical study of the auroral height using many years of observations will lead to more 

accurate assumed heights with quantitative error estimates, and therefore more accurate estimates of parameters 

derived using these assumed auroral heights. An automated correlation process for quickly determining the average 

peak auroral emission height of a structure observed by a pair of all-sky cameras will be presented, along with 

preliminary results of a statistical study using MIRACLE all-sky camera images. 


66 


38 AM Abstract book

67 

Troposphere and stratosphere 


68 


38 AM Abstract book

Studying gravity waves and turbulence in the stratosphere using satellite observations 

of stellar scintillation 

Sofieva, Viktoria 1 


69 

Abstract 

Stellar scintillation observed through the Earth atmosphere is the result of interaction of light wave and turbulent 

atmosphere. This presentation is dedicated to using satellite stellar scintillation measurements for studies of gravity 

waves and turbulence in the Earth atmosphere. A methodology for retrieving the information about the small-scale 

air density irregularities from scintillation measurements is discussed. The overview of the main geophysical results 

that are obtained from EFO-2/MIR and GOMOS/Envisat fast photometer measurements is presented. The benefits 

of the scintillation method in studies of the structure of air density irregularities and its limitations will be also 

discussed. 


70 


38 AM Abstract book

71 

Radiation and atmospheric components 


72 


38 AM Abstract book

The annual cycle of precipitable water vapor over the Iberian Peninsula inferred from 

MODIS observations and its comparison with GPS data 

Bennouna, Yasmine 1 , Ortiz de Galisteo, Jose Pablo 2 , Cachorro, Victoria 1 , Toledano, Carlos 1 , Berjón, Alberto 3 , 

Fuertes, David 1 , Gonzalez, Ramiro 1 , Torres, Benjamin 1 , Marcos, Jose Luis 4 , Martín, Leticia 1 and de Frutos, Angel 

Maximo 1 

1 Atmospheric Optics Group (GOA), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain 

2 Meteorological State Agency of Spain (AEMET), Territorial Delegation of Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain 

3 Izaña Atmospheric Research Center, Meteorological State Agency of Spain (AEMET), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, 

Spain 

4 Department of Agriculture and Forestry Engineering, University of Valladolid, Palencia, Spain 

73 

Abstract 

Water vapor is well known to be the most dominant greenhouse gas in the Earth’s atmosphere, and yet its high 

variability in both space and time constrains our understanding of the global energy and water balance. To study 

the spatial and temporal distribution of water vapor amount, one of the most common term is precipitable water 

vapor (PWV), referring to column integrated water vapor. 

The locations of ground monitoring stations are sparse, and the periods covered by the datasets are generally 

limited to a few years. In order to monitor drought conditions and characterize regional climatic variability, a 

detailed description of seasonal and annual changes in PWV on regional scales is essential. There is thus a crucial 

need for accurate remote sensing techniques that can provide water vapor information on a daily basis with a spatial 

resolution of the order of 1 to 5 km and over a long period of time. With the deployment of a new generation 

of earth observation satellites in the past decade, considerable improvement of coverage and quality of remotely 

sensed moisture parameters has been achieved. The MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) sensor 

flown on the Terra and Aqua satellites is well suited for the monitoring of atmospheric properties from space. The 

standard MODIS level 2 products MOD05(Terra) and MYD05(Aqua) provide two different PWV datasets based on 

the retrievals of independent algorithms: the MODIS near-infrared algorithm (for daytime only), and the MODIS 

infrared algorithm (for both night and day). Near-infrared PWV data are given at a resolution of 1x1 km, and 

infrared PWV data at a resolution of 5x5 km. 

This study comes to complement a previous study on the annual cycle of precipitable water vapor (PWV) over 

the Iberian Peninsula derived from 7 years of GPS, Radio Sounding and sun photometer data. Here, the annual 

cycle of PWV is derived from satellite data of both MODIS Terra and Aqua for the same period (2002-2008), at 

18 sites of the Iberian Peninsula. At all sites the annual cycle presents the typical shape with low values in the 

winter and high values in the summer, and the north-south gradient is clearly depicted. The differences between the 

two techniques used to derive the PWV from MODIS observations (i.e. infrared and near infrared) are estimated. 

Besides, these annual cycles are evaluated by means of comparison with those obtained with the GPS network. 


74 

Theoretical validation of the method of retrieval of atomic oxygen altitude profile 

from intensity of the electronic-vibrationally excited molecule O 2 (b 1 Σ + g , v=2) emission 

in the MLT 

Yankovsky, Valentine 1 and Fedotova, Ekaterina 1 

1 Atmospheric Physics Department of St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia 

Abstract 

There is a problem of determining the vertical profile of concentration of atomic oxygen O( 3 P), in the lower thermosphere 

and the mesosphere above the mesopause. The study shows that the volume emission rate generated by 

emissions from excited levels of molecules O 2 (b 1 Σ + g , v=0-2) depend strongly on the vertical profiles of [O( 3 P)], [O 3 ] 

and other atmospheric components. 

For a comparative analysis of the influence of these factors on the profiles of [O 2 (b 1 Σ + g , v=0-2)] the modern 

model of kinetics of electronic-vibrationally excited products of photodissociation of ozone and molecular oxygen in 

the Earth’s middle atmosphere, YM2010, are used [1]. Model YM2010 takes into account 27 processes of production 

and deactivation of excited levels of oxygen molecules in the states O 2 (b 1 Σ + g , v=0-2) including the processes of O 2 

photodissociation in the Schumann-Runge continuum, J(SRC), and in Lyman-Alpha line , J(Ly α ), O 3 photodissociation 

in the Hartley band, J(Hartley), and resonant absorption of solar radiation by O 2 molecules in the bands 

762, 689 and 629 nm, J(b0), J(b1), J(b2), respectively. In order to clarify the role of atomic oxygen in the formation 

of vertical profiles of O 2 (b 1 Σ + g , v=0-2), we carried out the sensitivity analysis of the model to variations of the 

following parameters: J(SRC), J(Ly α ), J(Hartley), J(b0), J(b1), J(b2), [O 3 ], [N 2 ], [O 2 ], Tg, quantum yields and rate 

constants of aeronomical reactions. 

It is shown, that the profile of [O 2 (b 1 Σ + g , v=2)] significantly more sensitive to variations of atomic oxygen 

concentration than the profiles of [O 2 (b 1 Σ + g , v=0-1)] [2]. It is important to note, that the height profile of [O 2 (b 1 Σ + g , 

v=2)] does not depend on ozone concentration. The results of sensitivity analysis allowed us to formulate and solve 

the inverse problem of retrieval of [O( 3 P)] vertical profile from the height profile of [O 2 (b 1 Σ + g , v=2)] in the altitude 

range 85-120 km. Approbation of the proposed method of [O( 3 P)] retrieval was based on numerical simulation using 

the data on atmospheric models for the satellite TIMED-SABER experiment. 

1. Yankovsky V.A., Manuilova R.O. Model of daytime emissions of electronically-vibrationally excited products 

of O 3 and O 2 photolysis: Application to ozone retrieval. Annales Geophysicae, 2006, 24, 11, 2823. 

2. Yankovsky V.A., Fedotova E.A. New method for retrieving the atomic oxygen vertical profile from measured 

intensity of the emission of electronically-vibrationally excited O 2 band in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere, 

5 international conference ’Atmospheric physics, climate, and environment’, 2010, 64. 


38 AM Abstract book

Longterm CO 2 changes in the tropo-stratosphere from in situ and optical measurements 

Gavrilov, N. M. 1 , Semyonov, V. K. 2 , Sinyakov, V. P. 2 , Tans, P. 3 , Guenther, D. 4 and Kashin, F. V. 5 

1 Saint-Petersburg State University, Atmospheric Physics Dept., Petrodvorets,198504, Russia 

2 Kyrgyz National University, Institute of Fundamental Research, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan 

3 Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory, NOAA, Boulder, USA 

4 Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA 

5 Institute of Experimental Meteorology, SPA ”Typhoon”, Obninsk, Russia 

75 

Abstract 

Spectroscopic measurements of CO 2 mixing ratio are important for validating existed and future satellite observations. 

Therefore, validating and improvement of main assumptions used in spectroscopic CO 2 studies are of interest. 

Spectroscopic measurements of CO 2 contant in the atmospheric column have been made since year 1980 at the 

Issyk-Kul station (42 o N, 77 o E). One of the main assumptions of the method is constant CO 2 mixing ratio at all 

altitudes in the atmosphere. In this study we analyze vertical changes of CO 2 mixing ratio and its seasonal variations 

in the troposphere from the data of flask aircraft measurements at Carr (41 o N, 105 o W) during many years. These 

measurements are made over Rocky Mountains at approximately same latitude as Issyk-Kul station. The results are 

compared with optical CO 2 measurements and surface data for sites close to Carr and Issyk-Kul station. Statistical 

analysis of airplane, surface and optical CO 2 measurements over USA and Middle Asia during many years shows 

that general trends and seasonal CO 2 variations are almost the same at all altitudes 3 – 8 km in well mixed region 

over Rocky Mountains. Surface and low-altitude CO 2 variations show larger dependence on local conditions. Optical 

measurements give information about CO 2 variations mainly in free troposphere, which are more homogeneous over 

the globe. 


76 

GOMOS/ENVISAT overview 

Kyrölä, Erkki 1 


Abstract 

GOMOS (Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars) on ESA’s Envisat-satellite measures transmission of 

light through the Earth’s atmosphere in the limb direction using the stellar occultation method. From transmissions 

it is possible to retrieve vertical density profiles of ozone, NO 2 , NO 3 , H 2 O, O 2 , and aerosols in the stratosphere and 

ozone also in the MLT region. High-resolution temperature profiles in the 15–35 km altitude range can be retrieved 

using data from the two fast photometers. In this presentation we will show main scientific results from GOMOS 

during the nine years in operation. We will show climatological and time series analysis of ozone, NO 2 , NO 3 from 

2002–2011. Results about OClO, mesopause sodium layer, polar mesospheric clouds, gravity waves and turbulence 

and impact of energetic particles on polar NO y and ozone will be highlighted. We also review the development of 

the GOMOS data quality during 2002–2011. 


38 AM Abstract book

77 

Long-term Arctic and Antarctic UV measurements 

Lakkala, Kaisa 1 

1 Finnish Meteorological Institution, Finland 

Abstract 

The Earth’s ecosystems are protected from the dangerous part of the solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation by stratospheric 

ozone, which absorbs most of the harmful UV wavelengths. Severe depletion of stratospheric ozone has been observed 

in the Antarctic region, and to a lesser extent in the Arctic and mid-latitudes. Concern about the effects of increasing 

UV radiation on human beings and the natural environment has led to ground based monitoring of UV radiation. 

The Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) was among the first institutes to monitor UV radiation at high northern 

latitudes, in areas where spring-time polar stratospheric ozone loss was observed. Spectral UV measurements were 

started in 1990 at the FMI Arctic Research Centre at Sodankylä (67N). There, due to stratospheric dynamics, the 

natural variability in UV radiation is high, especially in springtime. The variability is enhanced by the influence 

of the ground snow cover, whose amount and duration vary from year to year. This combination, together with 

the possible chemical ozone loss, makes measurements at the site important from an ecological point of view. 

The Antarctic NILU-UV network was founded in 1999 and 2000 as a Spanish-Argentinian-Finnish co-operation 

project. Three NILU-UV multichannel filter radiometer have been setup at Antarctic stations in order to monitor 

ground-based ozone, UV and photosynthetically active (PAR) radiation. The location of the stations with respect 

to the stratospheric polar vortex is interesting, as the vortex plays an important role in the mechanism of ozone 

depletion. Belgrano, (77S), is mostly located inside the vortex; Marambio (64S) is at various time inside, on the 

edge of, or outside the vortex, while Ushuaia (54S) is mostly outside the vortex. Ushuaia is one of the few inhabited 

towns situated in an area of severe Antarctic ozone loss. These stations make possible real-time studies of the 

impact of daily changes in the polar vortex on total ozone and UV radiation reaching the ground. Atmospheric 

conditions both in Finland and in the Antarctic region are challenging for UV measurements: e.g., most of the 

measurements are performed at high solar zenith angle (SZA), most of the time the sky has changing cloud cover, 

and the temperatures below freezing occur during wintertime. The key question and the most challenging part of 

the UV radiation measurements is the quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA) of the data. This QC/QA 

includes daily maintenance, laboratory characterizations, corrections for all known measurement errors, and control 

of the homogeneity of the data time series. Only homogeneous time series allow the drawing of conclusions regarding 

long-term changes in the UV radiation amount. 


78 

Retrieval of ozone altitude profile from O 2 (b 1 Σ g , v=0,1) emission intensity in the middle 

atmosphere 

Yankovsky, Valentine 1 , Martishenko, Xenia 1 and Manuilova, Rada 1 

1 St.Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia 

Abstract 

The study considers the possibility of retrieval of ozone vertical profile from observations of emissions of molecules 

O 2 (b 1 Σ g , v=0,1). For the analysis we used a model of electronic-vibrationally excited products of photodissociation 

of ozone and molecular oxygen in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere, YM2010 [1]. Using YM2010 model in the 

direct problem we calculated the vertical profiles of O 2 (b 1 Σ g , v=0), O 2 (b 1 Σ g , v=1) and O( 1 D) concentrations. In 

the calculations we used the atmospheric models from the series of events TIMED-SABER satellite experiment (for 

middle latitudes), as well as the rates and quantum yields of 27 aeronomical reactions and the rates of O 3 photolysis 

in the Hartley band and O 2 photolysis in the Schumann-Runge continuum and Lyman-α line. In the inverse problem 

the calculated concentration of O 2 (b 1 Σ g , v=0) and O 2 (b 1 Σ g , v=1) were considered as known and used to retrieve 

the height profile of ozone. For this purpose we analyzed the sensitivity of the model of electronic- vibrational 

kinetics of the photolysis of O 2 and O 3 depending on the variations of all model parameters (the concentrations of 

atmospheric components, gas temperature, photodissociation rates, reaction rate constants and quantum yields of 

the products of these reactions) [2]. As a result, the components and reactions which have the greatest influence 

on the calculations have been revealed.O 2 (b 1 Σ g , v=1) concentration has a higher sensitivity to variations of ozone 

in the altitude range 50-92 km in comparison with O 2 (b 1 Σ g , v=0) concentration. O 2 (b 1 Σ g , v=0) has a relatively 

high sensitivity to variations of ozone at altitudes interval 90–103 km. Along with a complete solution of the inverse 

problem the parameterization of solution, in which the reactions with the lowest sensitivity is ignored, is considered. 

Work is supported by RFBR grant 09-05-00694. 

1. Yankovsky V.A., Manuilova R.O. Model of daytime emissions of electronically-vibrationally excited products 

of O 3 and O 2 photolysis: Application to ozone retrieval. Annales Geophysicae, 2006, 24, 11, 2823. 2. Yankovsky 

V. A., Kuleshova V. A. Model of daytime emissions of electronically-vibrationally excited products of O 3 and O 2 

photolysis: sensitivity analysis of direct and inverse problems 37th Annual European Meeting on Atmospheric Studies 

by Optical Methods, 23-27 August 2010, Valladolid, Spain; http://goa.uva.es/37AM/media/presentaciones/7. 

5-VA_Yankovsky.pdf, 2010. 


38 AM Abstract book

Comparison of satellite and ground-based spectroscopic measurements of HF total 

column amount 

Yagovkina, Irina 1 , Polyakov, Alexander 1 , Timofeyev, Yuri 1 and Walker, Kaley 2 

1 Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia 

2 University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario , USA 

79 

Abstract 

During 2009–2010 near St.Petersburg (Russia) the values of HF total column amount were derived from groundbased 

measurements of direct solar radiation by Fourier-spectrometer Bruker FS-125. Different estimates of errors 

of ground-based measurements have shown that random and systematic errors are 1–5% and 5–6%, respectively. 

Comparison of ground-based HF measurements with data of ACE FTS instrument demonstrated good agreement 

with consideration for measurement errors of both instruments and spatial-temporal mismatch. This work has been 

partly supported by Min. Education and Science grants in the frame of Federal Purposive Program ”Scientific and 

Educational Pool of Innovational Russia” P969 from 27.05.2010. 


80 

Possibility of ozone and atomic oxygen retrievals from measured intensities of the 

molecule O 2 (b1Σ+g,v≤ 2) emissions in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. 

Yankovsky, Valentine 1 , Manuilova, Rada 1 and Semenov, Aleksey 1 

1 Atmospheric Physics Department of St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia 

Abstract 

The extended model (YM2006) of photodissociation of O 2 and O 3 in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere 

(Yankovsky V.A., Manuilova R.O., Annales Geophysicae, 2006, V 24, N 11, P 2823) is used for detailed analysis 

of electronic-vibrationally excited levels O 2 (b 1 Σ + g ,v≤ 2) populations. In the framework of this problem system 

of kinetic balance equations were considered for 4 levels: 3 electronic-vibrationally excited levels O 2 (b 1 Σ + g ,v≤ 2) 

and first excited level of atomic oxygen O( 1 D). Besides of photolysis of O 3 in Hartley bands, photolysis of O 2 in 

the Schuman-Runge continuum and Lyman-α line and excitation of all three considered vibrational levels of the 

electronic state O 2 (b 1 Σ + g ) due to direct absorption of solar radiation in 762, 689, 629 nm bands are considered. All 

processes of quenching of excited states O 2 (b 1 Σ + g ,v≤ 2) and O( 1 D) in collision with O( 3 P), O 2 , N 2 , O 3 and CO 2 

are taken into account. In whole, 27 processes of excitation and deactivation of O 2 (b 1 Σ + g ,v≤ 2) and O( 1 D) levels 

were included. Using the sensitivity study we have shown that the altitude profiles of O 2 (b1Σ+g, v≤ 2) populations 

substantially depend on O( 3 P) and O 3 concentrations. In the altitude interval 85–120 km excited level O 2 (b1Σ+g, 

v=2) is deactivated mainly in collisional processes with O( 3 P). The altitude profile of O 2 (b 1 Σ + g , v=1) population is 

mainly connected with [O 3 ] altitude dependence. The altitude profile of O 2 (b1Σ+g, v=0) population depends both 

on [O 3 ] and [O( 3 P)] altitude profiles. The study shows the possibilities of ozone and atomic oxygen retrievals from 

measured intensities of different emissions from excited levels O 2 (b 1 Σ + g , v=0, 1, 2) in the mesosphere and lower 

thermosphere. The work was partly supported by RFBR grant 09-05-00694. 


38 AM Abstract book

81 

Instrumentation and techniques 


82 


38 AM Abstract book

83 

A gravity wave spectrometry from space and ground 

Alpatov, Victor 1 and Belyaev, Alexey 1 


Abstract 

There are no methods that are currently in use that can obtain the three-dimensional wave number (3D) spectrum 

of the atmospheric gravity waves (GW). The aim of this work is to develop the methodology which can be used 

to infer the 3D GW spectra from the images obtained by ground-based and space-borned airglow imagers. The 

method is developed to estimate 3D spectrum parameters directly from a set of the images obtained under different 

foreshortenings. It is shown how the data obtained by a space-borned airglow imager may be treated to infer 

the 3D wave number spectrum of the temperature fluctuations caused by the GW-ensemble. We describe also a 

configuration of several airglow imagers which are to be placed on the ground to achieve multiple perspectives of the 

emission layer as it is perturbed by gravity waves. This approach is demonstrated by the results of a simulation. 


84 

The central slice theorem for a gravity wave spectrometry 

Belyaev, Alexey 1 


Abstract 

It is derived the Fredholm equation of the first kind, which describes the relations between the GW spectrum and 

the horizontal structure of the airglow wave perturbations registered by the airglow imager. This equation can be 

seen as an analogue of the projection-slice theorem (or central-slice theorem) in the computer tomography. It is 

shown that its solution is a central slice through 3D GW spectrum. The plane of this slice is perpendicular to the 

optical axis of the airglow imager. Thus, in order to retrieve the 3D GW spectrum from the airglow observations it 

is needed to obtain a set of the images of the local area of the emission layer under various foreshortenings. 


38 AM Abstract book

Calibrating auroral cameras 

Brändström, Urban 1 , Wang, Zilu 1 , Sergienko, Tima 1 , Gustavsson, Björn 2 , Axelsson, Katarina 1 , Enell, Carl- 

Fredrik 3 , Mäkinen, Sanna 4 and Sigernes, Fred 5 

1 Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden 

2 University of Southampton, Southampton, U. K 

3 Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory, Sodankylä, Finland 


5 The Kjell Henriksen Observatory, UNIS, Longerbyen, Norway 

85 

Abstract 

This paper is presented in memoriam: Professor Ingrid Sandahl 1949-2011. 

Absolute calibration of auroral photometers has a long history in the optical communities. The main means 

of calibration has been low-light sources inter-calibrated at regular calibration workshops held during the optical 

meetings. This technique was to some extent inherited when the need for accurate absolute calibration of auroral 

imagers arose in the late 1980’s. However, calibrating an auroral imager is a significantly more difficult task. Before 

absolute calibration, the instrument signature must be removed. For wide field-of-view imaging the major obstacle 

here is obtaining an acceptable flat-field correction image, but there are also other problems related to this. 

Three methods are currently in use for absolute calibration of auroral imagers: (1) The traditional method 

involving inter-calibrated low-intensity light-standards; (2) High-intensity light-standards combined with Lambertian 

screens (or integrating spheres) and Neutral-Density (ND) filters; and (3) Techniques involving imaging of catalogue 

stars with well-known spectras. While each of these methods can provide acceptable results, the last one also takes the 

atmosphere and domes into account; most notably, it can be applied directly on the measurement site. Unfortunately 

these three methods are not compared on a regular basis and actions should be taken by the community to remedy 

this. 

The task of mapping the field-of-view of each pixel to the observed object is called geometrical calibration. A 

common, well-developed method is to obtain a set of star-images for each of the viewing directions under consideration. 

Then the positions of the stars are calculated from a star catalogue and mapped down to the image coordinates. 

Then preferably more than 100 stars, evenly distributed across the image, are identified. Finally a transfer function 

is adjusted so that the calculated and actual positions of the stars overlap. This transfer function is then used to 

calculate the field-of-view of each pixel of the CCD. 

This paper will discuss the various calibration techniques for auroral imagers and present preliminary results 

of a recent comparison of traditional absolute calibration of ALIS with a calibration using well-known spectras of 

catalogue stars. 


86 

Multi-spectral LIDAR system — Design, build and test 

Fastig, Shlomo 1 , Ehrlich, Yossi 1 , Pearl, Shaul 1 , Naor, Eran 1 , Kraus, Yaniv 1 , Inbar, Tuvia 1 and Katz, David 1 

1 Soreq NRC, Yavne, Israel 

Abstract 

Long range, UV-IR combined LIDAR system was built and tested. The systemś modes of operation are: multiwavelength 

DIAL in the IR (8–11 µm), dual excitation wavelengths LIF LIDAR in the UV, and aerosol optical 

scattering for mapping and tracking at 1.5 µm. The IR transmitter is a continuous tunable solid-state Tandem 

Optical Parametric Oscillator (OPO) that was developed and built at Soreq. The first OPO stage generates a 1.5 

µm beam and which is used to a second OPO stage to generates the continuously tunable IR band. In the UV 

the transmitter generates and transmits either the 266 nm or the 355 nm wavelengths sequentially to generate LIF 

measurements simultaneously at 8 bands spanning ≈200 nm, starting from 280 nm and above. All the outgoing 

laser beams are aligned to ensure geometric overlap over the measured paths. Energy references are measured for 

each beam on every pulse. The receiver is based on a single reflective telescope with coatings optimized for both 

the UV and the IR. The optical signal received is routed between the different detection packages of the receiver 

by means of a fast computerized optical scanner mirror. The receiver-transmitter layout is based on the periscope 

geometry and is equipped with a large θ-φ scanner. Computer control enables fast switching between the different 

types of measurement and wavelengths, the data acquisition and the spatial scan as well. The system was built 

inside a mobile trailer and was field tested to discriminate different aerosol types in a complex environment. 


38 AM Abstract book

87 

Wind measurements by Doppler lidar 

Hildebrand, Jens 1 , Baumgarten, Gerd 1 , Fiedler, Jens 1 , Lübken, Franz-Josef 1 and von Cossart, Götz 1 

1 Leibniz-Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Kühlungsborn, Germany 

Abstract 

Wind measurements are essential for a comprehensive understanding of dynamical and thermal processes in the 

atmosphere. Winds determine the filtering of waves and reflect the balance between sources and sinks of energy 

and momentum. Unfortunately wind measurements are difficult in a large part of the middle atmosphere between 

about 30 and 70 km. This region is too high for balloons and the absence of free electrons prevents radar soundings. 

Rockets and satellites may cover part of this region but the first allow only sporadic snapshots while the latter have 

limited horizontal and temporal resolution. The Rayleigh/Mie/Raman (RMR) lidar at the ALOMAR observatory 

in Northern Norway (69 ◦ N, 16 ◦ E) covers the whole altitude range between about 15 and 90 km. Since 1997 

it measures temperatures and aerosols on routine basis and is fully daylight capable. During the last years it 

was successfully upgraded to additionally determine winds in the middle atmosphere. The technique is based on 

measuring the Doppler shift of light backscattered from moving molecules using the steep edge of an iodine absorption 

line. This requires a sophisticated laser and detection control since the relative Doppler shift is on the order of only 

∆ν/ν ∼ 10 −8 –10 −7 . The frequency of the transmitter is controlled by injection-seeding with an extremely stable 

seed laser and monitored to take offsets into account. Additionally the performance of the detection system is 

investigated continuously during measurement. The ALOMAR RMR lidar is designed as a twin system: it uses 

two transmitting lasers (each 150 MW peak power) and two independently tiltable telescopes (each 1.8 m diameter 

primary mirrors) which allows measuring vertical profiles of two wind components simultaneously. The retrieval 

currently provides winds in aerosol free parts of the middle atmosphere without external calibration. First results 

show good agreement with winds derived by radar, sodium resonance lidar and ECMWF re-analyses. We present 

our technical setup for wind measurements in the middle atmosphere and first results obtained during the last three 

years. 


88 

Numerical modeling of sounding of the atmosphere based on combined IR and microwave 

measurements on board ”Meteor-3M” satellite 

Polyakov, Alexander 1 , Timofeyev, Yuri 1 , Uspensky, Alexander 2 and Kostsov, Vladimir 1 

1 Saint-Petersburg state university, Saint-Petersburg, Russia 

2 SRC ”Planeta”, Moscow, Russia 

Abstract 

The technique for temperature-humidity sounding of the atmosphere based on combined IR and microwave measurements 

by IKFS-2 and MTVZA-GYa instruments onboard Â«Meteor-3MÂ» satellite has been developed. The 

method provides the possibility for both separate and joint interpretation of IR and microwave measurements for 

cloudy conditions (cloud parameters - the height of upper boundary and the cloud amount are derived independently). 

The technique is based on the linear regression method and a non-linear implementation of the optimal 

estimation method. The proposed method was tested and analyzed by means of closed-loop numerical experiments. 

Ensemble of atmospheric parameters used in the numerical experiments included profiles of temperature, humidity, 

ozone, methane, nitrogen dioxide and also cloud amount, cloud liquid water content, surface temperature and emissivity. 

Errors of the retrieval of temperature and humidity profiles, cloud and surface characteristics and mixing 

ratio values for greenhouse gases have been estimated under different conditions of satellite measurements. This 

work has been partly supported by grant of Russian Foundation for Basic Research 09-05-00797-a. 


38 AM Abstract book

Mobile unit for optical instruments installation at Barentsburg observatory. 

Roldugin, Alexey 1 , Chernouss, Sergey 1 , Pilgaev, Sergey 1 , Kuznetsova, Marina 1 , Milichenko, Alexander 2 and Fedorenko, 

Yuri 1 

1 Polar geophysical institute, Apatity, Russia 

2 Polar geophysical institute, Murmansk, Russia 

89 

Abstract 

Mobile unit for optical instruments installation at Barentsburg observatory. 

Roldugin A.V., Pilgaev S.V., Kuznetsova M.V., Chernouss S.A., Milichenko A.N., Fedorenko Yu.V. Polar Geophysical 

Institute of KSC RAS, Apatity-Murmansk. 

The mobile research unit is created in the Polar Geophysical Institute in 2010. This unit is designed to accommodate 

the scientific equipment used for carrying out of regular observations and special experiments. It is 

a standard 20-foot container, equipped with a powerful thermal insulation, temperature control system and nodes 

for the installation and holding of optical equipment. The unit is easily transported by a lorry, train and ship and 

can be installed at any minimally prepared site. It protects indoor equipment against any weather. To bring the 

equipment located in the unit to operating condition, it is sufficient to connect the Internet network cable and a 

power cable with 220 V voltage. The unit is divided into two rooms, one is designed for assemblage and adjustment 

of instrumentation, as well as the placement of data acquisition system and personnel accommodation, and 

second one is designed for optical equipment installation. The unit is currently equipped with a black-white all-sky 

CCD camera, visible range meridianal CCD spectrometer, and will be equipped by hiperspectral emission imager 

in frame of NORUSKA-2 programme for simultaneous observations by identical cameras at Barentsburg and KHO 

observatories in 2011–2012 years. 


90 

Novel MEMS and Piezoactuated Fabry-Perot spectral imagers for atmospheric studies 

Saari, Heikki 1 

1 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland 

Abstract 

Push broom imaging spectrometers has been used in instruments like GOMOS, SCIAMACHY, OMI and GOME. 

In these instruments the light is dispersed by means of a prism or by a diffraction grating. These push broom 

instruments form a 2D image on detector in which one axis is spectral and the other spatial dimension making it 

impossible to get an image of the atmospheric limb instantaneously. In ALTIUS (Fussen et.al.) the concept is to 

use the entire detector as an imager of the atmospheric limb to solve the tangent altitude registration problem (ref. 

http://altius.oma.be). In ALTIUS the acousto-optical tunable filters (AOTF) are used. A similar type of mission 

titled ”Spectral Imaging of Middle Atmosphere for Climate Change (SIMACC)”was proposed by Erkki Kyrölä, et.al. 

in response to ESA Call. In SIMACC instrument the Fabry-Perot Interferometer (FPI) tunable filters are used. The 

advantages of FPI technology over AOTF technology are higher optical throughput and flexibility in the wavelength 

range. 

This paper describes the technology and properties of the MEMS and Piezo-actuated FPI modules and spectral 

imagers based on them. The instrument concepts to utilize this technology in atmospheric studies will also be 

discussed. VTT has developed MEMS and Piezo-actuated Fabry-Perot Interferometer (FPI) modules for miniaturized 

spectrometers covering spectral regions from UV to thermal IR since 1990. This technology enables to build 

extremely compact imaging spectrometers. VTT has built a spectral imager for UAV that can be used in forest 

and agriculture applications. It is based on a Piezo-actuated FPI accompanied with a 5 Mpixel RGB CMOS image 

sensor. The mass of the spectral imager is less than 400 grams, and dimensions are 120 mm x 60 mm x 60 mm. The 

MEMS FPI is a monolithic device, i.e. it is made entirely on one substrate in a batch process, without assembling 

separate pieces together like in Piezo-actuated device. The gap is adjusted by moving the upper mirror with electrostatic 

force, so there are no actual moving parts. Benefit of the MEMS FPI is a low mass. The spectral imager 

based on MEMS FPI has been selected as the main Earth observation payload for the Finnish Student satellite, 

Aalto-1 by Aalto University. 

References 

1. Praks, J., et al. ”Aalto-1: Multi-Payload, Remote Sensing Nanosatellite Mission”, 1st IAA Conference on 

University Satellite missions and CubeSat Workshop, Rome, January 24-29, 2011. 

2. Saari, H., et.al., ”Novel hyperspectral imager for lightweight UAVs”, Proc. SPIE 7668 (2010). 


38 AM Abstract book

A new auroral hyperspectral all-sky camera 

Sigernes, Fred 1 , Ivanov, Yuriy 2 , Chernouss, Sergey 3 , Trondsen, Trond 4 , Roldugin, Alexey 3 , Fedorenko, Yury 3 , 

Kozelov, Boris 3 , Kirillov, Andrey 3 , Safargaleev, Vladimir 3 , Dyrland, Margit 1 , Lorentzen, Dag 1 and Oksavik, Kjellmar 1 


2 Main Astronomical Observatory, Kiev, Ukraine 


4 Keo Scientific Ltd., Calgary, Canada 

91 

Abstract 

A prototype auroral hyperspectral all-sky camera has been constructed that uses electro-optical tunable filters to 

image the night sky as a function wavelength in the visible with no moving mechanical parts. The core optical 

system includes a new high power all-sky lens with F-number equal to f/1.1. The camera is capable of detecting a 

few kR aurora at an exposure time of only 100 ms. 


92 

Transferring historical auroral films into digital format 

Rao, Jayasimha Ramachandra 1 and Syrjäsuo, Mikko 2 

1 Finnish Meteorological Institute, Arctic Research 

2 Finnish Meteorological Institute, Earth Observation 

Abstract 

In 1973–98, the Finnish Meteorological Institute regularly operated up to 14 auroral all-sky cameras in the Finnish 

Lapland. Their operation was carried out in a routine fashion with the aim to record the sky every. A downward 

looking film camera captured the whole sky by using a spherical mirror. A custom-built electronic control system 

initiated the operation at dusk and the imaging was carried out until the dawn. Nominal temporal resolution was 

one minute, even though 20-second cadence was occasionally used during campaigns. In addition to the reflection 

of whole sky in the mirror, each film frame also captured a station identification plaque and the current date and 

time. Three colour standards were also visible to guide the film development process. 

For daily research use, the auroral films were later transferred to videotapes. Each video frame then corresponded 

to one individual image and one could rewind the tape back and forth to study the auroral display. The time instant 

was visually verified from the images. 

We have now digitised the videotapes into a computer compatible format. In order to integrate the data to modern 

data systems, however, there are a number of practical details that need to be dealt with. The key information to 

automatically identify includes the station and the capture date and time. As the actual content within the frame 

may vary, the first task is to determine the sky image and the locations of the colour standards as well as the area 

containing the date and time display. The actual sky image is copied into a predetermined location in a template 

image frame. Relevant meta-data are included in the final digital image stored on disk. This allows treating the data 

as if they originated from a modern digital all-sky camera. Generation of summary plots (keograms) and distributing 

data, for example, within a virtual observatory framework becomes feasible. 

Making the historical all-sky image data easily accessible for the science community at large significantly extends 

the current data archives to cover several solar cycles. We present the very first results of our ongoing work and 

discuss the techniques we have evaluated and used to automate the data processing. 


38 AM Abstract book

A review of automated analysis of auroral images — current status and new prospects 

Syrjäsuo, Mikko 1 and Hollmén, Jaakko 2 


2 Aalto University, Espoo, Finland 

93 

Abstract 

Observing and measuring the auroral displays has been a central part in space research since the beginning. Even 

before space-born experiments were possible, cameras and other optical instruments were used to record the light 

show in the polar sky for later visual analysis. The arrival of satellite instruments revealed the magnitude of 

the plasma phenomena in the upper atmosphere and beyond it. In the present day, arrays of ground-based stations 

complement the data from a fleet of satellites, whose orbits have been selected to maximise the scientific output. The 

existing tools for further analysis, however, cannot efficiently and meaningfully handle the continuously increasing 

flow of incoming data. Full exploitation is, in our opinion, not possible without new methodology. Exploiting results 

from computer science and applying proven techniques to auroral image data creates fresh possibilities. 

There are several major applications that would greatly benefit from computer-aided analysis — with human in 

the loop — or fully automated analysis tools. A persistent question concerns the existence of aurora in a given image. 

This is a surprisingly difficult task to perform automatically especially with data from panchromatic (”white light”) 

imager such as those used in THEMIS. After the existence of aurora is confirmed, we can continue with identifying 

image regions with auroral activity. Objective analysis of auroral morphology allowing quantitative comparisons 

to models and simulations becomes possible. Tracking individual auroral patches further leads to spatio-temporal 

analysis. 

We review the existing literature of automated auroral image analysis. The differences in analysis of satellite 

and ground-based images are contrasted. The emergence of dedicated virtual observatories allows truly large-scale 

and global analysis of the aurora. We extend the literature review to selected areas within the field of computer 

science to introduce state-of-the-art methodology for handling multidimensional and complex data. For example, 

parsimonious modelling aims at achieving maximally simple and compact models as a result of data analysis. This 

often results in more understandable models from which the properties of the underlying phenomena are easier to 

infer. 

Our emphasis is on proven learning algorithms as well as those that would require little effort in implementation 

but could result in significant impact on auroral research methodology. Key directions for future research and 

collaboration with computer scientists are identified. 


94 


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95 

Facilities and experiments 


96 


38 AM Abstract book

EISCAT_3D, New generation Incoherent Scatter Radar to Northern Fennoscandia 

Aikio, Anita 1 , Ulich, Thomas 2 , Lehtinen, Markku 2 and Turunen, Esa 3 

1 Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland 

2 Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory, Finland 

3 EISCAT Scientific Association, Kiruna, Sweden 

97 

Abstract 

In this presentation, we describe the present status of the EISCAT_3D incoherent scatter radar, which is planned to 

replace the existing EISCAT radars in Tromsø (Norway), Kiruna (Sweden) and Sodankylä (Finland). EISCAT_3D 

will be a key facility for many research areas including atmospheric science, auroral and space physics as well as space 

weather applications. EISCAT_3D has been accepted on the ESFRI Roadmap for Large-Scale European Research 

Infrastructures for the next 20–30 years. The design work of the new phased array radar is going on under the 

EU-funded FP7 Preparatory Phase project. In addition, national funding is used to build a phased array receiver 

called KAIRA at Kilpisjärvi. The installation work will start in summer 2011. 


98 

SPEAR (Space Plasma Exploration by Active Radar): An ionospheric heater in the 

high arctic 

Baddeley, Lisa 1 


Abstract 

The SPEAR high power heating facility is located on Svalbard at 75 ◦ CGM latitude and as such is 10 ◦ closer to a 

geomagnetic pole than any current ionospheric heating facility. It thus has the unique ability to perform heating 

experiments inside the polar cap at all local times. It is co-located with several facilities, including the EISCAT 

Svalbard Radar, the SOUZY radar and the Kjell Henriksen Observatory as well as lying in the fields-of-view of two 

SuperDARN HF radars. The facility was put into operation in 2004, and has a detailed and successful research 

history, with experiments undertaken by scientists from 11 different research institutes in 6 different countries. Recent 

upgrades to the facility have increased the experimental capabilities of the system, allowing sub-second modulation 

pulse schemes. A summary of the facility, in addition to information regarding access to the system and possibilities 

for future experimental collaborations will be presented. 


38 AM Abstract book

99 

Andøya Rocket Range - ”Wind of Change” 

Dahle, Kolbjørn Blix 1 and Abrahamsen, Trond 2 


Abstract 

”A wind of change is blowing” over Andøya Rocket Range, and we are heading for some very interesting times. New 

businesses like unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), expanded activities within ARR subsidiaries with major synergies 

to the telemetry side of our sounding rocket activity and huge infrastructural upgrades is going to change both the 

diversity and the quality of our services. 

In 2010, a completely new building for our Payload department and UAS activity marked the beginning of a 

two year long rework of the ARR facilities, including a new main building providing over 30 new offices. Everything 

will be ready by August 12th 2012 when ARR celebrates its 50 years anniversary. In addition to a wide range 

of upcoming, regular scientific sounding rockets, Andøya Rocket Range, the National Centre for Space-Related 

Education (NAROM) and the universities of Oslo and Tromsø have for some time worked to compile a joint Canadian- 

Norwegian student sounding rocket program. 

Named CaNoRock, the 10-year program, including both smaller troposphere sounding rockets and regular scientific 

missions is scientifically controlled and focuses heavily on bilateral cooperation and the exchange of physics- and 

technology students between the two countries. The CaNoRock group has also planned to establish an ”International 

Space Science Degree” to be awarded to outstanding students in the CaNoRock program which was officially started 

by the Canadian Ambassador to Norway in January this year. 


100 


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101 

NLC and PMC 


102 


38 AM Abstract book

103 

NLC climatology from GOMOS observations 

Pérot, Kristell 1 , Hauchecorne, Alain 1 and Montmessin, Franck 1 

1 LATMOS, Guyancourt, France 

Abstract 

Noctilucent clouds (NLC), also called polar mesospheric clouds when observed from space, are the visible manifestation 

of water ice particles persistently present in the polar summer mesopause region, which is the coldest place on 

Earth. Because of their extraordinary height of about 83 km, they can become visible to the naked eye when the sun 

sinks below the horizon, providing a dazzling display of bluish light. Since these clouds are extremely sensitive to 

changes in their environment, their observation conveys unique information concerning the various processes taking 

place in the mesosphere. 

GOMOS is a stellar occultation instrument combining 4 spectrometers in the spectral range 250 to 950 nm 

(UV-visible-near IR) and 2 fast photometers (470–520 nm and 650–700 nm). On the day side, in addition to star 

light, GOMOS measures also the solar light scattered by the atmospheric molecules. In the summer polar days, 

NLC are clearly detected using the photometers signals. The sun-synchronous orbit of ENVISAT allows observing 

them in both hemispheres. The main properties of these clouds (occurrence frequency, radiance, altitude) have been 

retrieved from GOMOS data. A very high accuracy is possible thanks to the stellar occultation technique. Moreover, 

the observation of these clouds with the spectrometers provides the spectral dependence of the light scattered by 

the NLC particles, from which it is possible to derive their radii. 

These clouds at the edge of space have been studied using GOMOS data from 2002 to 2010. After a brief overview 

of retrieval methods, the climatology obtained for the main NLC characteristics will be presented, focusing on the 

seasonal and latitudinal coverage. 


104 

Probing the atmosphere with optical methods: Lessons learned and challenges for the 

future 

Witt, Georg 1 

1 Dept. of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Sweden 

Abstract 


38 AM Abstract book

105 

Author index 

Aalto, Pasi, 23 

Aaltonen, Veijo, 23, 24 

Abrahamsen, Trond, 99 

Aikio, Anita, 43, 97 

Alpatov, Victor, 30, 83 

Andalsvik, Yngvild Linnea, 44 

Arola, Antti, 23 

Axelsson, Katarina, 45, 61, 85 

Baddeley, Lisa, 98 

Barthélemy, Mathieu, 63 

Baumgarten, Gerd, 87 

Belakhovsky, Vladimir, 46 

Belyaev, Alexey, 29, 83, 84 

Bennouna, Yasmine, 24, 73 

Berjón, Alberto, 24, 73 

Blindheim, Sandra, 24 

Bommier, Véronique, 63 

Brändström, Urban, 32, 45, 61, 64, 85 

Brekke, Pål, 62 

Cachorro, Victoria, 24, 73 

Carlund, Thomas, 24 

Charrois, Dan, 57 

Chernigovskaya, Marina, 36 

Chernouss, Sergey, 30, 47, 62, 89, 91 

Connors, Martin, 57 

Dahle, Kolbjørn Blix, 99 

Dahlgren, Hanna, 48, 50, 51 

Deehr, Charles, 62 

de Frutos, Angel M., 24 

de Frutos, Angel Maximo, 73 

de Leeuw, Gerrit, 23, 24, 26 

Donovan, Eric, 49, 57 

Dyrland, Margit, 62, 91 

Dyrland, Margit Elisabet, 31 

Ehrlich, Yossi, 86 

Enell, Carl-Fredrik, 32, 85 

Farrugia, Charles J. , 44 

Fastig, Shlomo, 86 

Fedorenko, Yuri, 89 

Fedorenko, Yury, 91 

Fedotova, Ekaterina, 74 

Fiedler, Jens, 87 

Frissell, Nathaniel A., 58 

Fuertes, David, 73 

Gausa, Michael, 24 

Gavrilov, N. M., 75 

Golovchanskaya, Irina, 54 

Gonzalez, Ramiro, 73 

Gronoff, Guillaume, 63 

Guenther, D., 75 

Gustavsson, Björn, 32, 50, 51, 57, 60, 61, 64, 85 

Håkansson, Bertil, 24 

Hannukainen, Meri, 26 

Hauchecorne, Alain, 103 

Hedin, Jonas, 32 

Herber, Andreas, 24 

Hildebrand, Jens, 87 

Hollmén, Jaakko, 93 

Hoppe, Ulf-Peter, 33 

Inbar, Tuvia , 86 

Ivanov, Yuriy, 91 

Ivchenko, Nickolay, 50, 51 

Johnsen, M.G., 34 

Kannel, Martin, 25 

Kashin, F. V., 75 

Katkalov, Yu. V., 52 

Katz, David, 86 

Kauristie, Kirsti, 53, 56, 60 

Ketola, Anneli, 56 

Kirillov, A. S., 52 

Kirillov, Andrey, 91 

Kleimenova, Nataly , 53 

Kolmonen, Pekka, 26 

Kostsov, Vladimir, 88 

Kozelov, Boris, 54, 55, 91 

Kozlovsky, Alexander, 46 

Kozyreva, Olga, 53 

Kratzer, Sussane, 24 

Kraus, Yaniv, 86 

Kryzanowsky, Zane, 57 

Kuznetsova, Marina, 89 

Kyrölä, Erkki, 76 

Lübken, Franz-Josef, 87 


106 

López Ariste, Arturo, 63 

Lakkala, Kaisa, 77 

Lamy, Hervé, 63, 64 

Lanchester, Betty, 50, 51 

Lehtinen, Markku, 97 

Lihavainen, Heikki, 23 

Lilensten, Jean, 63 

Lorentzen, D.A., 34 

Lorentzen, Dag, 58, 91 

Lorentzen, Dag Arne, 62 

Lowe, Robert P., 37 

Mäkinen, Sanna, 56, 85 

Manuilova, Rada, 78, 80 

Marcos, Jose Luis, 73 

Martín, Leticia, 73 

Martishenko, Xenia, 78 

Mattanen, Jyrki, 56 

McCarthy, Dean, 35 

Medvedeva, Irina, 36 

Mielonen, Tero, 23 

Milichenko, Alexander, 89 

Mingalev, Oleg, 54 

Montmessin, Franck, 103 

Mooney, Priscilla, 35 

Mulligan, Frank, 35 

Mulligan, Frank J., 37 

Myhre, Cathrine Lund, 24 

Naor, Eran, 86 

Nikolaishvili, Sergey, 29 

Ohvril, Hanno, 25 

Oksavik, Kjellmar, 62, 91 

Okulov, Oleg, 25 

Ortiz de Galisteo, J. Pablo, 24 

Ortiz de Galisteo, Jose Pablo, 73 

Pérot, Kristell, 103 

Partamies, Noora, 56–58, 60, 65 

Pautet, Pierre-Dominique, 39 

Pearl, Shaul, 86 

Pendleton Jr., William, 39 

Perminov, Vladimir, 36 

Pilgaev, Sergey, 59, 89 

Pilipenko, Slava, 46 

Platov, Yuly, 30 

Polyakov, Alexander, 79, 88 

Saari, Heikki, 90 

Safargaleev, Vladimir, 91 

Sandahl, Ingrid, 61 

Sandholt, Per Even, 44 

Sangalli, Laureline, 57, 60, 65 

Semenov, Aleksey, 80 

Semenov, Anatoly, 36, 38 

Semyonov, V. K., 75 

Sergienko, Tima, 32, 45, 61, 64, 85 

Sigernes, Fred, 31, 62, 85, 91 

Simon Wedlund, Cyril, 63, 64 

Sinyakov, V. P., 75 

Sofiev, Michael, 26 

Sofieva, Viktoria, 69 

Sogacheva, Larisa, 23, 26 

Stebel, Kerstin, 24 

Sundström, Anu-Maija, 26 

Syrjäsuo, Mikko, 57, 92, 93 

Tans, P., 75 

Taylor, Michael, 39 

Timofeyev, Yuri, 79, 88 

Toledano, Carlos, 24, 73 

Torres, Benjamin, 24, 73 

Trondsen, Trond, 91 

Turunen, Esa, 97 

Tuttle, Sam, 50 

Ulich, Thomas, 97 

Uspensky, Alexander, 88 

Uspensky, Mikhail, 30, 53 

Verronen, Pekka. T, 32 

Vlasov, Alexey, 53 

von Cossart, Götz, 87 

Vorobjev, V. G., 52 

Walker, Kaley, 79 

Wang, Zilu, 85 

Wehrli, Christoph, 24 

Whiter, Daniel, 65 

Witt, Georg, 32, 104 

Yagodkina, O. I. , 52 

Yagovkina, Irina, 79 

Yankovsky, Valentine, 74, 78, 80 

Zhao, Yucheng, 39 

Zibordi, Giuseppe, 24 

Rao, Jayasimha Ramachandra, 92 

Reistad, Jone Peter, 58 

Rodriguez, Edith, 23, 26 

Roldugin, Alexey, 59, 89, 91 

Roldugin, Valentin, 59 

Rydesäter, Peter, 32 


38 AM Abstract book

107 

Registered participants 

Last name First name Institution Department Address Email 

Aaltonen Veijo Finnish Meteorological 

Climate Change Helsinki, Finland veijo.aaltonen@fmi.fi 

Institute 

Aikio Anita University of Oulu Department of Oulu, Finland aaikio@sun3.oulu.fi 

Physics 

Andalsvik Yngvild University of Oslo Department of Oslo, Norway y.l.andalsvik@fys.uio.no 

Physics 

Axelsson Katarina Swedish Institute Kiruna Kiruna, Sweden katarina@irf.se 

of Space Physics 

Baddeley Lisa University Centre 

Longyearbyen, 

in Svalbard 

Svalbard, Norway 

Belyaev Alexey Institute of Applied 

Department of At- 

Moscow, Russia anb52@mail.ru 

Geophysics mospheric Dynam- 

ics and Optics 

Brändström Urban Swedish Institute Kiruna Kiruna, Sweden urban.brandstrom@irf.se 

of Space Physics 

Cachorro Victoria University of Valladolid 

Grupo de Óptica Valladolid , Spain , chiqui@goa.uva.es 

Atmosférica Spain 

Chernouss Sergey Polar Geophysical Optical methods Apatity, Murmansk 

chernouss@pgia.ru 

Institute 

region, 

Russia 

Dahlgren Hanna Boston University Center for Space Boston, Massachusetts, 

hannad@bu.edu 

Physics 

USA 

Donovan Eric University of Calgary 

Dept. of Physics Calgary, Alberta, 

and Astronomy Canada 

Dyrland Margit The University Dept. of Arctic Longyearbyen, margit.dyrland@unis.no 

Centre in Svalbard 

(UNIS) 

Geophysics Svalbard, Norway 

Enell Carl-Fredrik Sodankylä Geophysical 

University of Oulu Sodankylä, Fin- 

carl-fredrik.enell@sgo.fi 

Observaland 

tory 

Fastig Shlomo Soreq NRC Yavne, Israel fshlomo@soreq.gov.il 

Fedotova Ekaterina St. Petersburg Atmospheric St. Petersburg, godograf87@mail.ru 

State University Physics Departmensian 

Petrodvorets, Rus- 

Federation 

de Frutos Ángel University of Valladolid 

Grupo de Óptica Valladolid, Spain angel@goa.uva.es 

Atmosférica 

Gavrilov Nikolai M. Saint-Petersburg Atmospheric Petrodvorets, gavrilov@pobox.spbu.ru 

State University Physics Department 

Saint-Petersburg, 

Russia 

Gausa Michael Andøya Rocket ALOMAR Andenes, Norway michael.gausa@rocketrange.no 

Range 


108 

Gustavsson Björn University of 

Southampton 

Hildebrand Jens Leibniz-Institut 

of Atmospheric 

Physics 

Physics Southampton, UK bjorn@irf.se 

Kühlungsborn, 

Mecklenburg- 

Vorpommern, 

Germany 

hildebrand@iapkborn.de 

Hoppe Ulf-Peter University of Oslo Physics Oslo, Norway u.p.hoppe@fys.uio.no 

Kannel Martin University of Institute of Tartu, Estonia martin.kannel@ut.ee 

Tartu 

Physics 

Kari Kirsi Finnish Meteorological 

Helsinki, Finland kirsi.kari@fmi.fi 

Institute 

Katkalov Yury Polar Geophysical Apatity Departmenmansk 

Apatity, Mur- 

yury.katkalov@me.com 

Institute 

region, 

Russia 

Kauristie Kirsti Finnish Meteorological 

Arctic Research Helsinki, Finland kirsti.kauristie@fmi.fi 

Institute 

Kozelov Boris Polar Geophysical Apatity Departmenmansk 

Apatity, Mur- 

Boris.Kozelov@gmail.com 

Institute 

region, 

Russia 

Kyrölä Erkki Finnish Meteorological 

Earth observation Helsinki, Finland Erkki.Kyrola@fmi.fi 

Institute 

Lakkala Kaisa FMI Arctic Research Rovaniemi, Finland 

kaisa.lakkala@fmi.fi 

Lorentzen Dag UNIS Geophysics Longyearbyen, dagl@unis.no 


Manuilova Rada Valentine 

St. Petersburg 198504 St. Petersburg, 

nansey@yandex.ru 

Yankovsky State University 

Petrod- 

vorets, Russia 

Marx Gregory Air Force Research 

United States Gregory.Marx@wpafb.af.mil 

Laboratory 

McCarthy Dean National University 

Maynooth Maynooth, Kil- 

dean.mccarthy@nuim.ie 

of Ireland 

dare, Ireland 

Medvedeva Irina Institute of Solar- 

Terrestrial Physics 

(ISTP) 

Siberian Branch Russia ivmed@mail.ru 

Mulligan Frank National University 

of Ireland 

Maynooth 

Nikolayshvili Sergey Fedorov Institute 

for Applied Geophysics 

Experimental 

Physics 

Department of atmospheric 

dynamics 

and optics 

Kil- 

Maynooth, 

dare, Ireland 

Moscow, Russia 

frank.mulligan@nuim.ie 

ser58ge@gmail.com 

Oner Ceren Finnish Meteorological 

Helsinki, Finland cerenka@gmail.com 

Institute 

Partamies Noora FMI ARK Helsinki, Finland noora.partamies@fmi.fi 

Pérot Kristell LATMOS Atmospheric Science 

Guyancourt, kristell.perot@latmos.ipsl.fr 

France 

Polyakov Alexander Saint-Petersburg 

State university 

Atmospheric 

physics 

Saint-Petersburg, 

Petrodvorets, 

polyakov@troll.phys.spbu.ru 

Rao 

Jayasimha 

Ramachandra 

Finnish Meteorological 

Institute 

Russia 

Arctic research Helsinki, Finland Jayasimha.Ramachandra.Rao@fmi.fi 


38 AM Abstract book

Reistad Jone Peter University of Department of Bergen, Norway jreistad@gmail.com 

Bergen 

Physics and Technology 

Rodriguez Edith Finnish Meteorological 

Helsinki, Finland edith.rodriguez@fmi.fi 

Institute 

Saari Heikki VTT Technical Photonic Devices Espoo, Finland heikki.saari@vtt.fi 

Research Centre and Measurement 

of Finland 

Solutions 

Sangalli Laureline Royal Military 

Kingston, Ontario, laureline.sangalli@rmc.ca 

College 

Canada 

Semenov Anatoly Institute of Atmospheric 

Laboratory of Up- 

Moscow, RF anasemenov@yanex.ru 

Physics of per Atmospheric 

Russian Academy Physics 

of Sciences 

Sergienko Tima Swedish institute STP Kiruna, Sweden tima@irf.se 

of space physics 

Sigernes Fred UNIS Geophysics Longyearbyen, freds@unis.no 


Simon Wedluntute 

Cyril Belgian Insti- 

Space Physics Brussels, Belgium cyril.simon@aeronomie.be 

for Space Group 

Aeronomy 

Sofieva Viktoria FMI Earth Observation Helsinki, Finland viktoria.sofieva@fmi.fi 

Syrjäsuo Mikko Finnish Meteorological 

Earth observation Helsinki, Finland mikko.syrjasuo@fmi.fi 

Institute 

Taylor Michael Utah State Universitspheric 

Center for Atmo- 

Logan, Utah, USA mike.taylor@usu.edu 

and Space 

Sciences 

Uspensky Mikhail Finnish Meteorological 

Helsinki, Finland Mikhail.Uspensky@fmi.fi 

Institute 

Whiter Daniel FMI Arctic Research Helsinki, Finland daniel.whiter@fmi.fi 

Witt Georg Stockholm Univer- 

Dept. of Meteorol- 

Stockholm, Swe- 

gwitt@misu.su.se 

sity 

Yankovsky Valentine St. Petersburg 

State University 

Yagodkina Oksana Polar Geophysical 

Institute 

ogy 

den 

Atmospheric St. Petersburg, 

Physics Departmensian 

Petrodvorets, Rus- 

Federation 

Apatity Apatity, Murmansk 

region, 

Russia 

VYankovsky@gmail.com 

oksana41@mail.ru 

109 


110 


38 AM Abstract book

Photo c○ Carl-Fredrik Enell 2008 

Carl-Fredrik Enell (ed.) 


c○ University of Oulu, Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory 2011 

ISSN: 0359-3657 

ISBN: 978-951-42-9494-5 (PDF)

Abstracts (PDF) - Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory

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