Our Common Bond - Sinhalese - Australian Citizenship

4 vn @k`ts 

aq o|s~@t|YlQy`v 

o|s~@t|YlQy`v @l`~k@y~ p#rNQwm xSmQykQ. 

@my @l`~k@y~ hyv#nQyt vQX`lwm rty. 

38 

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQx`vy: ap@g~ @p`qE b#[Wm

aq o|s~@t|YlQy`v 

@mm rt @mwrm| vQ@X~; vn~@n~ kOmk~ nQs`q yn~n @mm pQtE kQhQpy kQyvW@mn~ obt i@gn gw h#k. ap@g~ sAs~k^wQy, nvw`vyn~ sh ap@g~ j`wQk 

ann&w`vy sm|bn~{ v#dQpEr kr#NE obt q#ngw h#kQvnE a#w. o|s~@tY|lQy`v, aq @l`~k@y~ q$v#n~w v&`p`rQk sh @vL[ hvEl~k`r@yk~ vn awr 

@l`~k@y~ gr#sr# lbn pErv#sQ@ykQ. ap r@thQ nQrn~wr vr\{ny sh nvWkrNy sm|bn~{@yn~ nv sAkYmNQkyn~@g~ q`ykw~vy apQ agy krmE. 

xSmQy 

o|s~@tY|lQy`v @b`@h`~ awQn~ asmsm@v|. @l`~k@y~ mh`q~vWp h@wn~, ekm j`wQyk~ mEU mh`q~vWpy pEr`m a#wQ ekm mh`q~vWpy @my@v|. @l`~k@y~ adEm jn 

gNw~vy, enm| vr\g kQ@l`~mWtrykt @q@q@nk~ pmNk~ sQtQn rt apQ @vmE. 

o|s~@tY|lQy`v @l`~k@y~ p#rNQm bQm|vlQn~ ekkQ. @my @l`~k@y~ hyv#nQyt vQX`lwm rt@v|. mQnQsEn~ sQtQn vQyLQm mh`q~vWpyw~ @my vn awr, @m| @h~wOv 

nQs` o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| smhr pY@q~Xvlt jly iw`m agn` sm|pwkQ. 

psQn~ v#dQ pYm`Nyk~ nQsr#@v|. k^;Qkr\m`n~wyt sEqEsE vn~@n~ sQyyt 6 k~ pmNQ. rt wOl a#wQ qEr b#h#r pY@q~X ‘the outback’ @lsQn~ h[En~vyQ. 

@mm qE;~kr sh kr\k; prQsrvl jWvw~vn sh v#d krn ay ht vQX`l @g_rvyk~ hQmQ@v|. @m`vEn~@gn~ v#dQ @q@nk~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE gm|bq jnw`v 

(Australian folklore) bvt pw~v a#w. 

o|s~@tY|lQy`v vQX`l rtk~ vWm @h~wO@vn~, mh`q~vWp@y~ vQvQ{ pY@q~Xvl vQvQ{ k`lgONyn~ a#w. uwOr# o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| nQvr\wn kl`p a#wQ awr rt m#qt 

vn~n k`n~w`r a#w. 

wv qkONt vn~n, hQm qEr\g shQw sWwl XWw G^wO@v| ptn~ gWY;~m G^wO@v| a#wQ rX~mQ pYv`h qk~v` @q~XgONy @vns~ vQy h#k. 

pỲ n~w hy sh sn~wk pY@q~X @qkt amwrv a$;~@m`~r\ sh k`tQyr\ qEpw~ sh kQ Ys~ms~ qRpw, @k`@k`s~ (kWlQn~) qRpw~, j`vQs~ @b| sn~wk pY@q~Xy, @k`rl~ 

sW qEpw~ sh o|s~@tY |lQy`nE a#n~t`k~tQk~ sn~wk pY@q~X sh @n`~@f`~k~ qRpw~hQ @hrl~d| qRpw sh m#k~@d`nl~d| qRpw~q o|s~@tY |lQy`nE rjy mgQn~ p`lny kryQ. 

4 vn @k`ts –– aq o|s~@t|YlQy`v 39

@l`~k ur#m aVvQ (World Heritage sites) 

ap@g~ mhq~vWpQk pY@q~X@yn~ sQyyt 11 kt v#dQ pYm`Nyk~m an~wr\j`wQk sm|mwyn~t anEv sAr]Ny kQrWm s[h` p`lny krn, a`r]Qw a`qQv`sW 

bQm|, r]Qw (reserve) @h`~ j`wQk v@n`~q&`n@v|. ek~sw~ j`wWn~@g~ a{&`pnQk, vQq&`w~mk sh sAs~k^wQk sAvQ{`n@y~ (UNESCO) @l`~k ur#m aVvQ 

l#yQs~wO@v| o|s~@tY|lQy`nE aVvQ qhhwk~ a#wOlw~ kr a#w. 

qkONE o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| sh kOvWn~s~ln~d| hQ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE @p`sQl 

m#ml aVvQ (Australian Fossil Mammal Sites) 

nQv| svEw~ @v|l~s~ sh k~vWn~s~ln~d| hQ @g`n~d|v`n` v#sQ 

vn`n~wr (Gondwana Rainforests) 

@n`qr\n~ @trQtrQ hQ kkdR j`wQk v@n`~q&`ny 

(Kakadu National Park) 

qkONE k~vWn~s~ln~d| @vrLt ob|@bn~ a#wQ @fY~sr\ qRpw~ 

(Fraser Island) 

k~vWn~s~ln~d| hQ @gY~t| b#rQyr\ rQf~ (Great Barrier Reef) 

nQv| svEw~ @v|l~s~ hQ @vrLt ob|@bn~ a#wQ @l`~r\d| @h`~ qRpw 

(Lord Howe Island) 

sQd|nQ nEvrt bthQrQn~ a#wQ @gY~tr\ b|lR mvEn~tn~s~ 

(Greater Blue Mountains) 

o|s~@tY|lQyn~ a#n~t`r\k~tQk~ @trQtrQ (Australian 

Antarctic Territory) hQ a#wQ hr\d| qRpw (Heard 

Island) sh m#k~@d`nl~d| qRpw~ (McDonald Islands) 

ws~@m|nQy`vt qkONQn~ a#wQ m#k~v`rQ qRpw 

(Macquarie Island) 

40 


@vs~tr\n~ o|s~@tY|lQy` hQ pEr\nEUU j`wQk v@n`~q&`ny 

(Purnululu National Park) 

sQd|nQ o@pr` hvEs~ 

k~vWn~s~ln~d| hQ @ww nQvr\wn pY@q~X (Wet Tropics) 

@ml~br\n~hQ j`wQk pYqr\Xn @g`dn#gQl~l 

(Royal Exhibition Building) sh k`r\l~tn~ uq&`ny 

(Carlton Gardens) 

ws~@m|nQy`@v| mQnQs~ v`syk~ n#wQ pY@q~X 

(Tasmanian Wilderness) 

nQv| svEw~ @v|l~s~ hQ vQln~qY` vQl~ (Willandra Lakes) 

@mm s~}`n sh @vnw~ pYmEK s~}`n nrB` 

o|s~@tY|lQy`v sm|bn~{@yn~ obt a#wQ q#nWm 

v#dQqQyENE krgn~n` @ls apQ o@bn~ il~l` 

sQtQmE. ob ht vn`n~wr @mn~m mEhEqE 

@vrLw~, gQrQ qEr\g @mn~m v#sQ vn`n~wrw~ 

wrNy kl h#k. ob vQsQn~ krnE lbn 

s$m @qyk~m @mkW pEUl~, uq~qWp~w bQm h` 

wvqErtw~ smWp vWmt wbn iqQrQ pQyvrkQ. 

@vs~tr\n~ o|s~@tY|lQy` hQ ;`r\k~ @b| (Shark Bay) 

@n`qr\n~ @trQtrQ hQ uUr#-k`t` t|jEt` j`wQk v@n`~q&`ny 

(Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park) 


q$v#n~w rtk~ 

o|s~@tY |lQy`@v| vQX`lw~vy nv&w`vy sh nv @s`y`g#nWm|vlt @h~wOvW wQ@b|. 

awWw@y~qW, qErb#h#r pY@q~Xvl sQtQn ay ht LMm sQtQn @@vq&vry` 

hmEvWmt y`mt qQn gNnk~ gmn~ kQrWmt sQqEvQy. k#L$ a`XQYw pY@q~Xvl 

jWvw~ vn LmEn~ ht p`s#l~ y`mt iw` qEr y`mt sQqEvQy. 

qErb#h#r pY@q~Xvl jWvw~vn pvEl~ ht hE@qkl`v jWvw~vWm vQ[g#nWm 

qE;~kr vQy. gv g`l~ vQX`lw~v@yn~ vr\g kQ@l`~ mWtr qhs~ gNn~ vQy. 

@m|v`@y~ jWvw~vn k`n~w`vn~ sh LmEn~ @vnw~ kQsQ@vk~ m`s gNnkt 

qkQn~@n~ @n`m#w. qErk}n phsEkm| @n`wQbENE awr ovEn~t awQXy 

hE@qkl` bv sh anwOr#vlt bqEn~ vQy h#kQ bv q#nENQ. 

@X~Y;~T o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ sQy q]km sh nv&w`vy mgQn~ @mm 

g#tUvlt vQs[Em| @s`y` gn~n` lqW. 

p`q@yn~ bly qEn~ gOvn~vQqElQy (pedal radio) 

a#dQ@l~d| hQ a#l~fYd| @tYgr\ (Alfred Traegar) 1929 qW pY}m vrt 

p`q@yn~ bly qEn~ gOvn~vQqElQy s#lsEm| k@l~y. sQy p`qy mgQn~ @ 

pdl p$gWm mgQn~ @qa`k`ryt gmn~ krn gOvn~ vQqElQyk~ (two-way 

radio) wb` g#nWmt @my p`vQc|cQ krn ay ht h#kQvQy. @mm nv 

@s`y` g#nWm mgQn~ qEr b#h#r pY@q~Xvl nQ@vs~vl sQtQn ay, qErs~} 

mQ;n`rQ s~}`n sh a`qQv`sW pYj`vn~ yn s#m@qnm Pl l#bRh. hE@qkl` 

k`n~w`vn~ ht gOvn~ wrAg os~@s~ mQwOrn~ @s`y`gw h#kQvQy. 

gOvn~ p`s#l (School of the Air) 

1950 vn @wk~, hE@qkl` pY@q~Xvl jWvw~vn sQsEn~ @n~v`sQk 

p`s#l~vl i@gnWm @h`~ sQy p`dm| w#p#l~ mgQn~ i@gnWm sQqE krn lqW. 

pQy`sr @@vq& gOvn~ vQqElQ @s~v`v (Flying Doctor radio service) 

mgQn~ nQv@s~ sQtQn LmEn~ ht sQy gOr#vr#n~ smM k}` kQrWmtq upk`r 

lb` gw h#kQ bv qkONE o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| r`jkWy pQy`sr @@vq& @s~v`@v| 

up sx`pwQ, a#dQ@l~d| mQw~k~ ht av@b`~{ vQy. @mm p`dm| a#lQs~ s~pYQAg~ 

(Alice Springs) @s~v`v mgQn~ gOvnQn~ vQsEr#v` h#rWm a`rm|x k@l~ 

1948 qWy. gOvn~ p`s#l nQl vX@yn~ a`rm|x k@l~ mWt vsr kQhQpykt 

psEvy. o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| gOvn~ p`s#l @h~wO@vn~ @vnw~ rtvlw~ @m| h` 

sm`n v#d sthn~ a#rBWmt pQtQvhlk~ vQy. 

p#rNQ @pdl~ @r\dQ@y`~v @vnEvt a{QwrAgm`l` gOvn~ vQqElQ yn~wY 

wQbENq, r`jkWy pQy`sr @@vq& @s~v`v sh gOvn~ p`s#l aqtw~ 

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| qE;~kr pY@q~Xvl sQtQn pYj`vn~t @s~vy krmQn~ ovEn~ ht 

pYwQl`x lb`@q~. 

@pdl~ @r\dQ@y`~v mgQn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| @X~Y;~T a`ywn @qkk~ vn r`jkWy 

pQy`sr @@vq& @s~vy (Royal Flying Doctor Service) sh gOvn~ 

p`s#l (School of the Air) s~}`pny kQrWmt pQtQvhl~ vQy. 

r`jkWy pQy`sr @@vq& @s~vy 

pRj& @j`~n~ f~lQn~ (Reverend John Flynn) jWvw~vR@y~ sh r`jk`rQ 

k@l~ qE;~kr pY@q~Xvl sQtQn mQnQsEn~ smMy. ohE@g~ aqhs vR@y~ 

qErb#h#r sQtQn ay sm|bn~{@yn~ h#kQ vQgs gOvn~ mgQn~ @@vq&vry`v 

@r`~gQy` @vw @gn e~my. ohEt rj@yn~, k~@v`n~t`s~ (Qantas) gOvn~ 

sm`g@mn~ sh pEn&`{`r mgQn~ upk`r l#bENQ. r`jkWy pQy`sr @@vq& 

@s~vy 1928 qW a`rm|x kl nmEqE @m| vn vQtw~ @mm @s~v`vt 

qErk}n@yn~ k}` kl @n`h#kQ @b`@h`~ ay sQtQyh. @pdl~ @r`~dQ@y`~v 

hqEn~v`qWm mgQn~ vd` hE@qkl` s~}`nvl sQtQn ay htw~ h#kQ vQgs 

@@vq&vr@ykOt qErk}n@yn~ k}`kl h#kQ bvt whvEr# vQy. 

nQv| svEw~ @v|l~s~hQ LmEn~ gOvn~ p`s#l mgQn~ i@gnWm 

42 


o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| ann&w`vy 

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| ann&w`vy h#dg#sW a#w~@w~ ap@g~ aq~vWwWy ur#my, ap@g~ sAs~k^wQy sh ap@g~ mQnQsEn~@g~ k`r\&XWlQ bv nQs`y. 

kWYd` sh vQ@n`~q kQYy` 

@b`@h`~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ kWYd` pQYykrn awr j`w&n~wr mt|t@m|qW 

sQw~gn~n` sEU pYwQPl lb`@gn a#w. 

yhpw~ kWYd` sm|bn~{ j`wQyk~ vX@yn~ ap@g~ kWr\wQy sm|bn~{@yn~ apQ 

a`dm|br @vmE. x`rqRr ktyEwO, s`{`rNv ktyEwO kWQrWm sh kN~d`ym| 

vX@yn~ v#d kQrWm yn vtQn`km| sm|bn~{ qRwyn~ vX@yn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE 

kWYdk kWYdQk`vn~v pYXAs` mEK@yn~ agy kryQ. 

ap@g~ iwQh`sy pEr` kWYd`v mgQn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~v hqEn`@gn sh 

ek~sw~ kr a#w. awWw jn`v`s sQtm ap@g~ amQhQrQ awWw@y~ 

y}`r\w@yn~ mQqWmt kWYd`v upk`rvW a#w. yEq~{ sm@y~qW pv`, 

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`r]k blk`@y~ s`m`jQkyn~ yE{ pQtQ@y~ a#wQ @v@hs 

nQv` g#nWmt kWYd` wrM sAvQ{`ny krn lqW. 

kWYd`@v| nQrwvn ay @mn~m kWd`v nrBn ay yn @qp`r\Xvytm 

kWYd`vt wm` sm|bn~{ bv h#MWmt @p`qE pqnmk~ kWYd`v mgQn~ spyn 

awr kWYd`v o|s~@t|YlQy`nE sm`jyt v#qgw~ aAgykQ. 

@b`@h`~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ kN~d`ym| kWYd` vn kQYkt|, p#sQpn~qE, q#l~pn~qE, 

@h`kW sh p`pn~qE yn kWYd`vlt shx`gQ vn awr @m|v` vd` jnpQYy 

kWYd` awr@v|. 

pQhQnWm, @tnQs~, mll kWYd`, @g`l~f~ sh p`p#qQ kWYd` vd` jnpQYy 

vQ@n`~q kWYd` kQYy`k`rkm|@v|. @mm kWYd`vlqW o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ j`w&n~wr 

wrMvlqW k#pW @p@nyQ. @vnw~ jnpQYy X`rWrQk kQYy`k`rkm| awr 

vn@y~ a#vQqWm, sr\fQn~ sh s~kWn~ a#w. 

ps~ vrk~ olQm|pQk~ rn~ pqk~km| qQn`gw~ Ian Thorpe 

p`pn~qE (@s`kr\ @lsq h[En~vyQ), rg~bQ lWg~, rg~bQ yRnQyn~ sh 

o|s~@tY|lQyn~ r$l~s~ fEt|@b`~l~ yn kWYd`vl nQrw vWmt sh b#lWmt 

o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ q#dQ k#m#w~wk~ qk~vyQ. ‘Aussie Rules’ ynE 

o|s~@tY|lQy`vt a`@v|NQkvR wrMykQ. 

kQ Ykt| kW Yd`@v| j`w&n~wr vX@yn~ lbn jygYhNyn~ sm|bn~{@yn~ 

o|s~@tY |lQy`v vQ@X~;@yn~ a`dm|br@v|. 19 vn sQyvs ag x`gy sQt 

o|s~@tY |lQy`nE sh eAgln~w kQ Ykt| kN~d`ym| awr q#dQ vQr#q~{v`qW bvk~ 

a#w. 

“j`wQy nvw~vn wOrM wrMy (‘‘‘ ’the race that stops the nation’’) 

@ls h[En~vn @ml~br\n~ kp~ wrMy @l`~k@y~ a#wQ vd`w~m {nvw~ sh 

vd`w~m axQ@y`~g`w~mk wOrM wrMvlQn~ ekkQ. pY}m @ml~br\n~ kp~ 

wrMy p#vwQ@y~ 1861 vs@r\y. 1877 ptn~ @n`v#m|br\ m`s@y~ pLmE 

aMhr#v`q` qQny vQk~@t`~rQy` pY`n~wyt rj@y~ nQv`dE qQnykQ. 

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE k`n~w` j`wQk p`pn~qE kN~d`y@m| s`m`jQk`v 


sr\ @d`nl~d| bY#d|mn~ (Sir Donald Bradman) (1908 – 2001) 

sr\ @d`nl~ bY#d|mn~ @l`~k@y~ sQtQ @XY~;~Twm kQYkt| pQwQkr# vn awr o|s~@tY|lQy`nE kWYd`@v| pYwQmRr\wQykQ. 

nQv| svEw~ @v|l~s~ hQ bv|rl~ (Bowral) hQ h#qENE v#dENE @d`nl~d| bY#d|mn~ pY}m vrt o|s~@tY|lQy`nE kN~d`ym 

@vnE@vn~ wrM k@l~ 1928 qWy. 

sQhQn~ sQr#rk~ wQbENq, ohE@g~ p`qy iw` @v|gvw~y. 1930 qW ohE@g~ pLmE eAgln~w sAc`r@y~qW, pQw~@wn~ 

wb` wQbR sQyUm v`r\w` p`@h~ ohE vQsQn~ bQ[ @hlWy. vys avEr#qE 21 vn vQtm ohE o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pYwQmRr\wQyk~ vW 

hm`ry. 

1948 qW bY#d|mn~@g~ avs`n sAc`r@y~qW, ohE@g~ kN~d`ym eAgln~wy smM kWYd` kl sQyUm wrMvlQn~ jygw~ 

b#vQn~ ohE@g~ kN~d`ym apr`jQwyn~ (‘The Invincibles’) @ls h#[Qn~vQy. 

@q`n~ (‘The Don’) @lsQn~ h[Enn sr\ @d`nl~d| bY#d|mn~, @l`~k@y~ sQtQ @h`[m pQwQkr#v` @ls h[En~vyQ. ohE ek~ 

wrMykqWW lb`gw~ s`m`n& lkONE pYm`Ny 99.94 @v|. 

kl`v 

a`qQv`sW sAs~k^wQk sm|pYq`yn~ sh s`rvw~ sAkYmNQk sAs~k^wQvl 

sAklnyn~ a#wOlw~ qQqEln kl` sm|pYq`yk~ o|s~@tY|lQy`v swOv a#w. 

cQwYpt, kl`, @v|qQk` n`t&, sAgWwy sh n#tEm| a#wOU sQyU a`k`rvl 

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE q^X& sh rMqk~vn kl` sm|bn~{@yn~ @mrt sh 

vQ@q~Xvl ihl a#gyWmk~ a#w. 

s`hQw&y 

a`qQv`sW o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~@g~ k}` kW@mn~ a#rBW, 18 vn Xwk@y~ ag 

x`g@y~qW @mrtt p#mQNQ sQrkr#vn~@g~ ktQn~ kt kQyR k}` smM qQgtm 

p#vwQ Xk~wQmw~ s`hQw& sm|pYq`yk~ o|s~@tY|lQy`v swOv a#w. 

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| @pr lQyn lq @b`~@h`~ @q~ vn l#h#b sm|bn~{@yn~ sh 

ev#nQ ktEk prQsryk jWvQwy sm|bn~{@ynQ. @hn~rQ @l`~sn~ (Henry 

Lawson) sh myQl~s~ fY$n~k~lQn~ (Miles Franklin) v#nQ @l~Kkyn~ 

vn l#h#b sh o|s~@tY|lQy`nE jWvn rt`v sm|bn~{ kvQ sh k}` lQy` 

a#w. 

o|s~~@tY|lQy`nE nvk}`kr#vkO vn p#t|rQk~ vyQt| (Patrick White) ht 

1973 vs@r\ s`hQw& sm|bn~{ @n`~@bl~ w&`gy l#bENQ. a@nk~ jnpYQy 

nRwn o|s~@tY|lQy`nE nvk}`kr#vn~ awr pWtr\ @k~rQ (Peter Carey), 

@k`lWn~ m#k~lv| (Colleen McCullough) sh tQm| vQn~tn~ (Tim 

Winton) sQtW. 

jEdQw~ ryQt| (Judith Wright) 

(1915 – 2000) 

jEdQw~ ryQt| k#pW @p@nn kvQ 

rck@yk~. sAr]Nv`qQ@yk~ 

sh a`qQv`sWn~@g~ ayQwQv`sQkm| 

sm|bn~{v ktyEwO kl a@ykQ. 

a#y o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| sQtQ vd`w~m 

a`qryt p`wYvR kQvQ[QykQ. 

a#y a#y@g~ k`v&n~hQ o|s~@ 

tY|lQy`vt sh ehQ sQtQn mQnQsEn~t 

a#wQ a`qry pYk`X kr a#w. 

s`hQw&y s[h`vR en~syQk~@ 

l`pWdQy` bQYtnQk` w&`gy sh k`v& s[h`vR mh rFjQN@g~ rn~ pqk~km 

a#wOU w&`g @b`@h`~myk~ a#yt hQmQvQy. a#y o|s~@tY|lQy`nE sAr] 

N kmQtE@v| (Australian Conservation Committee) sh 

a`qQv`sW sm|mEwQ kmQtE@v| (Aboriginal Treaty Committee) 

s`m`jQk`vk~v sQtQy`y. 

jEdQw~ ryQt| sQhQ krn~@n~ kQvQ[Qyk~ @ls a#y@g~ q]w`vy sh 

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE s`hQw&y v#dQ qQyENE kQrWmw~, sm`j sh prQsr 

pYwQsAs~krNyw~ sm|bn~{@yn~y. 

44 


n`t& kl`v sh cQwYpt 

@mrt sh vQ@q~Xyn~hQ o|s~@tY |lQy`nE n`t&, cQwYpt sh cQwYpt 

s`qn~nn~v pQLQgn~n` awr e~v`t a`qry kryQ. @k~t| b|l#n~c`t| (Cate 

Blanchett) sh @jf~rQ r;~ (Geoffrey Rush) v#nQ nU nQlQyn~ sh 

pWtr\ @v| (Peter Weir) v#nQ cQwYpt s`qn~nn~ cQwYpt sm|bn~{@yn~ 

a#wQ vQXQ;~Tw~vy s[h` j`w&n~wr sm|m`n @b`@h`~myk~ qQn` a#w. 

kl`v 

vd` pQLQgw~ o|s~@tY |lQy`nE kl` nQr\m`N vn~@n~ pYwQmRr\wQmw~ a`qQv`sW sQwOvm| 

sh @t`m| @r`br\t|s~ (Tom Roberts), @fd|rQk~ m#kbQn~ (Frederick 

McCubbin) sh a`wr\ s~t|rWtn~ (Arthur Streeton) a`qW 

sQw~wr#vn~@g~ vn g#h#bvl qsEn~y. 20 vn sQyv@s~ m#q x`g@y~qW, rsl~ 

d|ryQs~@d|l~ (Russell Drysdale) sh sQd|nQ @n`~ln~ (Sidney Nolan) 

qErb#h#r @p@qs~vl kr\k;x`vy nQr$pNy kQrWmt k#pW @p@nn vr\N 

@y`q` gw~h. m$w k`lWnv, sQy aq~vWwWy sh vQcQwY @m`~s~wr sm|bn~{@yn~ 

@bYt| vyQt|lQ (Brett Whiteley) j`w&n~wr pQLQg#nWmt lk~vQy. 

sAgWw sh n#tEm| 

o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ sAgWw @]~wY@y~ sQyUm aAg v#l#[ @gn a#wQ awr 

sAgWw @]~wY@y~ sQyUm @]~wYvl k#pW @p@nyQ. wvq, sm|x`v&, g#mQ 

sh @r`k~ sAgWw @]~wYvl j`w&n~wr pQLQg#nWmt lk~vW a#w. v#dQpErm 

pQLQg#nWmt lk~vW a#w~@w~ a`qQv`sWn~@g~ pEr`N v`q& x`N~dyk~ vn 

didgeridoo mgQn~ nQkOw~vn nQym o|s~@tY|lQy`nE hVy. 

sr\ @r`bt| @hl~p~mn~ (Sir Robert Helpmann), @mrQl~ t#n~k`r\d| 

(Meryl Tankard) sh s~tWvn~ @p~j~ (Stephen Page) yn @X~Y;~T 

n#tEm|k`ryn~ sh nr\wn rckyn~@g~ pYyw~nyn~ @h~wO@vn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE 

n#tEm| kl`v v#j@B|. 

vQq&`w~mk jygYhNyn~ sh @s`y` g#nWm| 

@@vq& vQq&`v, w`]Ny, k^;Qkr\m`n~wy, pwl~ kr\m`n~wy sh 

nQ;~p`qnyn~ yn @]~wYvl vQq&`w~mk jygYhNyn~ sh pYgmnyn~ 

sm|bn~{@yn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ ht pYbl v`r\w`vk~ a#w. 

vQq&`w~mk sh @@vq& @s`y`g#nWm| s[h` o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ qs 

@q@nkO ht @n`~@bl~ w&`gy hQmQvW a#w. 

vQq&`w~mk jygYhNyn~ lb`gw~ ay vQsQn~ vs@r\ o|s~@tY |lQy`nEv` ht 

hQmQ pYq`nyn~q lb`@gn a#w. 2005 vs@r\qW pQLQs~sENE @r`~gWn~ ht 

smt isQnyk~ (spray-on skin) vr\{ny kl mh`c`r\y fQ@y`~n` vEd| 

(Professor Fiona Wood) ht @mm pYq`ny hQmQvQy. 2006 

vs@r\qW gr\x`; gW Yv pQLQk` (cervical cancer) s[h` en~nwk~ qQyENE kl 

mh`c`r\& iyn~ @fY ~sr\ (Professor Ian Frazer) ht @mm pYq`ny hQmQvQy. 

2007 vs@r\qW @mm pYq`ny lb` gw~@w~ pY{`n @p@l~ prQsr vQq&`ZykO 

vn mh`c`r\& tQm| f#l#nrQ (Professor Tim Flannery) vQsQnQ. 

mh`c`r\& vEd| sh mh`c`r\& @fY~sr\ yn @q@qn`m o|s~@tY|lQy`vt 

sAkYmNy vR@y~ bQYw`n&@y~ sQty. mh`c`r\& @fY~sr\ smM en~nw ekt 

@s`y`gw~ ax`vpY`p~w @q`s~wr jQy`n~ @s`~ (Dr Jian Zhou) @mrtt 

p#mQNQ@y~ cWn@y~ sQt vn awr @m`hEq o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQx`vy lb` 

gn~n` lqW. 

sQm|pnQ o@ks~tY`v @m@hyvn~nkO (Conductor) sh m$wk`lWn pErv#sQl`xQykOvR 

v#l#d|mQyr\ vr\bQt|s~kQ (Vladimir Verbitsky) bthQr o|s~@tY|lQy`nE sQm|pnQ o@ks~tY`v 

smM 

mh`c`r\& @fd| @h`@l`~s~ 

(Professor Fred Hollows) 

(1929 – 1993) 

mh`c`r\& @fYd| @h`@l`~s~ 

uq~@y`~gWmw~ a]Q vQ@X~;ZykO 

vn awr o|s~@tY|lQy`v sh 

sAvr\{ny vn rtvl mQnQsEn~ qX 

l]ykt v#dQ pYm`Nyk@g~ a#s~ 

@pnWm y}` ww~vyt pw~kr a#w. 

@fYd| @h`@l`~s~ upw l#bR@y~ 

nvsWln~w@y~y. 1965 qW 

@m`hE o|s~@tY|lQy`vt p#mQNQ awr 

psEk`lWnv sQd|nQ @r`~hlk a]Q aAX@y~ pY{`nQy` vQy. 

@m`hE sQyU mQnQsEn~ awr sm`n`w~mw`vy pQLQb[ wqQn~ vQX~v`s kl 

awr pY}m a`qQv`sW @@vq& (Aboriginal Medical Service) 

@s~v`v pQhQtEvQy. @mm @s~v` 60 k~ q#nt o|s~@tY|lQy`v pEr` pQhQtEv` a#w. 

1980 vnvQt @fYd| @h`@l`~s~ @l`v pEr` gmn~ krmQn~, qQyENE @vmQn~ 

pvwQn rtvl a]Q @s_K&y v#dsthn~ pQhQtEvWmt upk`r vQy. 1989 

apQY@yl~ m`s@y~qW ohE o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQx`vy lb` gn~n` lqW. 

mh`c`r\& @h`@l`~ vQsQn~ krn lq @s~v`v ohE@g~ x`r\&`v vn g#bW sh 

@fYd| @h`@l`~s~ pqnm (Fred Hollows Foundation) mgQn~ 

qQgtm pvw~v` @gn yyQ. 


vs@r\ o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ (Australians of the Year) 

1960 vs@r\ sQt vs@r\ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pYq`ny mgQn~ pY{`n @p@l~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~@g~ jygYhNyn~ sh q`ykw~vyn~ smrmQn~ sQtW. o|n$m a@ykO ht 

o|n$m wr`wQrmk o|s~@tY|lQy`nRvkOv @mm pY`qny s[h` nm|kl h#k. vs@r\ o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ vn~@n~ sQy @]~wYyn~hQ k#pW @p@nn sh j`wQyt @s~vy 

kl ay@v|. 

2009 mh`c`r\& myQkl~ @d`d|sn~ AM 

(Professor Michael Dodson AM) 

a`qQv`sW n`yky` 

2008 lW kr\ngn~ OAM (Lee Kernaghan OAM) 

g`yk, sAgWwZ sh ‘Pass the Hat Around’ 

c`rQk`vl nQr\m`w^ 

2007 mh`c`r\& tQm| f#l#nrQ (Professor Tim Flannery) 

vQq&`Z, gYn~} rck sh sAr]k 

2006 mh`c`r\& iyn~ @fY~sr\ (Professor Ian Frazer) 

cQkQw~s` pYwQXk~wQkrN vQq&`Z 

2005 mh`c`r\& fQ@y`~n` vEd| AM 

(Professor Fiona Wood AM) 

kl~p& Xl&@@vq& (Plastic Surgeon) sh pQLQs~sEm| 

vQ@X~;Z 

2004 s~tWv| @v`~ (Steve Waugh) 

@ts~t| kYkt| n`yk sh m`nv hQwv`qW 

2003 mh`c`r\& fQ@y`~n` s~t#n~lQ AC 

(Professor Fiona Stanley AC) 

Lm` vQ@X~;Z sh vsAgw @r`~g vQ@X~;Z 

2002 p#t|rQk~ r`f~tr (Patrick Rafter) 

ek~sw~ jnpq vQv^w @tnQs~ XSry` sh 

‘Cherish the Children Foundation’ hQ nQr\m`w^ 

2001 lEwQnn~ @jnr`l~ pWtr\ @k`s~@gY` AC MC 

(Lt General Peter Cosgrove AC MC) 

2000 - 2002 o|s~@tY|lQy`nE yE{ hmEq` pY{`nQy` 

2000 XWYmw~ gOs~t`v| @n`s`l~ AC CBE FAA FRS 

(Sir Gustav Nossal AC CBE FAA FRS) 

jWv vQq&` pr\@y~;k 

1999 m`r\k~ @t|lr\ (Mark Taylor) 

@ts~t| kQYkt| n`yk 

1998 k#wW fWYmn~ (Cathy Freeman) 

@l`~k sh olQm|pQk~ mLl kWYd` XSry` sh a`qQv`sW w`n`pwQ 

1997 mh`c`r\& pWtr\ @d`hr\tQ (Professor Peter Doherty) 

@@vq& vQq&`v s[h` @n`~@bl~ w&`gl`xW 

1996 @@vq& @j`~n~ yR AM (Doctor John Yu AM) 

Lm` vQ@X~;Z 

1995 a`wr\ @b`yQd AC OBE (Arthur Boyd AC OBE) 

kl`@v|qW 

1994 iyn~ kWnn~ OAM (Ian Kiernan OAM) 

‘Clean Up Australia’ v&`p`r@y~ sAvQ{`n ktyEwO 

kl ay 

1992 mn~dvE yEnEpQAgO (Mandawuy Yunupingu) 


1991 pWtr\ @h`lQAg~vr\w~ agrqgOr# AO OBE 

(Archbishop Peter Hollingworth AO OBE) 

sm`j yEk~wQy @vnE@vn~ k}` kl ay 

1990 mh`c`r\& @fYd| @h`@l`~s~ AC 

(Professor Fred Hollows AC) 

a]Q vQq&`Z 

1989 a#ln~ @b`~dr AO (Allan Border AO) 

@ts~t| kQYkt| n`yk 

1988 @k~ @k`tW AO (Kay Cottee AO) 

v`r\w` bQ[ @hU$ wnQ@yn~ @y`t| p#qvR k`n~w`v 

1987 @j`~n~ f`nm| (John Farnham) 

g`yk sh sAgWwZ 

1986 dQk~ s~mQw~ (Dick Smith) 

vQkYmQk sh q`npwQ 

1985 @p`~l~ @h`~gn~ AM (Paul Hogan AM) 

nUv` 

1984 @l`vQt|j` o|@d`ngO CBE AM 

(Lowitja O’Donoghue CBE AM) 


1983 @r`br\t| dQ k`@sl` MBE (Robert de Castella MBE) 

@l`~k m#rwn~ {`vk XSry` 

1982 XWYmw~ ed|vr\d| vQLQym|s~ KCMG KBE 

(Sir Edward Williams KCMG KBE) 

mw~qYv& sm|bn~{ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE r`jkWy @k`mQs@m| @k`ms`rQs~ 

1981 XWYmw~ @j`~n~ @kY`~fd| AC CBE 

(Sir John Crawford AC CBE) 

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| yEq~{yt psEk`lWn qQyENEv sm|bn~{ nQr\m`w^ 

1980 m#nQn~ k~l`r\k~ AC (Manning Clark AC) 

iwQh`sZy` 

46 


ovEn~@g~ jygYhNyn~ @h~wO@vn~ ap@g~ @X~ Y;~T rt @vnE@vn~ wv kl h#kQ @vnw~ @q~ @m`nv`q yn~n sQw` b#lWmt apt sQqEvW a#w. q#nt a#wQ pYq`nyn~ 

awr vs@r\ wr#N o|s~@tY |lQy`nEv` (Young Australian of the Year), vs@r\ @j&;~T o|s~@tY |lQy`nEv` (Senior Australian of the Year) sh 

o|s~@tY |lQy`nE @q~XWy vWry` (Australia’s Local Hero) a#wOlw~y. 

1979* @s@nt| sxQk @nvQl~ @b`nr\ AO 

(Senator Neville Bonner AO) 

pLmE a`qQv`sW @s@nt| sxQk 

1979* h#rW bt|lr\ CBE (Harry Butler CBE) 

sAr]k sh s~vx`v vQq&`Zy` 

1978* a#ln~ @b`n~d| (Alan Bond) 

v&vs`yky` 

1978* glr\vR yEn~pQAgO AM (Galarrwuy Yunupingu AM) 


1977* XWYmw~ m@r\ \tQrl~ KCVO CBE 

(Sir Murray Tyrrell KCVO CBE) 

agY`N~dEk`rvry`@g~ k`r\&`l @l~km| 

1977* @d|m| @r\ @r`~ DBE (Dame Raigh Roe DBE) 

gm|bq k`n~w`vn~@g~ sAvQ{`n@y~ n`yQk` 

1976 XWYmw~ ed|vr\d| vQyrQ dn~@l`p~ AC CMG OBE 

(Sir Edward ‘Weary’ Dunlop AC CMG OBE) 

yE{ hmEq` Xl& @@vq& 

1975* XWYmw~ @j`~n~ @k`~n~@f`~r\w~ AC CBE 

(Sir John Cornforth AC CBE) 

rs`ynQk vQq&`v sm|bn~{@yn~ @n`~@bl~ w&`gl`xW 

1975* @m|jr\ @jnr`l~ a#ln~ s~@tYtn~ AO CBE 

(Major General Alan Stretton AO CBE) 

syQk~@l`~n~ @tY|sQ avs`n vW@mn~ psE d`vQn~ shn @m@hyEm|hQ 

aN@qn nQl{`rW 

1974 XW Ymw~ br\n`r\d| @hyQn~s~ AC (Sir Bernard Heinze AC) 

sQm|pnQ o@ks~tY` @m@hyvn~n` sh sAgWw`Z 

1973 p#t|rQk~ vyQt| (Patrick White) 

s`hQw& sm|bn~{@yn~ @n`~@bl~ w&`gl`xW 

1972 @;~n~ @g`~l~d| MBE (Shane Gould MBE) 

olQm|pQk~ pQhQnEm| XSry` 

1971 e@v`~n~ gSl@g`n~g~ @k`~v|lQ AO MBE 

(Evonne Goolagong Cawley AO MBE) 

vQm|@bl~dn~ sh @tnQs~ vQv^w @tnQs~ XSry` 

1969 awQgr# rQcr\d| g`dQnr\ @k~sQ uwOm`Nn~, vQk~@t`~rQy` br\vQk~ 

hQ sh @vs~t|mQnQs~tr\ ngr@y~ b#rn~vry` KG GCMG CH 

(The Rt Hon Richard Gardiner Casey Baron 

of Berwick, Victoria and of the City of 

Westminister KG GCMG CH) 

1965 - 69 k`l@y~ o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| agY`NdEk`rvry` 

1968 lynl~ @r`~s~ MBE (Lionel Rose MBE) 

@l`~k ml~lv @p`r XSry` 

1967 q sWkr\s~ (The Seekers) 

sAgWw kN~d`ym 

1966 XWYmw~ j#k~ b|rFb|hm| OBE (Sir Jack Brabham OBE) 

@l`~k @m`~tr\ {`vn XSry` 

1965 XWYmw~ @r`br\t| @hl~p~mn CBE 

(Sir Robert Helpmann CBE) 

nUvkO, n#tEm|kr#vkO, nQ;~p`qkykO sh @k`~rQ@y`~gY#fQykO 

1964 @d`~n~ @fY~sr MBE (Dawn Fraser MBE) 

olQm|pQk~ pQhQnEm| XSry` 

1963 XWYmw~ @j`~n~ ek~l~s~ AC (Sir John Eccles AC) 


1962 a@lk~s#n~dr\ @j`k~ s~t@r`k~ MBE 

(Alexander ‘Jock’ Sturrock MBE) 

a#@mrQkn~ kp~ c#@ln~jr\ hQ n`yky` 

1961 @d|m| @jà`n~ sqr\ln~d| OM AC DBE 

(Dame Joan Sutherland OM AC DBE) 

@s`pY`@n`~ 

1960 XWYmw~ m#k~f`@l~n~ br\nt| OM AK KBE 

(Sir MacFarlane Burnet OM AK KBE) 


*1975 sh 1979 awr k`l@y~ k#n~br` o|s~@tY|lQy` qQn kvEn~sQly 

mgQn~q vs@r\ o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvkO nm| krn lqW. 

w&`gl`xQy`@g~ nmt psEv a#wQ akOr# w&`gy lbn qQnt nQv#rqQ@v|. 

1970 XWYmw~ @n`~r\mn~ gQl~@r`~yQ agrqgSr# wOm`Nn~ (His 

Eminence Cardinal Sir Norman Gilroy KBE) 

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| upn~ pY}m agrqgOr# 


o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| mEql~ 

ap@g~ mEql~vl a#w~@w~ o|s~@tY|lQy`vt v#qgw~ pEq~glyn~ sh pYwQmRr\wQ@v|. ap@g~ mEql~vlt @w`~r`@gn a#wQ jnpQYy o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ vn~@n~ sm`j 

pYwQsAs~krN, vQq&`v, @q~Xp`lny, hmEq`my ktyEwO sh kl`v yn @]~wYyn~hQ mRlQkw~vy gw~ ay sh q]w` a#wQ ay@v|. 

p#rNQ sh nv p`r\lQ@m|n~wOv 

@qvn elQs@bw~ mh rFjQN (Queen Elizabeth II) (upw 1926) 

$5 @n`~t|tE@v| a#w~@w~ k#n~br` hQ a#wQ p#rNQ p`r\lQ@m|n~wOv sh nv 

p`r\lQ@m|n~wOv@v|. 

@qvn elQs@bw~ mh rFjQN o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| r`j& n`yQk`v@v|. a#y 

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| sh ek~sw~ r`j{`nQ@y~ mh rFjQN vn awr jWvw~ vn~@n~ 

eAgln~w@y~y. a#y@g~ qQgO, jnpQYy {Rr k`ly pEr`m a#y Xk~wQmw~ sh 

s~}`vr @ls @pnW sQtW. 

@d|m| @m|rQ gQl~@m`~r\ (Dame Mary Gilmore) (1865 – 1962) 

e~bW b#n~@j` p#tr\sn~ (AB ‘Banjo’ Paterson) (1864 – 1941) 

@d|m| @m|rQ gQl~@m`~r\ ynE kw^vrQyk~, pEvw~pw~@v|qQ@yk~, kQvQ[Q@yk~ sh 

sm`j pYwQ@X`~{n @vnE@vn~ ktyEwO kl a@ykQ. k`n~w`vn~, a`qQv`sW 

o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ sh qEgW ay @vnE@vn~ k}` kQrWm g#n ovEn~ g#n lQvWm 

sm|bn~{@yn~ a#yv anEs~mrNy kryQ. 

a#n~d^^ b`r\tn~ p#tr\sn~ kvQ@yk~, gWw rck@yk~ sh 

pEvw~pw~@v|qQ@ykQ. ohE lW@v| b#n~@j`~ p#tr\sn~ yn nmQn~ vn awr 

iw`m jnpQYy ‘Waltzing Matilda’ yn g#mQ gWwy sm|bn~{@yn~ 

anEs~mrNy kryQ. 

pRj& @j`~n~ f~lQn~ (Reverend John Flynn) (1880 – 1951) 

@m|rQ @ryQbQ (Mary Reibey) (1777 – 1855) 

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE r`jkWy pQy`sr @@vq& @s~v`v vn @l`~k@y~ pY}m gOvnQn~ 

@gnyn @@vq& @s~v`v a`rm|x krn lq~@q~ pRj& @j`~n~ f~lQn~ vQsQnQ. 

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| qE;~kr pY@q~Xvlt @s_K&y @s~v` @gny`m mgQn~ @b`@h`~ 

jWvQw @b|r` g#nWm @h~wO@vn~ @m`hEv anEs~mrNy @k@r\. 

@m|rQ @ryQbQ nQvQ svEw~ @v|l~s~ ytw~ vQjQw@y~ pE@r`~g`mQ v&`p`rQk@ykQ. 

wr#N vy@s~ sQrk`r pqQAcQk`rQyk~ (convict settler) @ls 

o|s~@tY|lQy`vt p#mQNW@mn~ psEv gr#bEhEmn~ lw~ pYj` n`yQk`vk~ vQy. 

48 


edQw~ @k`~vn~ (Edith Cowan) (1861 – 1932) 

@d|vQd| yEnyQ@p`~n~ (David Unaipon) (1872 – 1967) 

edQw~ @k`~vn~ sm`j @s~vQk`vk~, @q~Xp`l`Z@yk~ @mn~m k`n~w` 

axQv^q~{Qy @vnE@vn~ ktyEwO kl a@ykQ. o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| kOmn @h`~ 

p`r\lQ@m|n~wOvkt @w`~r` pw~vENE pY}m k`n~w`v@v|. 

@d|vQd| yEnyQ@p`~n~ @l~Kk@yk~, pYsQq~{Q@y~ k}`krn~@nkO sh nv 

@s`y`g#nWm| kl a@ykQ. ohEv sQhQkrn~@n~ ohE@gn~ vQq&`vt sh 

s`hQw&yt l#bENE q`ykw~vyw~, a`qQv`sW mQnQsEn~@g~ jWvn ww~vy 

ng`lWmt sQqEkrn lq @s~vyw~ sm|bn~{@ynQ. 

sr\ @j`~n~ @m`n$;~ (Sir John Monash) (1865 – 1931) 

@d|m| @nlW @ml~b` (Dame Nellie Melba) (1861 – 1931) 

sr\ @j`~n~ @m`n$;~ iAjQ@n~r#@vk~, prQp`lk@yk~ sh o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| sQtQ 

agYgN& hmEq` aN@qn nQl{`rQ@ykQ. ohEv sQhQpw~ krn~@n~ ohE@g~ 

n`ykw~vy, bEq~{Qy sh cwOrw~vy sm|bn~{@ynQ. 

@d|m| @nlW @ml~b` @l`~k pYkt @s`pY`@n`~ g`yQk`vkQ. sQAqE rFjQn 

(’Queen of Song’) @ls @l`v pEr` pYsQq~{Qyt pw~ a#y, j`w&n~wr 

kWr\wQy qQnR pY}m o|s~@tY|lQy`nE g`yQk`vy. 


j`wQk qQn sh uw~sv 

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| j`wQk nQv`dE qQn ap@g~ yE@qv| kQYs~wQy`nQ ur#my nQr$pNy krn awr yE@r`~pWyn~ pqQAcQvR avs~}`@v| sQt o|s~@tY|lQy`nE ann&w`vy 

h#dg#s~sR sn~{Qs~}`n smryQ. 

s~}Qr qQn 

jnv`rQ 1 aUw~ avEr#qE qQny 

aUw~ avEr#q~q a#rBWm apQ smrmE. 

jnv`rQ 26 o|s~@tY|lQy`nE qQny 

o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvkO ynE kOmk~q yn~n sh 1788 qW sQd|nQ @k`~v| @vw pY}m 

n`vEk bla#NQy p#mQNWm apQ smrmE. 

apQY@yl~ 25 a#n~s#k~ qQny 

1 vn @l`~k sAgY`m@y~qW g#lQ@p`lQ @vw o|s~@tY|lQy`nE sh nvsWln~w 

yE{hmEq` blk`yn~ p#mQNWm apQ anEs~mrNy krmE. ar\bRqvlqW mQygQy 

sQyUm o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ htq apQ @g_rv krmE. 

@qs#m|br\ 25 nw~wl~ qQny 

kQYs~wQy`nEvn~ smrN @j~sEs~ kQYs~wOs~vhn~@s~ upn~ qQny pqnm| krgw~ 

w&`g @bq`@qn qQnyk~. 

@qs#m|br\ 26 @b`k~sQA qQny 

nw~wl~ s#mrW@m| @k`tsk~. 

@vns~vn qQn 

km|kr# qQny @hvw~ p#y a@t| qQny 

o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ vQsQn~ @l`~k@y~ pY}m vw`vt qQnkt p#y atk~ v#d 

kQrWm qQn` g#nWm s#mrWm. 

p`s~kO 

@j~sEs~ kQYs~wOs~ vhn~@s~@g~ mrNy sh n#vw n#gQtWm yn kQYs~wQy`nQ 

vQX~v`sy anEs~mrNy @k@r\. 

mh rFjQN@g~ upn~ qQny 

o|s~@tY |lQy`@v| r`j& n`yQk`v vn elQsbw~ @qvn mh rFjQN@g~ upn~ qQny 

s#mrWm. @vs~tr\n~ o|s~@tY |lQy`v h#r sQyUm pỲ n~w sh sn~wk pY@q~Xvl 

@mm s#mrWm jRnQ m`s@y~ @qvn sqE qQn p#v#w~@v|. 

@vnw‘~ rj@y~ nQv`dE qQn 

@vns~ pY`n~wvl, sn~wk pY@q~Xvl sh agngrvl @vnw~ rj@y~ 

nQv`dE qQnyn~ a#w. uq`hrN vX@yn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE k#pQtl~ @trQtrQ@y~ 

k#n~br` qQny, svEw~ o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| s~@v|c|C` @s~vkyn~@g~ qQny sh 

@vs~tr\n~ o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| pqnm| qQny a#w. 

2005 sQd|nQ vr`yt ihlQn~ aUw~ avEr#qE lbn vQt p#v#w~vR gQnQ@kLQ 

50 


o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| jnw`v 

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| mQlQyn 22 k pmN jnghNyk~ a#wQ awr @my 

@l`~k@y~ @b`@h`~ vQvQ{vR sm`jvlQn~ ekkQ. a`qQv`sWn~@g~ sAK&`v mEU 

jnghN@yn~ sQyyt 2.5 k~ pmN@v|. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE v`sWn~@gn~ 

hw@rn~ ekkt vd` ipqW a#w~@w~ vQ@q~Xvl vn awr ovEn~ 

sAkYmNyvW a#w~@w~ rtvl~ 200 kt a{Qk sAK&`vkQnQ. jnghN@y~ 

vQvQ{w~vy @h~wO@vn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`v ht {nvw~ x`;`, vQX~v`s, sm|pYq`yn~ 

sh sAs~k^wWn~ vQX`l pYm`Nyk~ l#bW a#w. 

o|s~@tY|lQy`v h` mh` bQYw`n&y awr wQbENE sb[w`vyn~ k`ly`@g~ 

a#v$@mn~ adEvW wQbENq, mh` bQYw`n&y mgQn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`ywn 

@vw sQqEkrn lq blp$m wvqErtw~ pvwW. ap@g~ vtQn`km| wOl sh 

p#h#qQlQvm ap@g~ j`wQk x`;`v wOl @mm blp$m q#kQy h#k. 

nQ@vs wOl sh pYj`v wOl vQvQ{ x`;` 200 kt a{Qk sAK&vk~ 

(@b`@h`~ a`qQv`sW x`;` a#wOUv) k}` krn awr, iAgWYsQ x`;`v ap@g~ 

j`wQk ann&w`v@y~ v#qgw~ aAgykQ. 

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| a`r\}Qky 

o|s~@tY|lQy`v swOv s~}`vr sh wrMk`rW a`r\}Qkyk~ a#w. ap@g~ 

qQqEln, pEhENE XYmblk`y apQ agy krmE. o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| mQnQsEn~ xOk~wQ 

vQ[Qn gON`w~mk jWvn rt`v @l`~k@y~ a#wQ ihlm gON`w~mk jWvn 

rt`vlQn~ ekkQ. 

dQk~ s~mQw~ (Dick Smith) (upw 1944) 

@vL[pl 

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| s~}`vr sh nRwn mRl& a`ywn sh q#dQ @ls bqE sh 

@vL[`m p`lny kQrWm mgQn~ v&`p`r ktyEwO s[h` nQX~cQwx`vyk~ 

lb`qW a#w. o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| qL @q~XWy nQ;~p`qn@yn~ (Gross Domestic 

Product (GDP)) sQyyt 70 kt a`sn~n pYm`Nyk~ smn~vQw 

vn~@n~ sAc`rk v&`p`ry, a{&`pn sh mRl& @s~v` a#wOU @s~v` 

kr\m`n~wvly. 

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| a`r\}Qk s~}`vrx`vy, a`@y`~jkyn~ s[h` a`kr\;NWy 

s~}`nyk~ spyyQ. o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| @k`ts~ @vL[@p`l a`sQy` p#sQpQk~ 

kl`p@y~ @q@vnQ vn~@n~ jp`nyt pmNQ. 

@vL[`m 

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| vQX`lwm @vL[ shkr#vn~ vn~@n~ jp`ny, cWny, 

ek~sw~ jnpqy, qkONE @k`rQy`v, nvsWln~wy sh ek~sw~ jnpqy yn 

rtvl~y. ap pY{`n vX@yn~ apnyny krn~@n~ wQrQgO, @l`m|, yps~, 

KnQj qYv& sh rw~rn~y. qYvXWlW s~v`x`vQk v`yE sh gl~ aMOr# 

a`k`r@y~ Xk~wQyq apQ apnyny krmE. ap@g~ a`r\}Qky vQv^w awr 

@vL[`m s#mvQtm ap@g~ a`r\}Qk sm^q~{Q@y~ v#qgw~ aAgyk~ vW a#w. 

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE apnyn m$w k`lWnv bQlQyn $200 ik~mv` @g`s~ a#w. 

pwl~ kr\m`n~wy 

gl~ aMOr#, wB, qYvXWlW s~v`x`vQk v`yE sh KnQj v#lQ v#nQ s~v`x`vQk 

sm|pw~vlQn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`v @p`@h`sw~y. vQ@X~;@yn~ a`sQy`@v| qQyENE 

@vmQn~ pvwQn a`r\}Qkvl @m|v` s[h` ihL il~lEmk~ a#w. 

dQk~ s~mQw~, pYmEK @p@l~ 

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE v&`p`rQk@yk~, 

vQkYmQk@yk~ sh q`npwQ@ykQ. 

dQk~ s~mQw~ ohE@g~ v`sn` mhQmy 

a`rm|x k@l~ sQy i@lk~@tY`nQk~ 

v&`p`ry smgQnQ. ohE@g~ {ny 

ohE vQsQn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| qQyENEvt 

up@y`~gW krgn~n` lqW. 

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE nQ;~p`qn pmNk~ 

a#wQ a`h`r sm`gmk~ ohE a`rm|x 

kl awr sm`gm|vl ayQwQy 

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v|m wb` g#nWmt upk`r kQrWmt ohE vQsQn~ @d`lr\ mQlQyn 

gNn~ a`@y`~jny kr a#w. 

1986 qW vs@r~ \ o|s~@tY |lQy`nEv` vX@yn~ ohEv nm| kl awr k`r\mQk qQyENEv 

sh prQsr sAr]Ny s[h` pYq`nyk~ ohE vQsQn~ qQn` gn~n` lqW. uNEsEm| 

v`yE b#lEnykQn~ o|s~@tY |lQy`v sh ws~mn~ mEhEq wrNy kl pY}m 

pEq~gly` @m`hEy. @m`hE pYsQq~{ ohE@g~ vQkYmQkx`vy, v&`p`rvl s`r\}kw~vy 

sh o|s~@tY |lQy`v sm|bn~{@yn~ a#wQ q#dQ a`qry sm|bn~{@ynQ. 

o|s~@tY|lQy`@vn~ v#dQpErm apnyny krn~@n~ KnQj qYv& sh in~{n@v| 


@g`~lWy pErv#sQ@ykO vX@yn~ 

o|s~@tY|lQy`v 

o|s~@tY|lQy`v yhpw~ j`w&n~wr pErv#sQ@ykO vX@yn~ itEkrn k`r\& 

x`ry sm|bn~{@yn~ a`dm|br@v|. ap @my @l`vt @pn~vn~@n~ @l`v 

pEr` sQtQn apt vd` adE v`sn`vn~w ay ht upk`r kQrWm mgQnQ. 

o|s~@tY|lQy`v mgQn~ lb`@qn j`w&n~wr a`{`r sh 

m`nv hQwv`qW v&`y`myn~ 

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rj@y~ j`w&n~wr a`{`r v#dsthn mgQn~ qQyENE @vmQn~ 

pvwQn rtvlt qEgWbv adE kr g#nWmtw~ kl~ pvwQn sAvr\{nyk~ 

a#wQkr g#nWmtw~ upk`r lb`@q~. mQnQsEn~ sh rjyn~ ht upk`r 

lb`qWm mgQn~ apQ @mm sh`y ap@g~ kl`pytw~ mEU @l`vtw~ lb` @qmE. 

ap@g~ r@thQ @h`~ vQ@q~Xyn~hQ v&`snyn~ sQqEvR vQt o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ 

vQsQn~ awQmhw~ w&`gXWlWbvk~ @pn~vyQ. qQgQn~ qQgtm qEk~ vQ[Qn rtvl~ 

ht apQ nQwQpw` a`{`r lb`@q~. ap@g~ a`{`r kQrW@m| v#dsthnt a#wQ 

k#p kQrWm mgQn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| a#wQ @mm l]Ny vQqh` q#k~@v|. 

o|s~@tY|lQy`v 1971 qW a`r\}Qk sh@y`~gWw`v sh sAvr\{ny pQLQb[ 

sAvQ{`n@y~ (Economic Cooperation and Development 

(OECD)) pRr\N s`m`jQk@ykO vQy. OECD mgQn~ sQy s`m`jQk rtvl~ 

30 sh a@nk~ qQyENE @vmQn~ pvwQn rtvl a`r\}Qk, s`m`jyWy sh 

rFkWr]` ww~vyn~ vr\{ny kQrWmt bl`@p`@r`w~wO@v|, @m| awrm 

OECD mgQn~ @l`~k @vL[`m v&`p~w kQrWmq armENE @k@r\. 

a`sQy` p#sQpQk~ kl`p@y~ smWp sh@y`~gWw`vy vr\{ny kQrWmtq 

o|s~@tY|lQy`v mgQn~ sh@y`~gy lb`@q~. a`sQy` p#sQpQk~ a`r\}Qk 

sh@y`~gWw`vy (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 

(APEC)), n#@gnhQr a`sQy` smEUv (East Asia Summit (EAS)), 

a`sQy`n~ pY`@q~XWy sm|@m|lny (ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF)) 

sh p#sQpQk~ qRpw~ sm|@m|lny (Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)) yn 

sAvQ{`nvlq o|s~@tY|lQy`v kQYy`k`rW s`m`jQk@ykQ. 

@@vq& k#wrQn~ h#m|lQn~ AC 

(Dr Catherine Hamlin AC) 

(upw 1924) 

@@vq& k#wrQn~ h#m|lQn~ 

n`rQvQ@X~;ZvrQyk~ vn awr 

wr#N iwQ@y`~pQy`nE k`n~w`vn~ 

jWvQw@y~ pWd`vn~@gn~ @b|r` g#nWm 

sm|bn~{@yn~ kWr\wQyk~ lb` a#w. 

1959 vs@r\ sQt 

iwQ@y`~pQy`@v| adQs~ ab`b`hQ 

r`jk`rQ krn awr pYsv vNy 

(‘’obstetric fistula’) @lsQn~ 

h#[Qn~@vn qr# up@w~qW a#wQvn wOv`lyk~ sm|bn~{@yn~ k`n~w`vn~ 

ht upk`r kryQ. @mm @r`~gW ww~vy a#wQ k`n~w`vn~ ht sQy XrWr 

k^w&yn~ p`lny krgw @n`h#kQ awr @m| nQs` sm`j@yn~ b#h#rkr 

wbyQ. 

2004 in~qQy`nE s`gr sEn`mQyt psE in~qEnWsQy`@v| o|s~@tY|lQy`nE shn v#dktyEwO 

j`w&n~wr smEUvl o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| kQYy`k`rW 

shx`gQw~vy 

1945 qW ek~sw~ j`wWn~@g~ sAvQ{`ny (United Nations (UN)) 

a`rm|x@y~ sQt o|s~@tY|lQy`v kQYy`k`rW s`m`jQk@ykO @lsQn~ sQtW. 1951 

eksw~ j`wWn~@g~ srN`gw pYZ`p~wQy (1951 UN Refugee 

Convention) yt@w~ srN`gwyn~ vX@yn~ h[En`gw~ ay ht 

a`r]`v lb`qWm 1951 ek~sw~ j`wWn~@g~ srN`gw pYZ`p~wQy 

yt@w~ o|s~@tY|lQy`v sQqE kryQ. qQyENE @vmQn~ pvwQn rtvl~ s[h` 

ek~sw~ j`wWn~@g~ s`m hmEq` v&`y`myn~t q`ykvWm, m`nv hQwv`qW sh 

a`pq` avs~}`vlt pYwQc`r q#k~vWm sh ek~sw~ j`wWn~@g~ a{`&`pnQk, 

vQq&`w~mk sh sAs~k^wQk sAvQ{`n@y~ (United Nations 

Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) 

ktyEwOvl q#dQ @ls nQrwvWmw~ sQqE@v|. 

k#wrQn~ sh a#y@g~ s~v`mQ pEr#;y` vQsQn~ adQs~ ab`b` fQs~tRl` @r`~hl 

pQhQtEvn lqW. @m`vEn~@g~ uw~s`hy nQs` qhs~ gNn~ k`n~w`vn~ ht sQy 

nQ@vs~ @vw n#vw p#mQN sQy g@mhQ sm|pRr\N, @s_K&y sm|pn~n 

jWvQw gw kl h#kQvW a#w. 

1995 qW @@vq& k#wrQn~ h#m|lQn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| uss~m sm|m`ny vn 

o|dr\ of~ o|s~@tY|lQy` sm|m`n@yn~ pQqEm| l#bWy. a#y aqtw~ iwQ@y`~pQy`@v| 

k`n~w`vn~ @vnE@vn~ @s~vy kryQ. 

aq o|s~@tY|lQy`v awQ vQX`l sh vr\{ny vn rtk~ vn awr kWYd`, kl` 

sh vQq& @]~wYyn~hQ jygYhNyn~ sm|bn~{@yn~ a`dm|br@yn~ sQtW. 

ap@g~ mQnQsEn~@g~ jWvn ww~vy apQ agy krn nmEqE, s#mvQtm vd` 

ihl mt|tmkt lM` vWm armEN@v|. 

j`w&n~wr a`{`r sh sAvr\{n upk`r mgQn~, o|s~@tY|lQy`v vQsQn~ kWYd` 

@]~wY@yn~ ob|btq @l`~k pYj`v @vw s`{`rNw~vy rF@gn ynE a#w. 

52 


o|s~~@tY|lQy`nE @n`~@bl~ w&`gl`xWn~ 

vQq&`w~mk sh @@vq& pr\@y~;N sm|bn~{@yn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`vt kWr\wQyk~ a#w. @mm @]~wYyn~hQ o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ qs @q@nk~ @n`~@bl~ w&`g qQn` a#w. 

mh`c`r\& vQLQym| bY#g~ (Professor William Bragg) (1862 - 1942) sh @l`~rn~s~ bY#g~ (Lawrence Bragg) 

(1890 - 1971) @x_wQk vQq&`Z. 

ek~s~ @r\ x`vQw@yn~ s~PTQk v&Ehy vQX~@l~;Ny kQrWm sm|bn~{@yn~ ovEn~@g~ @s~v`v s[h` (‘for their services in the analysis of crystal 

structure by means of X-rays’) 1915 vs@r\qW @x_wQk vQq&`v s[h` @n`@bl~ w&`gy hvE@l~ jygYhNy kl vQLQym| bY#g~ (pQy`) sh @l`~rn~s~ 

bY#g~ (pEw`). 

XWYmw~ h`vr\d| @v`~l~tr\ f~@l`~rQ (Sir Howard Walter Florey) (1898 - 1968) v&`{Q@v|qQy`. 

svEw~ o|s~@t|YlQy`@v| a#dQ@l~d|hQ upn~ h`vd| f~@l`~rQ ht @pnQsQlQn~ sh ehQ a#wQ vQvQ{ @b`~vn @r`~g sm|bn~{@yn~ sEv kQrW@m| gONy @s`y` g#nWm 

sm|bn~{@yn~ (‘for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases’) 1945 qW k`yQk vQq&`v @h`~ 

@@vq& vQq&`v sm|bn~{@yn~ @n`~@bl~ w&`gy (hvEl~v) qQn`gn~n` lqW. 

XWYmw~ fY$n~k~ m#k~f`lr\n~ br\nt| (Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet) (1899 - 1985) @@vq& vQq&`Z sh jWv vQq&`Z. 

vQk~@t`~rQy` hQ upn~ fY$n~k~ br\nt| ht aw~pw~kr gw~ pYwQXk~wQy qr` g#nWm @s`y` g#nWm sm|bn~{@yn~ (‘for discovery of acquired 

immunological tolerance’) 1960 qW k`yQk vQq&`v @h`~ @@vq& vQq&`v sm|bn~{@yn~ @n`~@bl~ w&`gy (hvEl~v) qQn`gn~n` lqW. 

XWYmw~ @j`~n~ @k`~rQ ek~l~s~ (Sir John Carew Eccles) (1903 - 1997) k`yQk vQq&`Z. 

@ml~br\n~ nEvr upn~ @j`~n~ ek~l~s~ ht pr\yn~w sh m`{&yt ayw~ s~n`yE @@sl ptkvl uw~@w~jn sh nQ@;~{n sm|bn~{ ayn kQYy`k`rQw~vy 

@s`y` g#nWm sm|bn~{@yn~ (‘for discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the 

peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane’) 1963 qW k`yQk vQq&`v @h`~ @@vq& vQq&`v sm|bn~{@yn~ @n`~@bl~ 

w&`gy (hvEl~v) qQn`gn~n` lqW. 

mh`c`r\& @j`~n~ v`r\kp~ @k`~n~@f`~w~ (Professor John Warcup Cornforth) (1917 - 2007) rs`ynZ. 

sQd|nQ nEvr upn~ @j`~n~ @k`~n~@f`~w~ ht en~syQm mgQn~ uw~@w~jny vn pYwQkQYy` sm|bn~{ wQYm`n rs`yn vQq&`v sm|bn~{@yn~ (‘for his work on 

the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions’) 1975 qW rs`ynQk vQq&`v sm|bn~{ @n`~@bl~ w&`gy (hvEl~v) qQn`gn~n` lqW. 

mh`c`r\& pWtr\ @d`hr\tQ (Professor Peter Doherty) (upw 1940) pYwQXk~wQ vQq&`Z. 

kOvWn~s~ln~d| hQ upn~ pWtr\ @d`hr\tQ vQsQn~ @@slvl m#qQhw~vWm mgQn~ sQqEkrn pYwQXk~wQkrN a`r]`v sm|bn~{ vQ@X~;w` sm|bn~{ @s`y`g#nWm 

sm|bn~{v (‘for discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence’) 1996 qW k`yQk vQq&`v @h`~ 


mh`c`r\& b#rW m`;l~ (Professor Barry Marshall)(upw 1951) a`h`r m`r\g pq~{wQy sm|bn~{ vQ@X~;Z sh 

@@vq& @r`bQn~ @v`rn~ (Doctor Robin Warren) (upw 1937) v&`{Q@v|qQW. 

b#rW m`;l~ sh @r`bQn~ @v`rn~ vQsQn~ g#s~tYyQtQs~ sh @pp~tQk~ al~sr\ @r`~g sm|bn~{@yn~ b#k~tWrQym| @hlQ@k`b#k~tr\ pQ@l`~rQ hQ k`r\&x`ry @s`y`g#nWm 

sm|bn~{@yn~ (‘the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease’) 2005 qW k`yQk vQq&`v @h`~ 


m`h`c`r\& eLQs@bw~ @hln~ b|l#k~br\n~ (Professor Elizabeth Helen Blackburn) (upw 1948) jWv vQQq&`Z. 

@h`~b`t|hQ upn~ eLQs@bw~ b|l#k~br\n~ vQsQn~ @t@l`~@m@r\s~~ sh @t@l`~@m@r\s~~ en~syQm mgQn~ @kY`~m@s`~m a`r]` krn~@n~ @k@s~q yn~n @s`y`g#nWm 

sm|bn~{v (‘for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase’) 2009 qW 

k`yQk vQq&`v @h`~ @@vq& vQq&`v sm|bn~{@yn~ @n`~@bl~ w&`gy (hvEl~v) qQn`gn~n` lqW. 

s`hQw&y sm|bn~{ @n`~@bl~ w&`g l`xQ@ykOq o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| sQtW. 

p#t|rQk~ vyQt| (Patrick White) (1912 - 1990) nvk}`kr#vkO sh n`t& rck@ykO. 

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE @qm`pQyn~t q`v ln~dn~ hQ upn~ p#t|rQk~ vyQt| vQsQn~ s`hQw&yt nv mh`q~vWpyk~ ek~kl q] m@n`~mRlQk v^w~w`n~w kl`v s[h` 

(‘for an epic and psychological narrative art which has introduced a new continent into literature’) 1973 qW s`hQw& 

sm|bn~{ @n`~@bl~ w&`gy qQn`gn~n` lqW. 


5 vn @k`ts 

ap@g~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE v^w~w`n~wy 

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| a`qQv`sW sAs~k^wWn~ @l`~k@y~ 

aqt pvwQn p#rNQm sAs~k^wWn~@v|. 

54 


ap@g~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE v^w~w`n~wy 

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| @ktQ iwQh`sy kQsQqE a`k`rykQn~ sm|pRr\N iwQh`sy 

@lsQn~ s#lkQy yEwO n#wQ awr e~ mgQn~ ap@g~ rt sh sAs~k^wQy 

h#dg#sENE a`k`ry sm|bn~{@yn~ aqhsk~ lb`@q~. avEr#qE qhs~ gNnk~ 

wQs~@s~ @mm r@thQ pqQAcQv sQtQ@y~ sh @mm rt rFkbl` gw~@w~ 

a`qQv`sWn~ vQsQnQ. 1788 pY}m n`vEk blk`y p#mQNWm mgQn~ ovEn~@g~ 

@l`~ky sqhtm @vns~ vQy. psEgQy vsr 200 pEr` bhEsAs~k^wQkw~vy 

sh sm`q`ny kr` yn gm@n~qW sm`n`w~mw`vy sh m`nv hQmQkm| 

sm|bn~{@yn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`v @b`@h`~ p`dm| i@gn @gn a#w. ap vQsQn~ 

sQqEkr a#wQ pYwQ@X`~{nyn~ mgQn~ aqhs~ vn~@n~, ob q#n~ ek~vn 

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pYj`v, s$m pEq~gl@ykOvm sm`jyt a#wOlw~ kr a#wQ 

sm`jyk~ bvw~ s$m pEq~gl@ykOvm sm`jy mgQn~ vtQn` @ls slkn 

bvw~ hQwn sm`jykty. 

a`qQv`sW o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ 

q#nt @l`~k@y~ pvwQn p#rNQwm sAs~k^wWn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| a`qQv`sW 

sAs~k^wWn~@v|. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`qQv`sW mQnQsEn~ @mhQ vsr 40,000 sQt 

vsr 60,000 qk~v` k`lyk~ jWvw~v a#w. 

a`qWv`sW sh @t`~rs~ s~@tY|t| qRpw~v`sW sAs~k^wWn~ ekQ@nkt @vns~@v|. 

ovEn~ ht ovEn~t a`@v|NQkvR x`;`vn~ sh sAs~k^wWn~ a#w. 

@ewQh`sQk vX@yn~. a`qQv`sWn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pY{`n xSmQ@yn~ sh 

ws~@m|nQy`@vn~ p#mQNQ ay@v|. @t`~rs~ s~@tY|t| qRpw~v`sWn~, k~vWn~s~ln~d| 

hQ mEqE@N~ sQt p#pEv` nQv| gQnQ qRpw awr a#wQ qRpw~vlQn~ p#mQNQ 

ay@v|. @t`~rs~ s~@tY|t| qRpw~v`sWn~ vQsQn~~ p#pEv` nQv| gQnQ sh @vnw~ 

p#sQpQk~ qRpw~vl sQtQn ay h` @b`@h`~ sm`n sAs~k^wQk l]N 

@pn~vyQ. 

x`;` 

bQYw`n&yn~ p#mQNWmt @pr, a`qQv`sWn~ sh @t`~rs~ s~@tY|t| qRpw~v`sWn~ 

vQsQn~ x`;` sh up x`;` 700 kt a{Qk pYm`Nyk~ x`vQw` krn lqW. 

x`;` 145 k~ pmN aqtw~ x`vQw@y~ a#w. lQKQw x`;`vk~ @n`wQbQN. 

a`qQv`sWn~ vQsQn~ sQy mQnQsEn~ sh xSmQy sm|bn~{@yn~ kQyn k}` 

@h~wO@vn~ a`qQv`sW sAs~k^wQ@y~ v`cQk iwQh`sy awQXyQn~ 

v#qgw~@v|. uq`hrN vX@yn~, vQk~@t`~rQy` hQ @p`~r\t| pQlQp~ @b| (Port 

Phillip Bay) @vw gAvwOr g#lW@m| k}`v, vsr 10,000 kt @pr 

sQqEvR sw& sQq~{Qyk~ h` b#@[~. 

dWYmQn~ sh a`qQv`sW kl`v 

ap iAgW YsQ@yn~ ‘Dreaming’ @ls h[En~vn @qyt vQvQ{ a`qQv`sQk 

@g`~wY mgQn~ vQvQ{ nm| lb`qW a#w. Dreaming @h`~ Dreamtime ynE 

a`qQv`sW jWvQw p`lny kl q#nWm, vQX~v`sys h` pEhENEv a#wOlw~ kYmykQ. 

@m| mgQn~ ovEn~ jWvw~ vQy yEwO a`k`ry sh ovEn~ h#sQrQy yEwO a`k`ry 

@pn~v` @qyQ. @mm rWwWn~t avnw @n`vn ay ht qVEvm| lb`@q~. 

kkdR a`qQv`sW kl`v 

dWYmQn~ hQ a#wQ k}` @qm`pQyn~ sh v#dQhQtQyn~ vQsQn~ sQy qr#vn~t 

kQy`@qyQ. @mm k}` mgQn~ ovEn~@g~ xSmQy s$qENE sh eyt mQnQsEn~ p#mQNQ 

a`k`ry, h#sQrQy yEwO a`k`ry sh e@s~ h#sQrWmt @h~wOv yn`qW @q~ 

qr#vn~t kQy`@q~. @mm k}`n~qr mgQn~ a`h`r @s`y` gn~@n~ @k@s~q 

yn`qW agn` pY`@y`~gQk p`dm|q qr#vn~ ht kQy`@q~. 

a`qQv`sW sAgWwy, sQAqE sh n#tEm| mgQn~ dWYmQn~ sh eqQ@nq` jWvQwy 

sm|bn~{ k}` kQy`@q~. a`qQv`sWn~ g`yn` krn vQt sh ntn vQt, sQy 

mEwOn~ mQw~wn~ h` q#dQ sm|bn~{w`vyk~ a#wQ bvt ovEn~ ht h#MWmk~ 

a#wQ@v|. 

a`qQv`sW kl`@v| mEl~ a`k`r vn~@n~ gl~vl k#tym| k#pWm @h`~ cQwY kl`v 

sh @p`@L`@v| krn rt`vn~y. @m|v`yQn~ smhrk~ vsr 30,000 kt 

vd` p#rNQ@v|. m{&m o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| mQnQsEn~ @p`@L`v @h`~ dWYmQn~ hQ k}` 

nQ@y`~jny krmQn~ wQw~ sh kv upk`r@yn~ sQwOvm| aqQn lqW. 

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| uwOr# @k`tst vn~nt sQtQn ay mQnQsEn~, swOn~ sh 

xSwyn~@g~ r$p sQwOvm| krn lqW. 

a`qQv`sWn~ aw@r\ aqtw~ dWYmQn~ iw` v#qgw~ s~}`nyk~ gnW. 

5 vn @k`ts – ap@g~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE v^w~w`n~wy 55

o|s~@tY |lQy`vt p#mQNQ pY}m yE@r`~pWyn~ 

yE@r`~pWyn~@g~ mEl~ k`lWn @q~X g@v|;Ny 

17 vn sQyv@s~qW, yE@r`~pQy`nE g@v|;kyn~ vQsQn~ ‘Terra Australis 

Incognita’ ynE@vn~ h#[Qn~@vn qkO@N~ @n`hqEnn xSmQy @s`y` gn~n` 

lqW. 1606 vs@r\qW vQ@lm| j#n~sRn~ (Willem Janszoon) n#m#wQ o|ln~q 

j`wQky`, o|s~@tY |lQy`@v| uwOr# wOdE@v| a#wQ @k~p~ @y`~k~ ar\{q~vWp@y~ (Cape 

York Peninsula) bthQr @k`ts wrNy krn lqW. @mm vkv`nE@v|qWm 

s~p`z~z j`wQk lEyQs~ ves~ dQ @t`rs~ (Luis Vaez de Torres) vQsQn~ 

@m@hyvR @n_k`vkQn~ mh`q~vWp@y~ uwOrt a#wQ smEqY sn~{Qy hrh` y`wỲ 

krn lqW. 

1600 vsrvl ag x`g@y~qW, o|ln~q n`vQkyn~ vQsQn~ @vs~tr\n~ 

o|s~@tY|lQy` @vrL g@v|;Ny krn lqW. o|ln~q v#sQyn~ vQsQn~ @my nv 

o|ln~qy ‘New Holland’ @ls h[En~vn lqW. 

1642 qW, e~bl~ ws~mn~ (Abel Tasman) vQsQn~ aUw~ bQmk @vrL 

@s`y`gn~n` lq awr ohE ey ‘Van ‘Van Diemen’s Land’ 

(q#n~ ws~@m|nQy`v) @ls nm| krn lqW. ohE o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| s#wpEm| qhs~ 

gNnk~ @vrLq wrNy krn lqW. ohE@g~ nv o|ln~q@y~ asm|pRr\N 

sQwQym mgQn~ @p@nn~@n~ uwOrQn~ ey p#pEv` nQv| gQnQ h` y`vW a#wQ bv 

ohE vQX~v`s kl bvyQ. 

sQrkr#vn~ pYv`hny 

mEl~ yE@r`~pWyn~@gn~ @b`@h`~ @q@nk~ sQrkr#vn~ vWm @h~wO@vn~ 

o|s~@tY|lQy`v aq~vWwWy@v|. a#@mrQk` ek~sw~ jnpqyt nQqhs l#bW@mn~ 

psEv, apr`{kr#vn~ wv qErtw~ em rtt y#vWmt mh` bQYw`n&yt 

@n`h#kQ vQy. bQYw`n& sQrm#qQrQ iw`m wqbq vQy. v#rqQ kl ay@g~ 

sAK&`v vQX`l pmNkQn~ vr\{ny vn vQt, ovEn~ s[h` nv s~}`n 

@svWmt bQYw`n& rjyt sQqEvQy. 1786 qW apr`{ v#rqQkr#vn~ nQv| 

svEw~ @v|l~s~ hQ nv ytw~ vQjQwyt y#vWmt mh` bQYw`n&y wWrNy krn 

lqW. @my rtQn~ @nrp` h#rWm ‘transportation’ @ls h[En~vyQ. 

pY}m ytw~ vQjQwy 

nQv| svEw~ @v|l~s~ yn nv ytw~ vQjQw@y~ pY}m a`N~dEk`rvry` vR@y~ 

kpQw`n~ a`wr\ pQlQp~y. ohE @n_k` 11 kQn~ yEw~ pY}m n`vQk bl a#NQy 

a`r]`k`rW @ls bQ Yw`n&@y~ sQt @l`~k@y~ anQk~ pst @gn en lqW 

(Captain Arthur Phillip). sQrkr#vn~@g~ a`h`r p`n sh sExs`{ny 

sm|bn~{@yn~ ohE vQ@X~; s#lkQl~lk~ q#k~vR awr mEhEqE gm@n~qW iw`m sEU 

sAK&`vk~ mQy yn lqW. 

kpQw`n~ a`wr\ pQlQp~ 1788 jnv`rQ 26 vn qQn pY}m n`vEk bl 

a#NQy sQd|nQ @k`~v| @vw @gn en lqW. ap o|s~@tY|lQy`nE qQny smrn~@n~ 

s$m vsrkm @mm qQn@y~qWy. 

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE @p`@L`vt pY}m@yn~m py w#bR iAgWYsQ j`wQky` vQLQym| 

d#m|pQyr\y (William Dampier). 1684 qW ohE vyB @vrLt @ 

g`dbsQn lqW. ehQ bQm vQyLQ sh qRvQlQ shQw vR b#vQn~ @vLq`mt @h`~ 

pqQAcQyt @my sEqEsE @ls ohE s#lkO@v| n#w. 

kpQw`n~ @j~m|s~ kOk~ (Captain James Cook) 

1770 vs@r\ ‘Endeavour’ n#m#wQ @n_k`@vn~ iAgWYsQ j`wQk @j~m|s~ 

kOk~ p#mQ@Nn wOr# yE@r`~pWyn~ vQsQn~ o|s~@tY|~lQy`@v| n#@gnhQr @vrL 

g@v|;Ny kr @n`wQbQN. bQYw`n& rjy mgQn~ @m`hEv mEhEqE gmnk 

pQtw~ kr y#vE@v| qkONE p#sQpQk~ kl`py @s`y` g#nWmty. ohE 

n#@gnhQr @vrL wrNy kr, nRwn sQd|nQ nEvrt m[k~ qkONQn~ a#wQ @ 

b`tnQ @b| (Botany Bay) @vw @g`d bsQn lqW. @mm xSmQy nQv| svEw~ 

@v|l~s~ @lsQn~ @j~m|s~ kOk~ vQsQn~ h#[Qn~vR awr wOn~@vn @j`~r\j~ rjwOm` 

@vnE@vn~ ayQwQv`sQkm| kQyn (King George III) lqW. 

bQYw`n&@y~ sQt mEhEqQn~ p#mQNQ pY}m n`vQk bl a#NQy 1788 qW sQd|nQ @k`~v| @vw @s~n~qEvWm 

mEl~ vsr kQhQpy 

pqQAcQ krvW@m| mEl~ vsr kQhQpy iw` qE;~kr vQy. wm` sh sQy nQl{`rWn~ 

a#wOU sQyU @qn` ht ek h` sm`n a`h`rp`n lb`qW@mn~ mQnQsEn~ 

kQsQ@vk~ kOsgQn~@n~ @n`sQtQn bvt a`N~dEk`r pQlQp~ vQsQn~ vgbl` 

gn~n` lqW. @mm ytw~ vQjQwy mEl~ vsr kQhQpy wOl s`r\}kv pvw~v` 

g#nWmt ohE@g~ s`m`n& bEq~{Qy sh a{Q;~T`ny ivhl~ vQy. 

mEl~ k`lWn pqQAcQ kQrW@m|qW wQbENE qE;~kr k`r\&yn~ itEkr gw~@w~ 

sQrkr#vn~@gn~ b@ln~ v#d g#nWm mgQnQ. ovEn~ mhn~sQ@yn~ v#d 

@n`k@l~nm| @h`~ p#ngQ@y~ nm| @h`~ bWmw~ vENQ nm|, ovEn~v @k`~tEms~ 

krn lqW. ovEn~ vQsQn~ qr#NE apr`{yk~ sQqEk@l~ nm|, ovEn~v iw` 

qErb#h#r a#wQ pqQAcQ kQrW@m| pY@q~Xykt yvn lq awr smhr 

avs~}`vl el~l` mrN lqW. sQy qVEvm| k`ly avs`n kl psE 

sQrkr#vn~ nQqhs~vR awr, v#dkr sQy qr# pvEl~ rFkbl` g#nWmt pYj`v 

@vw nQqhs~ kr yvn lqW. 

nv o|ln~qy sm|bn~{ e~bl~ ts~mn~@g~ (Abel Tasman) sQwQym, 1644 

56 


nv avs~}` 

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| pY}m yE@r`~pWy pnghNy smn~vQw vR@y~ s~@k`t|ln~w, 

@v|l~s~ sh ayr\ln~w v#sQyn~@gnQ. s~@k`t|ln~w, @v|l~s~ sh ayr\ln~w 

v#sQyn~ @b`@h`~ vQt iAgWYsWn~ smM awWw@y~qW yE{ v#qEnq, 

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v|qW @mm kN~d`ym| hwr smWpv v#d krmQn~ jWvw~ vQy. 

sQrkr#vn~ sh klQn~ sQrkr#vn~ ytw~ vQjQwy wOl nv avs~}`vn~ 

@s`y` g#nWm a`rm|x krn lqW. hmEq` nQl{`rWn~ sQy k`ly @vLq`m| 

kQrWm mgQn~ mEql~ ipyWmt @y`q` gn~n` lq awr ovEn~@g~ upk`ryt 

sQrkr#vn~ sh @pr sQrkr#vn~v @s~v@y~ @y`qv` gn~n` lqW. smhr 

@pr apr`{ v#rqQkr#vn~ iw` ik~mNQn~ @vLqEn~ vX@yn~ sQy v&`p`r 

a`rm|x krn lqW. a@nk~ @pr sQrkr#vn~ @g`vQyn~, vQvQ{ v^w~wWkyn~, 

kds`p~pE ayQwQkr#vn~ sh w#b$r#m| ayQwQkr#vn~ a`qW vX@yn~ @h`[Qn~ 

sQy ktyEwO kr@gn gQyh. @pr apr`{ v#rqQ kl k`n~w`vn~q @h`[Qn~ 

v&`p`r ktyEwO kr@gn gQy awr eAgln~w@y~ k`n~w`vn~t vd` 

v#dQ@yn~ @mm k`n~w`vn~ nQqhs xOk~wQ vQn~qh. 

k#rlQn~ cQ@;`~m| (Caroline Chisholm) 

(1808 – 1877) 

k#rlQn~ cQ@;`~m| mEl~ k`lWn ytw~ 

vQjQwvl wnQ k`n~w`vn~@g~ 

ww~vy qQyENE kl mEl~ @p@l~ sm`j 

pYwQ@X`~{Qk`vkQ. 

k#rlQn~ 1838 vs@r\ sQy yE{ 

hmEq` nQl{`rW s~v`mQ pEr#;y` sh 

qr#vn~ ps~@qn` smM 

o|s~@tY|lQy`vt p#mQNQyh. sQd|nQ 

nEvr mAm`vw~vl jWvw~vR 

sAkYmNQk k`n~w`vn~ ht a#y 

upk`r kl`y. vsr kQhQpyk~ a#wOlw, ytw~ vQjQwy pEr` sAkYmNQk 

k`n~w`vn~ s[h`vR @n~v`sQk`g`r 16 k~ a#wQ krn lqW. 

n#v|vlQn~ ytw~ vQjQwvlt p#mQ@Nn ay@g~ jWvQwy v#dQ qQyENE kQrWmt 

k#rlQn~ mhn~sQvW v#d kl`y. an`} ay anEn~@gn~ y#pWm sh 

ovEn~@g~ qQLQqE bv n#wQ kQrWmt upk`r kQrWm s[h` Ny v#d sthnk~q 

a#y vQsQn~ a`rm|x krn lqW. 

aq o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| p`s#l~ @b`@h`~myk~ k#rlQn~ cQ@;`m| nmQn~ nm|kr 

a#w. a#yv sAkYmNQkyn~@g~ mQwYy` (‘the migrant’s friend’) 

@lsQn~ h#[Qn~vR awr mQnQsEn~ ht nv jWvQwyk~ a#rBWmt a#y vQsQn~ 

gn~n` lq apYwQhw @@{r\&y @h~wO@vn~ a#yv sQhQ kryQ. 

q#nEvw~ a`N~dEk`rvr@yk~ 

a`N~dEk`r pQlQp~ smM a`N~dEk`r @l`k~ln~ m#k~v`rQ (Governor 

Lachlan Macquarie) q ap@g~ mEl~ iwQh`s@y~ v#qgw~ s~}`nyk~ 

qryQ. ohE 1810 sQt 1821 qk~v` nQv| svEw~ @v|l~s~ ytw~ vQjQwy 

p`lny krn lqW. ohE @mm ytw~ vQjQwy sQrkr#vn~@g~ ytw~ vQjQwyk~ 

vX@yn~ @n`v, nQqh@s~ pqQAcQvn s~}`nyk~ @ls qQyENE krn lqW. ohE 

vQsQn~ @g`vQplvl pEhENE v#dQqQyENE kl awr nv m`r\g sh mhjn 

phsEkm| @g`dngn lqW. o|s~@tY|lQy`v g@v|;Ny kQrWmt ohE unn~qE 

krn lqW. 

@m`hE vQsQn~ a{&`pny s[h` mEql~ @y`qvn lq awr @pr 

sQrkr#vn~@g~ ayQwQv`sQkm|vlt gr# krn lqW. 

ytw~ vQjQwy sm|bn~{@yn~ krn lq yhpw~ @vns~km| sm|bn~{@yn~ 

a`N~dEk`r m#k~v`rQ ht aq gr#kryQ. nQv| svEw~ @v|l~s~hQ m#k~v`rQ vQX~v 

vQq&`ly (Macquarie University) nm| kr a#w~@w~ ohE@g~ nmQnQ. 

ap@g~ sQrkr#vn~@g~ ur#my 

m#k~v`rQ@g~ p`ln k`lyt psEv, a`N~dEk`rvry` swO blwl ek~ 

pEq~gl@ykO swOv wQbWm a{Qk bv sQwS nQs` 1823 vs@r\qW mWlM 

a`N~dEk`rvry`t up@qs~ lb`qWm s[h` nQv| svEw~ @v|l~s~ v&vs~}`q`yk 

mN~dlyk~ (Legislative Council) pQhQtEvn lqW. sQrkr#vn~ ht 

nQsQ @ls qVEvm| lb`@qn bvtw~ ovEn~ avX& pmNt vd` @h`[Qn~ 

jWvw~vWm v#L#k~vWmtw~ h#kQ vn@s~ ytw~ vQjQwy pYwQ@X`~{ny kQrWmt 

v&vs~}`q`yk mN~dly mWlMt uw~s`h gn~n` lqW. @k@s~vEvq, 19 vn 

Xwvr\;@y~ mEl~ x`g@y~ a#wQkl nQv| svEw~ @v|l~s~ sh o|s~@tY|lQy`v pEr` 

a#wQ a@nkOw~ ytw~ vQjQwvl jWvw~vn sQrkr#vn~ ht l#@bn sQyUm 

avs~}` nvw` q#mWmt @my asmw~ vQy. 

sm|pRr\N vX@yn~ 160,000 kt vd` sQrkr#vn~ sAK&`vk~ 

o|s~@tY|lQy`vt pQtEvhl~ krn lqW. mh` bQYw`n&@y~ sQt sQrkr#vn~ nQv| 

svEw~ @v|l~s~ @vw evWm 1840 qWw~, ws~@m|nQy` @vw evWm 1852 qWw~, 

@vs~tr\n~ o|s~@tY|lQy` @vw evWm 1868 qWw~ nvw~vn lqW. 

sQrkr#vn~@g~ qr#vn~ s#m vQtm nQqhs~ ay vR b#vQn~ @pr sQrkr#vn~ 

sh s`m`n& pqQAcQvRvn~ awr @vns kYm@yn~ n#wQvQy. 1850 vsrvl 

sQt ytw~ vQjQwvl jWvw~vR ay wm`v p`lny krgw~ awr v#qgw~ 

sm`j bQhQ kQrWmt avX& vQy. ytw~ vQjQwvl jWvw~vR ay sQy apr`{ 

iwQh`sys sm|bn~{@yn~ l#j~j`vR awr e~ g#n k}` kQrW@mn~ v#lkONQ. 

Xw vr\;ykt pmN psEv @mm l#j~j`br h#MWm @vns~vQy. 

o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ sQy apr`{ iwQh`sy sm|bn~{@yn~ a`dm|br vENE awr 

@b`@h`~ ay q#n~ apr`{ iwQh`syk~ a#wQ mEwOn~mQw~wkO @s`y` g#nWmt 

swOtQn~ sQtW. 

@mm pQLQg#nWm sm|bn~{ gONy @h~wO@vn~, o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ 

mQnQsEn~@g~ pvEl~ psEbQm sh @pr h#sQrWm sm|bn~{@yn~ w#kWm| @n`krn 

pQrQsk~ bvt pw~v a#w. apt mQnQsEn~ hmEvn a`k`ryt pQLQgn~n` awr 

h#m a@ykOtm s`{`rN @ls slkyQ. 


yE@r`~pWyn~ pqQAcQvW@mn~ psE a`qQv`sWn~ 

yE@r`~pWyn~ pqQAcQy a`rm|xvENE avs~}`@v| o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| a`qQv`sWn~ sh 

@t`~rs~ s~@tY|t| qRpw~v`sWn~ 750,000 sQt mQlQyn 1.4 k~ pmN sQtQ 

bvt gNn~ bl` a#w. @mm sAK&`@v| j`wWn~ 250 k~ sh x`;` 

kN~d`ym| 700 kt a{Qk pYm`Nyk~ awOlw~@v|. 

yE@r`~pWyn~ pY}m@yn~m o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| pqQAcQvR avs~}`@v|, a`qQc`sWn~ smM 

bQYw`n& rjy kQsQqE gQvQsEmk~ a#wQ kr@gn @n`wQbQNQ. a`qQv`sWn~ ht 

ovEn~@g~ a`r\}Qkyn~ p#vwQ awr xSmQy sm|bn~{@yn~ p#rNQ 

sb[w`vyk~ p#vwQN. yE@r`~p@y~ @mv#nQ kYm @h`~ vQX~v`syn~ @n`wQbENE 

b#vQn~ rjy ht @my h[En` g#nWmt @n`h#kQ vQy. a`qQv`sWn~ @b`~g vg` 

@n`kl awr ek s~}`nyk sQtWmt nQ@vs~ s`q` @n`gw~h. @m| @h~wOv 

nQs` @m`vEn~ ht ayQwQy sm|bn~{@yn~ h#MWmk~ @n`m#wQ bv bQYw`n& 

rjy sQwWy. rjy mgQn~ idm| nQqh@s~ lb` gn~n` lqW. 

m`rk g#tEm 

a`qQv`sWn~ ht krqr @n`krn @lst mEl~ k`lWn a`N~dEk`rvr#n~ ht 

up@qs~ lb`qW wQbENq, bQYw`n& pqQAcQkr#vn~ a`qQv`sWn~@g~ idm|vlt 

p#mQN @b`@h`~ a`qQv`sWn~ mr#mEvt pw~krn lqW. @mv#nQ apr`{ kQrWm 

sm|bn~{@yn~ s`m`n&@yn~ pqQAcQkr#vn~ ht qVEvm| @n`krn lqW. 

smhr a`qQv`sWn~ sh yE@r`~pWy pqQAcQkr#vn~ ht sm`q`n@yn~ ekt 

jWvw~vWmt h#kQvQy. smhr pqQAcQkr#vn~ b#tU sh gv @g`vQplvl 

a`qQv`sWn~v @s~vyt @y`q` gw~h. agY`N~dEk`r m#k~v`rQ vQsQn~ a`qQv`sWn~ 

ht @g`vQw#n~ kr g#nWmt idm| lb` qEn~ awr a`qQv`sW LmEn~ 

@vnE@vn~ p`s#lk~ a`rm|x krn lqW. @k@s~vEvq, pqQAcQkr#vn~ 

jWvw~vn a`k`ryt jWvw~vWmt avX& vR@y~ iw` sEU a`qQv`sWn~ 

sAK&`vkt pmNQ. ovEn~@g~ sAs~k^wQk sm|pYq`yn~ ahQmQ kr g#nWmt 

ovEn~ akm#wQ vQy. 

idkdm| sm|bn~{ arglvlqW @k`wrm| a`qQv`sWn~ sAK&`vk~ mQygQyq 

yn~n ap @n`qn~n` mEw~ a`qQv`sWn~ sQy qhs~ sAK&`vk~ mQygQy bv 

apQ qnQmE. a`qQv`sWn~ mrNyt pw~kl vQX`lm kr#N vR@y~ yE@r`~pWyn~ 

@mrtt rF@gn a` @ld @r`~gy. a`qQv`sWn~@g~ jWvQw h`nQy mh` 

v&`snykQ. 1830 vs@r\qW vQk~@t`~rQy` hQ sQtQ a`qQv`sWn~ sAK&`v 

10,000 kQ. 1853 vs@r\qW @mm sAK&`v 1907 k~ pmNk~ vQy. 

@ewQh`sQk sn~{Qs~}`n 

rtwOl g@v|;Ny 

nQv| svEw~ @v|l~s~hQ mEl~ k`lWn ytw~ vQjQw pqQAcQkr#vn~ q#dQ 

qE;~krw`vlt mEhEN qEnQ. o|s~@tY|lQy`@vn~ iw` kOd` pYm`Nyk~ pmNk~ 

s`rvw~y. @mv#nQ prQsryk jWvw~vWmt a`qQv`sWn~ pEr#qEv sQtQyq, nQyM 

k`lvlqW @m`vEn~q qEk~ vQn~qh. 

sQd|nQ nEvr pqQAcQkr#vn~ vQsQn~ rt wOl g@v|;Ny kQrW@m|qW mEhEN qEn~ 

pY}m b`{ky nm| sQd|nQ nEvrt kQ@l`~ mWtr\ 50 k~ qkONt vWmt a#wQ 

b|lR mvEn~tn~ k[Ev#tQyyQ. 1813 vs@r\qW, b|l#k~s~ln~d| (Blaxland), 

@vn~t|vr\w~ (Wentworth) sh @l`~sn~ (Lawson) yn wQ@qn` @mm 

k[Ev#tQy wrNy krn lqW. b|lR mvEn~tn~ hrh` @y`q` a#wQ mh` m`r\g 

sh qEm|rQy m`r\g @y`q` a#w~@w~ ovEn~ gmn~ kl m`r\g@y~y. 

@mm k[Ev#tQyt ob|@bn~ b#tUvn~ sh gvyn~ a#wQ kQrWmt kqQm vQv^w 

bQmk~ a#wQ bv g@v|;kyn~ vQsQn~ @s`y` gn~n` lqW. wvw~ rt wOlt 

vWmt, vQyLQ, k`n~w`r shQw bQmk~ ovEn~t hmEvQy. vwOr @s`y` g#nWm 

sh jWvw~ vWmt avX& a`h`r rF@gn y`m aphsEvQy. 1848 

vs@r\qW mh`q~vWp@y~ n#@gnhQr sQt bthQrt gmn~ krmQn~ sQtQyqW 

jr\mnQ@y~ upw lq lEd|vQg~ lyQk`r\d| (Ludwig Leichhardt) 

g@v|;ky` awOr#qhn~ vQy. 

1860 vs@r\qW, br\k~ (Burke) sh vQkl~s~ (Wills) o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| 

qkO@N~ sQt uwOrt gmn~ kQrWmt @ml~br\n~ nEvrQn~ pQtw~ vQy. ovEn~ 

vQsQn~ vQX`l g@v|;Nyk~ (Yandruwandha) sQqE kl mEw~ em gmn 

awQ qE;~kr vQy. ovEn~ ht a`qQv`sW yn~d|r#vn~q` mQnQsEn~@gn~ vQ@X~;Z 

upk`r l#bENq, g@v|;kyn~ @q@qn`m a`psE en gm@n~qW mr#mEvt 

pw~vQy. br\k~ sh vQl~s~@g~ g@v|;Ny sm|pRr\N kQrWmt @n`h#kQ vEvq, 

ovEn~@g~ v^w~w`n~wy kl`v sh s`hQw&@y~ anEs~mrNy kryQ. @my 

ap@g~ xSmQ@y~ kr\k;x`vy sm|bn~{ qEk~KQw uq`hrNykQ. 

1860 br\k~ sh vQl~s~ @g~ o|s~@tY|lQy`v wrNy kQrW@m| @q~X g@v|XNy 

58 


pqQAcQkr#vn~ sh pE@r`~g`mWn~ 

pqQAcQkr#vn~ ht @h`[ bQmk~ wQbENE avs~}`vl pv`, jWvQwy iw` 

qE;~kr vQy. gAvwOr @h`~ nQyMykt psE @b`@h`~ avs~}`vl ovEn~t mEl 

sQtm a#rBWmt sQqEvQy. 1838 vn vQt o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| pY`}mQk apnyny 

vE@y~ @l`m|y. nQyM sm@y~qW @h`~ vQ@q~Xvl @l`m| s[h` @gvn mQL adEvR 

avs~}`vl, pqQAcQkr#vn~ ht jWvw~vWmt kYmyk~ @n`m#wQ vQy. 

@k@s~vEvq, n#vw n#gQt stn a#rBWy. @mv#nQ qE;~kr avs~}`vlt 

mEhEN qW n#vw y}` ww~vyt pw~vn ay ‘Aussie battler’ @ls 

apQ h[En~vmE. Aussie battler mgQn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~@g~ stn~ kQrW@m| 

sh pYw&`s~}Q gONyn~~ nQ@y`~jny @k@r\. @mm qE;~kr k`lvl wm` ht 

wQbR @@{r\&y sm|bn~{@yn~ pE@r`~g`mW k`n~w`vn~ sh pQrQmQn~ ht apQ 

gr# krmE. pQrQmQn~ b#h#rv @h`~ mQy@g`s~ sQtQn vQt @b`@h`~ avs~}`vl 

v&`p`ry @h`~ @g`vQpL rFkbl` g#nWmt k`n~w`vn~t sQqEvQy. 

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| mQwYw~v gONy (spirit of mateship) a`rm|x vR@y~ 

@mm qE;~kr mEl~ k`l@y~y. b#tU @l`m| kpmQn~, gvyn~ qk~vmQn~ qEr 

b#h#r pY@q~Xvl gmn~ kl pQrQmQn~ awr @my @h`[Qn~ a#w. qE;~kr 

avs~}`vl pqQAcQkr#vn~ ekQ@nk` ht upk`r kr g#nWmq wQbQNQ. @mm 

sm|pYq`y q#ntw~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE jWvQw@y~ aAgykQ. s$m vsrkm qs qhs~ 

sAK&`vk~ l#v| gQnQ h` stn~ kQrWmt s~@v|c|C`@vn~ iqQrQpw~ vWm @myt 

@h`[ nQqsEnkQ. 

rw~rn~ k#NWm s[h` k#NWm| krn~nn~~ vQsQn~ g`s~wO @gv` blpwY 

lb`gw~ psE rj@y~ hmEq` xt@y`~ ovEn~t iw` nrk a`k`ryt slkn 

lqW. mRlQk pYj`wn~wYv`qW ayQwQv`sQkm| sm|bn~{ pYZ`p~wQyk~ sm|mw kr 

g#nWmt 1854 @n`v#m|br\ 11 vn qQn b#lr`t| (Ballarat) hQ @b|krQ 

hQl~ (Bakery Hill) hQ mQnQsEn~ 10,000 k~ pmN rFs~vQy. iw` vQyqm| 

a{Qk blpwYyk~ s[h` @gvWmkQn~ @w`rv rw~rn~ h$rWmt h#kQy`v lb` 

g#nWmt @m`vEn~t avX& vQy. vQk~@t`~rQy`nE p`r\lQ@m|n~wO@v| wm`v 

nQ@y`~jny kQrWmt nQ@y`~jQwyn~ @w`~r` g#nWmt Cn~qy p`vQc|cQ kQrWmt 

h#kQy`v lb` g#nWmtw~ ovEn~t avX& vQy. 

kOd` kN~d`ymk~ vQsQn~ yE@r\k` k#NWm| sQqEkrn w#n vQX`l iNQv#tk~ 

s$qE awr ovEn~@g~ Southern Cross shQw vQp~lvk`rW {jy esvWy. 

iNQv#t kd` q#mWmt 1854 @qs#m|br\ 3 vn qQn uq$sn rj@y~ 

nQl{`rWn~ vQsQn~ @s`l~q`qEvn~ @y`qvn lqW. rw~rn~ k#NWm|kr#vn~v 

m#dpvw~vn lq awr 30 @q@nk~ pmN mr#mEvt pw~vQy. 

rw~rn~ @s`y` g#nWm (The gold rush) 

1851 mEl~ x`g@y~qW nQv| svEw~ @v|l~s~ hQ rw~rn~ @s`y` g#nWm j`wQy 

@vns~ kl @s`y` g#nWmk~ @ls h[En~vyQ. @myt tQk klkt psEv nv 

s~v`{Wn ytw~ vQjQwyk~vR vQk~@t`~rQy` hQq rw~rn~ @s`y` gn~n` lqW. 

1852 avs`ny vn vQt o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| sh @l`~k@y~ sQyUm pY@q~XvlQn~ 

rw~rn~ @s`ymQn~ 90,000 k~ pmN @qn` vQk~@t`~rQy` @vw @g`s~ a#w. 

yE@r\k` {jy 

vQp~lvk`rW n`ykyn~t vQr#q~{v r`j@qY`~hWvWm sm|bn~{@yn~ ndE p#vr$ 

avs~}`@v| kQsQqE jRrQ sx`vk~ ovEn~v v#rqQkr#vn~ k@l~ n#w. r`jkWy 

@k`mQsmk~ mgQn~ rjy v#rqQ bv @s`y`gn~n` lq awr pwl~kr#vn~ 

@b`@h`~myk@g~ il~lWm| l#bQNQ. ovEn~ vQsQn~ il~l` sQtQn lq @q~Xp`ln 

nQ@y`~jnyq ovEn~ ht l#bENQ. vQp~lvWy n`yky` vR pWtr\ l`@l`~r\ 

(Peter Lalor) vsrk~ a#wOlw vQk~@t`~rQy`nE p`r\lQ@m|n~wO@v| 

mn~wWYvr@yk~ bvt pw~vQy. 

k`ly`@g~ a#v$@mn~ yE@r\k` k#rlQkr#vn~ vQ@r`~{y pl kQrW@m| 

sA@k~wyk~ bvt pw~vR awr s`{`rNw~vy sm|bn~{ ap@g~ vQX~v`sy 

whvEr# vQy. 

nQv| svEw~ @v|l~s~ sh vQk~@t`~rQy` ytw~ vQjQwvl rw~rn~ @s`y` gw~@w~ 1851 vs@r\qWy 

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE iwQh`s@y~ @X~Y;~T pYj`wn~wYv`qW avs~}`vk~ vX@yn~ 

yE@r\k` k#rFl~l (Eureka rebellion) sQhQpw~ @k@r\. rj@y~ nQl{`rWn~ 

vQsQn~ b#lr`t| (Ballarat) rw~rn~ a`kry qr#NE a`k`ryt p`lny 

kQrWmt e@rhQv 1854 qW b#lr`t| rw~rn~ a`kr@y~qW k#NWm| krn~nn~ 

vQsQn~ vQX`l vQ@r`~{w`vyk~ a`rm|x krn lqW. 

rw~rn~ l#bWm mgQn~ o|s~@tY |lQy`v @b`@h`~ @s~ @vns~vQy. @mm 

k`l@y~qW o|s~@tY |lQy`@v| mEU jnghNy 1851 vs@r\qW 43,000 sQt 

1870 vs@r\qW mQlQyn 1.7 qk~v` v#dQ vQy. v#dQvn jnghNy sm|bn~{ 

kQrWmt 1850 vs@r\qW pY}m qEm|rQy m`r\g sh vQqElQ lQpQ y#vWm a`rm|x 

vQy. 

svEw~ o|s~@tY|lQy`v h#r a@nkOw~ sQyUm ytw~ vQjQwvl vQX`l rw~rn~ 

nQ{Q hmEvQy. a`r\}Qky sm^q~{Qmw~ vENE awr ap@g~ vtQn`m apnyny 

@ls @l`m|vlt wQbQ w#n rw~rn~vlt hQmQvQy. 1890 pmN vnvQt, 

@l`~k@y~ uss~m jWvn ww~vy o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| wQbEN` vQy h#k. 


@ln~ pqQAcQvRvn~ sh @g`vQyn~ 

ytw~ vQjQwvl mEl~ k`l@y~ sQtm, b@ln~ pqQAcQvRvn~ (‘squatters’) 

@ls h[En~vn ay vQX`l bQm| pYm`Nyn~ @g`vQplvl~ bvt pw~krn lqW. 

@mm idm| s[h` ovEn~t kQsQm @gvWmk~ kQrWmt @n`wQbENE awr, ovEn~ 

@m|v` ovEn~@g~ idm| @ls slkn lqW. rw~rn~ pY}m@yn~ hmEvR 

k`l@yn~ psEv b@ln~ pqQAcQvRvn~@gn~ @mm idm| n#vw lb` g#nWmt 

mhw~ prQXYmyk~ q#rWmt sQqEvQy. 

1860 vsrvl, b@ln~ pqQAcQvR ay@g~ idm|, v#dkrn ay sh 

ovEn~@g~ pvEl~vlt @g`vQplvl~ s[h` vQkQNWmt rjyt avX& vQy. 

iw`m @h`[ wnwOr#vl sQtQ b@ln~ idm|vl sQtQn~nn~, wm`t bqE 

ayQwQv`sQkm| a#wQ bv qk~vmQn~ h#kQ wrm| idm| wb` g#nWmt uw~s`h 

krn lqW. 

nv @g`vQyn~ qE;~krw`vyn~ rFskt mEhEN qEn~ awr qEm|rQy m`r\g 

wnn @wk~ @vL[ @p`lvl~ s[h` pY@v|Xy qE;~kr vQy. ngrvl iw` 

ihl v#tEp~ lb` g#nW@m| avs~}`vn~ wQbWm @h~wO@vn~ mh @p`@L`v smM 

ktyEwO kr kOd` mEqlk~ ipyWm a`kr\;NWy @n`vWy. 

1860 vsrvl sQt, o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| qE;~kr pY@q~Xvl otE qEm|rQy 

(camel ‘trains’) kQYy`w~mk kQrWmt ir`ny, IjQp~wOv sh wOr\kQy yn 

rtvlQn~ mQnQsEn~ p#mQNQyh. otEvn~ qk~kn in~qQy`nEvn~ h` @m| sQyU 

@qn` @p`qE@v| a#f~gnQs~w`nEvn~ (‘Afghans’) @ls h#[Qn~vWmt mRlQk 

vX@yn~ @h~wOvR@y~ ovEn~@g~ sm`n a`k`r@y~ a#[Em| sh @p`qE is~l`m| 

vQX~v`syn~ nQs`y. @mm otEvn~ qk~kn ayv s#lkO@v| rt wOl 

pE@r`~g`mWn~ (‘pioneers of the inland’) vX@ynQ. in~qQy`nEvn~ 

4000 k~ sh p#sQpQk~ qRpw~ v`sWn~ 6000 k~ pmNq kOvWn~s~ln~w@y~ 

uk~ gs~ sh @k@sl~ kr\m`n~wvl @s~v@y~ @yqW sQtQyh. 

1880 vsrvl sQt, o|s~@tY|lQy`vt @lbnn@yn~ @s~vkyn~ p#mQNQyh. 

@b`@h`~ @lbnn~ j`wQkyn~ @rqQpQLQ sh a#[Em| kr\m`n~wvl nQrw vQy. 

gm|bq o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| wQbR @b`@h`~myk~ a#[Em| s`p~pEvl ayQwQy @lbnn~ 

pvEl~ swOvR awr aqtw~ @mm sm|pYq`y pvwW. 

svEw~ o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| @g`vQyn~ ht iw` @h`[ ww~vyk~ p#vwQNQ. vg` 

kQrWm phsE krvn @g`vQpl yn~wY sRwY @s`y` gn~n` o|s~@tY|lQy`nE 

sm|pYq`y pY}m@yn~m a#rBE@n~ @mhQy. @b`~g vg`v s[h` wq @p`Lv 

sRq`nm| kQrWm phsE krn s~tm|p~ jm|p~ ngOl (The stump-jump 

plough) (1870 vsrvl) @myt kqQm nQqsEnkQ. 

1800 vsrvl sAkYmNy 

1800 mEl~ x`g@y~ ytw~ vQjQwvl pY{`n vX@yn~ sQtQ@y~ iAgWYsQ, 

s~@k`t|ln~w, @v|l~s~ sh ayr\ln~w pqQAcQkr#vn~y. nv j`wQy pqnm| 

vR@y~ ovEn~@g~ ur#myn~ mwy. o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| awWwy, sAs~k^wQk 

kQYy`k`rkm| sh a`gmQk pEhENE ek~sw~ r`j{`nQ@y~ sQtQn ay h` 

sm`ny. @k@s~vEvq, yE@r`~py sh a`sQy`@v| sQt p#mQNQ kOd` sAkYmN 

kN~d`ym|q sQtQyh. 1800 vsrvl p#mQNQ yE@r`~pWyn~ awr gWYk, 

@p`~ln~w, @m`~l~t`, r#sQy`nE @mn~m vyQn~ kr\m`n~w@y~ nQrwvR pYAX 

pqQAcQkr#vn~q vQy. @m`vEn~ @b`@h`~ @q@nk~ rFkQy` @s`yn sh v`sn`v 

urg` bln wr#N pQrQmQ ay @h`~ sQy n#v| awh#r q#mR n#v|vl @s~vy 

kl ay@v|. 

cWn sAkYmNQkyn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`vt p#mQNWm a#rBE@n~ 1842 vsrt 

psEvy. ovEn~@g~ sAK&`v v#dQ vR@y~ rw~rn~ @s`y` g#nW@mn~ psEv vn 

awr rw~rn~ a`krvl j`wQv`qW @n`sn~sEn~w`vyn~ p#vwQN. @m|v` 

smhr avs~}`vl cWn j`wQkyn~t e@rhQ @k`~lh`l bvt pw~vR awr 

1854 vs@r\ @bn~dQ@g`~ (Bendigo) hQqW sQqEvENE @qy @myt kqQm 

nQqsEnkQ. @mm j`wQv`qW @n`sn~sEn~w`vyn~ @h~wO@vn~ vQk~@t`~rQy`@v| 

1855 qWw~ nQv| svEw~ @v|l~s~hQ 1861 qWw~ sAkYmN sWm` p#nvWy. 

1850 vsrvl wQbENE rw~rn~ @s`y` g#nW@mn~ psE, @b`@h`~ cWn 

j`wQk@y`~ n#vw sQy rtt gQyh. @mhQ iwQrQ vR@y~ jly hQM pY@q~Xvlt 

wqQn~ avX&vR aUw~ eLvU sh pLwOr# s#pyR vWn j`wQk @gvwO vg` 

kl ay pmNkQ. 

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| qErb#h#r pY@q~Xvl otEvn~ qk~kn a#f~gn~ v#sQyn~ (‘Afghan’ cameleers) 

a`qQv`sW sAcQwyn~ 

a`qQv`sWn~ sh pqQAcQkr#vn~ awr mEl~ k`lWn sAgY`m avsn~ vW@mn~ 

psEv, a`qQv`sWn~ jWvw~vR@y~ sm`j@y~ phw~ mt|tm|vly. smhr#n~ qEr 

b#h#r pY@q~Xvl b#tU sh gv g`l~vl iw` adE @v|wnyt v#d klh. 

@fdrl~ rjy mgQn~ a`qQv`sWn~ ht jWvw~ vQy h#kQ sAcQw pY@q~X a#wQ 

klq, @mm pY@q~Xvl a`qQv`sWn~ ht wm` k#mwQ sm|pYq`yQk jWvQw 

@gvWmt avs~}`v lb` @n`qQnQ. ovEn~t avX& a`k`ryt qdym| kr 

jWvw~ vWmt ovEn~ ht @n`h#kQ vQy. 

1800 vsrvl avs`n@y~, ytw~ vQjQw rjy mgQn~ a`qQv`sW 

ayQwQv`sQkm| ovEn~@gn~ ivw~ kr gn~n` lqW. a`qQv`sWn~ jWvw~ vQy 

yEw~@w~ @k`@h~q yn~n rjy mgQn~ qn~vn lqW. ovEn~ vQv`h vQy yEw~@w~ k` 

smMq yn~n ovEn~ ht kQy` qEn~ awr a`qQv`sW LmEn~v sQy 

@qm`pQyn~@gn~ ivw~ kr gn~n` lqW. @mm qr#vn~v sEqE pvEl~ @vw @h`~ 

rj@y~ an`}`g`r @vw yvn lqW. @mm pEr#qE wv qErtw~ @n`p#vwONq, 

@mm sQqEvWm| a`qQv`sWn~ sh @b`@h`~ o|s~@tY |lQy`nEvn~@g~ q#dQ @q`m|nst 

@h~wOvW a#w. 

60 


Cn~q bly 

m#wQvrNvlqW k`n~w`vn~ ht Cn~qy p`vQc|cQ kQrW@m| ayQwQy 

@vnE@vn~ v&`p`rvl @yqEnE ay h#[Qn~vWmt @l`v pEr` x`vQw` kl 

vcnykQ ‘Suffragettes’. 1880 sh 1990 vsrvl s$m ytw~ 

vQjQwykm avm vX@yn~ Cn~q ayQwQy sm|bn~{@yn~ ktyEwO krn 

ek~ smQwQyk~vw~ wQbQN. @m| @vnE@vn~ ktyEwO kl ay vQsQn~ sQy ytw~ 

vQjQwvl p`r\lQ@m|n~wOvlt @pw~sm| iqQrQpw~ kQrWmt aw~sn~ qhs~ gNnk~ 

ekwO krn lqW. 

svEw~ o|s~@tY |lQy`nE k`n~w`vn~ 1895 qW Cn~qy x`vQw` kQrWmtw~ 

p`r\lQ@m|n~wOvt @w`~r` pw~vWmtw~ ayQwQy qQn` gw~h. @vs~tr\n~ 

o|s~@tY |lQy`nE k`n~w`vn~ Cn~qy x`vQw` kQrW@m| ayQwQy 1899 qW qQn` gw~h. 

1902 qW Cn~qy x`vQw` kQrWm sh o|s~@tY|lQy`nE p`r\lQ@m|n~wOvt @w`~r` 

pw~vWm yn ayQwWn~ @qkm k`n~w`vn~t ht lb` qEn~ pY}m rt 

o|s~@tY|lQy`v@v|. a`qQv`sW k`n~w`vn~ (sh pQrQmQn~) ht 1962 vn @wk~ 

Cn~qy lb`qW@m| ayQwQy @n`wQbQNQ. 

1923 qW @vs~tr\n~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE p`r\lQ@m|n~wOvt @w`~r` pw~vR vQt edQw~ 

@k`~vn~ (Edith Cowan) pY}m k`n~w` p`r\lQ@m|n~wO nQ@y`~jQwvrQy 

vQy. 1943 vs@r\ enQd| lQ@yn~s~ (Enid Lyons) o|s~@tY|lQy`nE 

p`r\lQ@m|n~wOvt @w`~r` pw~ vn @wk~, kQsQqE k`n~w`vk~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE 

p`r\lQ@m|n~wOv nQ@y`~jny @n`krn lqW. 

@fd@r\;ny 

ytw~ vQjQw @vn @vnmm qQyENE vEvq, 19vn sQyvs ag x`gy vn vQt 

j`wQyt ayw~y yn @p`qE h#MWm vr\{ny @vmQn~ wQbQN. @mm h#MWm 

‘Advance Australia Fair’ mgQn~ kQy@vn vcnvlQn~ pYk`X@v|. 

@mm gWwy Peter Dodds McCormick vQsQn~ lQyn lq awr pY}m 

vrt g`yn` k@l~ 1878 sQd|nQ nEvrqWy. q#n~ @my ap@g~ j`wQk gWy@ 

v|. 

19 vn sQyvs agx`gy vn vQt ytw~ vQjQw ekt ek~ kQrWm s[h` 

uw~s`hyn~ @qkk~ @gn wQbQN. 1889 qW XW Ymw~ @hn~rQ p`r\k~s~ 

(Sir Henry Parkes) vQsQn~ Xk~wQmw~ j`wQyk~ @g`d n#gWmt k#[vWm| kr 

wQbQN. 1890 qW p#v#w~vR Australasian Federation Conference 

hQqW o|s~@tY |lQy`v @fd@r\;nyk~ kQrW@m| aqhs s`kc|C` @krQN. 

wrmk pYm`qykt psEv, @fd@r\;Ny sm|bn~{@yn~ wQbENE unn~qE@v| 

@v|gy 1893 qW v#dQvQy. mWlM p`r\lQ@m|n~wO sm|mEwQ@y~ s`m`jQkyn~ @w`~r` 

gn~n` lq~@q~ Cn~qq`ykyn~ vQsQnQ. Cn~qq`ykyn~ vQsQn~ jnmw vQc`rN 

@qkkqW a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`v pQLQg#nWmt Cn~qy p`vQc|cQ krn lqW. 

@fd@r\;Nyk~ vW@m| kQ Yy`vlQ@y~ pqnm mhjnw`v@g~ avX&w`vy mw 

a#wQvWm yn kr#N mw o|s~@tY |lQy`@v| pYgwXWlW bv nQr$pNy@v|. 

k#wrQn~ s~@pn~s~ (Catherine Spence) 

(1825 – 1910) 

k#wrQn~ s~@pn~s~ @l~KQk`vk~, 

@q~Xk@yk~, k`n~w`vn~@g~ kr#NE 

@vnE@vn~ ktyEwO kl a@yk~ sh 

k`n~w` Cn~q @vnE@vn~ ktyEwO 

kl a@ykQ. 

k#wrQn~ s~@pn~s~ o|s~@tY|lQy`vt 

sAkYmNy k@l~ 

s~@k`t|ln~w@y~ sQty. 

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE jWvQwy sh p`s#l~ 

@p`w~ sm|bn~{@yn~ a#y w&`g qQnR nvk}` lQy` a#w. 

nQ@vs~ n#wQ qr#vn~ ht upk`r kQrWmt sAvQ{`nyk~ pQhQtEvWmt a#y 

upk`r lb` qEn~ awr aUw~ b`lÀX pAwQvlt sh g#h#NE LmEn~ ht 

rj@y~ q~vWwWyQk p`s#l~ s[h`q a#y upk`r lb`@qn lqW. 

p`r\lQ@m|n~wO m#wQvrNykt iqQrQpw~vW @b`@h`~ Cn~q lb` gw~ pY}m 

k`n~w`v a#y vEvq, a#y@g~ a`sny qQn` g#nWmt a#y a@p`@h`sw~ 

vQy. 1891 qW Women’s Suffrage League of South 

Australia hQ up sx`pwQnQy vQy. 

sWm`k`rW s`{k wQ@bn k`lyk vEvq, k`n~w`vkt lb` gw h#kQ 

jygYhNyn~ nQr$pNy kQrWmt k#wrQn~ s~@pn~s~ sA@k~wykQ. 

1901 bQYs~@b|n~ hQ p#v#w~vR @fd@r\;N qQny 


o|s~@tY|lQy`v ht sQy rt p`lny kr gw h#kQ bvt bQYw`n& rjy 

ekMvR awr 1901 jnv`rQ 1 vn qQn sQd|nQ nEvr @sn~tQnQyl~ 

p`r\k~ hQqW vQX`l jnk`yk~ iqQrQ@y~ pY}m o|s~@t|lQy`nE rjy qQvEr#m| qEnQ. 

nQv| svEw~ @v|l~s~ hQ @fd@r\;Nyk~ s[h` mRlQkw~v@yn~ ktyEwO kl 

ed|mn~d| b`r\tn~ (Edmund Barton) nv j`wQ@y~ agY`m`w& vQy. 

o|s~@tY|lQy`v @m| vn vQt @vnm r`j&yk~ vEvq, wvqErtw~ bQYw`n& 

a`{Qpw&y yt@w~ sQtQn lqW. 1931 vn @wk~ a`r]`v sh vQ@q~X 

ktyEwO sm|bn~{ sm|pRr\N blwl @n`wQbQNQ. j`wQk h#MWm vr\{ny vW 

wQbENq, bQYw`n&yn~ vWm yn h#MWm wv qErtw~ Xk~wQmw~v p#vwQN. 

km|kr# p]y vr\{ny vWmw~ smMm, 1910 qW a@nkOw~ sQyUm p] 

lQbrl~ p]y h` ek~vQy. @mm p]y nm| kQhQpykQn~ h#[Qn~vWy. yEq~{ 

k`lyn~ awrwOr ey j`wQk p]y (Nationalist Party) vR awr 

psEv ey ek~sw~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE p]y (United Australia Party) vQy. 

1944 qW aq ap qn~n` lQbrl~ p]y pQhQtEvWy. km|kr# @n`vn p] 

kQhQpyk~ ekwOv @r`bt| @mn~sQs~ (Robert Menzies) vQsQn~ pvw~vn 

lq sm|mn~wYNykt psEv @my sQqEvQy. XWYmw~ @r`bt| @mn~sQs~ o|s~@ 

tY|lQy`@v| v#dQm k`lyk~ @s~vy kl agm#wQ bvt pw~vQy. 

pLmE @l`~k yEq~{yt psEv @g`vQyn~@g~ pYX~nvlt mEl~ w#n qWmt kn~tY| 

p]y (Country Party) pQhQtEvWy. q#nt n#;nl~s~ @lsQn~ h[En~vn 

@mm p]y s`m`n&@yn~ lQbrl~ p]y smM sn~{`ngwv ktyEwO 

kryQ. 

1901 sAkYmNy sWm` kQrW@m| pnw 

(The Immigration Restrictions Act 1901) 

1901 @qs#m|br\ m`s@y~ 1901 sAkYmNy sWm` kQrW@m| pnw sm|mw 

vW@mn~ psEv {vl o|s~@tY|lQy` (‘White Australia’) pYwQpw~wQy nWwQy 

vQy. @m| mgQn~ sAkYmNQkyn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| v#d kQrWm sWm` kl awr sEqE 

@n`vn (‘non-white’) ay o|s~@tY|lQy`vt sAkYmNy kQrWm sWm` 

@krQNQ. 

@q~Xp`ln p] bQhQvWm 

XWYmw~ ed|mn~d| b`r\tn~ 

1880 vn vQt, o|s~@tY|lQy`nE km|kr#vn~ Xk~wQmw~ v^w~wWy smQwQ 

pQhQtEv` wQbQNQ. a`r\}Qk avp`wn sh nQyA k`l v#nQ qE;~kr 

avs~}`vlqW ovEn~@g~ @v|wn sh rFkQy` ww~vyn~ a`r]` kr g#nWmt 

v#dvr\jn pvw~vn lqW. @s~vkyn~ psEv @q~Xp`lnyt pQvQsENQ. 1891 

qW, ovEn~ km|kr# p]y pQhQtEvn lqW. 

km|kr# p]@y~ mEl~m k`r\&y vR@y~ km|kr#vn~@g~ @v|wn sh @s~v` 

ww~vy n#vw qQn` g#nWmw~ qQyENE kr g#nWmw~y. m{&m pAwQkyn~ 

km|kr#vn~t vd` @h`[ jWvQw gw kl mEw~ km|kr#vn~@g~ ww~vy ovEn~ 

av@b`~{ kr@gn sQtQn lqW. @v|wn wWrNy kQrWmt sh v#d vr\jn 

v#L#k~vWmt nQl mN~dl pQhQtEvn lqW. 1907 qW sm`q`n sh @b|r#m| 

kQrWm s[h` @k`mn~@vl~w~ a{QkrNy (Commonwealth Court of 

Conciliation and Arbitration) mgQn~ km|kr#vkO, ohE@g~ bQrQ[ 

sh qr#vn~ wQ@q@nkO ht s#ksEr#vmQn~ jWvw~ vQy h#kQ a`k`ryt avm 

@v|wnyk~ nQym krn lqW. 

yE@r`~pWy @n`vn psEbQmk~ a#wQ o|n$m a@ykO yE@r`~pWy x`;`vkQn~ vcn 

50 k kQyvn vQt lQQvW@m| prW]Nykt (dictation test) iqQrQpw~ vQy 

yEwOy. Chinese Chamber of Commerce hQ s`m`jQk, a{QnWwWZ 

vQLQym| ah~ @kt| (William Ah Ket) a#wOU mEl~ @p@l~ cWn j`wQk 

v&`p`rQkyn~ mhjn vQ@r`~{w` p#v#w~vRvq, nWwQ@y~ @vns~ kQrWmk~ sQqE 

@n`vQN. 

cWn, in~qQy`nE, p#sQpQk~ qRpw~ v`sWn~ sh m#q @prqQg rtvlQn~ en 

sAkYmNQkyn~ @vnEvt qkONE yE@r`~p@yn~ en sAkYmNQkyn~ nv 

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE @fd@r\;Nyt p#mQNQyq, klQn~ kW ay@g~ sAs~k^wQk 

q`y`qyn~ @m| vn vQtw~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE ann&w`v@y~ @k`tsk~ vW wQbQN. 

pLmE @l`~k sAgY`my, 1914 - 1918 

a`qQv`sWn~ sh pqQAcQ vR ay awr a#wQvR kOd` prQm`N g#tEm| h#r#NE vQt 

o|s~@tY|lQy`v apRr\v @ls s`mk`mW rtk~ vQy. sQvQl~ yEq~{ @h`~ vQp~lv 

@n`wQbQN. pY}m@yn~ pqQAcQ vR ay bQYw`n& a{Qr`j&y @vw q#dQ 

p]p`wW bvk~ q#k~vWy. 

62 


@k@s~ vEvq, a`sQy`vt smWp yE@r`~pWy mEr@p`Lk~ vX@yn~ jp`ny mh` 

blv@wkO vW@mn~ anwOr#v o|s~@tY|lQy`vq anwOr#q`yk ww~vykt 

pw~vQy. o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| a`r]`v sm|bn~{@yn~ bQYw`n& a{Qr`j&y sh 

ehQ n`vQk bly @k@rhQ vQX~v`sy wb` wQbENQ. bQYw`n& a{Qr`j&y 

Xk~wQmw~v wb` g#nWmt sh apv a`r]` kr g#nWmt @l`~k sAgY`m 

@q@khQqWm apQ stn~ v#qE@nmE. 

jr\mn~ p`]Qk wOr\kQyt 1915 phr qWmw~ smMm o|s~@tY|lQy`nE 

@s`l~q`qEvn~ pLmE @l`~k sAgY`myt avwWr\N vQy. g#lQ@p`lQ 

ar\{q~vWp@y~ ek @k`tskt phr qWmt o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ sh nvsWln~w 

v`sWn~ ht x`r qW wQbQN. 

ovEn~v v#rqQ s~}`n@yn~ @g`dbQmt bs~sn lq awr wOr\kQ xt 

kN~d`ym| vQsQn~ @vdQ wbn awr gQrQ qEr\g n#gWmt sQqEvQy. @k@s~ @h`~ 

ovEn~ @mm gQrQ qEr\g n#g~gq @b`@h`~ wr#N ay mQy gQyh. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE 

sh nvsWln~w @s`l~q`qEvn~@g~ (Anzacs) k#pkQrWm sm|bn~{@yn~ 

o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ mhw~ @ls a`dm|bryt pw~vQy. 

g#lQ@p`lQ @vw @g`d b#sR qQny (apQY@yl~ 25) j`wQk nQv`dE qQnykQ. 

@my a#n~s#k~ qQny (Anzac Day) vn awr eyQn~ aqhs~ vn~@n~ 

Australian and New Zealand Army Corps yn~nyQ. 

g#lQ@p`lQ sQq~{Qyt psEv o|s~@tY |lQy`nE hmEq` pYAX@y~ bthQr @prmE@N~ stn~ 

krn lqW. ovEn~ ht ‘diggers’ yn n`my l#bE@n~ @mhQqWy. @myt @h~wOv 

@mhQqW @m`vEn~ vLvl~ h`rmQn~ sh e~v` sksmQn~ s$@hn k`lyk~ gw 

kQrWmyQ. aN@qn nQl{`rW @jnr`l~ @j`~n~ @m`n$;~@g~ (General John 

Monash) @m@hyvWm yt@w~, jr\mnQyt e@rhQv o|s~@tY |lQy`nE dQgr\vr#n~ 

vQsQn~ @X~ Y;~T jygYhN aw~kr gn~n` lqW. 

sRvs~ a#l a`r]` krg#nWm sh sQn`yQ ar\{q~vWpy ytw~ kr g#nWmt 

shx`gQ vW@mn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE hmEq` xtyn~ m#q @prqQgq @s~vy kr a#w. 

sQm|p~sn~ sh ohE@g~ bRr#v` - @j`~n~ sQm|p~sn~ 

kr\k~p#t|rQk~ 

(John Simpson 

Kirkpatrick) 

(1892 – 1915) 

@j`~n~ sQm|p~sn~ kr\k~p#t|rQk~ hmEq` 

xt@ykOvR awr o|s~@tY|lQy`nE 

vWr@ykQ. 

pYyQvt| @j`~n~ sQm|p~sn~ vX@yn~, 

ohE g#lQ@p`lQhQ gQln~r} @@vq& 

blk`@y~ @ldEn~ pYv`hny krn m#sQ rF@gn yn a@ykO (stretcher 

bearer) @ls @s~vy krn lqW. k[E sh nQm|n os~@s~ @mm gQln~ m#sQ 

rF@gn y`m qE;~kry. yEq~{ hmEq`@v| nQ@y`~gyn~t vQr#q~{v wOv`lvR 

@s`l~q`qEvn~ n#vw a`r]`k`rW s~}`nvlt rF@gn y`mt dfW (Duffy) 

nmQn~ h#[Qn~vR bRr#@vkO ohE vQsQn~ up@y`~gW kr gn~n` lqW. 

qQv` r`wQY, p#@yn~ p#y, stn~ xSmQ sh @vrL k[vEr# awr sQy jWvQw 

av{`nyt lk~ krmQn~ gmn~ klh. 

pYyQvt| @j`~n~ sQm|p~sn~ 1915 apQY@yl~ 25 vn qQn g#lQ@p`lQ @vw 

lM` vQy. mWt swQ hwrkt psE swOr# m#;Qn~ wOvk~kO pYh`ryn~@gn~ ohE 

mr#mEvt pw~vQy. mWt psEvw~ dfW (Duffy) wOv`lvR @s`l~q`qEvkO 

rF@gn sQy wr#N s~v`mQy` LM n#wQv klb@ln~ @vrL @qst 

p#mQNWm, @vrL k[vE@r\ sQt @s`l~q`qE@v`~ nQhVv qEk@s~ bl` sQtQyh. 

pLmE @l`~k sAgY`m@y~qW g#lQ@p`lQ ar\{q~vWpy 


a#n~s#k~ v^w~w`n~wy 

1915 apQY@yl~ 25 vn qQn o|s~@tY|lQy`nE sh nvsWln~w yE{ hmEq` blk`y (Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC)) 

wOr\kQ@y~ g#lQ@p`lQ ar\{q~vWpy @vw @g`d b#sR qQn@y~ a#n~s#k~ sm|pYq`y a#rBQNQ. 

@my m`s atk~ p#vwQ awr 8,700 @q@nk~ ht mrNy @h`~ wOv`l @h`~ @r`~g @h~wO@vn~ mrNy aw~vWm a#wOUv 25,000 @q@nk~ ht wOv`lvWm 

snQtEhn~ krn v&`p`ryk a`rm|xy vQy. g#lQ@p`lQ ar\{q~vWp@y~ @s~vy kl ay@g~ nQr\xWwkm sh @@{r\&y mgQn~ v^w`n~wyk~ a#wQvENE awr, 

a#n~s#k~ yn~n o|s~@tY|lQy`nE sh nvsWln~w x`;`@v| @k`tsk~ bvt pw~vQy. 

1916 qW, @g`d b#sW@m| pLmEvn sAvw~sry o|s~@tY|lQy`@v|, nvsWln~w@y~ sh eAgln~w@y~ @mn~m IjQp~wO@v| hmEq` xtyn~ vQsQn~q anEs~mrNy krn 

lqW. em vs@r\ apQY@l~ 25 vn qQn ‘Anzac Day’ @ls nm| krn lqW. 

1920 vn vQt a#n~s#k~ qQn s#mr#m| o|s~@tY|lQy`v pEr` p#v#w~vR awr pY`n~w mgQn~ a#n~s#k~ qQny rj@y~ pYsQq~{ nQv`dE qQnyk~ @ls pYk`Xyt pw~ 

krn lqW. agngrvl vQX`l yE{ s~m`rk w#nR awr o|s~@tY|lQy`v pEr` agngr sh ngrvl pQhQtEvn lq s~m`rk mgQn~ @mhQqW sh in~ psE g#tEm|vlQn~ 

mQygQy wr#N wr#NQyn~ sQhQpw~ @krQN. 

aq a#n~s#k~ qQny yEq~{, ar\bRq sh s`m hmEq`vl @s~vy kl ay ht pYN`m q#k~vWm s[h`vR qQnykQ. @my hmEq`my s#mrWmk~ @n`@v|. @myQn~ 

jygYhNyn~ ht pYN`my q#k~vWmk~ @n`kryQ. g#lQ@p`lQ ynE as`r\}k v&`y`mykQ. @myQn~ pYN`my qk~vn~@n~ vQpwkqW s`m`n& hmEq` @s~vk 

@s~vQk`vn~@g~ mQwYw~vy, qr` sQtW@m| h#kQy`v sh h`s&yyQ. aq a#n~s#k~ qQny o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| sh @l`v vt` anEs~mrNy kryQ. @qvn @l`~k sAgY`my 

sh a@nk~ g#tEm|vlQn~ n#vw p#mQNQ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE hmEq` @s~vk @s~vQk`vn~ @mn~m s`m hmEq`vl @s~vy kl ay sh mQwY rtvl yE{ @sbUn~ a#n~s#k~ 

qQn @pLp`lQvl a`dm|br@yn~ gmn~ kryQ. 

g#lQ@p`lQhQ a#n~s#k~ qQn aUym @q~v @m@hy 

64 


@XY~;~T avp`wy, 1929 - 1932 (The Great Depression, 1929 – 1932) 

@XY~;~T avp`wy o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| mQnQsEn~ ht awQmhw~ qE;~krw` wQbENE k`lykQ. @my nQv| @y`~r\k~ @k`ts~ @vL[@p`l bQ[ v#tWmw~ smM a#wQvR awr 

avp`wyt @vnw~ kr#NEq @h~wOvQy. @m|v` awr apnyn mQL gNn~ sh apnyn @vL[`@m| adEvWm, vQ@q~X Nyvl sh rj@y~ vQyqm| adEvWmw~, 

@g`dn#gWm| adE vWmw~ a#w. 1932 m#q x`g@y~qW, o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~@gn~ sQyyt 32 k~ pmNm rFkQy` ahQmQv sQtQyh. 

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE sm`jy @vw avp`w@y~ pYwQPl qr#NE pYwQvQp`k a#wQ krn 

lqW. v#d sh s~}Qr a`q`ymk~ @n`m#wQvWm nQs` @b`@h`~ ay ht sQy 

nQ@vs~ ahQmQ vQy. ovEn~ ht w`vk`lQkv s`qn lq v`ss~}`nvl uNEsEm| 

kQrWm| @h`~ snWp`r]`v n#wQv jWvw~ vWmt sQqEvQy. smhr pQyvr#n~ sQy 

pvEl~ awh#r gQy awr mw~ p#nt a#b|b#hQ vQy. v#d krn 

pAwQ@y~ pvEl~ vl LmEn~ vys avEr#qE 13 @h`~ 14 qW p`s#l~ h#r y`mt 

ptn~ gn~n` lqW. @b`@h`~ k`n~w`vn~ avm a`k`r@y~ rFkQy`vl nQrw vR 

awr sQy qr#vn~ sh nQ@vs~q e~ awrm bl` gn~n` lq.W 

avp`wy a`rm|x vWmt @pr o|s~@tY|lQy`v swOv m{&m vQrFkQy` v#d 

sthnk~ @n`wQbQNQ. pEN& a`ywn sh smhr pEq~glQk sAvQ{`n h#r#NE 

vQt, qEp~pw~ ay ht rFkQy` v&`p^wQ sh mhjn v#d v&`p^wQ mw 

y#pWmt sQqE vQy. 

1932 vn vQt a`r\}Qky v#dQqQyENE vWm a#rBENq, @b`@h`~ avs~}`vl 

pvEl~ ht sQqEvR al`x y}` ww~vyt pw~kl @n`h#kQ vQy. @XY~;~T 

avp`wy avs~}`@v| o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pEN& a`ywn sh s~@v|c|C` 

@s~vkyn~@g~ k`r\& x`ry av{`rNy vQy. 

@XY~;~T avp`wy k`l@y~ sEp~ s$qE mEUw#n~ @gyk~ 

XWYmw~ c`r\l~s kQAg~s~fr\d| s~mQw (Sir Charles Kingsford Smith)(1897 – 1935) 

XWYmw~ c`r\l~s~ kQAg~s~fr\d| s~mQw~ nQr\xWw gOvn~ nQymE@vk~, gOvn~ y`n` pE@r`~g`mQ@yk~ sh o|s~@tY|lQy`nE vWr@ykQ. 

pLmE @l`~k sAgY`m@y~qW, c`r\l~s~ kQAg~s~fr\d| s~mQw~ g#lQ@p`lQ hQ stn~ kl awr bQYw`n& r`jkWy pQy`sr 

@s~nÀk@y~ (Britain’s Royal Flying Corps) pQy`sr ktyEwOvl nQrw vQy. 

ohE@g~ @XY~;~Twm jygYhNy nm|, 1928 qW k#lQ@f`~nQy` sQt kOvWn~s~ln~wy qk~v` pY}m vrt p#sQpQk~ smEqYy 

wrNy kQrWmyQ. ohE@g~ gOvn~ y`ny vn Southern Cross avs`n vX@yn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`v @vw p#mQNQ vQt, 

ovEn~@g~ vWry`vR ‘Smithy’ ht jy@G`~;` kQrWmt ohEt a`qry krn ay 25,000 k~ pmN rFs~v sQtQyh. 

1932 qW ohE@gn~ gOvn~ @s~vyt vR @s~v`v @vnE@vn~ ohEt nyQt| pqvQyk~ lb` qENQ. 

1935 qW kNg`tEq`yk @ls eAgln~w@y~ sQt o|s~@tY|lQy`vt p#mQ@NmQn~ sQtQ gOvn~ gmnkqW y`n`v a`gQy awk~ 

@n`m#wQv ohEv kQsQ qQnk @s`y`gw @n`h#kQ vQy. 

XWYmw~ c`r\l~s~ kQAg~s~fr\d| s~mQw~ @l`v @XY~;~Twm gOvn~ n#vQy` @ls h[En~vn awr ohEv s~mrNy krn~@n~ avp`wy m`{&@y~ sw& o|s~@tY|lQy`nE 

vWr@ykO @qs b#lWmt mQnQsEn~ ht avs~}`v lb` qEn~ pEq~gl@ykO vX@ynQ. 


@qvn @l`~k sAgY`my, 1939 - 1945 

@qvn @l`~k sAgY`m@y~qW, uwOr# apQYk`@v| k`n~w`rvl sh @vnw~ 

@b`@h`~ s~}`nvl mQwY rtvl~ @vnE@vn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`v stn~ krn lqW. 

qkONE apQYk`@v| @t`b|rk~ ngr@y~ jr\mn~ sh iw`lQ j`wQkyn~ vQsQn~ 

krn lq qQgO v#tlWmkqW o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ stn~ krn lqW. swOrn~ vQsQn~ 

ovEn~v ‘Rats of Tobruk’ @ls h#[Qn~vR@y~ ovEn~v @k`n~kr wQbR 

awr @s`y`gw h#kQvR kOmn a`k`r@y~ @h`~ a`h`r ovEn~ vQsQn~ anExv 

kl yEwOvR b#vQnQ. o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ @mv#nQ qE;~kr ww~vyn~ yt@w~ stn~ 

kr jWvQw @b|r` gw~ awr @m| @h~wO@vn~ @mm nm ovEn~ htm ovEn~ 

vQsQn~ x`vQw` krn lqW. @mm v#tlWm mgQn~ @mm ay ht pLmEvn 

@l`~k sAgY`m@y~ stn~ kl @s`l~q`qEvn~ @mn~m stn~ kQrW@m| gONy wQbR 

bv @pn~vyQ. @mm @s`l~q`qEvn~ ht armEN @vnE@vn~ jWvw~vWmt @X~Y;~T 

sm|pYq`yk~ wQbR bv q#n sQtQyh. 

yEq~{y sm|bn~{@yn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~@g~ vd`w~m wWvEr mwk@y~ 

a#w~@w~ @mm ay ht jp`n j`wQkyn~ vQsQn~ krn lq k^^r s#lkQlQy. 

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE yE{ pE@r`~g`mWn~ nQl{`rWn~ sh @s`l~q`qEvn~ ovEn~ sm`n 

@ls slkmQn~ ovE@n`vEn~v bl` g#nWmt ovEn~t h#kQ uprQmy klq, 

@b`@h`~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ mQy gQyh. 

anEs~mrN qQny (Remembrance Day) 

a#n~s#k~ qQn uw~sv @mn~m, anEs~mrN qQnyq yE{ @s~vy kr mQygQy 

ayv sQhQpw~ krn qQnykQ. s$m vsrkm @n`v#m|br\ (11 vn m`sy) 

11 vn qQn @p.v. 11 t yEq~{ sh g#tEm|vlqW mQygQy @h`~ qEk~ vQ[Q 

@mn~m @s~vy kl hmEq` @s~vk @s~vQk`vn~ vQsQn~ krn lq k#p kQrWm| 

sQhQpw~ kQrWmt o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ m[kt nvwW. apQ @mm qQn@y~qW rwO 

@p`pQ mlk~ pLqQmE. 

jp`ny p#sQpQk~ kl`p@y~ ovEn~@g~ yEq~{y a#rBR psE, o|s~@tY|lQy`nE hmEq` 

@s~vk @s~vQk`vn~ ovEn~@g~ nQ@vs~vlt p#mQNQyh. ovEn~ n#vw nQ@vs~ 

kr` p#mQNWmt @pr, p#pEv` sh nQv| gQnQ a`r]` kQrWmt y`mt sQqEvQy. 

@mm brpwl k`r\&y x`rvR@y~ nQym @s`l~q`qEvn~ sh iw`m adE@vn~ 

pEhENEv lw~ b@ln~ hmEq`vt b[v` gw~ wr#N @s`l~q`qEvn~ @vwy. 

ovEn~ swOrn~ sh stn~ k@l~ @k`@k`~d` mAkd (Kokoda Track) 

@ls nm|kr a#wQ k#l$@v| wq b$vEm shQw md shQw adQp`rky. 

iqQrQyt p#mQ@Nn jp`n hmEq`v @mhQqW o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ vQsQn~ nwr 

krn lqW. @b`@h`~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ ht @k`@k`~d` mAkd, a#n~s#k~ 

@k`~v| @mn~m vn~qn` gmn~ yn w#nk~ bvt pw~v a#w. 

@k`@k`~d` mAk@dhQ p#pEv`nE v#sQ@ykO vQsQn~ upk`r krn wOv`lvR @s`l~q`qE@vk~ 

1942 qW sQAgp~pRr#@v| wQbENE @XY~;~T mRls~}`ny jpn~ j`wQkyn~ vQsQn~ 

al~l` gw~ vQt, o|s~@tY|lQy`y`nE hmEq` xtyn~ 15,000 k~ pmN al~l` 

gw~ awr w`yQ bEr#m qEm|rQy m`r\g@y~ v#dt @y`q` gn~n` lqW. @qvn 

@l`~k sAgY`m@y~qW jpn~ j`wQkyn~ yt@w~ w`yQ bEr#m qEm|rQy 

m`r\gy @g`d ngn k`l@y~qW qhs~ gNnQn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE sh bQYw`n& 

yE{ sQrkr#vn~ mQyyn lqW. 

rwO @p`pQ ml pLmE @l`~k sAgY`my avs`n@y~ sQtm sQhQpw~ kQrWm s[h` sA@k~wyk~ @ls 

x`vQw` kr a#w 

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`r]k hmEq`vn~ m$w k`l@y~qW Is~t| tQ@m`~r\, ir`k, 

sRd`n sh a#f~gnQs~}`n g#tEm|vlt sm|bn~{vW a#wQ awr apQYk`v, m#q 

@prqQg sh a`sQy` p#sQpQk~ kl`py a#wOU @l`~k@y~ @b`@h`~ pY@q~Xvl 

ek~sw~ j`wWn~@g~ s`m hmEq` @m@hyEm|vlt sm|bn~{vW a#w. 

66 


XWYmw~ ed|vr\d| vQyrQ dn~@l`p~ 

(Sir Edward ‘Weary’ Dunlop) 

(1907 – 1993) 

ovEn~ k[vEr#vl iw` @ktQ k`lyk~ sQtQ awr @mm rt sh @mhQ sQtQn 

mQnQsEn~ g#n ymk~ i@gn gn~n` lqW. yEq~{@yn~ psEv @b`@h`~ ay 

sAkYmNQkyn~ @ls o|s~@tY|lQy`vt n#vw p#mQNQyh. 

XWYmw~ ed|vr\d| vQyrQ dn~@l`p~ 

@@{r\& sm|pn~n sh qy` brQw 

Xl& @@vq&vr@yk~ sh 

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE yE{ vWr@ykQ. 

@qvn @l`~k sAgY`m@y~qW vQyrQ yE{ 

hmEq` Xl& @@vq&vr@ykO 

@ls ktyEwO k@l~y. ohE sh ohE 

smM sQtQ ayv jpn~ j`wQkyn~ 

vQsQn~ al~l` gn~n` lq awr w`yQ 

bEr#m qEm|rQy m`r\g@y~ v#d kQrWmt 

bEr#myt @gn yn lqW. @my iw` qQgO sh qE;~kr k`r\&ykQ. 

aN@qn nQl{`rW vX@yn~ vQyrQ sQy mQnQsEn~ @vnE@vn~ k}` kl awr 

Xl& @@vq&vry` vX@yn~ ovEn~v sEv kQrWm s[h` qQgO k`lyk~ gw 

krn lqW. k[vE@r\qW ohEv v{hQAs`vlt lk~ kl awr ohE@g~ 

akm#w~@wn~ vEvq qQgtm @s~vy kQrWmt sQqEvQy. 

1969 qW @@vq& vQq&`vt kl @s~vy @vnE@vn~ nyQt| pqvQyk~ pQrQnmn 

lqW. ohE mQygQy psE ‘The Surgeon of the Railway’ @ls 

h#[Qn~vR @mm vWry`@g~ r`j& avmgOl~ uw~svyt @ml\br\n~ vW}Qvl 

10,000 k~ pmN pQrQsk~ @pL g#sW sQtQyh. 

1990 mEl~ vsrvl sAkYmNy 

pLmE sh @qvn @l`~k sAgY`m awr k`l wOl, o|s~@tY|lQy`vt a#wOUvWm 

s[h` sWm`k`rW @k`n~@q~sQ p#vwQN. @k@s~vEvq, vQ@X~;@yn~ qkONE 

yE@r`~p@yn~ p#mQNQ pQrQmQ ay@g~ sAkYmN@y~ vr\{nyk~ wQbQN. ovEn~ 

smM ovEn~@g~ kOslw`vyn~, a{&`pny sh ovEn~@g~ sAs~k^wQk 

vtQn`km| rF@gn a`h. o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| gY`mWy kr\m`n~w sAvr\{nytw~, 

mh`m`r\g sh qEm|rQy m`r\g w#nWmtw~ ovEn~ vQsQn~ uqv| krn lqW. 

ap@g~ mhjn @g`dn#gQlQ sh nQv`s @g`dn#gWm sm|bn~{ kOslw` a#wQ 

iw`lQ gl~vdEvn~ s#lkQy yEwO q`ykw~vyk~ lb` qEnQ. 

1930 x`gy avs`n@y~, yE@r`~p@y~ sQt yE@qv| srN`gwyn~ p#mQNWm 

a#rBQNQ. ovEn~ jr\mnQ@y~ n`sQn~@g~ wr\jnvlQn~ p#nymQn~ sQtQyh. ovEn~ 

jr\mnQy, o|s~tQYy`v, @c@k`s~@l`@v|kQy`v, hn~grQ sh @p`~ln~wy yn 

rtvlQn~ p#mQNQyh. @b`@h`~ ay iw` ihl a{&`pnyk~ sh kOslw` 

a#wQ srN`gwyn~ vR awr o|s~@tY|lQy`nE sAs~k^wQk jWvQwyt vQX`l 

@s~vyk~ itE krn lqW. 

o|s~@tY|lQy`vt p#mQ@Nn yE@r`~pWy sAkYmNQk@yk~ 

yEq~{@yn~ psE srN`gwyn~ 

yEq~{yt psEv, o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| jnghNy v#dQ kQrWmt @vnw~ yE@r`~pWy 

rtvlQn~ sAkYmNQkyn~ @gn en lqW. mQnQsEn~ mQlQyn sAK&`vk~ n`sQ 

jr\mnQ@yn~ pl` gQy awr @s`~vQyt| r#sQy`v mgQn~ p`lny kl sQy 

rtt n#vw p#mQNWmt @n`h#kQ vQy. @mm avw#n~vR ay@gn~ 170,000 

k~ pmN nv jWvQw a#rBWm s[h` o|s~@tY|lQy`v vQsQn~ pQLQgn~n` lqW. 

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| q#dQ XYm hQMyk~q p#vwQN. r@thQ an`gwy s[h` 

jnghN vr\{ny aw&`vX& bvt o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rjy vQX~v`s krn lqW. 

vys 45 t adE @s_K&y sm|pn~n v#dQhQtQ sAkYmNQkyn~ ht 

o|s~@tY|lQy`vt £10 kt p#mQNQy h#kQv wQbR awr ovEn~@g~ qr#vn~ ht 

@n`mQ@L~ gmn~ kl h#kQ vQy. @k@s~vEvq ek~sw~ jnpqy sh yE@r`~py 

yn rtvl ay ht pmNk~ @mhQ p#mQNW@m| h#kQy`v wQbQN. 

o|s~@tY|lQy`v pEnr\jWvny kQrWmt 1949 qW p#h#qQlQ v#d sthnk~ 

a#rBQNQ. @m| mgQn~ s~@n`~vQ gAM`@v| jly bthQr vQk~@t`~rQy`@vn~ mEhEqt 

gl` y`mt @pr r[v` g#nWm sQqE @krQNQ. @mm jly v`rQm`r\g sh vQqElQ 

bly jnny kQrWm s[h` rt wOlt gl` y`mt s#l#s~vWy. 

@my awQ q$v#n~w v&`p^wQyk~ vn awr sm|pRr\N kQrWmt vsr 25 k~ 

gwvQy. @mm v^`p^wQ@y~ ktyEwO kl ay@gn~ sQyyt h#w~w$vk~ pmNm 

sAkYmNQkyn~y. 

@qvn @l`~k sAgỲ m@y~qW al~l` gw~ iw`lQ @s`l~q`qEvn~ qhhw~ qhsk~ 

o|s~@tY |lQy`@v| yE{ k[vEr#vl r[v` wbn lqW. ovEn~ ht @h`[Qn~ slkn 

lqW. 


s~@n`~vQ mvEn~tn~ jl vQqElQ @y`~jn` kYmy 

(Snowy Mountains Hydro-Electric Scheme) 

s~v`{Wn, bhEsAs~k^wQk sh sm|pw~ vlQn~ pQrQ rtk~ @ls o|s~@tY |lQy`@v| ann&w`vy whvEr# kQrWmt @mm s~@n`~vQ mvEn~tn~ v&`p^wQy v#qgw~ sA@k~wykQ. 

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| vQX`lwm iAjQ@n~r# v&`p^wQy @my@v|. @my @l`~k@y~ a#wQ awQ vQX`l jl vQqElQ v&`p^wQvlQn~ ekkQ. 

@mm v&`p^wQy mgQn~ spyn jly nQv| svEw~ @v|l~s~ sh vQk~@t`~rQy` hQ rt wOlt vn~nt a#wQ @g`vQpL kr\m`n~w sm|bn~{@yn~ iw` v#qgw~@v|. @mhQ 

jlvQqElQ bl`g`r mgQn~ nQv| svEw~ @v|l~s~ s[h` avX& vQqElQ bl@yn~ sQyyt 10 k~ pmN nQpqvyQ. 

@p`@L`vt ihlQn~ q#kQy h#k~@k~ s~@n`~vQ mvEn~tn~ v&`p^wQ@yn~ sQyyt 2 k~ pmNkQ. @myt pY{`n @v|l~ 16 k~, jl vQqElQbl`g`r 7 k~, jl @p`m|p 

m{&s~}`nyk~ sh kQ@l`~ mWtr\ 225 k~ qQg umA, nL m`r\g sh qQy mA a#wOlw~@v|. 

v&`p^wQ@y~ ktyEwO 1949 a#rBQ awr 1974 qW avsn~ krn lqW. rtvl~ 30 kt a{Qk pYm`NykQn~ 100,000 kt a{Qk mQnQsEn~ sAK&`vk~ 

v&`p^wQ@y~ ktyEwO krn lqW. @mm sAK&`@vn~ sQyyt h#w~w$vk~ pmN sAkYmNQkyn~y. v&`p^wQy avs`n vW@mn~ anwOr#v o|s~@tY|lQy`nE 

bhEsAs~k^wQk sm`jyt v#qgw~ q`ykw~vyk~ lb`@qmQn~ @b`@h`~ yE@r`~pWy @s~vkyn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| jWvw~vWmt n#vwQN. 

s~@n`~vQ mvEn~tn~ v&`p^wQy pQhQt` a#w~@w~ @k`sQyEs~@k`~ j`wQk v@n`~q&`n@y~y (Kosciuszko National Park). @mm v&`p^wQy mgQn~ prQsryt 

vn h`nQy iw` smWpv a{&yny krn lqW. v&`p^wQ@yn~ sQqEvR @qy nm|, smhr s~}`nvl s~@n`~vQ gAM`v mgQn~ klQn~ rF@gn gQy jl pYm`N@yn~ 

sQyyt 1 k~ pmNk~ q#nt rF@gn y`myQ. 

prQsr@y~ yhpw s[h` gAM`@v| pYv`hy sQyyt 28 qk~v` v#dQ kQrWmt vQk~@t`~rQy` sh nQv| svEw~ @v|l~s~ rjyn~ ekM vW a#w. 

s~@n`~vQ mvEn~tn~ v&`p^wQ@y~ v#d krn @s~vkyn~ 

68 


a`qQv`sWn~t s#lkS a`k`ry 

1940 sh 1950 k`l@y~ a`qQv`sWn~ sm|bn~{ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rj@y~ 

pYwQpw~wQy s~vWkrN (assimilation) pYwQpw~wQyk~ bvt pw~vQy. @myQn~ 

aqhs~ vn~@n~ a`qQv`sW @n`vn mQnQsEn~ jWvw~vn a`k`ryt jWvw~ vWmt 

a`qQv`sWn~ ht kQy` sQtWmyQ. a`qQv`sWn~ vQsQn~ sQy sm|pYq`yQk sAs~k^wQy 

ahQmQ kr g#nWmt ak#m#wQ vR b#vQn~ @my sQqE @n`vWy. 

1960 vsrvl @mm pYwQpw~wQy e~k`bq~{vW@m| (integration) 

pYwQpw~wQykt @vns~ vQy. 1850 vsrvl o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| @b`@h`~ mQnQsEn~ 

ht Cn~qy qW@m| ayQwQy l#bENq 1962 vn @wk~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE 

p`r\lQ@m|n~wO m#wQvrNvlqW Cn~qy qW@m| ayQwQy a`qQv`sWn~ ht 

@n`wQbQN. e~k`bq~{vWm smMQn~ a`qQv`sWn~ ht sQvQl~ ayQwQv`sQkm| lb` 

qEn~nq ovEn~ a`qQv`sW @n`vn o|s~@tY|lQy`nE sAs~k^wQyt hEr#vQy yEwO 

bvt a@p~]` krn lqW. 

jnsAgNn vlqW a`qQv`sWn~v gNn~ g#nQy yEwOy yn~n 

sm|bn~{@yn~ 1967 qW sQyyt 90 kt v#dQ o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ sAK&`vk~ 

Cn~qy lb` qEn~ vQt wvqErtw~ @vns~km| a#wQvQy. @mm jnmw 

vQc`rNy @ewQh`sQk sn~{Qs~}`nykQ. @myQn~ @pn~vR@y~ 

o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~@gn~ v#dQ bhEwry a`qQv`sWn~ sAgNnyt a#wOlw~ kr 

g#nWmt ekMvR awr a@nk~ sQyU @qn` h` sm`nvm ayQwQv`sQkm| lb` 

qWmt ekMvR bvyQ. 

@mm o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`kl~pvl vQv^wvWm sh evkt p#vwQ 

a`qQv`sWn~@g~ vQ@r`~{w`vy, 1970 vs@r\ a`qQv`sWn~ s[h` s~vyA wWrN 

g#nW@m| (self-determination) pYwQpw~wQykt @h~wOvQy. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE 

a`qQv`sWn~ ht ovEn~@g~ @q~Xp`ln, a`r\}Qk, s`m`jWy sh sAs~k^wQk 

sAvr\{ny sm|bn~{@yn~ hVk~ wQbQy yEwO bvt pQLQ g#nWmtw~ 

ekMvWmtw~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rjy k#mwQ vQy. 

sAkYmNy - kYm`nEkSl @vnsk~ 

1950 sh 1960 vsrvl {vl o|s~@tY|lQy` pYwQpw~wQy avsn~ krn 

@ls il~l` a`sQy`nE pYj`v, pl~lQ sh sm`j kN~d`ym| vQsQn~ vQ@r`~{w` 

qk~vn lqW. 

1958 qW o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rjy vQsQn~ kQyvn vQt lQvW@m| prW]Ny aw~h#r 

q#mR awr, 1966 qW @w`~r`gw~ yE@r`~pWy @n`vn sh kOslw` sAkYmNy 

s[h` @q`r vQv^w krn lqW. avs`n vX@yn~ s$m w#nm sQtQn 

o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ ap@g~ sAkYmN v#dsthnt sQyUm j`wWn~ a#wOlw~ 

kQrW@m| a#wQ vtQn`km pQLQgn~n` lqW. {vl o|s~@tY|lQy` pYwQpw~wQy 1973 

qW avsn~ kl awr, rt bhEsAs~k^wQk m`r\gyt avwWr\N vQy. 

@mm ay pY{`n vX@yn~ vQyt|n`m@yn~ p#mQNQ ay vEvq, cWn sh 

in~qQy`nE sAkYmNQkyn~q vQX`l sAK&`vlQn~ p#mQNWm a`rm|x vQy. 

1975 sQt o|s~@tY|lQy`v vQsQn~ @b`s~nQy` sh hr\s@g`~vQn`, sh m#q 

@prqQg awOU yEq~{@yn~ a#lUNE rtvlQn~ srN`gwyn~ pQLQgn~n` lqW. 

aq ap@g~ sAkYmNQkyn~ mEU @l`~k@yn~m p#mQ@N~. 

o|s~@tY|lQy`v mEU @l`~k@y~m xSmQyvW a#w. o|s~@tY|lQy`v nRwn @l`~k@y~ 

@XY~;~Twm s`r\}k rtvlQn~ ekkQ. 1945 sQt mQlQyn 6.5 k~ mQnQsEn~ 

sAK&`vk~ o|s~@tY|lQy`vt p#mQN a#w. hw@rn~ ekkt v#dQ pYm`Nyk~ 

o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ ipQq a#w~@w~ vQ@q~Xvly. 

sAkYmNQkyn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`vt p#mQNWm @w`~r`@gn a#wQ awr ap@g~ @p`qE 

vtQn`km| @bq` hq` gnW. 

sm`jgwvWm (Inclusion) 

o|s~@tY|lQy`v q#n~ bhE sAs~k^wQk sm`jyk~ vn awr s$m a@ykO htm 

nWwQ@y~ r`mEv wOl sQt sQy vQX~v`syn~ a#qhWmtw~, em vQX~v`syn~ ht 

gr# kQrWmtw~, e~v` a`r]` kr qWmtw~ b#[W sQtW. 

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| aq sm`jgwvWm yn skWYy pYwQpw~wQy pQLQ@gn a#wQ awr 

@myQn~ aqhs~ vn~@n~ s$m j`wQyktm ayw~ s$m pEq~gl@ykOm 

sm`j@y~ @k`tsk~ vX@yn~ pQLQ gn~n` bvyQ. @mm pYwQpw~wQy 

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE sAs~k^wQ@y~ s$m aAgyk~ pEr`m v&`p~w@v|. @my b`l Lm` 

vQ@y~ sQt vQX~v vQq&`ly qk~v`m a{&`pn vQ;y m`l`@v| @k`tsk~ vn 

awr rFkQy` s~}`nvl sh @s~v` kr\m`n~w@y~q pQLQgnW. 

s$m pEq~gl@ykOtm sm`n @ls sh @vnskt lk~ kQrWmkQn~ @w`rv 

s#lkQlQ l#bWmt a#wQ ayQwQy o|s~@tY |lQy`nE m`nv hQmQkm| @k`mQsm 

(Australian Human Rights Commission) sh s$m pỲ n~wykm 

sh sn~wk pY@q~Xykm a#wQ rj@y~ @vns~km| kQrWmt e@rhQv a#wQ 

a`ywn mgQn~ a`r]` kr@q~. v`r\gQk vX@yn~ @vnskt lk~ kQrWm 

pYsQq~{Q@y~ @q`~; qr\Xnyt lk~ krn awr nWwQy iqQrQ@y~ @my vrqk~q@v|. 

sm`q`ny sh pQLQg#nWm sm|bn~{@yn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`v bhE sAs~k^wQk 

sm`jyk~ bvt pw~vW a#w. @mm rt sAkYmNQkyn~, a`qQv`sWn~ sh 

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| upn~ a@nk~ ay ht s`mk`mW @ls wm armENE s`]`w~ 

kr gw h#kQ rtkQ. @my p#rNQ mw@x~qyn~ sh amn`pyn~ amwk kr 

q#mQy h#kQ s~}`nykQ. 

1973 qW sAkYmNy vWmt avX& sQyUm v`r\gQk sEqEsEkm| o|s~@tY|lQy`nE 

rjy vQsQn~ ivw~ krn lqW. 1975 vQyt|n`m yEq~{yt psEv, v`r\w`gw 

sAK&`vk~ a`sQy`nE srN`gwyn~ sh sAkYmNQkyn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`v mgQn~ 

pQLQgn~n` lqW. 


@@vq& vQk~tr\ c$n~g~ (Dr Victor Chang) (1936 – 1991) 

@@vq& vQk~tr\ c$n~g~ o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| sQt @h`[m h^q Xl& @@vq&vr@ykQ. 

vQk~tr\ pWtr\ c$n~g~ y$m| hQm| 1936 cWn@y~ upw lq awr ohEt vys 15 vn vQt o|s~@tY|lQy`vt p#mQ@Nn lqW. 

sQd|nQ nEvr @sn~t| vQn~sn~t| @r`~h@l~ (St. Vincent’s Hospital) ohE @s~vy kl awr 1984 qW ohE pY}m 

h^q bq~{ krn m{&s~}`ny pQhQtEvn lqW. 1986 qW vQk~tr\ c$n~g~ ht o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| ihlm pYq`ny vn or\dr\ 

of~ o|s~@tY|lQy` pYq`ny lb` @qn lqW. 

h^qy vs~wO pYq`ny krn ay@g~ sAK&`v sm|bn~{@yn~ ohE kNs~sl~@ln~ sQtQ awr ohE em nQs` k^wQm h^qy 

vs~wOvk~ s#lsEm| kQrW@m| nQrwv sQtQn lqW. av`sn`vn~w @ls ohEv 1991 qQn mrNyt pw~ krn vQt @mm 

ktyEw~w @b`@h`~ qErt avsn~ kr wQbQNQ. 

ohEv anEs~mrNy kQrWm s[h` nv pr\@y~;N m{&s~}`nyk~ pQhQtEvn lqW. ohEv aq anEs~mrNy krn~@n~ ohE@g~ 

pYvWNw~vy, XOxv`qWbv sh nv&x`vy @h~wO@vnQ. 

a#l~br\t| nm|jQr` (Albert Namatjira) 

(1902 – 1959) 

a#l~br\t| nmjWr` o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| 

sQtQn @XY~;~Twm cQwY XQl~pQ@ykO 

vn awr aqtw~ pvw~v`@gn 

yn cQwY p`s#lk~ (school of 

painting) ohE cQsQn~ a`rm|x 

krn lqW. 

wr#N a#rn~t| j`wQk@yk~ 

(Arrernte) vX@yn~ cQwY 

kl`v sm|bn~{@yn~ s~v`x`vQk 

q]w`vyk~ @pn~vWy. 

ohEt iw` sWmQw pEhENEvk~ wQbENq o|s~@tY|lQy`nE gm|bq pY@q~X sm|bn~{ 

ohE@g~ qQy s`ym| sQwOvm| iw`m jnpYQyvR awr sQyl~l iw` ik~mNQn~ 

a@lvQ vQy. 

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| mEl~ vrt pErv#sQx`vy lb` g#nWmt id lb`qEn~ 

pY}m a`qQv`sWn~ vn~@n~ @m`hE sh @m`hE@g~ bQrQ[y. @myQn~ aqhs~ 

vR@y~ ovEn~ ht Cn~qy p`vQc|cQ kQrWm, @h`~tl~vlt a#wOUvWm sh avX& 

s~}`nyk nQ@vsk~ s`q` g#nWm a`qQy kl h#kQ vQy. a#l~br\t|@g~ 

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQx`v@yn~ p#h#qQlQv @pnE@n~ a@nkOw~ a`qQv`sWn~ ht 

@mm ayQwQv`sQkm| @n`wQbR bvyQ. 

ohE@g~ jWvQwy mgQn~ a`qQv`sW @n`vn o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ ht j`wQv`qW 

nWwQvl a#wQ as`{`rNy @pn~vR awr a`qQv`sWn~@g~ @vns~km| s[h` 

q`ykw~vy lb` @qn lqW. 

edW m`@b`~ (Eddie Mabo) 

(1936 – 1992) 

edW m`@b`~ a`qQv`sW idm| aywWn~ 

sm|bn~{@yn~ kQYy`k`rQ@ykO sh 

k}` krn~@nkO vQy. 

edW @k`yQkQ m`@b` (Eddie 

Koiki Mabo), m`@b` 

@g`~wYQkyn~@g~ sm|pYq`yQk bQm| vn 

m@r\ qRp@w~ (Murray Island) 

upw l#bWy. kOd` kl sQtm, sQy 

pvElt ayw~ bQ@mhQ m`yQm| vn~@n~ 

kOmn gs~q kOmn gl~q ynE@vn~ 

@h`[Qn~ i@gn @gn wQbQNQ. 

@mm idm| ohE@g~ pvElt ayw~ @n`vn bvw~ e~v` rj@y~ idm| bvw~ 

ohEt q#n gn~nt l#bE@N~ @b`@h`~m k`lykt psEvy. ohE@g~ wrh`v 

kQYy`vt n#AvR awr m@r\ qEpw~ (Murray Island) v`sWn~ @vnE@vn~ 

ohE a{QkrNy iqQrQyt yn lqW. 

vsr kQhQpykt psEv edW@g~ ndEv @XY~;~T`{QkrN@y~qW (High Court) 

1992 qW jygYhNy krn lqW. m`@b`~ wWrNy mgQn~ kQy` sQtQ@y~ a`qQv`sW 

mQnQsEn~ @g~ idm| sm|bn~{@yn~ ovEn~ ht @ewQh`sQk sh qQgtm pvwQn 

s`m|pYq`yQk sm|bn~{w`vyk~ a#wQ bvt s`]Q a#wQ avs~}`vl sh 

@vnw~ a`k`rykQn~ an~ a@ykO ayQwQv`sQkm| kQy` n#wQ avs~}`vk 

a`qQv`sWn~ ht @mm idm| sm|bn~{@yn~ ayQwQv`sQkm| kQv h#kQ bvyQ. 

edW m`@b`~v aq sQhQpw~ krn~@n~ ohE@g~ a#wQ apYwQhw @@{r\&y sh 

a`qQv`sW o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ ht idm| ayQwQy lb`qWm sm|bn~{@yn~y. 

70 


a`qQv`sW mQnQsEn~ - qsvs~ @qkk @vns 

a`qQv`sWn~@g~ idm| sm|bn~{ vQ@r`~{y p$m mhjn unn~qEvt lk~vR@y~ 

1960 vsrvl @n`qr\n~ @trQtrQ hQ @v|v| hQl~ gv g`@l~ (Wave Hill 

cattle station) sQqEvR gOrQn~jQ v#d vr\jny (Gurindji Strike) 

@h~wO@vnQ. vQn~sn~t| lQn~gQy`rQ (Vincent Lingiari) @g~ @m@hyvWm 

yt@w~ a`qQv`sW gv p`lkyn~ vQsQn~ gv g`@l~ r`jk`rW ktyEwOvlQn~ 

ivw~ yn lqW. ovEn~@g~ vQ@r`~{w`vy @v|wn sh rFkQy` ww~vy 

sm|bn~{@yn~ vEvq, psEv idm| ayQwQy il~l` sQtWmk~ bvt pw~vQy. 

@mm kQYy`vlQy, edW m`@b`~ sh a@nkOw~ ayt a`qQv`sW idm| ayQwQy 

il~l` sQtWmt mM p`qn lqW. 

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE ann&w`vy @vnE@vn~ a`qQv`sWn~ vQsQn~ krn lq agn` 

@m@hy aq pQLQgn~n` awr smryQ. a{QkrN kYmy, @q~Xp`lny, kl` 

sh kWYd` a#wOU o|s~@tY|lQy`nE XYm blk`y pEr` a`qQv`sW sh @t`~rs~ s~@tY|t| 

qRpw~v`sWn~ n`ykw~v wnwOr# qryQ. a`qQv`sWn~ vQsQn~ @s`y`gw~ dQjQtl~ 

a`k`ryt pN g#n~vR (digital animation) MARVIN v#d sthn, 

w&`g @b`@h`~myk~ qQn` a#wQ awr @l`v pEr` rtvl~ vQs~skt a{Qk 

pYm`Nyk a{&`pnQk sh v&`p`r a`ywn mgQn~ up@y`~gW kr g#@n~. 

1976 a`qQv`sW idm| ayQwWn~ (@n`qr\n~ @trQtrQ) pnw (Aboriginal 

Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976) yt@w~ 

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| qErb#h#r pY@q~Xvl idm| vQX`l vX@yn~ a`qWv`sWn~ ht 

lb`qENQ. @XY~;~T`{QkrNy mgQn~ lb` qEn~ m`@b`~ wWrNy sh 1993 

@q~XWy hQmQkm| pnw (Native Title Act 1993) yt@w~ sQy 

sm|pYq`yQk nWwQ sh c`rQwY anEv a`qQv`sWn~ ht idm| sm|bn~{@yn~ 

hQmQkmk~ p#vwQN. o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| mEU idm| pYm`N@yn~ sQyyt 10 k~ 

pmN q#nt @q~XWy hQmQkm| wWrN (native title determinations) 

mgQn~ a`vrNy@v|. @m| mgQn~, s`m|pYq`yQk sm`j@y~ wQbENE aAg aqtw~ 

a`r]`@v|. a`qQv`sW sAs~k^wQy wvqErtw~ v#j@Bn awr pEUl~ pYj`v 

vQsQn~ @my agy @k@r\. 

1997 qW ovEn~v n#vw @gqr @gn e~m (‘Bringing them home’) 

n#m#wQ v`r\w`v o|s~@tY|lQy`nE p`r\lQ@m|n~wO@v| sx` gw vQy. @mm 

v`r\w`@v| a#w~@w~ vQX`l sAK&`w a`qQv`sW sh @t`~rs~ s~@tY|t| qRpw~vsW 

LmEn~ sQy pvEl~vlQn~ ivw~ kQrWm sm|bn~{v krn lq vQmsEmk 

pYwQPl@v|. @mm qr#vn~ @s`r` gnE l#bR prm|pr` (‘Stolen 

Generations’) @ls h[En~vn lqW. @mm v`r\w`@v| pYwQPlyk~ 

vX@yn~ 1998 vs@r\ pY}m j`wQk sm`v g#nW@m| qQn@y~qW (‘Sorry 

Day’) qhs~ gNn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ sQy a`qQv`sW o|s~@tY|lQy`nE sh^qyn~ 

ht @pLp`lQvl ek~v gmn~ kQrWm mgQn~ sQy sh@y`~gy qk~vn lqW. 

@s`r`gw~ prm|p`r`@vn~ sm`v g#nWm, 2008 

2008 @pbrv`rQ 13 vn qQn, o|s~@tY |lQy`nE agỲ m`w&vry` vQsQn~ 

o|s~@tY |lQy`nE p`r\lQ@m|n~wO@v|qW @s`r`gw~ prm|pr`vn~@gn~ j`wQk vX@yn~ 

sm`v il~lWmk~ sQqE krn lqW. ohE sQyUm o|s~@tY |lQy`nEvn~ @vnE@vn~ k}` 

krn lqW. awWw@y~qW a`qQv`sW o|s~@tY |lQy`nEvn~ ht slkn lq a`k`ry 

sm|bn~{@yn~ sm`v il~l` sQtQn lqW. a`qQv`sWn~@g~ LmEn~v sQy 

@qm`pQyn~@gn~ @vn~kr wQbR a`k`ry sm|bn~{@yn~ ohE vQ@X~;@yn~ sm`v 

il~l` sQtQ Qn lqW. 

agY`m`w&vry`@g~ k}`v r$pv`hQNQy sh gOvn~ vQqElQy os~@s~ vQsEr#v` 

hrQn lqW. @mm sm`v g#nW@m| k}`vt svn~ qWmt qhs~ gNnQn~ 

o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ @p`qE s~}`nvlt sh sQy r`jk`rW s~}`nvlt rFs~vRh. 

@q~Xn@y~qW, awWw@y~qW sQqEvR as`{`rNkm| l#yQs~wO gw kr ovEn~@gn~ 

sm`v ay#q sQtQn lqW. a`qQv`sWn~@g~ sQw~ swn~ sEv kQrWm s[h` @my 

v#qgw~ pQyvrk~ vR awr @mv#nQ as`{`rNkm| n#vw sQqE @n`vn bvt 

vg bl` g#nWmq sQqE@v|. sm`v g#nW@m| k}`v sQyU o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ 

s[h` v#qgw~ iqQrQ pQyvrkQ. 

sQd|nQ nEvrt ihlQn~ ‘’Sorry’ ynE@vn~ gOv@n~ lQyn a@ykO lQyyQ 

avs`n nQgmny 

@mm pQtE mgQn~ ap@g~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE v^w~w`n~wy sm|bn~{@yn~ iw` 

@ktQ h#[Qn~vWmk~ lb`qENQ. @m| mgQn~ ob@g~ prQsry sm|bn~{ 

ob@g~ q#nWm vQvr kl bvt obt q#@nnE a#w. ob vt` a#wQ p#rNQ 

@g`dn#gQlQvl a#wQ qQn vkv`nE @qs b#lWm a#rBQy h#kQ awr e~v` 

@ewQh`sQk pqnmkQn~ @g`nE kQrWm kl h#kQy. @n`v#m|br\ 11 vn qQn 

ob ht @p`pQ mlk~ lb` qEn~ vQt, ap@g~ mQygQy hmEq` @s~vkyn~ sQhQ 

kQrWm sm|bn~{@yn~ vn bv obt sQhQpw~ vnE a#w. ob ht a`qQv`sW 

o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ hmEvR vQt, ovEn~v p`lny krn p#rNQ sAs~k^wQy 

sm|bn~{ h#MWmk~ obt l#@bnE a#w. pL`@w~ a#wQ sm|pw~ sh r@thQ 

@n`@yk~ s~}`nvlt y`m mgQn~ ob@g~ q#nEm vr\{ny kr gn~n` @ls 

apQ ob@gn~ il~l` sQtQmE. ob@g~ q#nWm v#dQ vn wrmt ob@g~ q#kWm 

v#dQvnE a#w. 

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ@ykO @ls apQ obv s`qr@yn~ pQLQgnE lbn awr 

ap@g~ s`mk`mW pYj`wn~wYv`qW r@thQ ktyEwOvlt pRr\N @ls shx`gQ 

vn @lsq apQ ob@gn~ il~l` sQtQmE. 


vQx`g @n`krn @k`ts sm|bn~{ p`rx`;Qwy 

w`n`pwQ 

rtk~ @h`~ ym| kQYy`k`rkmk~ nQ@y`~jny krn @h`~ pYvr\{ny krn ay 

mN~dly 

wWrN g#nWm s[h` @w`~r` pw~krgw~ mQnQsEn~ kN~d`ymk~, uq`hrNyk~ vX@yn~ sm`gmk~ pvw~v` gw yEwO a`k`ry sm|bn~{@yn~ 

@n~v`sQk XQ;&yn~ sQtQn p`s#l 

XQ;&yn~ p`s#@l~ jWvw~vn awr mEU p`s#l~ k`ly wOlm nQ@vs~vlt @n`yyQ 

k#l$ @p@qs~ (bush) 

s`m`n& a`k`ryt wQ@bn o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| k#l$ shQw gm|bq @p@qs~ 

gv g`l (cattle station) 

mÀX nQ;~p`qny s[h` gvyn~ a#wQkrn vQX`l @g`vQpl 

pYZ`p~wQy (charter) 

ayQwQv`sQkm| sh vgkWm| sthn~ kr a#wQ lQKQw pYk`Xnyk~ 

@g`~wYy (clan) 

ekm bQm| pY@q~Xyk jWvw~vn @l~ n$km @h`~ vQv`hy mgQn~ n$km| kQyn mQnQsEn~ kN~d`ymk~ 

@p`qE b#[Wm 

ek h` sm`n unn~qEvk~ a#wQ @]~wYyk~ 

b@ln~ hmEq`vt b[v`gw~ @s`l~q`qEv` (conscript soldier) 

a`r]k hmEq`vt k#m#w~@wn~ @n`gQy e@hw~ yEq~{y @h~wO@vn~ b#[Wmt sQqEvENE @s`l~q`qEv` 

rj@y~ idm| (Crown land) 

rjyt ayw~ idm| 

vQ;y m`l`v 

a{&`pn p`Tm`l`v 

{nhWn 

mEql~ @h`~ mEql~ l#@bn a`k`ryk~ n#wQ 

dQd|@grQdR (didgeridoo) 

a#wOU p#w~w hQs~ qQg @k`tyk~ upk`r@yn~ w#nR a`qQv`sW o|s~@tY|lQy`nE jnw`v@g~ sAgWw x`N~dyk~ 

k`htw~ s`{`rNvWm (fair go) 

s$m a@ykOtm @h`[Qn~ sQtWmt s`{`rN @h`~ sm`n avs~}` lb`qWm 

s`{`rN @ls ek~v ktyEwO kQrWm (fair play) 

s$m @qn`@g~m yhpwt nWwQ pQLQp#q, @h`[Qn~ kN~d`ymk~ @ls ktyEwO kr kN~d`ym| ktyEw~wk @h`[Qn~ shx`gQvWm 

hmEq` @s~v@y~qW mQygQy ay (fallen service men and women) 

yEq~{ykqW mQygQy hmEq` @s`l~q`qEvn~ 

h#d wlnv` (forge) 

w#nWm @h`~ nQr\m`Ny kQrWm 

qL @q~XWy nQX~p`qny 

rtk vsrk~ a#wOlw a#wQ s`qn lq x`N~d sh @s~v`vl vtQn`km 

gWY;~m rL (heatwave) 

ek qQgt qQn @qkkt vd` pvwQn a{Qk uNEsEm| @q~XgONy 

r`j`@qY`~hWkm (high treason) 

rjy @prl` q#mWmt uw~s`h kQrWm sm|bn~{@yn~ sQqEkrn brpwl apr`{ vrq 

72 


pYwQmRr\wQmw~ a`qQv`sW sQwOvm| 

a`qQv`sWn~@g~ aq~vWwWy sh ovEn~ nQ@y`~jny krn kl`v 

bQm| @k`ts 

idm| @k`tsk~ 

sn~{Qs~}`nyk~ 

iwQh`s@y~ v#qgw~ sQqEvWmk~ 

jn~m hQmQkm (native title) 

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE nWwQ kYmy wOl wWrNy krn lq a`qQv`sWn~ ht xSmQyt sh jlyt a#wQ ayQwQy 

v`g~ iwQh`sy 

awWw@y~ sQqEvR @q~ sm|bn~{v mQnQsEn~@g~ mwk@yn~ pvsn@q~ 

pE@r`~g`mQy` 

mEl~ pqQAcQkr#vn~, ytw~ vQjQw jn`v`svl mEl~ k`l@y~ sQtQ ay 

@q~Xp`ln nQ@y`~jny 

p`r\lQ@m|n~wOv wOl @q~Xp`l`Z@ykO vQsQn~ nQ@y`~jny kQrWm 

sAcQwy 

rjy mgQn~ a`qQv`sWn~ ht jWvw~vWmt @vn~ krn lq bQm| @k`tsk~ 

qVEvm 

apr`{kr#vkO qVEvmk~ vX@yn~ gw krn k`ly 

@v|wn nQym kQrWm 

sQy r`jk`rW sm|bn~{@yn~ mQnQsEn~ ht @gvQy yEwO v#tEp wWrNy kQrWm 

sm`j pYwQsAs~krNy 

vQp~lvyk~ @n`m#wQv kYm`nEkSlv sm`jy wOl qQyENE kQrWm| sQqE kQrWm 

r`j& avmAgl&y 

j`wQyt v#qgw~ q`ykw~vyk~ sQqEkl pErv#sQ@ykOt gr# kQrWmt rjy mgQn~ sQqEkrn avmAgl&y 

qVEv#t 

kNE sh rQtQ upk`r@yn~ w#NEnE a`r]k @k`tEv 

gv p`lkyn~ 

gvyn~ bl` g#nWmt pw~krn pEq~glyn~ 

v#d vr\jny 

@s~vkyn~ v#d n#v#w~vWm, uq`hrN vX@yn~ @s~v`@y`~jykO@g~ wWrNyt e@rhQv krn vQ@r`~{y 

sr\vjn Cn~qbly 

mhjn m#wQvrNvlqW Cn~qy p`vQc|cQ kQrW@m| ayQwQy 

qQvEr#m| qWm 

vQ{Qmw~ uw~svykqW nQl wnwOrk~ x`rg#nWm 

sx`gw kQrWm 

p`r\lQ@m|n~wO@v| s`kc|C` kQrWmt @h`~ anEm#wQyt nQl vX@yn~ iqQrQpw~ kQrWm, uq`hrN vX@yn~, v`r\w`vk~ sx`gw kQrWm 

sm`j ww~vy (walk of life) 

sm`j pAwQy @h`~ psEbQm, rFkQy`v, wnwOr 

vQx`g @n`krn @k`ts sm|bn~{ p`rx`;Qwy 73

v#dQ vQs~wr s[h` 

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQx`vy 

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQx`vy lb` g#nWm sm|bn~{v v#dQ vQs~wr lb` g#nWm s[h`, o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQx`vy sm|bn~{ @vb| aVvQy vn 

www.citizenship.gov.au @vw yn~n. 

o|s~@tY|lQy`v 

ob@g~ pL`@w~ pEs~wk`l@yn~ obt o|s~@t|YlQy`v sm|bn~{ v#dQ vQs~wr lb`gw h#k. phw @vb| aVvQ mgQn~q v#dQqEr vQs~wr lb` gw h#k: 

• o|s~@tY|lQy`v sm|bn~{v @ktQ@yn~ 

• sAs~k^wQk sh vQ@n`~q`w~mk kQYy` q~v`ry 

(Culture and Recreation Portal) 

www.dfat.gov.au/aib 

www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au 

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rj@y~ v#dsthn~ sh @s~v` 

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rj@y~ v#dsthn~ sh @s~v` sm|bn~{ vQs~wr www.australia.gov.au @vb| aVvQ@yn~ lb`gw h#k. 

@fdrl~ p`r\lQ@m|n~wO mn~wWY @h`~ @s@nt| sxQk 

ob@g~ pL`@w~ @fdrl~ p`r\lQ@m|n~wO mn~wWY @h`~ @s@nt| sxQk swOv o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rj@y~ v#dsthn~ sh @s~v` sm|bn~{ vQs~wr @b`@h`~myk~ a#w. 

p`r\lQ@m|n~wO mn~wWYn~ sh @s@nt| sxQkyn~ shQw l#yQs~wOvk~ www.aph.gov.au @vb| aVvQ@yn~ lb` gw h#k. 

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rj@y~ sAvQ{`n 

@mm @p`@whQ qk~v` a#wQ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rj@y~ sAvQ{`n sm|bn~{ v#dQ vQs~wr phw @vb| aVvQ mgQn~ lb`gw h#k: 

• Australian Defence Force 

• Australian Electoral Commission 

• Australian Federal Police 

• o|s~@tY|lQy`nE mnv hQmQkm| @k`mQsm 

(Australian Human Rights Commission) 

• o|s~@tY|lQy`nE kWYd` @k`mQsm 

(Australian Sports Commission) 

• o|s~@tY|lQy`nE bqE k`r\&`ly 

(Australian Taxation Office) 

• o|s~@tY|lQy`nE yEq~{ s~m`rky 

(Australian War Memorial) 

• o|s~@tY|lQy`nE mh b#AkOv 

(Reserve Bank of Australia) 

www.defence.gov.au 

www.aec.gov.au 

www.afp.gov.au 

www.humanrights.gov.au 

www.ausport.gov.au 

www.ato.gov.au 

www.awm.gov.au 

www.rba.gov.au 

74 


`j& @n`vn sAvQ{`n 

@mm @p`@whQ qk~v` a#wQ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE r`j& @n`vn sAvQ{`n sm|bn~{ v#dQ vQs~wr phw @vb| aVvQ mgQn~ lb`gw h#k: 

• o|s~@tY|lQy`nE bY#d|mn~ pqnm 

(Bradman Foundation Australia) 

• h#m|lQn~ fQs~tQyEl` in~tr\n#;nl~ 

(Hamlin Fistula International) 

• o|s~@tY|lQy`nE r`jkWy pQy`sr @@vq& @s~v`v 

(Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia) 

• gOvn~ p`sl 

(School of the Air) 

• s~@n`~vQ mvEn~tn~ jl vQqElQ a{Qk`rQy 

(Snowy Mountains Hydro-Electric Authority) 

• @fYd| @h`@l`~s~ pqnm 

(The Fred Hollows Foundation) 

• yE@ns~@k`~ jgw~ ur#m m{&s~}`ny 

(UNESCO World Heritage Centre) 

• ek~sw~ j`wWn~ 

(United Nations) 

• vQk~tr\ c#n~g~ h^w~ pr\@y~;N a`ywny 

(Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute) 

• o|s~@tY|lQy` @s~@v|c|C` @s~vy 

(Volunteering Australia) 

www.bradman.com.au 

www.fistulatrust.org 

www.flyingdoctor.net 

www.schoolair-p.schools.nsw.edu.au 

www.snowyhydro.com.au 

www.hollows.org.au 

whc.unesco.org 

www.un.org 

www.victorchang.edu.au 

www.volunteeringaustralia.org 

@vnw~ 

phw m`w^k` sm|bn~{ v#dQ vQs~wr s[h` phw q#k~@vn @vb| aVvQ @vw yn~n: 

• o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`v 

• vs@r\ @h`[m o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pYq`ny 

• ovEn~ n#vw nQ@vs kr` @gn e~@m| 

(‘Bringing them home’) v`r\w`v 

• @k`mn~@vl~w~ v@n`~q&`n sh sAcQw 

• pYsQq~{ o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~: o|s~@tY|lQy`nE crQw`pq`n Xb|q@k`~;@y~ 

m`r\ggw sAs~krNy (The Australian Dictionary of 

Biography Online Edition) 

• p`r\lQ@m|n~wOv iqQrQ@y~ q#nt a#wQ pnw~ @ktEm|pw~ l#yQs~wOvk~ 

• o|s~@tY|lQy`nE p`r\lQ@m|n~wOv 

• p`r\lQ@m|n~wO a{&`pn @s~v` 

• pYsQq~{ nQv`dE qQn 

• @s`r` gnE l#bR prm|pr`vlQn~ 

(Stolen Generations) sm`v ayqWm 

www.aph.gov.au/senate/general/constitution 

www.australianoftheyear.org.au 

www.humanrights.gov.au/social_justice/bth_report/ 

index.html 

www.environment.gov.au/parks/index.html 

http://adbonline.anu.edu.au/adbonline.htm 

www.aph.gov.au/bills/index.htm 

www.aph.gov.au 

www.peo.gov.au 

www.australia.gov.au/topics/australian-facts-and 

figures/public-holidays 

www.abc.net.au/news/events/apology/text.htm 

v#dQ vQs~wr s[h` 75

s~wOwQy 

phw r$p lb` qEn~@n~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE r`j& @l~KN`g`r@y~ (National Archives of Australia) anEgYh@ynQ: 

42 pQtEv - nQv| svEw~ @v|l~s~ hQ b#tUvn~ sQtQn idm|vl sQtQn LmEn~@g~ C`y`r$pyk~ - gOvn~ p`s#l, C`y`r$py lb` gw~@w~ 1962 qWy 

(@y`mEv: A1200: L42511) 

51 pQtEv - pEq~glyn~ - dQk~ s~mQw~, Civil Aviation Authority hQ sx`pwQ, 1991 (@y`mEv: A6135:K23/5/91/1) 

56 pQtEv - o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| ws~mn~ sQwQym, 1644 (@y`mEv: A1200:L13381) 

59 pQtEv - 1851 o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| rw~rn~ @s`y` g#nWm sm|bn~{ @ewQh`sQk C`y`r$p (@y`mEv: A6180:25/5/78/62) 

60 pQtEv - o|s~@tY|lQy`v a#wOlw a#f~gn~ vr#n~ sh ovEn~@g~ otEvn~ v#d kQrWm (@y`mEv: A6180:25/5/78/62) 

67 pQtEv - pEq~glyn~ - XWYmw~ ed|vr\d| vQyrQ dn~@l`p~ ohE@g~ k`r\&`ly wOl, 1986 (@y`mEv: A6180:1/9/86/12) 

67 pQtEv - sAkYmNy - o|s~@tY|lQy`vt sAkYmNQkyn~ p#mQNWm - @k~n~s~ hQ f~l#mWnQy` @n_k`@v| iw`lQ j`wQk uk~ gs~ kpn~nn~, 1955 

(@y`mEv: A12111:1/1955/4/97) 

phw C`y`r$p lb` qEn~@n~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE j`wQk pEs~wk`l@y~ (National Library of Australia) anEgYh@ynQ: 

18 pQtEv - g#@r\m` @p@qs, sQvQk~, k#n~br` yn s~}`n@y~ p#vwQ yE{ vQ@r`~{W rFLQy a#mwS k}Qkyn~ ht svn~ qWmt p#mQNQ @pLp`lQkr#vn~, 

2003 @pbrv`rQ 15, C`y`r$py @gYg~ pvr\ mgQnQ (@y`mEv: nla.pic-vn3063592) 

44 pQtEv - 1940 pYk`Xyt pw~kl jEdQw~ ryQt|@g~ pQLQr#v (@y`mEv: nla.pic-an29529596) 

52 pQtEv - 2004 @qs#m|br\ 30 sEn`mQyt psE in~qEnWsQy`@v| a`@c| hQ shn ktyEwOvl nQrw vn o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`r]k hmEq` xtyn~ ht in~qEnWsQy`nE 

k`n~w`vn~ a`c`r kQrWm, C`y`r$py d$n~ hn~t| mgQnQ (@y`mEv: nla.pic-vn3510861) 

56 pQtEv - 1788 jnv`rQ 27 qQn sQd|nQ @k`~v| hQ pY}m n`vEk blk`y, nQr\m`Ny k@l~ @j`~n~ a#l@k`t| vQsQnQ 1888 - 1973 

(@y`mEv: nla.pic-an7891482) 

57 pQtEv - 1804 - 1852 @w`~ms~ @fy`r\ln~d| pYk`Xyt pw~kl k#rlQn~ cQ@;`l~m| @g~ pYwQm`v (@y`mEv: nla.pic-an9193363) 

58 pQtEv - 1828 - 1902 nQ@k`ls~ @cv`lQyr\ vQsQn~ nQr\m`Ny kr 1868 qW pYk`Xyt pw~ kl br\k~ sh vQl~s~ kSpr\s~ kWYk~ @vw n#vw p#mQNWm 

(@y`mEv: nla.pic-an2265463) 

61 pQtEv - 1890 qW pYk`Xyt pw~kl k#w~rQn~ @hln~ s~@pn~s~@g~ pYwQm`v (@y`mEv: nla.pic-an14617296) 

63 pQtEv - 1915 qW g#lQ@p`lQ hQ @j`~n~ sQm|p~sn~ sh ohE@g~ bRr#v` (@y`mEv: nla.pic-an24601465) 

65 pQtEv - 1919 sh 1927 awr pYk`Xyt pw~kl XWYmw~ c`r\l~s~ ed|vr\d| @g~ pYwQm`v (@y`mEv: nla.pic-vn3302805) 

70 pQtEv - 1946 @h`~ 1947 a`wr\ g^^m| vQsQn~ pYk`Xyt pw~kl @n`qr\n~ @trQtrQ hQ Hermannsburg Mission hQ a#wQ a#l~br\t| nm|jQr`@g~ 

pYwQm`v (@y`mEv: nla.pic-an23165034) 

Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts sh phw ay@g~ anEgYh@yn~ @l`~k ur#m 

(World Heritage) s~}`n qh hwrk C`y`r$p lb`qW a#w: 

40 pQtEv - @k`lQn~ @t`tr\@dl~ vQsQn~ C`y`r$pgw kl Australian Fossil Mammal Sites 

40 pQtEv - m`r\k~ @m`@hl~ vQsQn~ C`y`r$pgw kl Blue Mountains National Park 

40 pQtEv - ;#nn~ mR vQsQn~ C`y`r$pgw kl Fraser Island 

40 pQtEv - @p`~l~ k#n~d|lQn~ vQsQn~ C`y`r$pgw kl Gondwana Rainforests of Australia 

40 pQtEv - s#lW gWYn@v| vQsQn~ C`y`r$pgw kl Kakadu National Park 

76 


40 pQtEv - @mlQn~d` b^^vr\ vQsQn~ C`y`r$pgw kl Lord Howe Island 

40 pQtEv - @mlQn~d` b^^vr\ vQsQn~ C`y`r$pgw kl Macquarie Island 

41 pQtEv - @r`d| h`r\t|vQg~sn~ vQsQn~ C`y`r$pgw kl Purnululu National Park 

41 pQtEv - mQ@;l~ m#@k`~@l~ vQsQn~ C`y`r$pgw kl Royal Exhibition Building and Carlton Gardens 

41 pQtEv - @klW mln~ vQsQn~ C`y`r$pgw kl Shark Bay 

41 pQtEv - nQ@k`l` bQYdn~ vQsQn~ C`y`r$pgw kl ws~@m|nQy`@v| sEn~qrw~vy 

41 pQtEv - a#n~d^^ hcQn~sn~ vQsQn~ C`y`r$pgw kl Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park 

41 pQtEv - @k`lQn~ @t`tr\@dl~ vQsQn~ C`y`r$pgw kl kOvWn~s~ln~w@y~ @ww~ {Y#v 

41 pQtEv - m`r\k~ @m`@hl~ vQsQn~ C`y`r$pgw kl Willandra Lakes Region 

phw C`y`r$p lb`qEn~@n~ Stockphoto anEgYh@ynQ: 

pQt kvry - @v`tl~, ©iStockphoto.com/Ressy (@y`mEv: 3322510) 

14 pQtEv - o|s~@tY|lQy`nE kU o|ply, ©iStockphoto.com/Alicat (@y`mEv: 8323912) 

22 pQtEv - p`r\lQ@m|n~wO nQvs, ©iStockphoto.com/Tim Starkey (@y`mEv: 2256743) 

22 pQtEv - Gavel and book, ©iStockphoto.com/Dem10 (@y`mEv: 2397687) 

27 pQtEv - Coins on finance graph, ©iStockphoto.com/Robyn Mackenzie (@y`mEv: 2335549) 

27 pQtEv - Doctor writing, ©iStockphoto.com/Carlos Arranz (@y`mEv: 6498434) 

38 pQtEv - Bondi Beach, ©iStockphoto.com/Edd Westmacott (@y`mEv: 3048786) 

38 pQtEv - Kings Canyon, ©iStockphoto.com/Francois Marclay (@y`mEv: 5733853) 

51 pQtEv - Reclaimer on iron ore mine site, ©iStockphoto.com/Christian Uhrig (@y`mEv: 9819736) 

54 pQtEv - Didgeridoo, ©iStockphoto.com/Adam Booth (@y`mEv: 834207) 

55 pQtEv - Aboriginal rock art – Saratoga fish, ©iStockphoto.com/Alpen Gluehen (@y`mEv: 2761924) 

a@nkOw~ sQyUm C`y`r#p lb`qEn~@n~ phw q#k~@vn sAvQ{`n/pEq~glyn~@g~ anEgYh@ynQ: 

8 pQtEv - Spotted gums with a floor covering of Burrawang palms, Murramarang National Park, NSW, 

C`y`r$py d`rQ@y`~ @p`~s~t`yQ vQsQnQ 

20 pQtEv - pEq~gl@ykO Cn~q @pt|tQyt sQy lkONE kl Cn~q pwQYk`v qmn C`y`r$pyk~ Victorian Electoral Commission hQ anEgYh@yn~ 

24 pQtEv - Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900: mEl~ mhjn v`r\w` pQtpw, C`y`r$py Gifts Collection, 

Parliament House Art Collection, Department of Parliamentary Services, Canberra ACT anEgYh@ynQ 

27 pQtEv - @ml~ @y~t|s~ vQsQn~ C`y`r$pgw kl @p~LQyk LmEn~ iq@gn sQtQn C`y`r$py Getty Images anEgYh@ynQ. 

28 pQtEv - @XY~;~T`{QkrN@y~ C`y`r$py High Court of Australia hQ anEgYh@ynQ 

40 pQtEv - Big Ben Heard Island hQ C`y`r$py Australian Antarctic Division © Commonwealth of Australia hQ anEgYh@ynQ, 

C`y`r$py el~. I. l`r\j~ vQsQnQ (@y`mEv:1892A2) 

40 pQtEv - Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority hQ anEgYh@yn~ Great Barrier Reef hQ C`y`r$pyk~ 

41 pQtEv - City of Sydney hQ anEgYh@yn~ Sydney Opera House hQ C`y`r$pyk~, C`y`r$py p#t|rQk~ bQAg~hm|-@h`~l~ mgQnQ 

s~wOwQy 77

s~wOwQy 

43 pQtEv - Australian Sports Commission hQ anEgYh@yn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE j`wQk p`pn~qE kN~d`y@m| (Matildas) s`m`jQk`vk@g~ C`y`r$pyk~ 

44 pQtEv - Bradman Museum of Cricket hQ anEgYh@yn~ XWYmw~ @d`nl~d| bY#d|mn~ @g~ C`y`r$py, XWYmw~ @d`nl~d| bY#d|mn~ sQy @ts~t| kQYkt| hQs~ 

v#sEm p#lq@gn sQtW. 1931-32 o|s~@tY|lQy`nE kQYkt| sm@y~qW lb` gn~n` lqW 

45 pQtEv - Fred Hollows Foundation hQ anEgYh@yn~ mh`c`r\& @fYd| @h`@l`~s~ @g~ C`y`r$py, C`y`r#py fY$n~k~ vQ@y`lQ mgQnQ 

50 pQtEv - City of Sydney hQ anEgYh@yn~ sQd|nQ vr`yt ihLQn~ aUw~ avEr#qE gQNQ@kLQ q#k~@vn C`y`r$py 

52 pQtEv - Hamlin Fistula Relief and Aid Fund hQ anEgYh@yn~ @@vq& k#wrQn~ h#m|lQn~ @g~ C`y`r$py 

61 pQtEv - l#mQn~g~tn~ s`mQvry` @fd@r\;N qQn rFs~v sQtQ ay a#mwWm, 1901, C`y`r$p anEgYhy State Library of Queensland mgQnQ, 

C`y`r#py ec|. Db|. @m`b|s~bQ (@y`mEv: 47417) 

65 pQtEv - State Library of New South Wales (Mitchell Library) hQ anEgYh@yn~ lb`gw~ Soup kitchen C`y`r$py. 1934 a@g`~s~wO 

m`s@y~ nQv| svEw~ @v|l~s~hQ Belmore North Public School p`s@l~ sQsEn~ @n`mQ@L~ lb`@qn sEp~ sh p`n~ @pw~wk~ lb` g#nWmt @pL 

g#sW sQtQn a`k`ry, C`y`r$py s$m| hEd| mgQnQ (@y`mEv: H&A 4368) 

66 pQtEv - Australian War Memorial hQ anEgYh@yn~ lb`gw~ Kokoda Track hQ C`y`r$py (@y`mEv: 014028) 

66 pQtEv - Australian War Memorial hQ a#wQ rwO @p`pQ ml~, C`y`r$py @t`~rQ bQYm|s~ vQsQnQ 

70 pQtEv - Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute hQ anEgYh@yn~ lb` gw~ vQk~tr\ c$n~g~ @g~ C`y`r$py 

70 pQtEv - br\nWt` sh @g~l~ m`@b`~ @g~ avsry mw lb`gw~ edW m`@b`~ @g~ C`y`r$py 

78

Our Common Bond - Sinhalese - Australian Citizenship

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