Small Arms Survey Cumulative Index 2001-2010

Small Arms Survey 

Cumulative Index 2001-2010 

Compiled by Margaret Binns www.binnsindexing.co.uk 

Order of entries is word-by-word; for example El Salvador comes before Eldoret 

Personal names beginning with al- are indexed under the part of the name following; for example 

al-Badr, Muhammed is listed under Badr. 

9A-91 assault rifle 2002 26 

12GA Shotgun, used in crime in the US 2001 24 

92F pistols 2002 37 

655 Report (United States) 2001 152, 2002 121–2, 2003 106, 2005 113 

A9 Group 2004 107 

AAAS see American Association for the Advancement of Science 

Aasha Gang Conflict Mediation Project (United Kingdom) 2010 247 

AB see Aryan Brotherhood 

ABA see American Bar Association 

abductions 

conflict goods 2002 142 

Georgia 2003 209, 2003 210 

Haiti 2007 174 

Lord’s Resistance Army (Uganda) 2006 275–9, 2006 280–1, 2006 288–9 

Papua New Guinea 2006 184 

risk to development workers 2003 149 

tribal violence in Yemen 2003 184 

‘Abdulaye Miskine’ 2005 309 

Abkhazia 

conflict with Georgia 2003 191–2, 2003 194–5 

conflict sourcing 2005 171 

conflict use 2005 184 

gun culture 2005 214 

illicit transfers to 2001 179–80 

post-conflict period 2003 207–10 

terror attacks 2002 172 

ABM see Air Bursting Munitions 

Aboukir Engineering Industries (Egypt) 2002 17 

Abu Sayyaf Group 2002 98 

accessibility thesis 2001 202–7, 2002 159, 2004 182–6 

accessories 

manufacturing sectors 2005 44, 2005 45, 2005 49–51, 2005 58–62 

transfers 2006 68–73, 2006 75–8 

accidental shootings 

accessibility thesis 2001 202 

assault rifles, lethality 2001 212 

1

Brazil 2007 230 

costs of small arms violence 2006 190, 2006 199–200 

weapons collection, Argentina 2002 309 

accidental use of firearms 2010 319 

accountability, stockpiles 2003 58 

accounting, costs of small arms violence 2003 132–3, 2003 135, 2006 193 

Accuracy International (United Kingdom) 2002 40, 2004 27, 2004 30 

Aceh 

see also Gerakan Aceh Merdeka (GAM) 

armed groups 2006 253 

Badan Reintegrasi-Damai Aceh (BRA) (Aceh Reintegration Agency) 2009 249, 2009 257–8, 

2009 266, 2009 268–9, 2009 273–4 

Badan Rekonstruksi dan Rehabilitasi (BRR) (Tsunami Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Agency) 

2009 273–4 

conflict deaths 2005 249 

DDR programme 2005 291, 2009 256–9 

donor support 2009 258–9 

economy 2009 270 

education 2009 265 

employment 2009 264, 2009 270 

GAM Needs Assessment 2009 251, 2009 264–5 

gun violence 2004 191 

Helsinki Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) 2009 249, 2009 253, 2009 256–7 

history of conflict 2009 251–4 

human rights violations 2007 77–9 

insurgent firearms 2002 98 

peace agreement 2009 253 

post-conflict 2009 226, 2009 228 

reconstruction 2009 270–1 

violence 2009 253–4 

poverty 2009 264 

reintegration 2009 249–51, 2009 256–78 

economic reintegration 2009 264–6, 2009 270 

funding 2009 275–6 

political reintegration 2009 262–3 

social reintegration 2009 259–62 

weaknesses of 2009 277–8 

tsunami (2004) 2009 253 

aid 2009 271–5 

weapons collection and destruction 2009 256 

Aceh Conflict Monitoring Updates 2009 251 

Aceh Monitoring Mission (AMM) 2009 253, 2009 256 

Aceh Poverty Assessment 2009 251, 2009 264 

Aceh Reintegration Agency see Aceh, Badan Reintegrasi-Damai Aceh 

Aceh Reintegration and Livelihoods Surveys (ARLS) 2009 251 

Aceh Village Survey 2009 251 

Aceh/Sumatra National Liberation Front (ASNLF) 2007 78 

Acholi 2006 274–5 

2

acquisition, accessibility thesis 2001 204–5 

acquisition networks, demand for small arms 2006 145 

acquisitions approach, militia holdings in the Republic of the Congo 2003 258–62, 2003 264 

ACS see Ammunition Coding System 

ACTC see Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), Centre for Combating Transnational 

Crime 

Adams, Gerry 2006 260 

Aden (Yemen) 2003 170, 2003 173, 2003 175 

ADI see Australian Defence Industries 

ADM assault rifles 2006 283 

adults, violence risk factors 2008 252 

advocacy 

NGOs 2002 242 

supply-side humanitarianism 2002 183–4 

AEK-919K Kashtan sub-machine gun 2002 26 

AEK-971 assault rifle 2002 26 

AEY Inc. 2007 82 

ammunition procurement 2010 14 

AfD see Arms for Development 

Afghan Interim Authority (AIA) 2009 292 

Afghan Military Forces 

DDR programmes 2009 286, 2009 298 

transitional security force 2009 233, 2009 236, 2009 289 

Afghan National Army, transfers to 2003 112 

Afghan New Beginnings Programme (ANBP) 2009 287, 2009 292–9 

disarmament process 2009 295 

donors 2009 294 

Afghan Pipeline 2001 180–1 

Afghanistan 

see also Northern Alliance; Taliban 

ammunition 

destruction 2009 302 

procurement 2010 14 

undocumented transfers 2010 27 

armed groups 2009 290–1 

attacks on schools 2009 203–4 

black market, prices for AK47 rifle 2002 66 

children’s health 2009 206 

conflict 

casualties caused by mortars 2001 212 

child soldiers 2001 230 

conflict deaths 2005 234, 2005 237, 2005 244, 2005 246–7 


firearm homicides and suicides 2001 211 

former insurgents becoming legitimate authorities 2001 82–3 

history of 2009 287–91 

trigger effect 2001 204–5 


3

DDR and weapons reduction programmes 2003 61, 2003 288, 2003 312, 2004 58, 2005 291, 

2009 184, 2009 285–6, 2009 291–310 

destruction programmes, MANPADS 2008 101 

development assistance 2009 307–8 

disarmament 2009 292–9, 2009 305–6 

security dilemma 2009 304–5 

displaced persons 2001 2002 196 

drug economy 2009 307 

explosions at arms depots 2010 322 


Human Development Index 2009 307 

illegal armed groups, disbanding 2009 299–304 

illicit transfers from 2001 180–1 

to Azerbaijan 2001 180 

to Tajikistan 2005 171 

illicit transfers to 

arms embargoes against 2001 180–1, 2002 132, 2002 133 

Cold War grey market 2001 169 

irresponsible transfers 2007 91, 2007 98 

to non-state actors 2007 135 

Pakistani craft production 2001 47, 2003 32–3 

imports 

from Bulgaria 2003 109 

human rights 2004 128 

irresponsible transfers to 2007 91, 2007 98 

list of exporters 2005 104, 2006 70 

from Romania 2003 110 

from Russia 2003 111 

trends 2000 2003 112 

from the United States 2001 180–1, 2003 107, 2007 98 

value 2002 2005 106 

value 2003 2006 74 

improvised explosive devices (IEDs) 2010 123 

Kyrgyzstan 2004 310 

landmines, destruction 2009 302 

MANPADS 2004 84, 2004 85–6, 2004 88, 2004 89, 2004 92 

attacks on aircraft 2008 13 

diversion 2008 119, 2008 120, 2008 125 

masculinity and firearms 2005 211 

military procurement 2006 22 

militias 2010 118, 2010 122, 2010 262 

non-state actors 

foreign government support for 2002 130–1, 2007 135 

illicit transfers to 2007 135 

light weapons holdings 2008 32 

short-term gain-seeking groups 2005 195 

non-state armed groups, firearms 2010 122 

political violence 2009 229 

4

politization of humanitarian action 2002 186 

post-conflict 2005 199, 2005 271–2 

death and injury rates 2002 163 

security 2009 304–5 

timeline of key events 2001–2006 2009 293 

violence 2009 230, 2009 285 

prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2002 66, 2007 263, 2007 274 

production, illicit craft production 2003 27 

reconciliation 2009 308–9 

reintegration of ex-combatants 2009 295–9 

abuse of system 2009 295–6 

training 2009 297, 2009 298 

stockpiles 2002 102, 2003 57, 2003 73–6, 2005 71 

ammunition 2009 302 

estimates 2001 63 

insurgent stockpiles 2001 81, 2001 82, 2002 83 

MANPADS 2004 84 

surplus weapons transferred to 2008 79, 2008 81 

trafficking 2004 322–3 

transitional security forces 2009 236 

US production 2004 11, 2004 28–9 

violence clustering surveys 2005 240 

violent incidents 2008 232–3 

weapons collection 2009 292–3, 2009 295 

Yemen 2003 171 

AFL see Armed Forces of Liberia 

AFRC see Armed Forces Revolutionary Council 

Africa 

see also Eastern Africa; Great Lakes and Horn of Africa; North Africa; Organization of African 

Unity; Southern Africa; sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa 

air cargo companies 2001 114 

armed groups 

Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 273–89 

West African 2006 247–67 

border porousness 2007 266–7 

brokering 2001 96, 2001 110 

conflict 


conflict-related mortality 2001 210 

internal displacement 2001 225 

control measures 2002 95, 2002 262–3 

regional measures 2001 258–66 

crime and violence 2004 175, 2004 176, 2004 178, 2004 179, 2004 192–200 

carjackings 2007 171, 2007 172 

urban armed violence 2007 171–3 

correlation to city size 2007 167 

gangs 2007 171 

municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 185 

5

DDR and weapons reduction programmes 2002 288–90, 2002 294, 2003 279, 2003 307 

effects of small arms misuse 2003 147 

firearm homicides and suicides 2008 219 

firearms ownership, urban armed violence 2007 171, 2007 172 

gang violence 2010 142–4 

illicit transfers 2001 170–5 

brokering 2001 96 

transport networks 2001 115–23 

imports 

trends 2000 2003 110 

value 2000 2003 101 

judicial systems, municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 185 

prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 261, 2007 266–7, 2007 281, 2007 282, 2007 283 

private military companies 2001 110 

production, distribution of producers 2001 10 

stockpiles 2003 80–6 

civilian holdings, patterns of ownership 2007 63 

insurgent stockpiles 2002 81–2 

sub-regions 2001 259 

transfers 2003 117–19 

trends 2000 2003 100 

value 2000 2003 100, 2003 101 

young men and small arms 2006 299, 2006 305 

Africa Peace Forum, initiatives in the Great Lakes and Horn of Africa regions 2001 265 

African National Congress/Umkhonto We Sizwe, weapon-related commitments 2010 317, 2010 318 

African Union (AU) see Organization of African Unity 

AFSC see American Friends Service Committee 

age 

see also youth 

2006 UN Review Conference 2007 125 

firearm-related deaths 

Brazil 2007 228, 2007 232–3, 2007 235, 2007 238–41, 2007 247 

Colombia 2006 228–30 

United States 2001 204, 2001 239 

suicide, Brazil 2007 243, 2007 244, 2007 247 

urban violence 2007 167 

victims of violence 2004 180, 2004 183 

violence risk factors 2008 251–3, 2008 258 

young men and small arms 2006 295–317 

age of stock, military procurement 2006 14–20 

agenda development, NGOs 2002 242 

agriculture 


humanitarian impacts 2002 160 

AGS-17 grenade launcher 2008 24 

Ahtisaari, Martti 2009 249 

AIA see Afghan Interim Authority 

aid agencies, attacks on, Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 276 

6

AIEK-973 assault rifle 2002 26 

Air Atlantic Cargo 2001 121 

Air Bursting Munitions (ABM) 2003 25 

air cargo companies 

brokers 2001 110–23, 2001 172 

tax havens 2001 104 

Air Cess 2001 114, 2001 119, 2001 121, 2001 122 

Air Foyle 2001 122–3, 2001 172 

air guns 2004 107–8, 2004 189 

air transport 

brokers 2001 110–23 

civil aviation regulations 2010 59–62 

control measures 2010 44–9 

customs regulations 2010 54–8, 2010 62 

international regulation 2010 49–50 

national regulation 2010 50–4 

Air Transport Office (ATO) 2001 104, 2001 118–19 

aircraft 

air cargo companies 2001 110–23, 2001 172 

illicit brokering 2004 145 

MANPADS attacks 2004 90–1, 2004 93, 2004 94, 2008 12, 2008 13 

registration 2001 114–15, 2010 60 

use for diversions 2008 115–16 

AK series assault rifles 

exports from the Russian Federation 2001 158 

illicit weapons in possession of RUF in Sierra Leone 2001 173 

intellectual property rights 2007 24 

Iraq 2007 84–5 

popularity 2001 18, 2001 20, 2007 258–9 

producers 

Egypt 2002 17 

Russian Federation 2001 33, 2001 158, 2002 25 

symbolism 2001 205 

technological developments 2003 22 

AK-47 assault rifle 

ammunition 

availability 2005 19 

type 2007 260 

Bulgaria 2003 109 

Burundi 2007 204 


crime in Africa 2004 194, 2004 195 

Georgia 2003 201 

illicit transfers of 

to Colombia 2003 116, 2006 85 

to the Republic of the Congo 2003 262 

illustration of 2007 259 


7

irresponsible transfers of, to Iraq 2007 82, 2007 83 

Kalashnikov series 2004 15, 2004 34 

Kosovo 2004 197 

Kyrgyzstan 2004 319, 2004 321 

Latin America 2003 87 

popularity 2007 258–9 

prices 2002 65 

2006 2007 260 

Africa 2003 86 

black market 2002 66–7 

fashion and 2002 70 

looted Albanian weapons 2002 68–9 

second-hand 2002 67–8 

production 

global 2001 62, 2001 63, 2006 54, 2006 55 

illicit craft production in Pakistan 2001 47, 2003 33 

JSC Izhmash 2002 24–5 

survey of producers 2004 28 

seizures in Afghanistan 2003 76 

South Sudan 2007 329 

stockpiles 

destruction of surpluses 2004 60 

government armed forces stocks, East Germany 2001 75 

India 2002 101 

insurgent weapons in Palestinian territories 2002 90–1 

Iraq 2004 47–8, 2004 49 

militia holdings in the Republic of the Congo 2003 267 

Mozambique 2001 64 

Pakistan 2002 100 

Saudi National Guard 2004 55 

West African armed groups 2006 257 

varieties 2007 260 

Yemen 2007 45 

AK-74 assault rifle 2001 17, 2006 283 



government armed forces stocks, East Germany 2001 75 


producers, JSC Izhmash 2002 25 


AK-101 assault rifle 



AK-103 assault rifle 2006 12, 2006 87 


licensed production 2007 9, 2007 11, 2007 30 

AK-105 assault rifles, identifying 2009 111 

AK5 automatic rifle 2006 55 

8

AKM assault rifles 2001 17, 2006 222, 2006 226 


diversion to Colombia 2008 113 

identifying 2009 111, 2009 130 


import marks 2009 118 

Akol, Lam 2007 321 

AKSU-74 assault rifle, Burundi 2007 204 

Al Aqsa Martyrs Brigades, stockpiles 2003 78 

al-Qaeda 

Afghanistan 2007 135, 2009 285, 2009 288 

armed violence 2010 85 

guided light weapons holdings 2008 33 

Kyrgyzstan 2004 310, 2004 320 


Somalia 2007 93–4 

stockpiles 2003 73–6, 2004 55 

transfers to 2003 112, 2004 102 

Yemen 2003 170 

Al-Qassam rockets, Gaza 2008 15 

Albania 


diversion 2008 52 

stockpiles 2008 91, 2008 93, 2010 13, 2010 14 

DDR and weapons reduction 2002 301–3, 2007 65 

EU Joint Action 1998 2001 271–2 

incentives 2002 306 

participatory approaches 2002 313 

SEESAC 2002–2005 2005 290 

UNDP 2002–2004 2005 292 

UNDP/UNDDA/UNOPS 1997–2002 2003 281 

weapons for development in Gramsh 1999 2001 177, 2002 298–300, 2002 302 

destruction programmes 2008 97 


effects of small arms misuse 2001 200–1 

gun culture 2005 208–10 


alleged arms embargo violations 2002 132 

to the KLA 2004 133, 2005 218–19 

prices, of Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 274 

production 

global ranking of countries 2001 16 

licensed 2007 15 

survey of producers 2001 52, 2002 57, 2003 43 

stockpiles 

civilian holdings 2003 65 

looting from state arsenals 1997 2001 176–7, 2001 200–1, 2001 273, 2002 76–7, 2002 298–9 

military 2006 38, 2006 44, 2006 47 

9

People’s War strategy 2002 76, 2002 77 

stockpile security 2002 260 


Albanians 

gun culture in Kosovo 2005 205–23 

Macedonia/FRY, gun ownership 2003 67 

Albright, Madeleine 2004 92 

alcohol 

Colombia 2006 230 

municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 180, 2007 181 


and violence 2001 207, 2008 222, 2008 264, 2008 275 

Alcotan-100 rocket launcher 2008 25 

Alderney, tax havens and brokers 2001 105 

Algeria 

Bamako Declaration (2000) (OAU) 2002 213, 2002 214 

brokering 2004 152 

conflict deaths 2001 210, 2005 248, 2005 249 

human rights violations 2007 76, 2007 77 

illicit transfers to, from Osama bin Laden 2001 171 

imports 

from Brazil 2004 123 

classification of 2004 108 

human rights 2004 102, 2004 128 

irresponsible transfers to 2007 76, 2007 77, 2007 98 


value 2001 2004 109 


foreign government support for 2002 130 

Islamic militants 2003 79 


non-state armed groups 2010 270–1 

prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 262, 2007 274 

production 



survey of producers 2001 52, 2002 17, 2002 19, 2002 57 

stockpiles 

military 2005 88 

police 2005 89 

Algerian Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (Groupe Salafiste pour la prédication et le combat) 

(GSPC) 2006 256 

All Up Weight, ammunition 2005 11 

Alliance for Peace Restoration and Combat against Terror (APRCT) (Somalia) 2007 93–4 

alliances, military procurement 2006 21 

Alliant Techsystems (ATK) (United States) 

ammunition production 2001 27, 2010 22 

company profile 2000 2002 29 

10

financial indicators 2000 2002 21 

government contracts 2003 17 

manufacturing sectors 2005 59 

Alpimex SL (Slovenia) 2003 46 

Alÿs, Francis 2005 143 

Amadeo Rossi (Brazil) 


imports 2004 123 


survey of producers 2001 29, 2001 30, 2002 32, 2004 22 

Amal Movement, Lebanon 2009 319, 2009 320 

ambushes, Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 279, 2006 288 

Ameli light machine gun 2002 38 

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) 2005 242 

American Bar Association (ABA) 2005 242 

American Friends Service Committee (AFSC) 2006 144 

American Samoa 


gun control measures 2004 302 

stockpiles 2003 89, 2004 284 

Americans gang (South Africa) 2010 164 

Americas 

see also Central America; Latin America; North America; South America 


police, average number of officers 2006 42 

prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 261 

production 

licensed and unlicensed 2007 23 

regional survey 2001 25–30 

regional norms 2003 236 

stockpiles, military 2006 52, 2006 53, 2006 58 

weapons collection programmes 2003 280 

AMF see Afghan Military Forces 

ammunition 2005 9–33 

see also bullets; calibre 

.50 calibre sniper rifles 2005 53 

availability 2005 18–23 

Yemen 2003 178 

ballistics and health effects 2001 212, 2001 240, 2005 23 

construction 2005 10–12 

control measures 2005 23–31 

national control of civilian ownership 2002 265 

Pacific 2004 302 

UN General Assembly First Committee 2007 126 

UN Group of Governmental Experts 2009 135, 2009 143–7, 2009 152 

UN Programme of Action 2005 126–7 

counting 2005 11 

definition 2010 8–9 

11

diversion 2005 14, 2007 289–312, 2008 45, 2008 52 

Albania 2008 52 

Brazil 2008 45, 2008 46, 2008 52 

Israel 2008 52 

Kenya 2008 51, 2008 52 

Peru 2008 52 

Uganda 2008 51 

identifying marks 2009 117 

Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 260 

lethality 2001 212 

light weapons ammunition 2006 66–7 

definition 2010 9 

technological developments 2010 33–4 

transfers 2010 7–8, 2010 18–20, 2010 27–32, 2010 34–5 

marking and tracing 2002 245, 2005 25–9, 2005 31 

International Tracing Instrument 2006 95, 2006 96–7, 2006 99, 2006 100, 2006 102–3, 2007 

124 

lot-marking 2007 303, 2007 311 

measurement of 2008 89, 2008 90–1 

military requirements 2008 89–94 

non-lethal weapons 2004 221–3, 2005 16 

Papua New Guinea 2006 166, 2006 177–8 

production 

Bosnia and Herzegovina 2003 43 

Brazil 2001 29, 2002 32, 2004 21, 2004 22 

Canada 2001 27 

central and eastern Europe 2001 35, 2003 38 

Egypt 2002 17 

France 2002 33 

global production by volume 2001 14 


Hungary 2001 37 

illicit craft production, Philippines 2003 34–5 

Iran 2002 18 


Kenya 2002 46 


licensed 2007 18, 2007 20, 2007 21 

major producers 2003 14–15, 2004 27, 2010 22 

military-calibre, global production 2002 15 

Nigeria 2001 41, 2002 46–7 

Poland 2003 42 

Russian Federation 2002 26, 2003 20 

Serbia and Montenegro 2003 47 

South Africa 2001 41 

Sudan 2002 18–19 

survey of producers 2003 13, 2005 13–17 

Switzerland 2001 32 

12

Syria 2002 19 

Turkey 2002 20 

United States 2001 25, 2001 27, 2002 29, 2003 16–17, 2004 11–12, 2005 44 

unlicensed 2007 20, 2007 21 

value 2000 2002 14–15 

Zimbabwe 2001 41 

reloading 2007 305 

security risk coding 2008 50 

shotgun shells, transfers 2010 18, 2010 22–3, 2010 25–7, 2010 30 

small arms ammunition 


transfers 2010 7–8, 2010 18, 2010 20–7, 2010 34–5 

small-calibre 

Comtrade data 2000–2006 2009 12, 2009 14–17 

transfers 2010 18, 2010 21–4, 2010 30 

stockpiles 2010 13, 2010 14 

Afghanistan 2003 75–6, 2009 302 

Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 279, 2006 284–5, 2006 286 


Second World War weapons in the Pacific Islands 2003 35 

shelf life 2005 17–18, 2005 31 

storage 2005 21 

West African armed groups 2006 247, 2006 255, 2006 257, 2006 258 

surplus 2008 89–94 


technological developments 2003 23, 2003 24–5, 2005 16–17 

terminal ballistics 2001 240, 2005 23 

tons 2008 90 

transfers 

analysis 2010 20–32 

for civilian weapons 2003 102–3 

customs data 2002 126 

to Cyprus 2003 105 

estimated values 2010 17–20 

exporters 2006 68–73 

global trade 2004 100, 2006 67, 2010 7–35 

government data 2001 149, 2001 150 

importers 2006 75–8 

from Kyrgyzstan 2004 321 

to the Pacific 2004 280–1 


from Sweden 2001 151 

transparency 2010 10–13 

transportation 2005 26 

undocumented 2010 18, 2010 27 

value 2002 2005 98–9 

unleaded 2005 16–17 

Ammunition Coding System (ACS) 2005 28 

13

amnesties 

Australia 2004 57 


incentives 2005 281 

Iraq 2005 73 

Kosovo 2002 291 

municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 180, 2007 181, 2007 185–8 




Solomon Islands 2004 298–300 

South Africa 2005 75 

Sri Lanka 2004 59 

Taiwan 2005 84 

Thailand 2004 71 

United Kingdom 2002 271, 2004 188 

weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 282–3, 2002 291 

Amnesty International 2004 1 

Algeria 2007 77 

Arms Trade Treaty 2004 133 

codes of conduct 2002 183 

irresponsible transfers to Iraq 2007 84–5 

Israel 2007 79–80 

Political Terror Scale 2007 75 

tracing weapons involved in human rights abuses 2004 126 

transfers to human rights abusers 2002 183–4 

violations of UN arms embargoes 2004 127 

Amuka militia (Uganda) 2010 267 

AN-94 assault rifle 2003 24 

ANBP see Afghan New Beginnings Programme 

ANC/MK see African National Congress/Umkhonto We Sizwe 

Andorra, tax havens and brokers 2001 105 

Andrade, Mônica Viegas 2007 238 

Angola 


brokering 2001 108, 2004 152, 2004 165 

conflict 




percentage of population killed in conflict 2001 210 

DDR and weapons reduction 2005 290, 2009 184 

of civilians 2004 57 

defining ex-combatants 2005 284 

elections 2003 304–5 

mistakes 2005 285 

peace negotiations 2003 287, 2003 293, 2003 297, 2003 301–2 

UNITA 2002 2003 279 

14


disarmament 2009 162 


illicit transfers from, to the Republic of the Congo 2003 262, 2003 263 

illicit transfers to 2001 132, 2004 112, 2005 192 

arms embargo 2002 132, 2004 265, 2004 269 

brokers 2001 116–19, 2004 165 

from Bulgaria 2001 173, 2002 134, 2002 249, 2004 265, 2004 269 

end-use assurances 2002 249 


from South Africa 2001 117, 2002 132, 2005 192 

UNITA 2001 173 

violations of end-user certificates 2002 134 

imports 



human rights 2004 128, 2004 129 

irresponsible transfers to 2007 98 

trends 2000 2003 117, 2003 118 

MANPADS attacks on aircraft 2008 13 

non-state actors, light weapons holdings 2008 32 

post-conflict 2009 226 



state-led violence 2009 229 

stockpiles 2003 81 

civilian holdings 2007 47–8, 2007 49 

UNITA demobilization 2009 233, 2009 236 

Angolan Armed Forces (FAA), use of private military companies 2001 110 

Anguilla, tax havens and brokers 2001 105 

ANHAM Joint Venture 2007 82 

ANKI see National Army of Independent Kampuchea 

Annan, Kofi 


humanitarian approach 2002 177 

Millennium Report (2000) 2001 2 

Programme of Action 2002 203 

stockpile estimates 2003 58 

ant trade 2002 128–9, 2002 135 

to Brazil 2001 186, 2006 84 

to Colombia 2005 160, 2005 163, 2005 165 


to Haiti 2005 160, 2006 165 

to Mexico 2003 108 

West Africa 2006 256 

anti-aircraft weapons 

see also man-portable air defence systems 

control measures 2005 124, 2005 125 

15

countries producing 2008 34–5 

Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 283 

production 2004 33 

anti-materiel rifles 



production 2004 27, 2004 30 

types 2008 22–3 

Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention see Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, 

Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction 

anti-personnel mines 

see also landmines 

banning campaign 2010 309 


global campaign 2001 280, 2002 179 


Anti-Personnel Mines and Ammunition Stockpile Destruction project (Afghanistan) 2009 302 

Anti-Social Behaviour Act (2003) (United Kingdom) 2004 189 

anti-tank guided weapons (ATGWs) 


held by non-state armed groups 2008 32–3 

manufacturing sectors 2005 59, 2005 60, 2005 61–2 


production 2004 27, 2004 33 

licensed 2007 20, 2007 21, 2007 22 

production and values 2008 28–30, 2008 31 


types 2008 18–20 

anti-tank weapons 

see also rocket-propelled grenade launchers 

missiles 2005 124 

production 2004 27, 2004 33, 2004 34 

shoulder-fired rocket launchers 2002 70 

unguided rocket launchers 2008 25–6 

anti-terrorism laws, policing 2004 220 

anticipatory action, military stockpiles 2006 37, 2006 60 

Antigua and Barbuda 

OAS firearms instruments 2001 254 


tax havens and brokers 2001 105 

Antigua Declaration (2000) 2001 258 

antique weapons, tracing 2006 104 

Antonov 124 aircraft 2001 122–3 

AOI see Arab Organisation for Industrialisation 

apartheid 

civilian firearms 2003 239 

craft production 2003 30–1 

APC see Arewa People’s Congress 

16

APEC see Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 

APILAS shoulder-fired rocket launchers 2002 71 

Appiolaza, Martín 2002 307–10 

APRCT see Alliance for Peace Restoration and Combat against Terror 

APS95 assault rifle, unlicensed production 2007 25 

A.Q. Khan Laboratories (Pakistan) 2005 60 

AR15 assault rifle, Papua New Guinea 2006 175, 2006 176, 2006 177 

AR70/90 assault rifle 2002 37 

AR70/223 assault rifle 2001 63 

Arab Jamahiriya (Libya), transfers from 2007 92 

Arab League 2004 152 

Arab Organisation for Industrialisation (AOI) (Egypt) 2001 38–9 

Arabic Islamic Front of Azawad (FIAA) 2005 165 

Arafat, Yassir 2002 93, 2003 78 

‘architecture of fear’, fragmentation of public space 2007 176, 2007 178 

Arcus (Bulgaria) 2003 44, 2005 57 

Arewa People’s Congress (APC) (Nigeria) 2006 249 

ARF see Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), Regional Forum 

Argentina 

control measures 

MERCOSUR 2001 258 



end-user certificates 2008 128 

exports 

annual value 2001 148 

average annual value 2001 147 


irresponsible transfers from 2007 98, 2007 99, 2007 104, 2007 107 

pistols and revolvers 2001 147, 2002 114, 2009 20, 2009 21, 2009 41, 2009 42 

producers’ dependence on 2004 123 

transparency 2006 83, 2009 50, 2010 16 

trends 2000 2003 114 

to the United States 2009 21 

firearm homicides and suicides 2001 209, 2001 240, 2003 138 


to Brazil 2001 22, 2001 23, 2003 117 

to Croatia 2001 102 

to Ecuador 2007 29 


illicit transfers to, brokers 2001 103 

illicit weapons 

private illegal firearms 2001 87 

seizures 2006 84 

imports 


from the United States 2000 2003 106 


17

value 2002 2005 106 


production 


of illicit weapons seized in Brazil 2001 22, 2001 23 

licensed 2002 45, 2007 15, 2007 18, 2007 29 

light weapons 2008 34 

manufacturing sectors 2005 54, 2005 61 

most popular small arms 2001 20 

survey of producers 2001 28, 2001 52, 2002 57, 2004 17, 2004 18–21 

security sector reform 2003 153 

stockpiles 2004 51, 2004 53, 2004 61 


distribution of firearms 2001 67 

diversions from 2001 184–5 



surplus weapons 2008 84, 2008 85 

urbanization 2007 168 

weapons collection programmes 2002 302, 2003 60, 2003 280 

public awareness 2002 307–10 

Arias Code of Conduct 2001 257, 2002 182 

Arias, Oscar 2001 257, 2002 182 

Aristide, Jean-Bertrand 2005 163, 2005 288, 2007 174 

Armalite (United States) 2005 54 

Armament Technology (Canada) 2001 27 

armed assault 

costs of small arms violence 2006 190, 2006 199–200, 2006 201 

Papua New Guinea 2006 170, 2006 174 

armed conflict see conflict 

armed forces see state armed forces 

Armed Forces of Liberia (AFL) 2005 167–9 

Armed Forces for the National Liberation of East Timor 2006 253 

Armed Forces Revolutionary Council (AFRC) (Sierra Leone) 2006 249, 2006 255 


armed groups 

see also gangs; guerrillas; insurgents; militias; non-state armed groups; paramilitaries; rebel groups 

accidental use of firearms 2010 319 

Afghanistan 2009 290–1, 2009 299–304 

Cambodia, stockpiles 2006 119, 2006 120–2, 2006 125, 2006 126 

civilian holdings crossing over to 2007 60–1 

civilian targeting 2010 316–18 

Colombia 2006 215–17, 2006 220–6, 2006 233–4, 2006 263 

command and control 2006 221, 2006 252–3, 2006 265–6 

control measures, supply-side measures 2006 258–9 

definitions 2010 86–9, 2010 186 

demand for small arms 2006 145–8 

disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR) programmes 2006 259–65 

18

engagement 2010 94, 2010 305–26 

female members 2010 191, 2010 195, 2010 201 

humanitarian commitments 2010 310–11 

humanitarian engagement 2010 306–15 

internal regulations 2010 313 


organizational factors 2005 188–99 

policing 2010 319 

pro-government groups 2010 94–5, 2010 255–72 

small arms 2010 305–6 

misuse 2010 316–18 

safety 2010 319–24 

transfers and diversion 2010 324–5 

sources of firearms 2006 253–6 

South Sudan 2007 318–26, 2007 341–4 

South-East Asia 2006 253 

stockpile management 2010 322–4 

Sudan 2010 95–6, 2010 285–8 

typology 2006 248–50 

urban political armed violence 2007 173, 2007 186 

Venezuela, urban violence in Caracas 2007 186 

violence 2010 85–6 

weapons management 2006 257 

West Africa 2006 247–67 

young men and small arms 2006 307 

Armed Islamic Group (GIA) (Algeria), guided light weapons holdings 2008 32 

armed parties and political movements (PMPAs) (Burundi) 2007 203–7 

armed robbery 


Cambodia 2006 127–30 


Papua New Guinea 2006 170, 2006 174, 2006 184 

armed violence 

see also violence 

common factors 2008 219–22 

data collection 2008 216–17, 2008 222, 2008 237 

definition 2008 246, 2008 277 

dynamics 2008 231 

firearms interventions 2008 278–9 

global burden 2008 218 

impacts on children and youth 2009 193–212 

death and injury 2009 195–8 

displacement 2009 201–3 

education impacts 2009 203–5 

health impacts 2009 205–7 

indirect impacts 2009 199–207 

psychosocial trauma 2009 198–9 

reduction of 2009 207–11 

19

interventions 2008 226–7, 2008 235–6, 2008 275–6, 2008 278–9, 2008 295–8 

El Salvador 2008 281, 2008 288–95 

United States 2008 280–8 

post-conflict 2009 219–30, 2009 253–4 

prevention 2008 223, 2008 227 

psychosocial effects 2009 198–9 

public health approach 2008 211–12, 2008 223–8, 2008 236–40 

regional distribution 2008 218–19 

risk factors 2008 262–3, 2008 282, 2009 230–2 

school shootings 2008 265–6 

as social phenomenon 2008 236–7 

urban areas 2008 221–2, 2008 257, 2008 291 

Armed Violence Prevention Programme (AVPP) 2007 178 

Armenia 


exports, value 2001 148 

illicit transfers from, to Chechnya 2001 178 


production 


Nagorno-Karabakh 2003 47–8 



Armimex (Bulgaria) 2003 44 

armour-piercing (AP) rounds 2003 23, 2005 21–2 

arms control 

comparison with disarmament 2009 160 


arms control regimes 

international 2010 49–50 

national 2010 50–4 

Arms Corporation of the Philippines (Armscor) 2001 44 

arms depots, explosions 2010 322–4 

Arms for Development (AfD) 2002 297–303, 2002 306, 2006 264–5 

Arms Exchange Programme for Better Living Conditions (Argentina) 2002 307–10 

arms reduction see weapons reduction 

Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) 2004 133, 2007 117, 2007 126, 2007 129, 2007 130, 2009 135–6, 2009 

147–52 

draft parameters 2009 151 

feasibility 2009 150 

history of 2009 147–8 

open-ended working group (OEWG) 2009 148, 2009 152 

scope 2009 150–1 

UN General Assembly resolutions 2009 148–9 

Arms Transfer Profiling Indicator System (ATPIS) 2008 129 

Arms-free Municipalities Project (AFMP) (El Salvador) 2008 292–5 

‘Arms-to-Africa’ scandal (1998) 2001 110 

Armscor (South Africa) 2002 45, 2002 47–8 

20

‘Army of the Pure’: Lashkar-e-Tayyiba (LeT) (Pakistan), guided light weapons holdings 2008 33 

arquebuses, Yemen 2003 172–3 

Arrow Boys (Uganda) 2010 267 

Arsenal (Bulgaria) 2003 44, 2006 25 

Arsenalul Armatei (Romania) 2003 45 

art 2005 142–57 

artillery rockets, transfers to Europe 2003 104 

Aruba, tax havens and brokers 2001 105 

Arusha Peace and Reconciliation Agreement for Burundi (2000) 2007 199, 2007 207 

Aryan Brotherhood (AB) (United States) 2010 160 

ASAC see European Union Assistance in Curbing Small Arms and Light Weapons in Cambodia 

ASEAN see Association of Southeast Asian Nations 

Asia 

see also Asia-Pacific; Central Asia; East Asia Pacific; Northeast Asia; South Asia; Southeast Asia 



transfers, value 2000 2003 101–2 

young men, proportion of population 2006 299 

Asia-Pacific 

see also Asia; Pacific 

firearm homicides 2004 175, 2004 176, 2004 177, 2004 178, 2004 200 



production 

distribution of producing companies 2001 10, 2002 12, 2003 12, 2003 14, 2004 10 

distribution of producing countries 2001 10, 2002 11, 2002 12, 2003 11, 2004 9 


survey of producers 2001 42–5 

stockpiles, military 2006 52–3, 2006 58 

violence and crime 2004 179 


Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) 2004 93 

MANPADS controls 2005 128, 2007 28 

Asia–Pacific, gang violence 2010 142–4 

ASNLF see Aceh/Sumatra National Liberation Front 

assassinations 


European stockpiles 2003 63 

assault, armed 

costs of small arms violence 2006 190, 2006 199–200, 2006 201 


assault rifles 

see also AK series; FN FAL; M16 

ammunition 2005 12, 2005 19, 2005 21 

Brazil 2006 84, 2007 304–5 

Central African Republic 2005 312 

Colombia 2006 225, 2006 231 

crime 2001 22 

21

Africa 2004 194 

Brazil 2001 23 

culture of violence 2001 207–8 

exporters 2006 72 

Georgia 2003 196, 2003 200–1 

Iraqi Security Forces 2007 83 


Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 279, 2006 283–4 

military procurement 2006 8, 2006 12, 2006 13, 2006 18 

most popular 2001 18, 2001 20 

post-conflict violence 2005 274 

prices, Kalashnikov rifles 2007 257–72 



Chile 2001 30 

global production 2001 62, 2001 63 

licensed and unlicensed 2007 8, 2007 18, 2007 20, 2007 21–3 

major producers 2004 27 

manufacturing sectors 2005 50, 2005 51, 2005 55–7 

most popular military weapons 2004 28–9, 2004 30, 2004 34 

rifling 2001 212 

South America, illicit weapons 2006 84, 2006 86 

stockpiles, Republic of the Congo 2003 267–8 

technological developments 2003 22, 2003 24 

United States ban 2005 50, 2005 75 

Yemen 2003 172 

Assessing Small Arms Issues and Developing Capacity for Peace in the Horn of Africa (SALIGRAD) 

project 2002 243 

assessment, weapons collection programmes 2002 311–15 

assistance, international transfers 2009 9 

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) 

Centre for Combating Transnational Crime (ACTC) 2001 267 


MANPADS controls 2005 128 

member nations 2001 267 

organized crime 2001 221 

Regional Forum (ARF), attempt to create regional plan 2002 214–15 


ASTAR (Spain) 2001 32 

Astra (Spain) 2001 21, 2001 32, 2002 37–8 

Astra-Uncetay y Cia (Spain) 2001 32 

AT4 rocket launcher 2008 25 

ATGWs see anti-tank guided weapons 

ATK see Alliant Techsystems 

Atlantic Firearms (United States), AK-47 prices 2007 260 

ATO see Air Transport Office 

ATT see Arms Trade Treaty 

attacks 

22

Colombia 2006 223–4 

Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 273, 2006 278–82 

attempted murder, Papua New Guinea 2006 170, 2006 174 

attitudes 

see also culture 



weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 279–317 

attrition 

data on 2007 43 

insurgent small arms 2001 81 

stockpiles 2001 76–7 

Atwood, David 2006 144 

Aubeville militias (Republic of the Congo), holdings 2003 260 

AUC see Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia 

AUG assault rifle 

estimate of total production 2001 63 

most popular assault rifles 2001 18, 2001 20 

production 2001 31, 2002 30 

Australia 

ammunition 


transfers, transparency 2010 11, 2010 12 

Bougainville 2004 295 

civilian ownership 2007 47–8 

control measures, impact of 2004 184–6, 2005 74–5 

correlation of registered to unregistered firearms 2007 56 

correlation to GDP 2007 58–9 

destruction programmes 2007 64, 2007 65 

firearm homicides 2001 239 

patterns of 2007 64 

rate of 2004 283 

theft of 2008 63, 2008 65 


draft ASEAN declaration on small arms 2002 214–15 

impact on violence and crime 2004 184–6, 2004 192 

national control of civilian ownership 2002 267–8, 2004 184–6 

registration 2004 67 

UN Small Arms Conference (2001), Programme of Action 2002 210–11 

costs of small arms violence 2006 194 

disarmament 2009 166, 2009 167–9 

exports 



human rights 2004 129, 2004 132 

irresponsible transfers from 2007 99, 2007 100, 2007 101, 2007 102, 2007 103, 2007 104, 

2007 105 

list of importers 2005 107, 2006 76, 2006 77 

23

national reporting 2001 154, 2002 117, 2002 120 

transparency 2004 117, 2006 81, 2007 88, 2009 50, 2010 16 


value 2003 2006 68 

firearm homicides and suicides 2001 240, 2009 168–9 


and firearm ownership 1999 2001 203, 2001 239 

human development indicators 2001 233, 2001 241 


illicit transfers from 2001 184 

illicit transfers to 2004 285, 2004 286 

border seizures 2005 114, 2005 115, 2005 116 

imports 

ammunition 2009 16, 2009 17 

analysis of Pacific region 2004 280–1, 2004 282 

Comtrade data 2001 156, 2009 8, 2009 12 


list of exporters 2005 103, 2005 104, 2005 105, 2006 69, 2006 72, 2006 73 

military firearms 2002 116 

military small arms and light weapons 2009 25 

national reporting 2001 157 

small-calibre cartridges and parts 2010 24 

sporting shotguns 2009 19 

from the United States 2000 2003 106 


value 2002 2005 106 

value 2003 2006 75 

legal transfers, classification of 2001 142 


policing 2004 218 


production 


licensed 2002 45, 2007 15, 2007 18 


manufacturing sectors 2005 46, 2005 52, 2005 61 



stockpiles 2003 88, 2003 89 

military stockpiles 2006 43, 2006 44, 2006 46 

thefts from 2002 259 

state stockpiles 2004 284 

stolen firearms 2004 61, 2004 62, 2004 63, 2004 286 

theft 

of civilian weapons 2008 63, 2008 65 

from gun shops 2008 64 

from military stockpiles 2002 259 

of M-72 LAW rocket launchers 2008 49, 2008 51, 2008 52 

24

violence and crime 2004 179, 2004 295 

weapons collection and destruction programmes 2009 166, 2009 167–9 

weapons reduction programmes 2003 280 

collection and destruction programme 1997–1998 2002 73, 2002 74 

crime reduction 2002 283, 2002 302 

disarmament 2005 74–6 

disposal programme 2002 311, 2004 57, 2004 58 


Australian Defence Industries (ADI) 2001 45, 2002 12, 2002 45 

licensed production 2007 11, 2007 18 

Austria 

ammunition, transfers, transparency 2010 11 

arms industry 2009 68 

brokering 2004 156, 2004 157, 2004 161 

civilian ownership 

controls on 2002 264, 2002 265 


stockpiles 2001 85, 2003 64 


end-user certification 2008 164–5, 2008 171–3 

export controls 

enforcement 2009 86 

licensing authorities 2009 88 

licensing systems 2009 70, 2009 73 

re-export provisions 2009 83 

transfer criteria 2009 92, 2009 95, 2009 96 

exports 

alleged arms embargo violations 2002 133 




Comtrade data 2009 8, 2009 10, 2009 12 

human rights 2004 128, 2004 129, 2004 130, 2004 131, 2004 132 

to Iran 2009 96 


2007 104, 2007 105, 2007 107 

list of importers 2005 107, 2005 108, 2005 109, 2006 75–8 

military firearms 2001 147, 2009 38 

national reporting 2001 149, 2002 117–18, 2002 120 

pistols and revolvers 2001 147, 2009 20, 2009 21, 2009 40, 2009 41, 2009 42, 2009 43 

sporting and hunting shotguns and rifles 2009 46 

sporting rifles 2002 114 

top exporters 2004 2007 74 

transparency 2004 117, 2005 112, 2006 81, 2007 88, 2007 94–7, 2009 50, 2010 16 

to the United States 2003 103–4, 2004 124, 2009 21 

value 2000 2003 103 

value 2001 2004 101, 2004 103 

value 2002 2005 102 

25

value 2003 2006 68 

to Venezuela 2007 81 

firearm homicides and suicides 2001 209, 2001 240 

imports 

list of exporters 2005 103, 2006 70, 2006 71, 2006 73 

from the United States 2003 106 

value 2000 2003 103 


value 2002 2005 106 

value 2003 2006 75 

production 

exports to the United States 1991-96 2001 27 

global ranking of countries 2001 15, 2001 16 

licensed 2002 45, 2007 15 



most important companies 2002 20, 2002 21 

most popular small arms 2001 18, 2001 20 

survey of producers 2001 31, 2001 52, 2002 30–1, 2002 57 

transportation, customs regulations 2010 57 

authorization documentation, brokers 2001 100 

authorized transfers, definition 2007 74, 2010 9 

Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia (United Self-Defence Forces of Colombia) (AUC) 

amnesty 2006 263 


command and control 2006 221 

conflict sourcing 2005 161–3 

conflict use of weapons 2005 194, 2006 226 

criminalization 2010 271 

firearms 2010 122 

illicit transfers to 2003 116, 2004 130, 2006 85 

insecurity 2006 217 

stockpiles 2002 83, 2003 87, 2006 221 

automatic grenade launchers 2008 24–5 

automatic rifles 

see also AK series; assault rifles 



crime, Brazil 2001 23 


exports, to Nepal 2003 113 


police arming 2010 114 

production, global 2001 62 

stockpiles 


military 2006 37, 2006 54, 2006 55–6 

police 2001 69–70, 2006 42–3 

26

transfer of military firearms to civilian ownership 2007 61 

Yemen 2003 175 

Automatic Systems Scientific Research Institute (Georgia) 2003 48 

availability 



armed conflict 2005 179, 2005 180–1, 2005 182–7, 2005 200 

Brazil 2007 233, 2007 235, 2007 245 

Central African Republic 2005 304–13 

demand for small arms 2006 144, 2006 149, 2006 150, 2006 156 

Georgia 2003 196–205, 2003 207–10 

human development effects 2003 125–59 



post-conflict 2005 274–5 

Republic of the Congo 2003 258–69 

urban armed violence 2007 161, 2007 169, 2007 181 

weapons prices 2007 269–71 

averting behaviour, costs of small arms violence 2006 192 

AVPP see Armed Violence Prevention Programme 

Awakening Councils (Iraq), firearms 2010 122 

awareness campaigns see public awareness 

Aweys, Sheikh Hassan Dahir 2007 93 

Azerbaijan 

displaced persons 2002 196 



B2 Group 2004 107 

B-10 82 mm recoilless gun 2006 283–4 

Backer, Berit 2005 214 

al-Badr, Muhammed 2003 170 

Badr Organization, firearms 2010 122 

BAE Systems (United Kingdom) 2001 33, 2002 12, 2002 39–40 

Baghdad (Iraq), urban political armed violence 2007 173 

Bahamas 




Bahrain 

imports 2005 106, 2006 74 

non-state actors, foreign government support for 2002 130 


stockpiles 2005 86, 2005 88, 2005 89 



Bakaraaha Arms Market (Mogadishu) 2007 94 

Bakassi Boys (Nigeria) 2006 249, 2006 251, 2007 171, 2010 266 

27

Bakri, Imad 2001 118, 2001 119 

Balawas 2005 308, 2005 312 

Balkans 

effects of small arms 2001 200–1 

illicit transfers 2001 176–7, 2003 71–2 

survey of producers 2001 30, 2001 36–8 

weapons collection programmes 2002 290–1 

ballistics 2001 212, 2001 240, 2005 23 

Bamako Declaration see Organization of African Unity 

banditry 

Cameroon 2004 193, 2004 194–5, 2004 196 

Chad 2005 317 





Bangladesh 

black market 

prices for AK47 rifle 2002 66 

transit countries 2002 143–5 

effects of small arms violence 2004 191 

exports 

military firearms 2009 33, 2009 35 


illicit transfers from 2001 181–2, 2002 143–5 

to NSAs 2002 129 




production 2001 16, 2001 52, 2002 57 

licensed 2007 15, 2007 19 


transfers, to Côte d’Ivoire 2009 37 

urban areas, slums 2007 169 

Barbados 




Barranquilla (Colombia), firearm-related deaths 2006 229 

Barrett Firearms Manufacturing Inc. (United States) 2004 11, 2004 27, 2004 30, 2005 52 

Barrett M82 anti-materiel rifle 2008 22 

Barrio Azteca gang (Texas) 2010 157, 2010 161, 2010 162 

Barrio de Paz (Guayaquil, Ecuador) 2010 218–20, 2010 223 

basic needs 

indicators 2002 159 

long-term effects of insecurity 2002 171–3 

Basij militia (Iran) 2010 264 

Basque Homeland and Freedom see Euskadi Ta Askatasuna 

28

BATF see Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms 

Batori Epszol (Hungary) 2001 37 

battlefield seizures 2002 129, 2002 138–9 

Bayart, Jean-François 2004 193 

bayonets 2004 107–8 

Bazooka 2008 25 

beanbags 2005 16 

BED see Special Disarmament Brigades 

behaviour 

norms 2003 220–1 

problems, risk factors 2008 254 

Beja Congress (South Sudan) 2007 320 

Belarus 




exports 2001 148, 2009 8 

classification 2004 108 

government reporting 2003 98 

human rights 2004 129, 2004 132 

undocumented 2009 31 

illicit transfers, alleged arms embargo violations 2002 132 


production 



survey of producers 2001 30, 2001 34, 2001 52, 2002 57, 2003 38, 2003 48 

Belfast Agreement (1998) 2003 72, 2007 44 

Belfast (Northern Ireland), young men and small arms 2006 305 

Belgium 


brokering 2001 106, 2004 156, 2004 157, 2004 159, 2004 161, 2004 164 

crime, age and gender 2006 296–7 

end-user certification 2008 165, 2008 171–3 



exceptions 2009 79 



pre-licensing requirements 2009 76 


exports 





to Colombia 2006 236 

Comtrade data 2009 8, 2009 10, 2009 12 

29


human rights 2004 125, 2004 129, 2004 130, 2004 132 

irresponsible transfers from 2007 99, 2007 100, 2007 101, 2007 103, 2007 105, 2007 106 

list of importers 2005 107, 2005 108, 2006 75–8 



national reporting 2001 147, 2001 149, 2002 118, 2002 120, 2002 122 

to Nepal 2003 113 

non-military shotguns 2002 114 

pistols and revolvers 2009 21, 2009 42, 2009 43 

share of total 2001 144 

sporting and hunting shotguns and rifles 2009 18, 2009 45 



transparency 2004 117, 2005 112, 2006 78, 2006 81, 2007 89, 2009 49, 2010 15 


value 2000 2003 103, 2003 104 

value 2001 2004 100, 2004 101, 2004 103 

value 2002 2005 97, 2005 98, 2005 100, 2005 102 

value 2003 2006 65, 2006 68–9 


French–Belgian initiative on air transport control 2010 46–7, 2010 48–9, 2010 62 

illicit transfers from, alleged arms embargo violations 2002 132, 2002 133 

imports 


Comtrade data 2009 12 



pistols and revolvers 2009 22 

shotgun shells 2010 25 


from the United States 2001 154, 2003 106, 2004 120–1 

value 2000 2003 103 


value 2002 2005 106 

value 2003 2006 75 

International Tracing Instrument 2006 99 


production 


exports to the United States 2001 27 



licensed 2007 15, 2007 16, 2007 19, 2007 29 




most important companies 2002 20, 2002 21, 2003 15 

30

most popular small arms 2001 18, 2001 19, 2001 20 


Uzi sub-machine gun 2001 19 

stockpiles 

civilian holdings 2001 85, 2001 239, 2003 64 



police 2001 69, 2001 70, 2005 78, 2006 40 

transportation 

customs regulations 2010 57 

licensing 2010 53 


Belgium, John 2007 324 

Belize 

brokers 2001 105 


Inter-American Convention 2001 256 


DDR and weapons reduction 2005 290 

gangs 

gun ownership 2010 112, 2010 113 

membership 2010 106, 2010 107 


police, shootings by 2004 234 

Benelli Armi (Italy) 2001 32 

Benelli (Italy) 2002 36 

Benin 2004 113, 2004 152 

Beretta (Italy) 

acquisitions 1995–1999 2002 12 

company profile 2000 2002 36–7 

exports, government data 2001 150 


illicit weapons, seized in Brazil 2001 23 

licensed production 2001 30, 2002 45, 2007 10, 2007 30 

M-9 pistol, production for US military 1970–1999 2001 13 

major producers by weapon type 2004 27 


most important companies 2003 15 

most popular handguns 2001 18, 2001 20 

sub-machine guns 2004 31 

survey of producers 2001 32 

Beretta US Corporation (United States) 

company profile 2000 2002 29, 2002 37 

financial indicators 1998–2000 2002 28 

illicit weapons, seized in Brazil 2001 23 

licensed production 2001 30, 2007 10 

M-9 pistol, production for US military 1970–1999 2001 13 


31

survey of producers 2001 26, 2001 32 

Berisha, Sali 2001 200 

Berlin (Germany), Turkish gangs 2010 233 

Berman, Eric 2002 289–90 

Bernstrup, Tobias 2005 146 

Bersa S.A. (Argentina) 2001 28, 2004 20, 2004 123, 2005 54 

besa (solidarity or trust) 2005 208, 2005 211–12, 2005 216–17, 2005 219–20 

Bester, Willie 2005 147 

BGF see Black Guerilla Family 

Bhutan 2002 147, 2005 104 

BICC see Bonn International Center for Conversion 

Bicesse Accords (1992) 2003 305, 2005 192 

Biennial Meetings of States (BMS) see United Nations (UN), Biennial Meetings of States 

‘big men’, young men and small arms 2006 305, 2006 316 

bilateral agreements 

humanitarian norms 2010 312 


bin Laden, Osama 2009 288 

illicit arms for Algeria 2001 171 

Biting the Bullet (BtB) project 2004 2, 2007 129, 2008 128, 2008 142 

Consultative Group Process 2004 252 

report 2003 2004 259–62 

UN Small Arms Conference, marking and tracing 2002 247 

Bizon-2 sub-machine gun 2002 25, 2007 24 

Black Guerilla Family (BGF) (United States) 2010 160–1 

black market 

see also illicit transfers; smuggling; trafficking 

AK-47 2001 17 

Albania, looted military weapons 1997 2001 200–1 

Balkans 2001 176–7 

brokers 2001 95, 2001 97, 2001 101–2 

Central America 2001 188–9 

characteristics of 2001 190 

defining illicit transfers 2001 165–6, 2001 167 

definition 2001 141, 2007 74 

destination countries 2002 141–2 


marking 2002 244–5 

prices 

AK-47 rifles 2002 66–7 

as an indicator of stockpiles 2002 65–6 

M16 rifle 2002 66, 2002 67 

source countries 2002 141–2 

Thailand 2002 109, 2002 142–3 

thefts from state arsenals 2002 137 

transfers to non-state actors 2007 133 


value and volume 2001 167–8 

32

Black Sea Arms Project 2003 32 

Blanc International (United States) 2007 82 

Bleach, Peter 2001 113 

blood feuds, Kosovo 2005 211–12, 2005 214, 2005 216–17 

blood money, Yemen 2003 181, 2003 183–5 

Bloomfield, Lincoln 2004 58 

Blowpipe 2003 76, 2004 82, 2004 84, 2004 85 

Blue Lantern end-use monitoring programme (United States) 2008 129, 2008 137, 2008 170 

blunt object injuries, Burundi 2007 213, 2007 214 

BMS see United Nations (UN), Biennial Meetings of States 

BOF (Bangladesh), licensed production 2007 19 

Bofors Carl Gustav (Sweden), licensed production 2007 18 

Bogotá (Colombia) 

control measures 2006 215, 2006 230–3, 2006 234 

costs of small arms violence 2006 190, 2006 200, 2006 202–7 

firearm-related deaths 2006 229 


violence, urban armed violence 2007 179, 2007 183, 2007 185 

Bokassa, Jean-Bédel 2005 303, 2005 314, 2005 315 

Bol Kong, Peter 2007 334, 2007 335, 2007 336 

Bolide High Velocity Missile 2008 17 

Bolivia 




destruction programmes, MANPADS 2008 101, 2008 102 

illicit transfers from, to Brazil 2007 306 


imports, military firearms 2002 116 


pro-government armed groups 2010 266–7 

production 


survey of producers 2001 28, 2001 52, 2002 57, 2004 18, 2004 21 

stockpiles 2004 51, 2004 52 

surplus weapons 2008 84 

Bolivian Liberation Front 2010 266–7 

bolt-action rifles see single-shot rifles 

Bolton, John 2002 218, 2002 219, 2002 224–5 

Bombayeke, General 2005 312, 2005 315 

bombs see explosives 

Bonn Agreement, Afghanistan 2009 292, 2009 306 

Bonn International Center for Conversion (BICC) 2002 243 

Bonn-Berlin process 2004 270 

Bor Dinka 2007 326 

border porousness, prices 2002 67, 2007 263, 2007 264, 2007 266–7, 2007 271 

border wars, Yemen 2003 170 

border-control personnel, stockpiles 2006 43 

33

Bosnia 

see also Bosnia and Herzegovina 


disarmament 2003 297, 2003 299 


illicit transfers from, to Azerbaijan 2001 180 

peace agreements, disarmament 2003 286 

sexual violence 2002 172 

Bosnia and Herzegovina 

see also Bosnia 

ammunition 

stockpiles 2008 91, 2008 93 

transfers, transparency 2010 11 

conflict 

deaths 2005 229, 2005 234 


sexual assault during 2001 213 

DDR programmes 2009 184 




disarmament and weapons reduction programmes 2001 177, 2002 302, 2005 290, 2005 292 

as part of peace process 2003 281, 2003 283, 2003 286, 2003 292, 2003 293 

diversion of arms from 2008 122 

export controls, licensing authorities 2009 86 

exports 

to Iraq 2007 73, 2007 84–5 

irresponsible transfers from 2007 84–5, 2007 98, 2007 101, 2007 102, 2007 103, 2007 104, 

2007 105, 2007 106 


illicit transfers from 2003 111 


surplus military weapons 2001 177 

to West Africa 2003 119 


alleged embargo violations 2002 132, 2002 133 

border seizures 2005 114 

imports, from the United States 2001 154 




production 


survey of producers 2001 36–7, 2001 52, 2002 57, 2003 38, 2003 43 

stockpiles 

insurgents 2001 81 

military 2002 77, 2006 44, 2006 47 

surplus weapons, transferred to Afghanistan and Iraq 2008 79 

34

weapons records 2009 128 

Boston (United States), Gun Project 2006 148, 2006 155, 2006 312–13, 2007 181, 2008 286, 2010 

246 

Botswana 

civilian firearms 2007 172 

regional norms 2003 239, 2003 241 

crime, carjackings 2007 172 


firearm violence and crime 2004 193 

imports 




Bouenza (Republic of the Congo), militia holdings 2003 267–8 

Bougainville 

ammunition 


use of expanding bullets 2005 22–3 


costs of firearm misuse 2004 5, 2004 293–7 

DDR and weapons reduction programmes 2005 290 

disposal programmes 2004 277, 2004 296–7 

peace process 2003 280, 2003 282, 2003 288, 2003 293, 2003 302–3 

illicit craft production 2003 35 

leakage 2004 287, 2004 288, 2004 289 

Bougainville Resistance Forces 2003 35 

Bougainville Revolutionary Army (BRA) 2003 35 

Bourterse, Desi 2001 187–8 

Bout, Viktor 2001 114, 2001 119, 2001 121–3, 2008 117, 2008 120, 2008 135 

Bouteflika, President Abdelaziz 2007 77 

Boutros-Ghali, Boutros 

global measures 2001 276 

micro-disarmament 2002 282, 2008 8 

peacekeeping and disarmament 2005 285 

sovereignty 2002 177 

Supplement to An Agenda for Peace, sanctions 2004 270 

Bowling for Columbine 2005 21 

Bozizé, General François 2005 303–9, 2005 310–11, 2005 315, 2005 316, 2005 320 

BRA see Aceh, Badan Reintegrasi-Damai Aceh 

Brahimi Report (2000) 2003 296, 2003 311, 2005 285, 2005 287 

Brasilia Declaration (2000) 2002 212 

Bratton, William 2007 184 

Brazil 

ammunition 

calibres 2008 45, 2008 46 

control measures 2005 22, 2005 26, 2005 27 

diversions of 2007 289–90, 2007 301–11 


35

conflict, firearm homicides and suicides 2001 211 


ammunition 2005 22, 2005 26, 2005 27 


civilian ownership 2002 268, 2004 43, 2004 69–71, 2004 72 

gun buy-back programme 2006 141, 2006 145, 2006 157, 2006 158 



NGOs 2002 243 

norms 2003 234 

Statute of Disarmament 2003 2005 27 

UN Firearms Protocol 2002 241 

UN Small Arms Conference 2002 228 


crime 2006 83, 2007 241–2 

ammunition 2007 289–90, 2007 301–11 

civilian ownership 2002 268 



weapons used in 2001 22–3 

demand for small arms 

control measures 2006 141, 2006 145, 2006 157, 2006 158 

cost/benefit of illicit possession 2006 154–5 

individual status 2006 152 

personal security 2006 149 

social and economic security 2006 152 

disarmament 2009 162, 2009 166, 2009 169–71 

drug trade 2005 195 






transfer criteria 2009 91, 2009 92 

exports 

1989–2000 2002 125 

ammunition 2007 306, 2007 308, 2009 15 



to Colombia 2005 161, 2005 163, 2006 236 

Comtrade data 2009 8, 2009 10, 2009 12 


government report 2001 149 

human rights 2004 128, 2004 129, 2004 130, 2004 131 

irresponsible transfers from 2007 81, 2007 98, 2007 99, 2007 101, 2007 102, 2007 103, 2007 

104, 2007 107 

list of importers 2005 107, 2005 108, 2005 109, 2006 75, 2006 77, 2006 78 

national reporting 2002 124–5 

36


pistols and revolvers 2009 20, 2009 21, 2009 28, 2009 41, 2009 42, 2009 43 

producer dependence on 2004 122–3 



sporting and hunting shotguns and rifles 2009 18, 2009 45, 2009 47 



transparency 2004 116, 2004 117, 2005 112, 2006 81, 2007 89, 2007 94–7, 2009 50, 2010 16 

trends 2000 2003 114 

to the United States 2001 27, 2009 21 

value 2001 2004 100, 2004 101, 2004 102, 2004 103 

value 2002 2005 97, 2005 98, 2005 100, 2005 102 

value 2003 2006 65, 2006 68, 2006 69 

firearm homicides 2009 170–1 

firearm homicides and suicides 2007 230–47 

1997 2001 222 

1998 2001 201, 2001 208, 2001 209, 2001 240 

conflict 2001 211 

correlation to city size 2007 165–7 

gun buy-back programmes 2006 141, 2006 145 


unemployment 2003 138 


gang violence 2009 211 

illicit transfers from 

to Colombia 2001 187–8 

weapons produced under license 2007 30 



from Paraguay 2001 186, 2005 26 

imports 


irresponsible transfers to 2007 98–9 


from South Africa 2006 72 

from the United States 2001 154, 2009 44 


value 2002 2005 106 

MANPADS 2005 136–7 

policing 2004 232, 2004 233 

urban armed violence 2007 184 

prices 

black-market prices for M16 rifle 2002 67 

Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 262, 2007 274 

prison gangs 2010 167–72 


production 

37

ammunition 2001 15 

exports to the United States 2001 27 



licensed 2002 45, 2002 51, 2007 15, 2007 18, 2007 30 



manufacturing sectors 2005 54, 2005 55, 2005 57, 2005 61, 2005 64 



survey of producers 2001 28–30, 2001 52, 2002 32, 2002 57, 2004 11, 2004 17, 2004 18, 

2004 21–2 

stockpiles 2003 87, 2004 51 

civilian holdings 2001 86, 2005 74, 2007 47–8 


correlation to GDP 2007 57, 2007 58 

estimates based on GDP 2007 59 

violence 2007 228, 2007 233, 2007 235 

diversions from the military and police 2007 289–90, 2007 301–11 

illicit weapons 2001 22–3, 2004 52, 2006 84, 2006 86 

lethality 2004 53, 2004 54 

military 2005 77, 2006 48, 2006 57 

unregistered weapons 2004 52 


violence 2007 227–52 

costs of violence 2001 217 

drug-related violence 2001 221 

urban armed violence 2001 222 


municipal violence prevention programmes 2007 178 


Rio-São Paulo Extended Metropolitan Region 2007 169 


weapons reduction programmes 

buy-back programmes 2002–2005 2005 74 

civilian firearms, destruction programmes 2007 64, 2007 65 

destruction ceremony in Rio de Janeiro 2001 2002 74, 2002 279, 2002 284, 2002 302, 2003 

60, 2003 280 

disposal method 2002 311 

public perception 2005 75–6 


young men and small arms 2006 296, 2006 297, 2006 304, 2006 306, 2006 313–14 

Brazilian Army, diversions 2007 302–3, 2007 308–10 

Brazzaville (Republic of the Congo) 

conflict 1990s 2003 256–8 

government stockpiles 2003 259–60 

militia holdings 2003 260–2, 2003 267 

Bredenkamp, John 2001 109 

38

eech-loaders, Yemen 2003 173–4 

Bremen (Germany), gang violence 2010 136–7 

Bremer, Paul 2004 44 

bride price, Papua New Guinea 2006 180 

British Aerospace 2002 49 

British Virgin Islands, tax havens and brokers 2001 105 

Britzke, Peter 2001 117 

‘broken-window theory’ 2007 184 

brokering 

actors 2001 98–101 

analysis 2001 4, 2001 95–130, 2004 4, 2004 141–71 

arms transfers 2010 42 

Brazil 2004 70 

control measures 2002 236, 2002 252–8, 2002 271–2, 2009 141–2, 2010 44–6 

licensing 2004 147, 2004 149, 2004 153–7, 2004 161, 2004 166 

monitoring 2004 252–3, 2004 256, 2004 259 

national regulations 2004 151–66 

norms 2003 231 

OSCE Document on Small Arms and Light Weapons 2002 212 

regional control initiatives 2004 148–51 

registration of 2001 126 

Southern Africa 2001 262 


UN Programme of Action 2002 226 

UN Small Arms Conference (2001) 2001 282 

definitions of 2001 98, 2002 253, 2004 143 

illicit transfers 

alleged arms embargo violations 2001 2002 134 

Cold War grey market 2001 169 

to Colombia 2001 187 

to conflict zones 2005 159, 2005 168 

into the United States 2003 106 


insurgency weapons 2001 78–9 

irresponsible transfers 2007 73 

low black-market prices 2002 68 

networks 2001 105–6 

non-state actors and conflict goods 2002 140 

Republic of the Congo 2003 261 

stockpiles 2001 65 

security 2004 56 

Thailand as a transit country 2002 143 

transport agents 2001 110–23 

UN group of governmental experts on 2007 126 

Brown, Mark Malloch 2002 281 

Browning 1903 pistol 2007 204 

Browning Hi-Power 2002 45, 2004 34 

Browning Inc (United States) 2002 31 

39

Browning International (Belgium) 2002 31 

Browning M2 heavy machine gun 2001 19–21, 2001 26, 2002 84, 2002 86, 2003 23, 2004 32, 2004 

34, 2008 21 

licensed production 2007 18 

Browning S.A. (Belgium) 2002 31 

Browning Viana (Portugal) 2002 31 

BRR see Aceh, Badan Rekonstruksi dan Rehabilitasi 

Brügger and Thomet (Switzerland) 2002 39, 2002 51 

Brunei 



Brussels Region, exports 2006 69 

BtB see Biting the Bullet 

Buck Werke (Germany) 2001 32, 2002 12, 2002 34 

Buenos Aires (Argentina), urbanization 2007 168 

Bujumbura (Burundi) 2007 197–221 

Bulgaria 


brokering 

controls 2002 257 

extraterritorial jurisdiction 2004 159 

licensing 2004 153, 2004 154, 2004 155, 2004 156, 2004 157 

penalties 2004 161 

reporting obligations 2004 160 


disarmament 2009 162, 2009 179 

diversion of arms to Colombia 2008 122 

EU membership 2008 104 


end-user certification 2009 82 



licensing authorities 2009 87, 2009 88 


re-export provisions 2009 83, 2009 84 


exports 

to Africa 2001 170 



human rights 2004 129, 2004 132 

to India 2003 112 


to the Republic of the Congo 2003 261, 2003 263 

selected transfers 1999–2001 2002 147 

shotgun shell parts 2010 26 

transparency 2004 117, 2006 65, 2006 80, 2006 81, 2007 74, 2007 87, 2007 89, 2009 50, 

2010 13, 2010 16 

40

trends 2000 2003 108–9 

to Uganda 2007 293, 2007 294–5 


unofficial information on 2001 158 


value 2002 2005 100, 2005 102 

value 2003 2006 68, 2006 69 


alleged violations of arms embargoes 2002 132, 2002 134, 2002 136 

to the LTTE in Sri Lanka 2001 182 


to the RUF in Sierra Leone 2001 171, 2001 172 

to UNITA in Angola 2001 173, 2002 134, 2002 249, 2004 265, 2004 269 

MANPADS 2004 82, 2004 88, 2005 130–6, 2007 21 

NATO membership 2008 103 


production 

AK series rifle 2001 17 


licensed 2007 15, 2007 17, 2007 19, 2007 21, 2007 23–5 


MANPADS 2004 82, 2007 21 



RPG-7 2004 36 



unlicensed 2007 15, 2007 17, 2007 19, 2007 21, 2007 23–5 

stockpiles 

illicit arms 2005 114 





transfers, reporting of 2009 26 



licensing 2010 51, 2010 53 

record-keeping 2010 53 

weapons reduction programmes 2003 61, 2004 58, 2004 60, 2005 290 

Bulgarian State Arsenals, unlicensed production 2007 23–5 

bullet wounds, treatment of 2002 166 

bullets 

see also ammunition 

armour-piercing 2005 21–2 

expanding 2005 22–3 

lead-free 2005 17 

M16 2002 165 

41

marking 2005 28 

new technology 2005 16 


regulation 2005 21–3 

types 2005 10 

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (BATF) (United States) 2004 12, 2004 119 

ant trade into Mexico 2002 135 

civilian holdings in the United States 2003 61 

Firearms Manufacturing and Export Report (1998) 2001 26 

guns used in crimes 1999 2001 23–4 

US exports 2001 152–4 

US production 2000 2002 13–14 

US production 2001 13–14 

weapons prices 2007 260 

burglary 

see also theft 


Burkina Faso 



alleged arms embargo violations 2001 2002 132, 2002 134 

to armed groups in Côte d’Ivoire 2006 256 

to Liberia 2002 132, 2005 168 

to the RUF in Sierra Leone 2001 120–3, 2001 132, 2001 171, 2001 172, 2004 132 

to UNITA in Angola 2001 119, 2001 132, 2005 192 

imports, authorized transfers 1999–2002 2004 113 


Burma see Myanmar 

Burundi 2007 197–221 

ammunition availability 2005 19 

brokers, diamond trade conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo 2001 108 

civil war 2007 199–200 

civilian ownership 2007 171, 2007 172, 2007 215–18 

conflict 


conflict deaths 2001 210, 2005 252, 2005 253, 2005 258 

economic effects of 2001 231 

internally displaced persons 2001 225, 2002 196 

sexual assault during 2001 213 


DDR and weapons reduction 2005 289, 2005 290, 2009 184 


disarmament 2007 198, 2007 199, 2007 203–7 

illicit transfers to 2007 74, 2007 85–6 

imports 




42

post-conflict weapons collection 2009 123, 2009 124 

production, craft 2007 205 

restructuring the army and police 2007 207 

urban centres 2007 197–221 

weapons diverted from South Africa 2008 196–7, 2009 109 

Bush, George W. 

Nepal 2003 97 

war on terror 2003 60 

bush knives, Papua New Guinea 2006 170–1, 2006 172, 2006 174 

buy-back programmes 

Australia 2002 267–8 

Brazil 2006 141, 2006 145, 2006 157, 2006 158 

Haiti 2005 164, 2005 288 

history of weapons reduction programmes 2005 279 

incentives 2002 306, 2005 280, 2005 281 



Nicaragua 2002 292–4 

Papua New Guinea 2006 182–3 


Serbia 2002 290 

United Kingdom 2002 271 

United States 2007 188 

weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 282–3 

Buye 2007 337 

Buyoya, Pierre 2007 199, 2007 202 

C-7 assault rifle 2001 63 

C-75 Special Forces rifles 2002 38 

C-90 shoulder-fired rocket launchers 2002 71 

C2 Group of SALW 2004 107–8 

CAC see community arms collection 

caches 

Cambodia 2006 124, 2006 125 


Mozambique 2002 295 

CAFF see children associated with fighting forces 

Cali (Colombia) 





calibre 2005 11–12 

see also ammunition 

military and civilian compatibility 2008 45–6 


technological developments 2003 22, 2003 23, 2003 24 

Cambodia 2006 119–37 

43

ammunition availability 2005 18, 2005 19 


conflict 

conflict deaths 2005 253, 2005 258 


crime 2003 138 

culture of violence 2001 206 

destruction programmes 2002 296, 2006 119, 2006 123–5, 2007 65 


surplus weapons 2008 96, 2008 97, 2008 98 


disarmament and weapons collection programmes 2002 281, 2002 296, 2002 302, 2003 280, 

2003 292, 2003 299, 2003 310 

EU Joint Action 1998 2001 271 

gangs, suppression 2010 245 




to Myanmar 2004 131 




Thailand as a transit country 2002 142–3, 2004 88 

Khmer Rouge autonomy 2009 233, 2009 236 

military procurement 2006 16, 2006 30 


death and injury rates 2002 163, 2005 271–2 


production 


survey of producers 2001 52, 2002 57 



military 2006 44, 2006 51 



surplus weapons, flow to other countries 2002 99 

Cambodian People’s Armed Forces (CPAF) 2006 120, 2006 125, 2006 126 

Cambodian People’s Party (CPP) 2006 120–2 

Cameroon 

firearm violence and crime 2004 193, 2004 194–5, 2004 196 



privatized security 2003 140 

production 



Canada 

44




civilian ownership 2002 86, 2002 265, 2002 268–9 

draft ASEAN declaration on small arms 2002 215 

impact on crime and violence 2004 192 

national control of civilian ownership 2002 265, 2002 268–9 



registration of civilian firearms 2004 43, 2004 68–9 


UN Programme of Action 2002 210, 2002 222, 2002 223 

customs regulations 2010 56–7 

Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (DFAIT), ‘Human Security-Cities: 

Freedom from Fear in Urban Spaces’ 2007 180 



export controls 2009 67 

exceptions 2009 78, 2009 79 





exports 

ammunition 2009 14, 2009 15 








military firearms 2001 146, 2001 147, 2002 115, 2002 116, 2009 36 



non-military pistols and revolvers 2002 114 

pistols and revolvers 2001 147, 2009 20, 2009 21, 2009 42 

small arms as percentage of total arms 2001 144 



transparency 2004 117, 2005 112, 2006 81, 2007 88, 2009 50, 2010 15 



value 2002 2005 103 

value 2003 2006 69 

firearm homicides and suicides 

1998 2001 209, 2001 240 

and civilian ownership 1999 2001 203–4, 2001 239 

45

control measures 2004 68 



lethality of firearms 2004 187 

theft of firearms 2004 62 



border seizures 2005 114–15, 2005 116 


imports 

ammunition 2009 16, 2009 17 

Comtrade data 2009 8, 2009 12 


pistols and revolvers 2002 114, 2009 22 




trends 2000 2003 107–8 

from the United States 2001 154, 2003 106, 2004 120, 2004 121 


value 2002 2005 107 

value 2003 2006 75 

military procurement 2006 10–11, 2006 13, 2006 15, 2006 16, 2006 30 


production 


illicit 2001 45 

licensed 2002 45, 2007 15, 2007 18 




survey of producers 2001 25, 2001 27, 2001 52, 2002 57 

small arms per person 2008 87, 2008 88 

state-to-state transfers 2008 166 

stockpiles 

civilian holdings 2001 66–7, 2001 85, 2001 86–7, 2001 213, 2001 239, 2007 47–8 



distribution of firearms 2001 66–7 

lethality 2004 53 

military 2001 73, 2001 74, 2001 76, 2002 75, 2005 77, 2006 44, 2006 46, 2006 53 

weapons-to-troop ratio 2002 79 

stolen firearms 2004 61, 2004 62, 2004 63 


violence and crime 

costs of 2001 216–17, 2006 196, 2006 197–8, 2006 201 

International Crime Victim Surveys 2004 179 

theft of firearms 2004 62 

46

weapons reduction programmes 2004 57, 2004 58 


Canadian Arsenals (Canada) 2002 45 

Cape Town (South Africa) 

victimization rates 2007 173 

vigilantes 2007 183 

Cape Verde 2004 113 

firearms ownership 2007 172 


capture-recapture 2005 240 

captured weapons, Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 282, 2006 284–5, 2006 287 

CAR see Central African Republic 

Caracas (Venezuela) 

squatter settlements 2007 168 

urban armed violence 2007 173, 2007 186 

carbines 

Argentina 2001 29 



production 2001 29, 2004 29–30 

licensed and unlicensed 2007 18, 2007 20, 2007 21–3 

South America, seizures 2006 86 

US Army inventory 2001 2002 84 

Yemen 2003 174 

cargo restrictions, civil aviation 2010 59–60 

Caribbean 


firearm homicides 2004 175, 2004 176, 2004 177, 2004 178, 2004 199–200 





Carisma (Community Alliance for Renewal) (UK) 2008 234 

carjackings, Africa 2007 171, 2007 172 

Carl Gustaf recoilless rifle 2004 33, 2004 35, 2008 23 

Carl Walther (Germany) 2002 12, 2002 34 

carrying licences 2004 186 




cartridges, small-calibre, transfers 2010 18, 2010 21–4 

CASA see Co-ordinating Action on Small Arms 

Casamance Movement (Senegal) 2003 82 

cascading norms 2003 222 

cascading weapons 

Cold War 2001 168–9 

licensing agreements 2007 30, 2007 31 

military procurement 2006 25–6 

47

prices of weapons 2007 258 

CASE see Community Action Towards a Safer Environment 

caseless rounds 2003 25, 2005 16 

Cassese, Antonio 2004 181 

Castelo (Brazil) 2001 23 

Castro, Jaime 2006 230 

casualties 

see also civilian casualties; conflict deaths 

Congo-Brazzaville 2002 164 

humanitarian law 2001 223–4, 2002 179 

new wars 2002 175–6 

post-conflict 2005 268–9, 2005 271–4, 2005 275 

type of weapons used 2005 182–7 

‘casualty agnosticism’ 2005 234 

categories of weapons 2004 118 

Caton, Steven 2003 182 

cattle rustling 

effects of small arms misuse 2003 143, 2003 147 

Great Lakes and Horn of Africa 2001 262 


South Sudan 2007 289, 2007 327, 2007 334, 2007 337–8 

Uganda 2002 291, 2006 288 

CAVIM (Venezuela) 2002 45 

CBC see Companhia Brasileira de Cartuchos 

CCW see Certain Conventional Weapons 

CDC see Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 

CDF see Civil Defence Force 

CDS see Comité de suivi 

ceasefires 


immunization 2002 170 

CECORE see Center for Conflict Resolution 

CEE see central and eastern Europe 

Čekuolis, Dalius 2009 137, 2009 139–40 

celebratory fire 

Kosovo 2005 214, 2005 220, 2005 272 

Morocco 2005 86, 2005 87 

Cenrex (Poland) 2004 163 

Center for Conflict Resolution (CECORE) 2005 198 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (United States) 2005 242 

costs of small arms violence 2006 190, 2006 208 

Centrafrican Airlines 2008 117 

Central African Republic (CAR) 2005 303–27 

ammunition availability 2005 9, 2005 18–19 


armed violence in South Sudan 2007 317, 2007 320 

DDR and weapons reduction 2003 283, 2003 293, 2003 304, 2005 284, 2005 290, 2009 184 

firearm violence and crime 2004 194, 2004 195 

48

heads of state 2005 303 

illicit transfers from, to Liberia 2002 132 


Lord’s Resistance Army 2010 288–9 

peace operations, disarmament 2003 293 




stockpiles 

military 2005 77, 2006 44, 2006 51 



Central America 

conflict, economic effects of 2001 232 


OAS firearms instruments 2001 256–7 

disarmament and weapons collection 2002 292, 2003 292 

gangs 2008 290, 2010 138 




production 

distribution of producing companies 2001 10, 2003 12, 2003 14, 2004 10 



stockpiles 2003 88, 2003 90 


value 2000 2003 101 

violence, urban armed violence 2007 170–1 

Central Asia 


insurgents and other non-state combatants 1999 2001 79 


transfers 2003 100, 2003 111–12 

central and eastern Europe (CEE) 

civilian gun ownership 2003 69 


survey of producers 2003 36–49 

transfers 2003 97, 2003 108 

Central Europe 

see also central and eastern Europe (CEE) 



violence and crime 2004 176, 2004 178, 2004 179, 2004 200 

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (United States) 

brokers 2001 101, 2001 103 

illicit transfers from 2001 169, 2001 180–1 

to Somalia 2007 93–4 

49

Central Scientific Research Institute of Precision Construction (Russian Federation) 2001 33 

Centre des Blessés Légers (CBL) (Bujumbura, Burundi) 2007 210, 2007 212–14 

Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue 2004 259 

ceremonial rifles, police in Belgium 2001 69, 2001 70 

Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW) Treaty (1980) 2001 280 

Ceska Zbrojovka (Czech Republic) 2003 40 

Cetme assault rifle 2002 38 

CGP see Small Arms Consultative Group Process 

Chabal, Patrick 2004 193 

Chad 

armed violence in South Sudan 2007 317 

conflict, percentage of population killed in 2001 210 

Darfur conflict 2007 320 





to CAR 2005 313, 2005 315–17 

to Egypt 2001 171 

to Sudan 2007 92 

illicit transfers to, from Libya 2001 170 



chain of accountability, illicit transfers, brokers 2001 106–7 

Challenger Ammunition (Canada) 2001 27 

Channel Islands, arms trafficking and tax havens 2001 104–5 

Chávez, Hugo 2007 30, 2007 80–1 


Chechen rebels, guided light weapons holdings 2008 33 

Chechnya 



firearm-related deaths and injuries 2002 164 


from Georgia 2003 205 


imports 



MANPADS 2004 90, 2004 92 

stockpiles 

insurgents 2001 179, 2002 82, 2002 88, 2002 90 


checkpoints, municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 180 

Chicago Area Project 2010 238, 2010 244 

Chicago Convention see Convention on International Civil Aviation 

Chicago School, gang research 2010 233 

child mortality 2002 172–3 

50


see also children associated with fighting forces 


basic needs 2002 171–2 

Burundi 2007 203–4 

effects of small arms misuse 2003 131, 2003 146–7 

girls 2010 195 

global estimates 2002 64 

impacts of violence 2009 196, 2009 197 

microeconomic effects 2001 229 

children 

see also child soldiers; children associated with fighting forces; youth 

definition 2009 194 

demand for small arms 2006 143 

effects of small arms misuse 2003 146–7 

impacts of armed violence 2009 193–212 

death and injury 2009 195–8 

displacement 2009 201–3 

education impacts 2009 203–5 

health impacts 2009 205–7 

indirect impacts 2009 199–207 

parents killed or injured 2009 200–1 

psychosocial trauma 2009 198–9 

international protection measures 2009 207–9 


post-conflict reintegration 2009 210–11 

protection against conflict 2010 309–10 

UN Programme of Action 2002 209, 2002 221 

victimization, Turkey 2008 247 

violence risk factors 2008 252–3 

children associated with fighting forces (CAFF) 

Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 273, 2006 275, 2006 277, 2006 280–1 

West Africa 2006 251, 2006 266 

Children’s Campaign against Gun Violence (Philadelphia, United States) 2007 185 

Chile 




drug trafficking 2006 85 

exports 


customs data 1999 2002 116–17 

list of importers 2005 108 


trends 2000 2003 114 

firearm homicides 2003 138 

illicit transfers to 2001 185, 2006 83 

imports 

51


customs data 1999 2002 116–17 

irresponsible transfers from, to Brazil 2007 98 


production 


illicit craft production 2003 28–9 





survey of producers 2001 28, 2001 30, 2001 52, 2002 57, 2004 17, 2004 18, 2004 22–3 

stockpiles 2004 51, 2004 52, 2004 53 

civilian holdings 2001 84, 2003 28–9 


seizures of illicit weapons 2006 84, 2006 85, 2006 86 


Chin National Front (CNF) (Myanmar) 

humanitarian commitments 2010 310, 2010 316 

weapon-related commitments 2010 317 

China 





marking and tracing 2002 223, 2002 226, 2002 240–1 



UN Firearms Protocol 2002 240–1 

UN Programme of Action 2002 221, 2002 223, 2002 226, 2002 240–1 


diversion, weapons from 2008 121 






transfer criteria 2009 91, 2009 92, 2009 95, 2009 96 

exports 

to Africa 2001 170, 2003 118 

ammunition, to Uganda 2007 293, 2007 294–6, 2007 297, 2007 299 


C2 Group 2004 108 

to Central African Republic 2005 316 

Comtrade data 2009 8, 2009 10, 2009 27 


human rights 2004 126, 2004 128, 2004 130, 2004 131, 2004 133 


52

2007 107 

list of importers 2005 108, 2006 77 

military firearms 2001 146, 2001 147, 2002 115, 2002 116, 2009 33, 2009 34 

military small arms and light weapons 2009 23, 2009 24 

muzzle-loading firearms 2002 114 

national reporting 2002 124, 2003 100–1 

pistols and revolvers 2001 147, 2009 21 










value 2002 2005 97, 2005 98, 2005 100, 2005 101, 2005 103 

value 2003 2006 65, 2006 68, 2006 69 

to Zimbabwe 2009 96 

gang violence 2010 143 


to the Democratic Republic of the Congo 2001 108 

to Iraq 2002 132 

to Liberia 2005 168 


to Rwanda 2002 132 

to Sudanese Government 2001 174 


to Yemen 2003 175 


arms embargoes against 2002 133 

human rights 2004 128, 2004 129 


light weapons ammunition, exports 2010 32 

MANPADS 2004 88, 2004 93, 2004 94 





production 



company profiles 2002 22–3, 2002 55 

of copies 2001 12 


heavy machine guns 2008 21 

illegal 2002 96 

licensed 2007 15, 2007 16–17, 2007 18, 2007 19, 2007 21 

53


MANPADS 2004 81, 2004 82, 2007 21 

manufacturing sectors 2005 49, 2005 58, 2005 59, 2005 61 

most important companies 2002 20, 2002 21, 2003 14–15 


RPG-7 manufacture 2004 36 


survey of producers 2001 44–5, 2001 52, 2002 22–3, 2002 55, 2002 57 

transparency 2004 10 

unlicensed 2007 16–17, 2007 21 


stockpiles 2002 94–7, 2005 79–82, 2005 85 

civilian holdings 2001 85, 2001 86, 2002 96, 2007 47–9, 2007 62 

correlation to GDP 2007 57 

registration data 2007 50 

seizures of 2007 64 

data on 2003 86 


MANPADS 2004 83, 2004 84 

military 2002 94–5, 2006 56–7 

losses from 2006 38 

People’s War militaries 2002 77, 2006 48, 2006 49, 2006 52 

police 2002 95, 2006 42 

seizures of illegal firearms 2002 63, 2002 96–7 

transfers, undocumented 2009 31 

transportation, record-keeping 2010 53 

violence, municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 184 

weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 297, 2004 58, 2004 60, 2009 166 

China North Industries Group Corporation see Norinco 

China South Industries Group Corporation (CSG) (China) 2002 23 

Choal, Doyak 2007 335 

Christian Council of Mozambique 2002 243, 2002 294 

Christianity, Brazil 2007 228, 2007 233, 2007 236, 2007 245, 2007 246 

CIA see Central Intelligence Agency 

CICAD see Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission 

CICF see United Nations Centre for International Crime Prevention 

CIFTA see Convention against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Ammunition, 

Explosives, and Other Related Materials 

CIS see Commonwealth of Independent States 

cities 

see also urban areas 

conflict-resilient 2007 180 

failed 2007 176–8 

fragile 2007 176–8 

Citizen Security Committees (Honduras) 2001 257–8 

city webs 2007 169 

civil aviation 

cargo restrictions 2010 59–60 

54

customs clearance 2010 60 

registration of aircraft 2010 60 

regulations 2010 59–62 

safety and security measures 2010 61–2 

civil conflict see civil wars; internal conflict 

Civil Defence Force (CDF) (Sierra Leone) 2003 81, 2003 82, 2003 308, 2006 249 

civil law, Yemen 2003 170 

Civil Reserve Air Fleet (CRAF) (United States) 2004 91 

civil society 


African initiatives 2001 266 

Central America 2001 258 

global 2001 277–8 

Great Lakes and Horn of Africa regions 2001 265 

International Tracing Instrument 2006 96, 2006 97, 2006 98 


norms 2003 222, 2003 231 



West African Moratorium 2001 260 


monitoring 2004 257, 2004 258–62, 2004 271 


weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 284 

civil society experts, Third Biennial Meeting of States (BMS3) 2009 140 

civil unrest 



civil wars 

see also internal conflicts; intra-state conflicts 

availability of weapons 2007 269–71, 2007 281, 2007 282, 2007 283 

Burundi 2007 197–221 


definitions of armed conflict 2005 231 

demand, prices 2007 264 

disarmament 2003 277, 2003 297, 2003 298, 2003 304 

Georgia 2003 191–2, 2003 195–6 

Nepal 2003 113 

prices of weapons 2007 257, 2007 258, 2007 264, 2007 267, 2007 269–71, 2007 281, 2007 282, 

2007 283 

Sudan 2007 317, 2007 318, 2007 326 



Yemen 2003 170–1, 2003 175 

civil-military relations (CMR) 2003 153 

civilian casualties 

Abkhazia 2003 208–9 


55

disabilities 2002 164–5 

effects of armed conflict 2001 210–11 


humanitarian law 2001 223–4 

injuries and mortality 2002 163–6 

injury to killed ratio 2002 161 

lethality of firearms 2001 212 

Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 273, 2006 275, 2006 276, 2006 278–82 

mortality and injuries 2002 163–6 

strategic targets 2002 176 

West African armed groups 2006 252, 2006 257, 2006 263, 2006 265–6 

civilian firearms 


collection programmes 2009 161, 2009 164–77 

destruction programmes 2007 64–5 

gangs 2010 144–5 

global production 2000 2002 13–14, 2002 15 

lethality of 2007 63–4 

norms 2003 231 

ownership 2010 110–11, 2010 114–15 

power 2007 48 

production 2004 13–14, 2004 16–19, 2004 22 

Latin America 2004 50, 2004 51–4 

manufacturing sectors 2005 45–56 

sidearms 2004 28 

United States 2001 26 

Russian exports 2003 110–11 

technology 2003 21 

transfers 2002 113–15, 2003 102–3, 2003 104, 2003 105–6, 2003 110–11 

United States, imports 2003 105–6 

weapons transferred from government stocks, marking 2002 246 

civilian holdings 2001 83–9, 2007 39–66 

Africa 2003 80–6, 2004 198, 2007 171, 2007 172 

Argentina 2001 67, 2001 87 

Australia 2002 267–8, 2004 184–6, 2004 283, 2005 74–5 

Bangladesh 2002 102 

Botswana 2007 172 

Brazil 2001 86, 2004 52, 2005 74 


firearm-related deaths 2007 233, 2007 235, 2007 245 

violence 2007 228, 2007 233, 2007 235, 2007 245 

Burundi 2007 171, 2007 172, 2007 215–18 

Cambodia 2006 123–5, 2006 130 

Canada 2001 66–7, 2001 85, 2001 86–7, 2001 213, 2001 239, 2002 86 

Cape Verde 2007 172 


Central America 2003 90 

changing patterns of ownership 2007 63–4 

56

Chile 2003 28–9 

China 2002 94–7, 2003 86, 2005 82 

Colombia 2006 215, 2006 219–21 

control measures 2002 236, 2004 66–71, 2005 74–5 


deterrence 2004 182–6 

Ireland 2007 44 

marking and tracing 2002 244, 2006 103 

national controls 2002 263–71 

Southern Africa 2003 239–42 

UN Firearms Protocol 2002 238, 2002 241 

UN Programme of Action 2002 219–20, 2002 223–4 


Yemen 2007 45 

Czech Republic 2002 87 

data on 2001 59, 2007 49–60 

demand for small arms 2006 141–59, 2006 148 

Democratic Republic of the Congo 2007 171, 2007 172 

distribution 2001 65–8 

diversions from legal to illicit trade 2002 129 

East Africa 2003 84 

estimates 2001 2002 74, 2002 79–80 

Europe 2003 57, 2003 63–6, 2003 70–2 


France 2003 69–70 

gender 2001 213 

Germany 2003 69–70 

global 2007 39–40, 2007 43 

global distribution of small arms 2002 103 

illegal 2001 59, 2001 89 


stockpile estimates 2001 65, 2001 83–7 

India 2002 101, 2002 102 

Iraq 2004 3, 2004 44–50, 2004 47, 2005 73, 2005 90, 2005 91 


Israel 2003 77, 2003 78 

Jordan 2003 79 

Kosovo gun culture 2005 206–7, 2005 208–23 

Kyrgyzstan 2004 312–14, 2004 316 

Latin America 2004 17, 2004 50–4 

Lesotho 2007 172 

local arms races 2007 61–2 

methodology for estimating 2001 65 

Middle East 2005 90–1 

Morocco 2005 86, 2005 87–8 


Namibia 2007 172 

Nepal 2002 102 

57

New Zealand 2001 66, 2001 67 

Nigeria 2007 172 

Northeast Asia 2005 80, 2005 85 

Pacific 2003 88–9, 2004 277, 2004 282–3, 2004 286–7, 2004 300–1 

Pakistan 2002 100, 2002 102, 2003 33 


Philippines 2002 98–9, 2003 34–5, 2007 145 

Russia 2002 87 

self-defence 2004 174, 2004 181, 2004 198 

South Africa 2003 30–1, 2005 75, 2007 172 

South Sudan 2007 327, 2007 329, 2007 333–6 

Sri Lanka 2002 102, 2004 59 

stockpiles 


diversion 

high-order 2008 63–4 

low-order 2008 62–3 

South Africa 2008 187–9 

types 2008 46 

management and security 2002 258 

securing 2008 64–7 

Swaziland 2007 172 

Switzerland 2002 78, 2007 53, 2007 54–5 


thefts from 2002 137–8, 2004 60–5 

transfer of military firearms to 2007 60–1 

transfer to combatants 2007 60–1 


Turkey 2003 31–2 

Uganda 2006 287–8, 2007 172 

United Kingdom 2001 67–8, 2001 87, 2001 239, 2003 64, 2005 80 

United States 2001 65–6, 2005 75, 2007 46–8 

automatic rifles 2006 56 


police owned 2001 70 

September 11, 2001 2003 60, 2003 61 


unregistered, estimates of 2007 55–6 


weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 73, 2002 74, 2004 57 


operational assessment 2002 314–15 

post-conflict 2002 292–5, 2005 280 


Yemen 2002 91–2, 2003 79, 2003 169, 2003 177, 2007 45–6 

Zambia 2007 172 

Civilian Marksmanship Program (United States) 2002 86, 2007 61 

civilian service corps, post-conflict security 2009 233, 2009 235–6 

58

civilians 

see also civilian casualties 

armed groups in South Sudan 2007 320, 2007 333–6, 2007 338 


Geneva Conventions 2002 179 

humanitarian and human rights law 2002 179–81, 2010 306–10 

humanitarian impacts 2002 174–6 

markets 2003 29 

new wars 2002 174–6 

post-conflict violence 2005 269, 2005 271 

and pro-government armed groups 2010 268–9 

targeting by armed groups 2010 316–18 

as targets 2005 20 

clashes, Colombia 2006 223–4 

clientelism, Cambodia 2006 121–2, 2006 132, 2006 136 

CMR see civil-military relations 

CNC see Computer Numeric Control (CNC) 

CNDD-FDD see Conseil national pour la défense de la démocratie-Forces pour la défense de la 

démocratie 

CNDRR see Commission nationale chargée de la démobilisation, de la réinsertion et de la réintégration 

CNF see Chin National Front 

CNGN see Norinco 

co-operative conflict 2002 175 

Co-ordinating Action on Small Arms (CASA) 2003 152 

co-ordination processes, disarmament 2003 306–8 

Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers 2002 64, 2002 171, 2009 197, 2010 309, 2010 313 

Coast Guards, firearms stocks 2001 74 

Cobras (Republic of the Congo) 2003 256–8 

holdings 2003 260–2, 2003 264–5, 2003 267 

cocaine 

Brazil 2007 301, 2007 304–5 


Cocoyes (Republic of the Congo) 2003 256–8 

holdings 2003 260–1, 2003 264–5, 2003 267–8 

codes of conduct 

see also European Union (EU), Code of Conduct on Arms Exports 

exports 2002 182–3 

norms 2003 223 

regional norms 2003 236–7 



Yemeni tribal structure 2003 169, 2003 181 

coercion using weapons 

Cambodia 2006 130–1, 2006 133 

motivation for joining armed groups 2006 252 

coercive disarmament 2003 298–300, 2009 165, 2009 167 

municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 181, 2007 182–3 

COI see cost of illness 

59

Cold War 

data on small arms 2001 60 

end of 

arms brokering 2001 96–110 

conflict sourcing 2005 162, 2005 165, 2005 166 


ending of controls 2001 251–2 

globalization of small arms 2001 199 


new wars 2002 174 

producers in central and eastern Europe 2003 36–7 

surplus stocks 2001 76, 2001 97–8, 2002 84–5 


illicit transfers 2001 129 

military stockpiles 

Eastern Europe 2001 74–5 

weapon-to-troop ratios 2002 75 

production 

central and eastern Europe 2003 36 

patterns of 2001 12 

supply, weapons prices 2007 268 

Yemen 2003 175 

USS Cole 2003 170 

collective incentives, weapons collection 2002 306 

Colombe operations (Republic of the Congo) 2003 257 

Colombia 2006 215–41 

see also Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC) 

armed groups 2006 215–17, 2006 220–6, 2006 233–4 

amnesties for 2006 263 


attacks on teachers 2009 204 

black-market prices 2002 66, 2002 67, 2002 68 

conflict 

arms sourcing to 2005 160, 2005 161–3, 2005 165, 2005 172–3 


deaths 2005 248, 2005 249 

diaspora resources 2005 187 

incidents by municipality 2006 227 

internally displaced persons 2002 160, 2002 168, 2002 196 

new wars 2002 175 

control measures 2006 141, 2006 157, 2006 158, 2006 230–3 


municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 179, 2007 181, 2007 185, 2007 188 


DDR programmes 2006 233–4, 2009 181, 2009 184, 2009 187 



costs of possession 2006 155 

60

personal security 2006 149, 2006 151 

programmes targeting demand 2006 141, 2006 157, 2006 158 

relative value of firearms 2006 154 

diversion 

weapons from Bulgaria and Romania 2008 122 

weapons from Nicaragua 2008 121, 2008 124 

weapons from Peru 2008 113, 2008 120, 2008 123, 2008 134, 2008 136 


exports 2001 148 

firearm homicides and suicides 2002 164, 2006 215–17, 2006 227–33, 2006 236–41 

1998 2001 201, 2001 209, 2001 240 



unemployment 2003 138 

homicides 2009 228 

illicit transfers to 2003 116, 2004 130, 2005 162, 2005 163, 2006 83–4 

from Brazil 2007 29–30 



Peru scandal 1999 2001 187–9, 2006 85 

from Russian Federation 2001 178–9 

seizures 2006 85, 2006 86, 2006 87 

illicit transfers to Brazil 2007 306 

imports 



from the Czech Republic 2003 109 

human rights 2004 128, 2004 129–30 


list of exporters 2005 104, 2006 69, 2006 70, 2006 72, 2006 236 




value 2002 2005 102, 2005 107 

value 2003 2006 75 

Irish Republican Army 2003 285 


Medellín Plan Desarme 2008 292 



prices 2002 65, 2002 66, 2002 67, 2002 68, 2002 70 


prison gangs, firearms 2010 173 

pro-government armed groups 2010 271 

production 2006 217–21 


licensed 2007 11, 2007 15 


61

conflict 2007 49 

survey of producers 2001 52, 2002 57, 2004 18, 2004 23–4 


civilian holdings 2004 51, 2006 215, 2006 219–20, 2007 47–8 



distribution of firearms 2001 67, 2004 51 

insurgents 2001 80, 2002 81, 2002 82–3 


military 2006 219–20 

police 2006 219–20 

seizures of illicit weapons 2006 83–4, 2006 86 


unregistered guns 2004 52 


Third Biennial Meeting of States (BMS3) 2009 137 



violence and crime 2003 139, 2006 227–30 

costs of 2001 217, 2006 190, 2006 201, 2006 202–7 


drug trafficking 2001 178–9, 2006 83 

municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 179, 2007 181, 2007 185, 2007 188 

reduction programme 2008 275, 2008 292 

risk factors 2008 249 


weapon destruction programmes, civilian holdings 2007 65 

colonial administrations, Yemen 2003 173–4 

Colt’s Manufacturing (United States) 


exports to Nepal 2003 113 

financial indicators 2002 21, 2002 28 

illicit weapons seized in Brazil 2001 23 


Saudi Arabia 2002 18 


most popular hand guns 2001 20 


Columbine High School 2005 21 

Comando Vermelho (CV) gang (Rio de Janeiro) 2010 157, 2010 167–70, 2010 177 

Comapaore, Blaise 2001 120–3 

Comité de suivi (CDS) (Republic of the Congo) 2002 300–1, 2003 255, 2003 269 

command and control, armed groups 2005 190–1, 2005 194–5, 2005 196 

Colombian armed groups 2006 221 


West African armed groups 2006 252–3, 2006 265–6 

Commander Incentive Programme (Afghanistan) 2009 296 

Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice (CCPJ) (ECOSOC) 2001 277 

62

Commission nationale chargée de la démobilisation, de la réinsertion et de la réintégration (CNDRR) 

(Burundi) 2007 203 

Commission of Nobel Peace Laureates, Framework Convention on International Arms Transfer 2003 

225 

commodity traders 


supply networks 2001 116–23 

transport agents 2001 112 

commodity values, Republic of the Congo 2003 272 

Common List of Military Equipment (EU) 2004 155 

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 

Georgia 2003 202–3 

illicit transfers from 2001 169, 2001 175–6, 2001 177–80 


production 


distribution of producing companies 2001 10–11, 2002 12, 2003 12, 2003 14 

distribution of producing countries 2001 10–11, 2002 11, 2003 11 



survey of producers 2001 30–1, 2001 33–4 

communal conflicts 

decline 2003 63 


stockpiles 2001 78, 2003 57 

communal institutions, disarmament 2003 312 

communicative roles, deterrence in Yemen 2003 179 

communism 

Georgia 2003 195–6, 2003 197 

military stockpiles 2006 47–50, 2006 50 

Communist Party of Nepal 



community 

domestic violence attitudes 2008 260–1 


policing 2004 227–9 

risk and resilience factors 2008 229–30 

and violence 2008 228–36, 2008 240, 2008 256 

violence reduction efforts 2008 234, 2008 267, 2008 287–8, 2008 298 

Yemen 2003 169–70, 2003 178–86 

Community Action Towards a Safer Environment (CASE) (South Africa) 2010 239 

community arms collection (CAC) programmes, Sierra Leone 2002 290 

community incentives, weapons collection 2002 306 

community and informal justice, post-conflict 2009 228, 2009 230 

community militia, Afghanistan 2009 290–1 

community participation 


63

weapons collection 2002 299, 2002 313 

community security 2010 267 

community security mechanisms, post-conflict security 2009 233, 2009 238 

community-based policing, municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 180, 2007 184 

Comoros, post-conflict 2009 226 

Companhia Brasileira de Cartuchos (CBC) (Brazil) 2007 303, 2007 305–11 

exports 2004 123 


hunting rifles 2009 47 

survey of producers 2001 29–30, 2002 32, 2004 21, 2004 22 

Companhia de Explosivos Valparaiba (Brazil) 2001 29 

compensation 

customary law in Papua New Guinea 2006 179–80, 2006 182 

disarmament, Solomon Islands 2003 303 

Yemen 2003 181, 2003 183–5 

Complejo Quimico Industrial del Ejercito (CQIE) (Chile) 2001 30 

compliance-based approaches, municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 181, 2007 183–5 

components, manufacturing sectors 2005 44, 2005 45, 2005 46–7, 2005 49–51, 2005 58–62, 2005 63, 

2005 64 

Comprehensive Peace Agreement 2005 (CPA) (Sudan) 2007 317–20, 2007 321–2, 2007 327, 2007 

331–3, 2010 277, 2010 279–80, 2010 292–6 

Computer Numeric Control (CNC) machines 2005 49, 2005 54 

Comtech Mobile Data Corporation 2008 132 

Comtrade see United Nations (UN), Commodity Trade Statistics Database 

Condor SA Indústria Qúimica (Brazil) 2001 29 

confidence, weapons collection 2002 304 

confiscated weapons 

destruction, Cambodia 2006 124 

marking and tracing of 2006 107 

Philippines 2007 145 

thefts from stores of, Chile 2006 85 

confiscation programmes 

Cambodia 2002 296 

China 2002 297 

disposal of weapons 2002 310–11 

Pakistan, 2000–2001 2002 100 

conflict 

see also casualties; civil wars; civilian casualties; conflict deaths; internal conflict; intra-state 

conflict; post-conflict 

Afghanistan, stockpiles 2003 73–6 

ammunition availability 2005 18–20, 2005 30, 2005 31 

arms sourcing 2005 159–73 

battlefield seizures and war booty 2002 138–9 

Bougainville 2004 293–7 

brokers 2004 142 

Burundi 2007 197–221 

Cambodia 2006 120–2 

child health impacts 2009 205 

64

civilian casualties 2001 210–11 

Colombia 2006 216–17, 2006 219, 2006 222–7, 2006 234 

consequences of 2005 231 

costs of small arms violence 2006 190, 2006 192, 2006 193, 2006 194, 2006 195 

definitions of 2001 210, 2005 230–2 

demand for small arms 2006 143, 2006 145–8 

developing countries 2003 126–8 

disability-adjusted life years (DALY) 2002 162 

disarmament initiatives 2005 72–6 

distinguishing from post-conflict 2005 269–71 

economic effects 2001 229–32, 2002 174–5 

effect on prices 2002 67–8 


Fiji 2004 290–2 

gender of victims 2001 213 

Georgia 2003 191–6, 2003 205–7 

gun culture 2005 205–23, 2007 40 

human rights law 2002 164, 2002 179 

humanitarian impacts 2001 222–9, 2002 160–92 

humanitarian law, enforcement 2002 180 



importers 2006 74 


insurgent stockpiles 2002 80–3 

internal, humanitarian impacts 2002 173–6 

internal displacement 2001 224–5, 2002 167–70 

International Institute for Strategic Studies Armed Conflict Database 2007 76 

Iraq 2004 44–50 

irresponsible small arms transfers 2007 75–81, 2007 98–107 

link to crime, weapons collection 2002 295–7 


medical services 2002 166 


new humanitarianism 2002 184–6 

new wars 2002 173–6 

ongoing in 2004 2005 271 

Pacific 2003 35–6, 2004 290–6 

parties 2005 231 


post-conflict police reforms 2004 240–1 

prevention 2003 150–1 

purpose of 2002 175, 2005 231 


risk of, prices 2007 265, 2007 269–72 


South Sudan 2007 317–44 


65

tracing 2006 95, 2006 105, 2006 111 

urban political armed violence 2007 173 

urbanization and crime 2007 164 

variations in the use of small arms 2005 179–200 

West African armed groups 2006 247–67 

Yemen 2003 170–1, 2003 175 

conflict deaths 2002 160–7, 2005 229–59 

see also direct conflict deaths; indirect conflict deaths 

Abkhazia 2003 208–9 

Afghanistan 2009 289 

children and youth 2009 195–8 


datasets 2005 238–9 

death-injury ratio 2002 162 

effects 2001 210–12 

estimates 2001 210–12, 2004 175 

estimation techniques 2005 239–41 

global deaths 2002 157, 2002 160–1 

media reports 2005 235–8 

mortality data 2002 162 

official reports 2005 233–5 

post-conflict zones 2005 268–9 

role of small arms 2005 248–51 

Southern Lebanon 2009 325 

underreporting 2005 241–8 

conflict goods 2002 139–41, 2002 142, 2002 174, 2002 175 

conflict resolution 




Yemen 2003 182–5 

conflict tracing 


weapon identification 2009 109–22 

conflict trade 2002 139–41 

conflict weapons 

crime in Africa 2004 194–6 

Iraq 2004 3, 2004 43, 2004 44–50, 2004 54, 2004 71–2 

Kosovo 2004 197 

Pacific 2004 289, 2004 290–6 


conflict-resilient cities 2007 180 

Congo see Congo-Brazzaville; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Republic of the Congo; Zaire 

Congo-Brazzaville 

see also Republic of the Congo 

conflict 


death and injury rates 2002 163, 2002 164, 2005 252, 2005 253, 2005 258 

66


new wars 2002 175 

percentage of population killed in 2001 210 

exports, irresponsible transfers from 2007 99 



imports, irresponsible transfers to 2007 100 

UNITA 2005 192 

Congolese Rally for Democracy–Goma (RCD–Goma), firearms 2010 122 

Congo River 2003 270–1 

Conseil national pour la défense de la démocratie (CNDD) (Burundi) 2007 203, 2007 204 

Conseil national pour la défense de la démocratie-Forces pour la défense de la démocratie 

(CNDD-FDD) (Burundi) 2007 197, 2007 199, 2007 203 


ex-combatants 2007 218 

militias 2007 202, 2007 206 

restructuring of the army 2007 207 

consensual disarmament 2003 298–300 

Consent-to-Search programme (United States) 2006 311–12, 2007 181, 2008 283 

consignee, definition 2009 64 

Consolidated Appropriations Act (2004) (United States) 2004 12 

Constabulary military doctrine 2006 45, 2006 50–1 

constituency building, NGOs and control 2002 242 

consumerist militarism, culture of violence 2001 205 

Contact-Memory Buttons 2002 261 

Container Security Initiative (US Customs Service) 2003 107 

containment 

fragmentation of public space 2007 175–8 


Conté, President Lansana 2006 252 

Continental Aviation Company 2001 172 

contingent valuation (CV) surveys 2003 133, 2003 135 

Contras, illicit transfers to 2002 129 

Control Arms Campaign 2004 1, 2006 97, 2007 129 

control measures 2001 251–83, 2002 235–72 

see also international control measures; national control measures; regional control measures 

accessibility thesis 2001 202, 2004 182–6 

air cargo companies 2001 112–14 

ammunition 2005 9, 2005 10, 2005 20–31 

Argentina 2004 18–19 


Australia 2004 67, 2004 184–6, 2004 192, 2004 301, 2004 302, 2004 303 

Brazil 2003 87, 2006 141, 2006 145, 2006 157 

brokering 2001 96, 2002 236, 2002 252–8, 2002 271–2, 2004 141–66 

2001 update 2001 4, 2001 103–5, 2001 123–9, 2001 130 

loop-holes 2001 103–5 

national regulations 2004 151–66 

norms 2003 231 

67


regional control initiatives 2004 148–51 

Southern Africa 2001 262 




Cambodia 2006 119, 2006 123–30, 2006 134, 2006 136 

Canada 2004 43, 2004 68–9, 2004 192, 2006 197–8 


civilian ownership 


Germany 2007 51 


national control of 2002 222–5, 2002 263–71 

national firearms controls 2002 263–71, 2003 239–43 



Yemen 2007 45 

Colombia 2006 141, 2006 157, 2006 158, 2006 215–16, 2006 219, 2006 230–5 

crime control 2001 219–22 

demand for small arms 2006 141–3, 2006 145, 2006 148, 2006 150, 2006 158 

prices 2007 264, 2007 281, 2007 282 



effectiveness of legislation 2004 182, 2004 186 

end-use assurances 2002 248–52 

estimating private legal firearms 2001 84–6 

exports 2004 144, 2004 155, 2004 158 

accountability 2002 248 


of firepower 2005 184–5 

harmonization 2002 236 

human rights 2001 223 

illicit transfers, ‘ant trade’ 2001 168 

impact of 2004 184–6 


International Tracing Instrument 2006 95–114 

light weapons 2005 123–38 

MANPADS 2004 90–4 



municipal violence prevention programmes 2007 178–88 

NGOs 2002 242–3 

norms 2003 230–3 

Pacific 2004 300–3 



peace process 2003 278 

68

prices 2007 257, 2007 263, 2007 264, 2007 265, 2007 266–7, 2007 271, 2007 281, 2007 282 

production 2001 7–8, 2001 12, 2003 33 

licensed and unlicensed 2007 23–32 

social, Yemen 2003 169–70 


Southern Africa 2001 261–2, 2003 239–43 

stockpile management 2002 258–61 


tracing 2002 243–8, 2006 95–114 

transfers 

2006 UN Review Conference 2007 122–4 

international 2007 117–38, 2007 122–4, 2007 128–37 

irresponsible 2007 73 

licensing agreements 2007 26–31 

transport agents 2001 103–4, 2001 123–9, 2001 130 



United Kingdom 2004 67, 2004 188–9, 2004 192 


violence and crime 2004 182–6 

weapons management within armed groups 2006 257 

Yemen 2003 169–70, 2003 181–3, 2003 183–7, 2003 185–7 


Convention against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Ammunition, Explosives, 

and Other Related Materials (CIFTA) 2009 62, 2009 63 

Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago Convention) (1944) 2010 59–60 

Convention on the Marking of Plastic Explosives (1991) 2002 245 

Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel 

Mines and on Their Destruction (Ottawa Convention) (1997) 2002 179, 2002 205, 2004 261, 

2008 9, 2008 94–5, 2010 309, 2010 312 

Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) (1989) 2009 193, 2009 208, 2009 209 

Optional Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (2000) 2009 197, 2009 209 

Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) Treaty 2004 78, 2008 92 

Cook Islands 

civilian holdings 2004 283, 2004 302 

illicit weapons and trade 2004 285 



coping strategies, demand for small arms 2006 143 

corporate accountability, stockpiles 2003 58 

corporate social responsibility, licensed production 2007 27, 2007 31 

Correlates of War Project (CoW) 2005 231, 2005 238 

corruption 

Cambodia 2006 132–3, 2006 135 


policing 2004 196, 2004 233, 2006 148, 2006 151 


thefts from state arsenals 2002 137–8 

69

Uganda 2006 288 

West African armed groups 2006 255, 2006 259 

cost of illness (COI) method 2003 132–3 

cost-benefit analysis, disarmament programmes 2003 132–3, 2003 135 

Costa Rica 


Arias Code of Conduct 2001 257 

Framework Agreement for Democratic Security in Central America 2001 257 


transfers 2007 128 


economic effects of conflict 2001 232 

firearm homicides and suicides 2001 232, 2001 233, 2001 241 

gangs 



illicit transfers from, to Colombia 2004 130, 2005 162 

imports, from the United States 2000 2003 106 


costs 

of availability of small arms, for aid agencies 2001 233–4 

of control measures, Canada 2006 197–8 

of small arms crime 2004 199 

measuring 2004 191 

Pacific region 2004 290–6 

of small arms ownership, demand for small arms 2006 149, 2006 150, 2006 153–8 

of small arms violence 2001 3, 2001 4, 2001 216, 2006 189–211 

accounting framework 2003 132–3, 2003 135 

methods of calculating 2001 214 

treatment of injuries 2001 216–17 

typology 2006 190–5 

weapons prices 2007 263, 2007 265, 2007 266–9 

Côte d’Ivoire 

armed groups 

craft production 2006 255 

motivation for joining 2006 252 

sources of weapons 2006 254, 2006 255 


supply-side measures 2006 258 

transfers to 2006 256 

typology 2006 249 

child reintegration 2009 210 



DDR programmes 2006 259, 2006 262, 2009 184, 2009 187 

diversion of ammunition to Liberia 2008 121, 2008 123, 2008 126, 2008 129, 2008 134 


to Liberia 2002 132, 2005 169 

70

to the RUF in Sierra Leone 2001 171, 2001 172, 2004 131 

to UNITA in Angola 2002 132 


violations of end-user certificates 2002 134–5 

imports 2003 118, 2004 109, 2006 70, 2006 74 



non-state armed groups 



post-conflict outcome 2009 226 


transfers, from Bangladesh 2009 37 

country-to-country transactions 2003 101 

‘coup proofing’, Constabulary militaries 2006 50 

covert transfers 2007 74, 2007 76, 2007 90–4 

CoW see Correlates of War Project 

CPA see Comprehensive Peace Agreement 

CPAF see Cambodian People’s Armed Forces 

CPP see Cambodian People’s Party 

CQIE see Complejo Quimico Industrial del Ejercito 

craft production 2001 45–7, 2003 9–10, 2003 26–36, 2007 43 

Africa 2003 83, 2003 86 

ammunition 2005 10, 2005 15–16, 2005 18 

Brazil 2001 23, 2003 29 

Burundi 2007 204, 2007 205 

Chile 2003 28, 2006 85 


Colombia 2004 24, 2005 161–2, 2006 223 

definitions 2001 9, 2003 26, 2003 59–60, 2004 8 

Ecuador 2004 24 

Ghana 2003 29–30, 2006 258 

illicit transfers 2002 139 

Mali 2005 166 


Pacific region 2003 35–6, 2004 277, 2004 288 

Pakistan 2001 46–7, 2002 67, 2002 102, 2002 296–7, 2003 9, 2003 27, 2003 32–3 

Papua New Guinea 2006 175, 2006 176, 2006 177, 2006 178 

Philippines 2003 33–5, 2007 145 

repairs and sporadic production sector 2005 46–9 

South Africa 2001 22, 2001 45–6, 2003 30–1, 2003 31 

Turkey 2003 31–2 


CRC see Convention on the Rights of the Child 

crime 

see also gangs; organized crime; policing; theft; violence 

accessibility thesis 2004 182–6 

Africa 2004 192–9, 2007 171 

71

armed gang membership, effects of small arms misuse 2003 146 

armed groups 

long-term gain-seeking groups 2005 196 

UNITA 2005 192 

West African 2006 255 

ASEAN initiatives 2001 267 


black market 2001 167 

Brazil 2004 69–70, 2006 83, 2007 241–2, 2007 289–90, 2007 301–11 

diversions of ammunition 2007 289–90, 2007 301–11 



urbanization 2007 241–2 

weapons used in 2001 22–3 

brokering penalties 2004 160–2 

Burundi 2007 211–12 

Cambodia 2006 125–30, 2006 131–3, 2006 136 

Canada 2004 62, 2004 68 

cascaded military weapons 2002 175 


Chile, illicit craft production 2003 28–9 

Colombia 2006 217, 2006 227–30, 2006 234 

conflict, weapons collection 2002 295–7 

costs of violence 2001 4, 2001 216 


demand for small arms 2006 142–3, 2006 148, 2006 149–51 

prices 2007 265 

economic costs 2004 190 

effects of firearms small arms availability 2001 200–8, 2001 219–22, 2004 2, 2004 4, 2004 

173–211 

effects of small arms misuse 2001 214, 2003 131, 2003 136–40 

Europe 

border seizures 2005 116 



unregistered guns 2003 71–2 

Georgia 2003 202, 2003 206–7, 2003 208–9 

Germany 2007 51 

global norms 2003 229–30 

Honduras 2002 195 


Bangladesh as a transit country 2002 143 

Latin America 2001 185, 2003 116–17 

to Papua New Guinea 2001 184 

imitation guns 2003 59 

International Tracing Instrument 2006 103, 2006 105 

Interpol statistics 2003 158 

Iraq 2004 44, 2004 50 

72


Kyrgyzstan 2004 315–16 

Latin America and the Caribbean 2003 87, 2004 50, 2004 52, 2006 83 

monitoring 2004 255 

Morocco 2005 87 

Nicaragua 2002 195 

opportunity for gain from 2007 167, 2007 169 


Papua New Guinea 2006 165–6, 2006 168–75, 2006 184 


illicit craft production 2003 34, 2003 35 

police criminality 2004 233 

post-conflict 2002 292, 2005 271–4 

preferred types of small arms 2001 22 


risk of being caught 2007 167 

short-term gain-seeking groups 2005 192–3 

South Africa 2004 63, 2008 183, 2008 184–7, 2008 191–2, 2008 195 

South Sudan 2007 317, 2007 327–31 






theft of weapons from crime scenes 2006 39 

Turkey, illicit craft production 2003 31 

Uganda 2006 288 



United States 2001 23–4, 2003 18 

access to firearms 2008 284–7 

gun crime reduction 2008 287–8 

urban violence 2007 161, 2007 164–7, 2007 169–73 


using stolen firearms 2004 60–5 

weapon tracing 2009 121 

weapons collection programmes 2002 279, 2002 304–5, 2002 311, 2009 166 

conflict 2002 295–7 

crime prevention programmes 2002 282–3, 2002 307–10, 2004 190 


Yemen 2003 179–80, 2003 187 

young men and small arms 2006 296–7, 2006 307 

Crime Observatory (Jamaica) 2008 297 

crime prevention councils 2007 182 

crime-related violence, post-conflict 2009 228 

criminal law, Yemen 2003 170 

criminalization, transportation 2010 54 

Croatia 

73



conflict, homicide and suicides during 2001 211 

destruction programmes, surplus weapons 2008 97 


exports 


2007 106 


pistols and revolvers 2009 20, 2009 21, 2009 41, 2009 42 

transparency 2006 81, 2007 88, 2009 50, 2010 16 

to the United States 2003 39, 2009 21 

unofficial information 2001 158 

value 2003 2006 68, 2006 70 

value 2001 148 




to the KLA 2004 133 








production 

of copies 2001 12 








unlicensed production 2007 15, 2007 25 

weapons collection and destruction programmes 


Government peace-building 2001 2003 281, 2005 292 

peace operations 2003 293 

SEESAC 2002–2005 2005 290 

UNTAES peace-building 1996–1998 2001 177, 2002 290, 2002 302, 2003 280, 2003 293 



cross-border trade, between the DRC and the RoC 2003 270–2 

Crossman Corp (United States) 2002 28 

crowd control 2004 233–5, 2004 312 

CS (tear) gas, policing 2004 223, 2004 235 

74

CSG see China South Industries Group Corporation 

Cuba 




illicit transfers from, Cold War grey market 2001 169 

military stockpiles 2001 72, 2002 77, 2006 48, 2006 57 


production 



survey of producers 2001 25, 2001 52, 2002 57 

Cugir (Romania) 2003 46 

culture 


civilian ownership, national control of 2002 263 




effects of small arms availability 2001 205–8 

Europe 2003 63, 2003 66–9 

illicit craft production 2003 27, 2003 32–5 

Kosovo 2005 205–23 



Pakistan 2003 32–3 

Philippines 2003 33–5 

post-conflict 2005 275, 2005 280 

symbolism of firearms 2001 205 



Yemen 2003 187 

young men and small arms 2006 295, 2006 302–10, 2006 314–16 

culture of violence 


Kosovo 2005 205–23 

microeconomics 2001 229–30 

Cunningham, Charles 2004 70–1 

Curbelo, Nelsa 2010 209, 2010 216, 2010 219, 2010 220, 2010 221, 2010 222, 2010 223 

custodial authorities, military stockpiles 2006 58–60 

customary law 


international 2003 217–18 

Papua New Guinea 2006 179–80, 2006 183 

Yemen 2003 183–4 

customs 

ammunition data 2010 10 

authorized arms transfers 2009 7 

75

okering 2001 126, 2004 146 

civil aviation 2010 60 

codes 2003 177 

container freight 2003 107 

data, limitations of 2008 28 

discrepancies in data 2001 150–1, 2001 153–4, 2001 156 

European Union 2003 104 

illicit transfers 2005 113–16 

importers 2001 156–7 

international regulations 2010 54–5 

methodology for estimating transfers 2001 144 

national regulations 2010 55–8 

seizures, South America 2006 83–4 

transit trade 2003 104–5 

US exports 2001 152–4 

Yemen 2003 176–7, 2003 183–4 

customs officers, stockpiles 2006 43 

CV see Comando Vermelho; contingent valuation 

Cyprus 


exports 




transparency 2009 50, 2010 16 

imports 









value 2002 2005 97, 2005 98, 2005 106, 2005 107 

value 2003 2006 65, 2006 74, 2006 75 


production 




CZ (Czech Republic) 2001 21 

CZ58 assault rifle, Burundi 2007 204 

Czech Republic 


brokering 2004 153, 2004 156, 2004 157, 2004 158, 2004 160, 2004 161 



76









exports 

ammunition 2009 15, 2009 16 

to Uganda 2007 293 


C2 Group 2004 108 

to Colombia 2004 129, 2004 130, 2005 161, 2006 236 


to the Democratic Republic of the Congo 2004 130 

human rights 2004 129, 2004 130, 2004 131, 2004 132 

to Indonesia 2004 130, 2004 131 


2007 106, 2007 107 

list of importers 2005 108, 2006 75–8 



national reporting 2002 118, 2002 120 


to Pakistan 2004 131 

pistols and revolvers 2001 146, 2001 147, 2009 20, 2009 21, 2009 41 

to Russia 2004 132 


to Sri Lanka 2003 112 


trends 2000 2003 108, 2003 109 




value 2002 2005 102, 2005 103 

value 2003 2006 70 

to Yemen 2003 176, 2003 177 


to Eritrea 2002 136 





imports 

list of exporters 2006 70 


value 2002 2005 106, 2005 107 

77

value 2003 2006 75 



production 


licensed 2007 15, 2007 21 





most popular small arms in South Africa 2001 21 


survey of producers 2001 35, 2001 36, 2001 52, 2002 57, 2003 38, 2003 39–41 


stockpiles 

civilian holdings 2002 79, 2002 80, 2002 87, 2003 65, 2007 50, 2007 63 

military 2006 44, 2006 47, 2006 50 


transferred to Afghanistan and Iraq 2008 79 

transportation, licensing 2010 52, 2010 53 

Dadaab refugee camp (Kenya), violence 2002 168–9 

Dade County (Florida) 2004 57 

Daewoo Precision Industries (South Korea) 2002 45 

Dakar (Senegal) 2004 193, 2004 194 

DALY see disability-adjusted life years 

damaged weapons, military procurement 2006 9–10, 2006 12 

Danao City (Philippines), craft production 2003 9, 2003 34, 2007 145 

Danish Demining Group (DDG), Somaliland 2010 320 

Danuvia Gepipari Rt. (Hungary) 2001 37 

DAOSAAF see Voluntary Society of Supporters for the Air Force And Navy 

Dar es Salaam (Tanzania), carjackings 2007 172 

Darfur (Sudan) 

conflict deaths 2005 236–7, 2005 247, 2005 252, 2005 253, 2005 258 

elections 2010 294 


violence in South Sudan 2007 317, 2007 319–20 

Darfur Peace Agreement (2006) 2007 320 

Darra Adam Khel (Pakistan), illicit craft production 2003 32–3 

Darra (Pakistan), craft production 2002 139, 2003 9 

data 

collecting 2001 60–5 

conflict deaths 2005 229–59, 2005 241–8 


human development 2003 130–1 


legal transfers 2001 143–4 

transfers 2003 98 

78

Datasus see Unified Database of the Ministry of Health 

Davao City (Philippines), young men and small arms 2006 305 

Davis Industries 2004 119 

Dawood Gang (Mumbai) 2010 106, 2010 107 

Dayton Peace Agreement 1995 2003 286, 2005 217 

DDG see Danish Demining Group 

DDR see disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration 

De Beers Diamodel 2002 140 

De Decker, Joe 2001 117, 2002 140 

De Decker, Ronnie 2001 173 

DEA (United States), weapons stockpiles 2006 41, 2006 43 

deactivated guns 2004 189 

deactivation, UN Firearms Protocol 2002 239 

dealers 

arms brokers’ services 2001 100 

bartering with conflict goods 2002 140 


distinction from brokers 2001 129 

stockpile estimates 2001 65 

death squads, policing 2004 233 

death-injury ratio 2002 162 

deaths see conflict deaths; firearm deaths; firearm suicides; homicides 

decommissioning, Northern Ireland 2002 292–3, 2002 311, 2003 284–6 

DECOSAC see Development Co-operation and Small Arms Control 

Deed of Commitment for Adherence to a Total Ban on Anti-personnel Mines and for Cooperation in 

Mine Action 2010 309, 2010 312, 2010 313 

deep preferences, demand for small arms 2006 144–5, 2006 147, 2006 149–53 

Defence Industries Corporation of Nigeria (DICON) 

licensed production 2002 45, 2002 46–7, 2007 18 


Defence Industries Organisation (DIO) (Iran) 2002 18, 2002 51, 2002 52, 2002 53 

defence industry 

Croatia 2003 44–5 

Czech Republic 2003 39–41 

Hungary 2003 41–2 



Serbia and Montenegro 2003 46–7 

Slovenia 2003 42–3, 2003 46 

Defence Ministries (Republic of the Congo) 2003 269 

defence spending, effects of small arms misuse 2003 144–5 

Defence Systems Limited (United Kingdom) 2001 109 

Defense civile (Republic of the Congo) 2003 256 

Defense Logistics Services 2007 82 

Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) (United States) 2005 74 

delinquency 2008 251–3 

delivery verification (DV) certificate 2002 250, 2002 251, 2009 64, 2009 82 

Dellamico, Mario 2001 188 

79



military 2006 8–11, 2006 141–59 




prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 257, 2007 262–9, 2007 271 


Uganda 2006 287–8 

weapons collection programmes that fuel demand 2002 306, 2002 311 

weapons reduction programmes that address demand 2002 280, 2002 304–5, 2003 313 

West African armed groups 2006 247, 2006 258, 2006 259–65 

Yemen 2003 169, 2003 177–86, 2003 187 


Demetriou, Spyros 2002 298 

demobilization 

see also disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR) 




initiatives in the Great Lakes and Horn of Africa regions 2001 263 

Switzerland, transfer of military firearms to civilian ownership 2007 54 


Demobilization and Reintegration (D&R) Commission (Afghanistan) 2009 292, 2009 294 

democracy 



exports, control and accountability 2002 248 

prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 263, 2007 264, 2007 266, 2007 281, 2007 282 

Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) (formerly Zaire) 

see also Zaire 


armed groups 2005 193, 2005 195 


brassage 2009 233 

brokers, diamond trade 2001 108–9 

child mortality 2002 173 

conflict 

conflict goods 2002 140–1 

deaths 2005 230, 2005 245–7, 2005 252, 2005 255, 2005 258 

effects on Horn of Africa region 2001 262 

internally displaced persons 2001 224, 2001 225, 2002 196 


DDR and weapons reduction 2003 284, 2003 298, 2005 280, 2005 284, 2005 290, 2005 291, 

2009 184, 2009 187 


exports, to the Republic of the Congo 2003 263, 2003 270–1 

firearm homicides and suicides 2001 204–5, 2002 164 

80

firearm ownership 2007 171, 2007 172 



to Sudan 2007 325 

to UNITA in Angola 2001 119, 2002 132 


arms embargoes against 2002 133 

from the Republic of the Congo 2003 270–1 

tracing weapons 2004 126 

imports 




Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 276, 2006 282, 2010 288–9 


mortality rates 2009 222, 2009 223 


firearms 2010 122, 2010 124 


post-conflict deaths 2005 268 


post-conflict violence 2009 221–3 


refugees in Burundi 2007 200–1, 2007 202 



demographics 

accessibility thesis 2001 203–4 

firearm homicides 

Brazil 2007 228, 2007 233, 2007 234 




violent young men 2006 298–300 

demonstrations, policing 2004 233–5, 2004 312 

Denel (South Africa) 2002 47–8, 2005 61 

contracts 2010 29 


Denmark 


civilian ownership 2001 239, 2002 87–8, 2003 64 

exports 



to Iraq 2006 74 




81

firearm homicides and suicides 2001 203, 2001 209, 2001 239, 2001 240 

imports 





value 2002 2005 107 

value 2003 2006 75 


production 






Denver (United States), gang violence 2010 136–7 

Departamento de Industrias Miltares (Mexico) 2001 27 

Department for International Development (DFID) (United Kingdom), disarmament and development 

2003 154–5 

derived preferences, demand for small arms 2006 144–5, 2006 147, 2006 149 

Desert Storm, Operation (1990–1991), conflict deaths 2005 234–5 

destination countries, black market 2002 141–2 

Destruction Day 2002 281 

destruction programmes 2002 7, 2002 279–317 

Balkans 2001 177 

Bolivia 2008 102 


Cambodia 2002 296, 2006 119, 2006 123–5, 2007 65 

China 2002 96 

civilian holdings 2007 64–5 

craft production in Burundi 2007 205 

data on 2007 43 

decision making 2008 98 

disarmament comparison 2008 78 

domestic 2008 96, 2008 98 

donors 2008 105–6 

effect of war on terror 2003 60–2 


European unregistered firearms 2003 70 


impact on global stockpiles 2002 63, 2002 73–4 

incentives 2008 103–6 


internationally sponsored 2008 96–8 

Kazakhstan 2008 98–9 

Kosovo 2002 291 

Liberia 2002 290 

MANPADS 2008 80, 2008 99–102 

82

military stockpiles 2002 85–6, 2006 39, 2006 45 

Montenegro 2008 95 




NGOs 2002 243 

Nicaragua 2002 292–4 

norms 2003 231 

origins 2008 94–6 

programmes 1989–2001 2002 302 

and security sector reform 2008 104–5 

Sierra Leone 2002 290 

Southern Africa, regional norms 2003 243–7 

surplus weapons 2007 64–5, 2008 78, 2008 96–8, 2008 106–7 

Cambodia 2006 119, 2006 124 


Ukraine 2008 95 


US military firearms 2002 85–6 

weapons collection 2002 310 

detainees, police executions 2004 230–2 

deterrence 

violence and crime 2004 182–6, 2004 190 

Yemen 2003 179 

Detroit (United States), homicide rate 2007 165 

Deuba, Sher Bahadur 2003 97 

developed countries 

homicides and suicides using firearms 1998 2001 208–9 


developing countries 


firearm-related violence 2003 126–49 

homicides and suicides using firearms 1998 2001 208–9 


production trends 2001 12 

small arms as a threat to development 2001 229–34 

urbanization 2007 162, 2007 163, 2007 167–8 

development 

2006 UN Review Conference 2007 119, 2007 125 

Brazil, firearm-related deaths 2007 242, 2007 245 

DDR and weapons reduction 2003 309–10, 2005 276–7, 2005 279, 2005 284, 2005 286, 2005 

287 


effects of small arms 2001 229–34, 2003 125–59 

firearm-related homicides 2001 232–3 

Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development (2006) 2007 127 

global norms 2003 228 

historical record 2003 127 

83

security 2003 150–1 

technology 2003 20–3 


urbanization 2007 163, 2007 164, 2007 167–8 


development agencies 


humanitarian impacts 2002 158, 2002 159 

violence in refugee camps 2002 169 

Development Co-operation and Small Arms Control (DECOSAC) 2003 155 

development for disarmament 2002 297–303, 2003 128 

development programmes 



deteriorating security 2001 226 



EU Development Council Resolution 2001 272 

monitoring 2004 251–2 

opportunity costs of small arms 2001 233–4 

security of personnel 2002 186–92 

weapons collection, Mali 2002 288 

West Africa 2006 248, 2006 264–5 

young men and violence 2006 313–16 

DFID see Department for International Development 

DGFM see Dirección General de Fabricaciones Militares 

Dhaka (Bangladesh) 

global cities 2007 163 

slums 2007 168, 2007 169 


Dheere, Mohamed 2007 93 

DIAG see Disbandment of Illegal Armed Groups 

dialogue and sensitization programmes, post-conflict security 2009 233, 2009 236 

Diamond, Larry 2005 275–6 

diamonds 

Angola 2001 117–19, 2001 173, 2002 140 


conflict trade 2002 139–40, 2002 142 

Democratic Republic of the Congo 2001 108–9 

Sierra Leone 2001 120–3, 2001 171 

diaspora assistance 

conflict weapons 2005 186–7, 2005 197 

Kosovo 2005 215, 2005 218–19 

DICON see Defence Industries Corporation of Nigeria 

Didinga 2007 337, 2007 338 

Diemaco (Canada) 2001 27, 2002 45 


Diemaco C7 rifle 2006 10–11 

84

Diemaco C8 carbine 2006 10–11 

differentiated use of force 2004 220–4 

DINDUSMIL (Paraguay) 2002 45 

Dinka 2007 334, 2007 337 

DIO see Defence Industries Organisation 

Dirección General de Fabricaciones Militares (DGFM) (Argentina) 2001 28, 2001 29, 2001 102, 2002 

45 


Dirección Nacional de Policía Especializada en Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes (DINAPEN) (Ecuador) 

2010 211, 2010 216 

direct conflict deaths 

compared to indirect deaths 2005 253, 2005 254–6, 2005 257–9 

counting methods and sources 2005 233–41 


global 2005 230, 2005 256–7 


underreporting 2005 241–8 

direct offsets 2007 12 

disability 

civilians 2002 164–5 



Intifada 2002 165 


psychological impacts 2002 166–7 

disability-adjusted life years (DALY) 2002 162, 2002 165 

disarmament 

see also disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration; weapons reduction 

Afghanistan 2009 292–9 

African stockpiles 2003 81 

arms control comparison 2009 160 


bias of DDR 2005 283–4 

Brazil 2004 69–71, 2004 72, 2009 169–71 



civilians 2003 305–9, 2007 64–5, 2009 161, 2009 164–77 

coercive 2003 298–300, 2009 165, 2009 167 


cost-benefit analysis 2003 132–3 

definition 2009 159–60 

destruction comparison 2008 78 

deterrents to 2003 300–1 

development for 2002 297–303, 2003 128 

donor governments 2003 154–5 

during conflict 2009 182 

effects of small arms 2005 71, 2005 72–6 

Georgia 2003 203–5 

85


Haiti 2005 164 

human development 2003 151–6 

illegal armed groups 2009 299–304 

Iraq 2004 49–50, 2005 72, 2005 73 

Irish Republican Army 2003 72 

Kosovo 2005 212–13, 2005 221, 2005 280 

Mozambique 2001 64 

municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 181, 2007 185–8 

NGOs 2003 155–6 

non-state actors 2009 161, 2009 180–7 

norms 2003 243–7 

Pacific 2004 294, 2004 295–300 


peace processes 2003 277–316 

postponing 2003 287–90 

South Sudan 2007 318, 2007 327, 2007 330, 2007 338 

state 2009 161, 2009 178–80 

sustainable 2003 309–13 

types of 2009 160–4 

UN Small Arms Conference (2001), draft Programme of Action 2002 209 


weapons reduction programmes 2005 280 

World Bank 2003 152 

Yemen 2003 186 

disarmament by command 2002 286–7, 2002 288–91 

Disarmament Commission Guidelines 2009 62, 2009 63 

disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR) 

Aceh 2009 256–9 


Burundi 2007 198, 2007 199, 2007 203–7, 2007 218–21 


child soldiers 2009 197 

Colombia 2006 221, 2006 230, 2006 233–4, 2006 235, 2006 263 

demand for small arms 2006 144, 2006 158 

disarmament programmes 2009 161, 2009 180–7 




Liberia 2002 288–9, 2005 30 

link with weapons reduction programmes 2005 280 

management of expectations 2005 284–5 

measuring success 2005 284 

militarization of refugee camps 2005 273 


NGOs 2002 243 

non-state armed groups 2010 120 

norms 2003 231 

86

Northern Ireland 2006 260 

peace process 2003 277–316 

Phase I 2002 287 


reintegration programmes 2009 254–5 

Republic of the Congo 2002 300–1, 2003 258 

security and development 2003 152 

short and long-term gain-seeking groups 2005 198–9 

shortcomings 2005 283–9 

Solomon Islands 2005 283 

South Sudan 2007 327, 2007 331–3, 2007 336, 2007 339 


US Army policy 2009 186 


Disbandment of Illegal Armed Groups (DIAG) (Afghanistan) 2009 286, 2009 291–2, 2009 299–304, 

2009 306, 2009 308 

disclosure requirements, brokering 2002 253 

disease 

conflict deaths 2005 254–5, 2005 269 

displaced people 2002 169–70 

prevention of 2001 216 

displaced people 

see also internally displaced persons; refugees 

2001 2002 169, 2002 196 

Burundi 2007 200–3 


children 2009 201–3 


Georgia 2003 209–10 

humanitarian impacts 2002 160, 2002 167–70 

indirect conflict deaths 2005 232 

Uganda 2006 275, 2006 278, 2006 280–1, 2006 288, 2006 289 

disposal programmes 2002 310–11 

see also destruction programmes 


national reporting 2004 256 

obsolescent and surplus weapons, 2004 update 2004 56–60 

old police weapons 2004 57 

Pacific 2004 277, 2004 295–300, 2004 303 


distribution of firearms 2001 65–8, 2002 74–83 

military stockpiles 2006 37 

Republic of the Congo, militia holdings 2003 264–5, 2003 266–9 

Yemen 2003 178 

diversions 2004 71–2 

see also theft 

ammunition 2005 14, 2007 289–312, 2008 45, 2008 52 

armed groups 2010 325 

87

to armed groups in South Sudan 2007 320–1 

Brazil 2007 289–90, 2007 301–11 

brokering 2004 154, 2004 155, 2004 163 

from civilian holdings 2004 60–5, 2008 62–4 


definition 2008 114–15, 2008 156–7 

document abuse 2008 118 

end-use assurances 2002 249, 2002 250, 2002 251 

export controls 2008 126–7, 2008 132–3, 2008 143 

government involvement 2008 124 

in-transit 2008 123 

irresponsible transfers 2007 73, 2007 74, 2007 81–6 

links between legal and illicit transfers 2002 128–39 

multilateral prevention measures 2008 160–1 

national control of civilian ownership 2002 263–4 

neighbouring country’s military expenditure 2007 267 

paths of 2008 44, 2008 46–7 

point-of-delivery 2008 123–4 

from police stockpiles, South Africa 2008 193–5 

post-delivery 2008 123–4 

prevention 2008 142–5, 2008 160–3, 2008 173–4 

from private security companies, South Africa 2008 190–3 

punishment 2008 134–6 

risk factors 2008 122–7 

significant cases (1987–2007) 2008 120–2 

from South African peacekeepers in Burundi 2007 85–6 

from state stockpiles 2004 43–4, 2004 54–60 

extra-security force diversion 2008 53–6 


illicit trafficking in Colombia 2006 222 

intra-security force diversion 2008 48–53 

Iraq 2004 44–50 

issued stock diversion 2008 51, 2008 193–8 


low-order 2008 47–56 

military collapse 2008 60–2 

official conspiracies 2008 56–9 

Pacific 2004 285, 2004 286–90 

police stockpiles 2004 230 

policy implications 2008 52–3, 2008 55–6, 2008 59–60 


South America 2006 83 

Venezuela 2006 87 


from stores of confiscated weapons, Chile 2006 85 

transfer controls 2008 127–37 


transfer routes 2008 118–19 

88


transportation methods 2008 115–16 

types 2008 115 

Uganda, ammunition 2007 289–301 

Djibouti 

alleged arms embargo violations, 2001 2002 132 

covert transfers to Somalia 2007 94 


DMD Holding Group (Slovakia) 2003 42 

DNI see Dutch-Norwegian Initiative 

documentation 

see also end-user certification 

abuse of 2008 118, 2008 128–9 

air cargo 2001 113–14 

brokering 2004 144, 2004 146, 2004 163–4 

trade 2003 100–1 


Dolisie (Republic of the Congo), government stockpiles 2003 259 

domestic violence 


firearms access 2009 196 


Papua New Guinea 2006 166, 2006 170, 2006 171–2, 2006 179, 2006 180 

public health approach 2008 25 



Dominica 




Dominican Republic 

control measures, OAS firearms instruments 2001 254 

illicit transfers from, to Haiti 2005 164 

production 

global ranking 2000 2001 16 


donors 

Afghan New Beginnings Programme (ANBP) 2009 294 

Cambodia 2006 134–5, 2006 136 

data collection 2002 158 

DDR and weapons reduction 2005 276, 2005 277, 2005 284, 2005 285, 2005 286, 2005 289 

disarmament and development 2003 154–5 



Nairobi Declaration (2000) 2002 263 


reintegration support, Aceh 2009 258–9 


89

tsunami aid 2009 271–3 



double-licensing 2004 153, 2004 156 

Downing Street Declaration (1993) 2007 44 

DPKO see United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations 

DPTC see Scientific and Technical Department 

Draeger, Christoph 2005 144 

Dragunov SVD assault rifle 2002 25 



Dragunov SVDS rifle, licensed production 2007 24 

DRC see Democratic Republic of the Congo 

drug abuse 


used to incite violence 2001 207 

drug economy, Afghanistan 2009 307 

drug trafficking 

Brazil 2005 195, 2007 241–2, 2007 301, 2007 304–5 


Central America, OAS firearms instruments 2001 256 

Chile 2006 85 

Colombia 2005 161–3, 2006 217, 2006 221, 2006 222 

Ecuador 2010 215 


globalization of organized crime 2001 221 

illicit craft production, Chile 2003 29 

illicit transfers, Central America 2001 188–9, 2001 256 

Inter-American Convention 2001 278, 2001 279 



LTTE in Sri Lanka 2001 182 

Mexico 2010 140 



Peru 2006 86 



DSA (United States), licensed production 2007 18 

DShK heavy machine gun 2008 21 

DShK-38/46 Degtyarev heavy machine gun 2004 32, 2004 34 

Du, Wang 2005 144–5 

Dube, Lucky 2008 183 

Dunarit-Ruse (Bulgaria) 2003 44 

Dunblane (Scotland) 2002 161, 2002 270–1, 2002 283, 2009 171, 2009 174 

Dupuy, Trevor 2001 80 

Dutch-Norwegian Initiative (DNI) 2004 150 

Duyvendak, Yan 2005 145 

90

DV see delivery verification 

Dynamit Nobel (Germany) 

ammunition production 2001 15 

merger with RUAG 2002 2003 15 

EAC see East African Community 

EADS see European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company 

EAPC see Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council 

EAPCCO see Eastern Africa Police Chiefs Cooperation Organisation 

East African Community (EAC) 

initiatives in the Great Lakes and Horn of Africa regions 2001 262–5 


East Asia, civilian holdings, correlation to GDP 2007 57 

East Asia Pacific, production 2001 44–5 

East Central Europe, production 2001 30, 2001 34–6 

East Germany see German Democratic Republic 

East Timor 2004 240–1 




gangs, girl members 2010 190 

illicit capture of weapons 2008 55 





second-generation security promotion 2009 237 

tracing ammunition used in 2004 126 

Eastern Africa, stockpiles 2003 80, 2003 83–6 

Eastern Africa Police Chiefs Cooperation Organisation (EAPCCO) 2004 253 

control measures 2001 263–4, 2002 262 

Eastern Equatoria (Sudan) 2007 324, 2007 325, 2007 336–9 

machine gun attack 2008 12 

Eastern Europe 

see also central and eastern Europe 

collapse of communism, surplus arms 2001 97 

exports, to the Republic of the Congo 2003 263 




Eastern Front (Sudan) 2007 320 

Eastern Slavonia, weapons collection 2002 290, 2002 311, 2003 300 

Eastern Sudan Peace Agreement (2006) 2007 320 

EBA see Egbesu Boys of Africa 

EBO see Hellenic Arms Industry 

Echelon, small arms caches 2006 47 

ecological model, violence 2008 211, 2008 226, 2008 228, 2008 237, 2008 250–1 

ECOMOG see Economic Community of West African States Monitoring Group 

91

Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) 


brokering 2004 150, 2004 152 

Code of Conduct 2005 24 

Convention on Small Arms and Light Weapons (2006) 2010 49–50 


West African Moratorium 2001 258–9, 2005 125 

authorized imports, 2004 update 2004 100, 2004 112–14 


Sierra Leone 2001 172 

transfers to West African armed groups 2006 247, 2006 256 

UN Small Arms Conference (2001) 2002 210 

Economic Community of West African States Monitoring Group (ECOMOG) 

confiscations 2001 172 

DDR and weapons collection 2003 279, 2003 292, 2005 287 

Liberia 2002 288–9, 2003 283 

Sierra Leone 2002 289–90, 2003 307 

weapons captured from 2006 255 

economic and crime-related violence, post-conflict 2009 228, 2009 229–30 

economic models 2007 263 

economic reintegration, Aceh 2009 264–6 

economy 


costs of small arms violence 2003 130, 2003 132–3, 2003 135, 2004 190–2, 2004 290–6, 2006 

192–3 

demand for small arms 2006 143, 2006 144–5, 2006 149 

disarmament 2003 294, 2003 300–1, 2003 309–10 

effects of small arms on human development 2003 128–49 

Georgia 2003 206–7 


new wars 2002 174–5 

prices of Kalashnikov rifles 2007 257–72 

small arms as a threat to development 2001 229–34 

US producers 2001 25 

Yemen 2003 171–2, 2003 178 

young men and small arms 2006 298–300, 2006 303–4 

ECOSOC see United Nations Economic and Social Council 

ECOWAS see Economic Community of West African States 

Ecuador 



exports 


to Sudan 2004 132 

gang violence 2010 93–4, 2010 214–15 

prevention measures 2010 215–21 

gangs 2010 209–24 

disarmament 2010 221 

92

firearms 2010 214–15 

history 2010 212–14 

mediation 2010 220 

membership 2010 210–11 

illicit transfers from 2006 83, 2006 85, 2006 222 

to Colombia 2004 130, 2005 163 


from Argentina 2007 29 




production 




stockpiles 2004 51, 2004 52, 2004 53 

civilian holdings 2001 85 


EDA see European Defence Agency 

EDF see Equatoria Defence Force 

EDM see Electrical Discharge Machining 

education 

availability of small arms 2003 128 


effects of small arms 2001 231, 2001 232–3, 2003 140–1, 2006 191 

firearm homicides, Brazil 2007 233, 2007 235 

impact of armed violence 2009 203–5 

motivation for joining armed groups 2006 252 

municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 180, 2007 181, 2007 188 


effects of small arms 

availability 2001 4, 2001 197–241 

Georgia 2003 205–10 

on human development 2003 125–59 

humanitarian impact 2002 6, 2002 155–93 

EFPs see explosively formed projectiles 

Egbesu Boys of Africa (EBA) (Nigeria) 2006 249 

Egypt 



2006 UN Review Conference 2007 123, 2007 125–6 

Bamako Declaration (2000) (OAU) 2002 213, 2002 214 

marking and tracing 2006 100–1 

norms 2003 235 

exports 


irresponsible transfers from 2007 94, 2007 106 

to Sudan 2004 133 

93




to Rwanda 2001 206, 2002 132 

to Somalia 2007 94 

to Sudan 2001 171 

illicit transfers to, from Libya 2001 171 

imports 

ammunition 2009 16, 2009 17 



top importers 2004 2007 74 

from the United States 2001 154 

value 2003 2006 74, 2006 75 





production 

AK series rifles 2001 17 



licensed production 2002 45, 2007 15, 2007 18, 2007 21, 2007 27 


MANPADS 2004 81, 2004 82, 2007 21 



RPG-7 variants 2004 36 

survey of producers 2001 38–9, 2001 52, 2002 17, 2002 19, 2002 57 

unlicensed 2007 15, 2007 18, 2007 21, 2007 27 

stockpiles 

military 2005 86, 2005 88, 2006 57 



Yemen 2003 170, 2003 175 

Eiland, General Giora 2002 165 

Ejército de Liberación Nacional see National Liberation Army 

El Joven Noble (The Noble Young Man) Male Responsibility Project 2010 238 

El Salvador 

armed violence, interventions 2008 281, 2008 291–5 

Arms-free Municipalities Project (AFMP) 2008 292–5 

conflict 

cease-fires for national immunization days 2002 170 


mortality rates 2002 173 




94



costs of small arms violence 2006 196, 2006 197, 2006 201 


crime reduction (Goods for Guns) 1996–1999 2002 294, 2002 295, 2002 311 

peace-building 1992–1993 2002 302, 2003 280 

UNDP 2001–2004 2005 90, 2005 280, 2005 292 


firearm homicides and suicides 2001 232, 2003 138 

gangs 2008 290 


membership 2010 69, 2010 106, 2010 107 

reduction programmes 2009 233, 2009 239 

socio-political factors 2010 230 

suppression strategies 2010 246 


homicides 2008 289–91, 2008 295, 2009 227, 2009 228 


to Colombia 2004 130, 2005 162 

to Mexico 2001 189 

illicit transfers to, Cold War grey market 2001 169 

imports 2001 157 

legislation, violence reduction 2008 293 

peace negotiations, disarmament 2003 282 

police, post-conflict reform 2004 240 

post-conflict injuries 2005 275 



second-generation security promotion 2009 237 

Society without Violence (Sociedad sin Violencia) 2008 292 



Eldoret (Kenya) 2005 13 

elections 


Georgia 2003 195–6 

violence 2010 265 

electric firing 2003 24 

Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) 2005 49 

Elisco Tool (Philippines), survey of producers 2001 44 

ELN see National Liberation Army (Colombia) 

embargoes 2004 263–71 

armed groups, West Africa 2006 258 

brokering 2001 102, 2001 106, 2001 120, 2004 142, 2004 144, 2004 145 

Croatia 2001 102 


Fiji 2004 291 

group resources 2005 187 

95

human rights 2004 128, 2007 75 



MANPADS 2005 133–4 

monitoring 2004 249–50, 2004 263–71 

multilateral embargoes effective 2001 2002 132–3 

norms 2003 224–5, 2003 232 


Sierra Leone 2001 120 

Somalia 2007 92, 2007 94 

sub-Saharan Africa 2003 117–18 

Sudan 2007 92, 2007 320 

UNITA 2005 192 

violations 2002 128–9, 2002 131–4 

emergency, states of, policing 2004 220 

Emler, Nicolas 2006 303–4 

employment 

see also unemployment 

in the arms industry, US producers 2001 25, 2001 27 

Bulgaria 2003 43 


Croatia 2003 45 

DDR programmes, West Africa 2006 261 


firearm homicides 2003 137, 2003 138 

Hungary 2003 41 



Romania 2003 45 

Russian Federation 2003 19 


Sierra Leone, disarmament 2003 308 


Yemen 2003 172 

empowerment, young men and small arms 2006 305 

Empressa Nacional Santa Barbara (ENSB) (Spain), survey of producers 2001 32 

Emsdetten (Germany) 2007 51 

EMV see Eszak Magyarorszagi Vegyimuvek 

end producers 2001 11, 2003 12 

end use, definition 2009 64 

end users 


MANPADS 2005 132–6 


production sectors 2005 42, 2005 43 

transparency 2005 111, 2006 80 

end-use assurances (EUAs) 

illicit transfers to West African armed groups 2006 256 

96

measures 2002 236, 2002 248–52, 2002 271–2 


violations of 2002 128–9 

end-use monitoring 

ad hoc checks 2008 163 

Blue Lantern monitoring programme 2008 129, 2008 137, 2008 170 

delivery verification 2008 163, 2008 174 

Golden Sentry programme 2008 170 

Stinger missiles 2008 144 

transfer controls 2008 127, 2008 128–9, 2008 133–6 


end-user certificates (EUCs) 2008 163 


abuse of 2008 118, 2008 155, 2008 158–9, 2008 175–6 


illicit transfers 2002 134–5 

from Argentina to Croatia 2001 102 

brokering 2001 27, 2004 144, 2004 163–4 

to UNITA 2001 117–18, 2001 119, 2001 173 

national control systems 2001 124, 2001 125–6, 2009 81–2 

ways round 2001 104 

end-user certification 

Austria 2008 164–5, 2008 171–3 

Belgium 2008 165, 2008 171–3 

Brazil 2008 165, 2008 171–3 

Canada 2008 165–7, 2008 171–3 

China 2008 167, 2008 171–3 

documentation 2008 163, 2008 172, 2008 175 

enhancing 2008 175–6 

Germany 2008 167, 2008 171–3 

Italy 2008 167–8, 2008 171–3 

Japan 2008 168, 2008 171–3 

multilateral measures 2008 160–1 

national practice 2008 164–73 

national systems 2008 162–3 

Sweden 2008 175 


United Kingdom 2008 169, 2008 171–3 

United States 2008 169–70, 2008 171–3 

enforcement 

controls on brokering 2002 257 


Great Lakes region and Horn of Africa 2002 262 

engagement 

armed groups 2010 94, 2010 305–26 

humanitarian approach 2010 306–15 

England and Wales 


97

correlation between wealth and 2007 62 



national registration data 2007 50 

firearms offences 2009 172–3 

gangs 

gun ownership 2010 109–10, 2010 112, 2010 113 



law enforcement stockpiles 2006 40 

ENSB see Empressa Nacional Santa Barbara 

environmental pollution, ammunition 2005 16–17, 2005 29 

epidemiological surveys, conflict deaths 2005 239–40, 2005 242, 2005 245–6 

epidemiology, armed violence 2008 224 

Equatoria Defence Force (EDF) 2007 324, 2007 325 

Erfurt school massacre (Germany) 2003 57, 2003 63, 2003 69–70 

Eritrea 




Eastern Sudan Peace Agreement (2006) 2007 320 


to Somalia 2001 175, 2002 132, 2004 87–8, 2007 93–4 

to Sudan 2001 174, 2007 92 


arms embargoes against 2002 132, 2002 133 

imports, from Romania 2003 110 


ERO sub-machine gun, unlicensed production 2007 25 

Erskine, Lt. Gen. Emmanuel 2003 82 

estimation techniques, conflict deaths 2005 239–42 

Estonia 


brokering 2004 154, 2004 155, 2004 156, 2004 157, 2004 158, 2004 160, 2004 161 



exports, to Iraq 2006 74 


imports 2002 86, 2002 116, 2002 147 




production 






98


stockpiles 

civilian holdings 2001 85, 2003 65 

military 2006 44, 2006 47 



Eszak Magyarorszagi Vegyimuvek (EMV) (Hungary) 2001 37 

ETA see Euskadi Ta Askatasuna 

Ethiopia 

conflict 


in South Sudan 2007 317 



to Kenya 2001 175 

to Somalia 2001 175, 2002 132, 2007 93–4 

to Sudan 2007 325 

to Sudanese rebels 2001 174 

illicit transfers to, arms embargoes against 2002 132, 2002 133, 2004 128, 2004 130 

imports 2003 110, 2003 118, 2005 104 





stockpiles, civilian holdings 2007 60 

ethnic violence 



West Africa armed groups 2006 250 

ethnicity 

Brazil, firearm-related deaths 2007 228, 2007 231–2, 2007 244–5 

Burundi 2007 199, 2007 201, 2007 202, 2007 221 

gang violence in Los Angeles 2007 183 


policing 2004 228, 2004 236 

South Sudan 2007 317, 2007 318, 2007 328, 2007 333–5 

United States, firearm homicides 2001 204, 2001 239 


EU see European Union 

EU ASAC see European Union Assistance in Curbing Small Arms and Light Weapons in Cambodia 

EUAs see end-use assurances 

EUCs see end-user certificates 

Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC) 2002 260 

measures 2001 273–4 

Euro-Atlantic region, measures 2001 273–6 

Eurogang project 2010 129, 2010 131, 2010 137, 2010 145, 2010 232 

Eurometaal (Netherlands) 2001 32, 2002 12, 2002 34 

Euromissile 2004 27 

99

Europe 

see also Central and Eastern Europe; Central Europe; East Central Europe; Eastern Europe; 

European Union; Western Europe 

control measures, regional norms 2003 236–7 

criminal victimization in 2007 169–70 



illicit transfers 2001 175–80, 2005 113–16, 2006 83 

from Former Yugoslavia 2003 111 

insurgent demand 2001 83 

insurgents and other non-state combatants 2001 79, 2001 83 

non-European Union, transfers 2003 108–11 


production 


by value 2001 14 

by volume 2001 12 

distribution of producing companies 2001 10–11, 2002 12, 2003 12, 2003 14, 2004 10, 2005 

14 

distribution of producing countries 2001 10–11, 2002 11, 2003 11, 2004 9 





stockpiles 2002 87–90, 2003 62–72 

civilian holdings 2003 57, 2003 63–6, 2003 70–2 

military 2006 51, 2006 52, 2006 53, 2006 58 

mortars 2002 72 

terrorism 2003 72 


value 2000 2003 100, 2003 101 

to Yemen 2003 173–4 

weapons collection programmes 2003 280–1 


European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company (EADS) 2005 59, 2005 61 

European Convention on Human Rights 2004 218 

European Defence Agency (EDA) 

Code of Conduct on Defence Procurement 2010 12 

Defence Contracts Opportunities bulletin board 2010 12 

offset deals 2007 12 

European Tracking Initiative 2008 129 

European Union Assistance in Curbing Small Arms and Light Weapons in Cambodia (EU ASAC) 

2002 296, 2003 310, 2006 119, 2006 123, 2006 130, 2006 134–6 

European Union (EU) 

Annual Report, ammunition 2010 10, 2010 12 

arms embargoes 2001 2002 133 

brokering, control measures 2001 127, 2004 147–8, 2004 150, 2004 152, 2004 155–7, 2004 166 

Central African Republic anti-poaching initiative 2005 310 

100

civil aviation regulations 2010 59 

Code of Conduct on Arms Exports 2001 269–71, 2009 62, 2009 63, 2009 66 

ammunition 2005 14, 2005 24 




humanitarian law 2002 182, 2002 183 

influence on UN Programme of Action 2002 214 


licensing criteria 2009 91, 2009 95–6 

MANPADS 2005 131–2 

re-export provision 2009 84–5 

transparency 2006 66, 2006 79–80 

Working Party on Conventional Arms Exports 2007 137 

Common Military List 2005 102 

military weapons categories 2009 67 




brokering 2001 127, 2004 147–8, 2004 150, 2004 152, 2004 155–7, 2004 166 


OSCE Document on Small Arms and Light Weapons 2002 211, 2002 212 

in Southern Africa 2001 261–2 

UN Programme of Action 2002 210–11, 2002 214, 2002 222–3, 2002 224 

Council Common Position on the control of arms brokering 2005 24 


destruction programme assistance 2008 78, 2008 94 

Development Council 2001 272 

embargoes 2004 128 

export controls 2009 77, 2009 79 

exports 

to peacekeeping missions 2009 37–9 

reporting 2009 26, 2009 28 


irresponsible transfers to Cameroon 2007 99 

Joint Action on Small Arms (1998) 2001 271–2 


influence on UN Programme of Action 2002 214 




marking and tracing 2002 247, 2006 101, 2006 102 

member nations 2001 269 

membership requirements 2008 103–4 

monitoring, data on legal transfers 2001 144 

offset deals 2007 12 

Plan of Action (2000) 2002 210, 2002 214–15 

production 2002 13, 2003 13 

101


Programme for Preventing and Combating Illicit Trafficking in Conventional Arms (1997) 2001 

261–2, 2001 269, 2002 214 


Single Administrative Document (SAD) 2010 55–7 

stockpiles, civilian holdings 2003 64–6 

Strategy to Combat Illicit Accumulation and Trafficking of SALW and Their Ammunition 2010 

47–9 

transfers 


hunting and sporting firearms 2002 124 

intra-regional 2003 101 

to Latin America 2003 114, 2003 116 

MANPADS 2005 131–2 

trends 2000 2003 103–5 


value 2000 2003 100, 2003 101 


Working Party on Conventional Arms Exports (COARM), transfer controls 2007 137 

Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (Basque Homeland and Freedom) (ETA) 


stockpiles 2002 89, 2003 72 

ex-combatants 

see also disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration; reintegration of former combatants 

Aceh 2009 249–78 


Burundi 2007 198, 2007 202, 2007 203–4, 2007 218–20 

crime, weapons collection 2002 295–7 

reintegration 2003 310 

Republic of the Congo 2002 300–3, 2003 266, 2003 272 

excess mortality 

see also conflict deaths 


Guatemala, post-conflict 2005 270 

post-conflict 2005 268–9, 2009 222–3, 2009 289 

‘excessive and destabilizing accumulation’, UN Programme of Action 2002 222, 2002 224 

exclusion 


fragmentation of public space 2007 178 

young men and small arms 2006 295, 2006 305–6 

exclusive licenses 2007 8 

executions, extrajudicial 2004 230–2, 2004 236 

Executive Outcomes (EO) 2001 104, 2001 109, 2001 110 

expanding bullets 2005 22–3 

explosively formed projectiles (EFPs), lethality 2008 12 

explosives 

Colombia 2006 223, 2006 225, 2006 226, 2006 231, 2006 238 

Georgia 2003 203–4 

102


Palestine 2003 78 

UN Firearms Protocol 2001 278 



accountability 2002 248 

diversion prevention 2008 126–7, 2008 132–3, 2008 143, 2008 159–60 


end-user certification 2009 81–2 

enforcement 2009 85–6 

EU Code of Conduct 2001 269–71 

exceptions to licensing requirements 2009 78–9 

global licences 2009 79, 2009 80 


glossary of terms 2009 64 

licence types 2009 79–81 

license systems 2001 124, 2001 125, 2001 253, 2001 270 

licensing authorities 2009 86–90 

licensing criteria 2009 91–6 


military small arms 2009 61–97 

OAS Model Regulations 2001 255 

pre-licensing requirements 2009 69–78 

re-export provisions 2009 82–5 

‘Tracker system’ 2009 80, 2009 81 

transparency 2008 136–7 

types of 2009 62–5 


UN Programme of Action 2002 209, 2002 223, 2002 224–5 

violations 2008 137 

export licences 2006 79–80 

see also Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 

brokering 2001 124, 2002 253 


EU Code of Conduct 2001 270 

government reports 2001 148–53 


national control systems 2001 125 





exportation, urban violence 2007 162 

exporting state, definition 2009 64 

exports 

see also brokering; illicit transfers; Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 

ammunition 

shotgun shell parts 2010 25–6 

103

shotgun shells 2010 25–6 

small-calibre 2009 14–17, 2010 23–4 

to Uganda 2007 294–7 

central and eastern Europe 2003 38–9 

civilian firearms 2003 102–3 

codes of conduct, supply-side humanitarianism 2002 182–3 

Colombia 2006 217–21 

Comtrade data 2000–2006 2009 11–25, 2009 52 

customs data 

1994–1998 2001 145–55 

1999 2002 112–17 

2000 2003 97–120 

2001 2004 99–134 

2002 2005 97–105 

2003 2006 65–78 

definitions 2009 64, 2009 65–6 

European Union 2001 269–71, 2003 103–5 

France, control and accountability 2002 248 

global trade 2006 68–74 

Hungary 2003 41 

irresponsible transfers 2007 73–107 


Latin America 2003 114–17 


MANPADS 2005 131–7 

military firearms 2009 32–9 

military small arms and light weapons 2009 23–5 

national controls, brokering 2002 254–5 

national reporting 2001 147–55, 2002 117–23, 2004 101 

necessity for producers 2004 118–25 

OSCE Document on Small Arms and Light Weapons 2001 275 

Pacific 2004 277, 2004 280, 2004 282, 2004 303 

permanent 2009 65 

pistols and revolvers 2009 20–2, 2009 39–43 


Romania 2003 45 

Russia 2003 110–11 

sources of 2009 68–9 


sporting firearms 2009 17–20, 2009 43–7 


Sweden 2002 248 

temporary 2009 66 


transit 2009 66 

Ukraine 2003 48 

UN data on 2001 146–7 


104

United States 2002 248, 2003 105–8 

to the United States 2001 26–7 

extensive-range production 2005 45, 2005 55–7, 2005 63–4 

extortion 



extra-judicial detention, Haiti, urban political armed violence 2007 174 

extra-judicial execution 2004 230–2, 2004 236 

extraterritorial jurisdiction 2002 255–6, 2004 158–9, 2004 161 

Ezell, Edward 2001 62 

F1 automatic rifle 2006 55 

FAA see Angolan Armed Forces 

FAB see Forces armées burundaises 

Fábrica Boliviana de Municiones (FBM) 2004 21 

Fabrica de Armas Nacionales (Mexico) 2001 27, 2002 45, 2002 51 

Fábrica de Armas y Municiones del Ejéricito (FAME) (Peru) 2004 25 

Fabrica Militar de Armas Poratiles Domingo Mathheu (FMAP) (Argentina) 2001 29 

Fábrica Militar Fray Luis Beltran (Argentina), licensed production 2007 18 

Fábrica Nacional de Cartuchos e Munições (Brazil) 2001 29 

Fabrica Realengo (Brazil) 2001 29 

Fábricas y Maestranzas del Ejército (FAMAE) (Chile) 


survey of producers 2001 30, 2004 22–3, 2005 57 

Fabryka Broni (Poland) 2003 42 

FAC see Forces armées congolaises 

FACA see Forces armées centrafricaines 

facilitators, NGOs 2002 243 

Factory 54 (Egypt) 2002 17 

failed cities 2007 176–8 

Falcone, Pierre Joseph 2004 165, 2004 166 

FAMAE see Fábricas y Maestranzas del Ejército 

Famas assault rifle 



producers 2002 33 

FAME see Fábrica de Armas y Municiones del Ejéricito 

family bonds, Yemen 2003 169 

family violence, Papua New Guinea 2006 171–2, 2006 179, 2006 180 

Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) (El Salvador) 2002 294 

FARC see Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia 

Farrell, Malchi 2005 149 

fashion, prices and consumer taste 2002 70 

Fashoda Peace Agreement (1997) 2010 278 

Fatah 2002 131 

FBI see Federal Bureau of Investigation 

FBM see Fábrica Boliviana de Municiones 

FDI see foreign direct investment 

105

FDN see Force de défense nationale 

fear, costs of violence 2001 217, 2001 219–20 

Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) (United States) 

stockpiles 2006 41, 2006 43 

weaponry 2010 114 

Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, post-conflict outcome 2009 226 

Federated Niger Delta Ijaw Communities (FNDIC) (Nigeria) 2006 249 

Fegarmy (FEG) (Hungary) 2001 37, 2003 41 

Fegyver es Gaykeszuelekgyara (Hungary), licensed production 2007 18 

Fetter, Gregory 2002 64 

fights 


South Sudan 2007 329, 2007 330–1 

Fiji Islands 

costs of firearm misuse 2004 290–2 

gun ownership laws 2004 283, 2004 302, 2004 303 


rebellion 2000 2001 184 

stockpiles 2003 88, 2003 89, 2004 284 

leakage 2004 55, 2004 287, 2004 288 

FIM-43 Redeye 2004 80, 2004 82, 2004 84 

FIM-92 Stinger MANPAD 2002 116, 2003 76, 2004 82, 2004 83, 2004 84, 2004 88 

financing 



Fine Mechanics Plant State Enterprise (Ukraine) 2003 49 

Finland 


control measures, brokering 2004 156, 2004 158, 2004 159, 2004 161 







exports 




to China 2004 129 

human rights 2004 129, 2004 132 

irresponsible transfers from 2007 98, 2007 99, 2007 105 

list of importers 2005 108, 2006 75, 2006 77, 2006 78 



to Russia 2004 132 

share of total arms exports 2001 144 


106





value 2002 2005 103 

value 2003 2006 70 


imports 

list of exporters 2005 104, 2005 105, 2006 73 


value 2002 2005 107 

value 2003 2006 76 


production 









stockpiles 

civilian holdings 2001 239, 2003 64, 2007 47–8 



military 2004 46, 2005 77, 2006 44, 2006 51, 2006 53 

stolen firearms 2004 63 


transfers 2000 2003 103 




Fiocchi Munizioni (Italy), licensed production 2007 18 

fire fighters, firearms stockpiles, Bulgaria 2006 40 

fire-and-forget missiles 2004 79 

firearm deaths 

see also firearm homicides; firearm suicides; homicides 

Brazil 2007 227–8, 2007 230–42, 2007 251 


children and youth 2009 195–8 


humanitarian personnel 2002 186–8 



non-conflict 2004 174–204 

post-conflict 2002 163, 2002 164, 2005 268–9 

regional rates 2008 218–19 

107

South Africa 2008 183, 2008 188, 2008 195 

United Kingdom 2009 172–4 


urban–rural differences 2008 257 

firearm homicides 2008 219, 2008 280 

see also firearm deaths; firearm suicides; homicides 


accounting for the cost of gun violence 2003 132–3 



Brazil 2001 222, 2006 296, 2007 230–42, 2007 251, 2009 170–1 



Cambodia 2006 127–33 

Canada 


cost effectiveness of control measures 2006 197–8 


China 2005 82 

civilian ownership 1999 2001 203, 2001 239 

Colombia 2006 215, 2006 216–17, 2006 227–30, 2006 231, 2006 236–41, 2008 292 


costs of small arms violence 2003 134–5, 2006 189–211 


development 2001 232–3, 2003 126 

effect of conflict 2001 211 

effects of small arms availability 2001 201–2, 2001 208–9, 2001 240 


El Salvador 2008 288–91, 2008 295 

England and Wales 2002 271 

Europe 2003 63 

Guatemala 2005 270 


Haiti 2007 174 

Honduras 2002 166, 2002 195 

humanitarian impacts of small arms 2002 156–7 


Iraq 2002–2006 2007 82 

Japan 2005 80 

Latin America, and unemployment 2003 138 

link to poverty 2003 157 

Nicaragua 2002 166, 2002 195 

Pakistan, urban political armed violence in Karachi 2007 175 


poverty 2003 137, 2003 138 

prices of weapons 2007 258, 2007 263, 2007 264, 2007 265, 2007 281 

risk to development workers 2003 149 


108

social determinants, Brazil 2007 233–8, 2007 251 


Switzerland 2007 54 

Uganda 2003 134–5 


Boston 2007 181 

compared to non-firearm homicides 2007 166 

demographics 2001 239 


New York 2007 184 



political 2007 175 

Yemen 2007 45 

young men and small arms 2006 295, 2006 297, 2006 311 

firearm injuries 

see also firearm deaths; firearm homicides 

Burundi 2007 212–14 

Canada, cost effectiveness of control measures 2006 197–8 



conflicts 2002 160–7 

costs of small arms violence 2003 132–3, 2003 134–5, 2004 191, 2006 189–211 

effects on human development 2003 129, 2003 131, 2003 132 

firearm injury to killed ratio 2002 161 


Honduras 2002 166, 2002 195 

indirect effects of small arms 2001 214–18 

Kyrgyzstan 2004 315, 2004 317 

M16 bullets 2002 165 

Nicaragua 2002 166, 2002 195 

Papua New Guinea 2006 170–1, 2006 172 

post-conflict 2002 163, 2002 164, 2005 271–2 

psychological impacts 2002 166–7 

rubber bullets 2004 222–3 


treatment of 2002 166 

trends 2002 162 

victims 2002 163–6 

firearm suicides 2001 208–9, 2001 240, 2008 219 


2004 update 2004 174–80, 2004 199–202 


Africa 2004 192–3 

Brazil 2007 228, 2007 230, 2007 242–6, 2007 252 



effect of conflict 2001 211 

109

estimates of civilian holdings 2007 54 

global 2002 156–7, 2002 160 

means 2004 187 


safe storage of civilian weapons 2002 266 

substitution effect 2004 186–90 


firearms 

definitions 2009 8–9 

theft and loss, South Africa 2009 176 

transfers, reporting 2009 26–8, 2009 52–3 

Firearms Commerce in the United States (ATF) 2004 12 

Firearms Manufacturing and Export Report (ATF) 2004 12 

firepower, weapons availability 2005 182–5 

Firm, the (South Africa) 2010 164 

first aid, lethality 2001 212 

First World War, European civilian holdings 2007 52 

FIS see Front Islamique de Salut 

Fish and Wildlife (United States), weapons stockpiles 2006 41, 2006 43 

Fisher, Ian 2004 46 

Fitzpatrick, Christopher 2006 143 

flags of convenience 2001 115, 2004 146 

Flame of Peace (Mali) 2002 288 

Flanders (Belgium), exports 2006 69 

FLB see Fray Luis Beltran 

‘fleeing felon’ 2004 218–19 

Fleishman, Jeffrey 2004 44 

FLGO see Front for the Liberation of the Great West 

FMAP see Fabrica Militar de Armas Poratiles Domingo Mathheu 

FMK3 sub-machine gun 2001 29 

FMK5 rifle 2001 29 

FMLN see Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front; Frente Farabundo Marti para la Liberación 

Nacional 

FN Browning Series, most popular handguns 2001 20, 2001 29 

FN FAL assault rifle 

Brazil 2007 309 


exports, to Nepal 2003 113 

illicit transfers to Colombia 2006 222 


military procurement 2006 11, 2006 12, 2006 87 

production 

global production estimates 2001 63, 2006 55 


Brazil 2001 29, 2004 22 



in sub-Saharan Africa 2002 43, 2002 46 

110

worldwide 2002 45 


most popular military weapons 2004 28, 2004 34 

RUF in Sierra Leone 2001 173 

used in violence in Africa 2004 195 

Venezuela 2006 12, 2006 87 

Yemen 2003 174 

FN Herstal (Belgium) 

ammunition seized by Brazilian security forces 2007 305 

assault rifles 2004 28, 2004 29 

most popular 2001 20 




handguns, most popular 2001 18, 2001 20 


machine guns 2004 31 

Minimi (M249) 2003 22 




production 

ammunition 2001 15, 2005 13 

licensed 2001 12, 2002 41, 2007 16, 2007 18 


in sub-Saharan Africa 2002 43–8 


subsidiary in Brazil 2004 22 



FN MAG light machine gun 2004 31 


most popular machine guns 2001 19, 2001 20, 2004 34 

production 


licensed 2002 45, 2002 48 


FN Manufacturing (United States) 2001 31 



M-16 series assault rifle 2001 13 

production, licensed 2002 45 

FNC assault rifle, licensed production 2007 18 

FNDIC see Federated Niger Delta Ijaw Communities 

FNL-Icanzo see Front national de libération Icanzo 

food, effects of small arms misuse 2003 136, 2003 142–3 

Force de défense nationale (FDN) (Burundi) 2007 203, 2007 207 

Force spéciale de défense des institutions républicaines (FORSDIR) (CAR) 2005 307, 2005 309 

111

Forces armées burundaises (FAB) (Burundi) 2007 203, 2007 206, 2007 207 

Forces armées centrafricaines (FACA) (CAR) 2005 304, 2005 311, 2005 312, 2005 315 

Forces armées congolaises (FAC) 2003 256, 2005 304, 2005 317–18, 2005 324 

Forces Armées d’Haïti (FADH) 2005 163–4 

Forces Nouvelles (Côte d’Ivoire), firearms 2010 122 

Forecast International 2001 12–14, 2001 15 

foreign direct investment (FDI), effects of small arms misuse 2003 144, 2003 145 

foreign intermediate parties, definition 2009 64 

Forjas Taurus (Brazil) 





strategic alliance with FAMAE of Chile 2001 30 


former combatants see ex-combatants 

Former Republic of Yugoslavia see Yugoslavia, Former Republic of 

Former Soviet Republics (FSRs), survey of producers 2003 47–9 

Former Uganda National Army (FUNA) 2006 282 

Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia see Macedonia, Former Yugoslav Republic of 

FORSDIR see Force spéciale de défense des institutions républicaines 

Fort see State Specialized Scientific Association 

Fort Association (Kazakhstan) 2005 56 

Fortna, Virginia 2009 224 

Fowler Report see United Nations (UN), Panel of Experts on Violations of Security Council Sanctions 

against UNITA 

fragile cities 2007 176–8 

fragile states, post-conflict 2009 231 

fragmentation, production 2003 10 

fragmenting munitions 

death and injury rates post-conflict 2002 163 


M16 2002 165 

Framework Agreement for Democratic Security in Central America (SICA) 2001 257 

Framework Convention on International Arms Transfers 2002 182, 2003 225, 2004 133, 2007 128–9 

France 



brokering 2001 125, 2001 126, 2002 256, 2004 154, 2004 156, 2004 157, 2004 160, 2004 161, 

2004 165 



brokering 2001 125, 2001 126, 2002 256, 2004 154, 2004 156, 2004 157, 2004 160, 2004 

161, 2004 165 



tracing initiatives 2006 96, 2006 97 

UN Programme of Action, marking and tracing 2002 226 

112


disarmament 2009 162, 2009 179 








exports 

to Africa 2003 118 






control and accountability 2002 248 

human rights 2004 128, 2004 129, 2004 130, 2004 131, 2004 132 


2007 105, 2007 106 





national reporting 2002 118–19, 2002 120, 2002 122, 2003 98 

to Rwanda 2001 207 

shotgun shell parts 2010 26, 2010 27 


transparency 2004 4, 2004 116, 2004 117, 2005 111, 2005 112, 2005 113, 2006 79, 2006 81, 

2007 74, 2007 87, 2007 88, 2009 49, 2010 15 


value 2000 2003 103 


value 2002 2005 103 

value 2003 2006 70 


French–Belgian initiative on air transport control 2010 46–7, 2010 48–9, 2010 62 


to China 2002 133 

to Ethiopia 2002 132, 2002 133 

to Former Yugoslavia 2002 133 

imports 

ammunition 2009 16, 2009 17 



list of exporters 2005 102, 2005 103, 2005 104, 2005 105, 2006 68, 2006 70, 2006 71, 2006 

72 


113





value 2000 2003 103 

value 2002 2005 107 

value 2003 2006 76 

military procurement 2006 11, 2006 13, 2006 23, 2006 27, 2006 29 

police weapons 2010 114 

policing 2004 218, 2004 225 


production 


licensed 2002 51, 2007 15, 2007 21, 2007 29 


MANPADS 2004 82, 2007 21 





survey of producers 2001 31–2, 2001 52, 2002 32–3, 2002 57 

stockpiles 

civilian holdings 2003 64, 2003 69–70, 2005 80, 2007 47–8 



data on private legal firearms 2001 84 

firearm homicides 1999 2001 239 



Gendarmerie 2001 71–2 


military 2006 45, 2006 56, 2006 57, 2007 65 



safety and security measures 2010 53–4 

Fray Luis Beltran (FLB) (Argentina) 2001 29, 2004 19–20 

Free Aceh Movement see Gerakan Aceh Merdeka 

‘freedom fighters’ 

symbolism 2001 205 


freight forwarders 2010 43 

French Polynesia 



imports 2004 281, 2004 282 


French–Belgian initiative, air transport control 2010 46–7, 2010 48, 2010 62 

Frente de Libertacão de Moçambique (FRELIMO), stockpiles 2001 64 

114

Frente Farabundo Marti para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN) (El Salvador), humanitarian 

commitments 2010 310 

Frente Patriótico Manuel Rodríguez (Chile) 2003 28 

Frey, Barbara 2007 127 

Fritz Werner (Germany) 



Iran 2002 52 




FROLINA see Front pour la libération nationale 

Front Islamique de Salut (FIS) (Algeria) 2001 171 

Front for the Liberation of the Great West (FLGO) (Côte d’Ivoire) 2006 249 

Front national de libération Icanzo (FNL-Icanzo) (Burundi) 2007 203 

Front pour la libération nationale (FROLINA) (Burundi) 2007 203 

Front for the Security of the Centre-West (FSCO) (Côte d’Ivoire) 2006 249 

Front uni national pour un Cambodge indépendant, neutre, pacifique et coopératif (FUNCINPEC) 

2006 120–1, 2006 122–3 

FRY see Yugoslavia, Former Republic of 

FSCO see Front for the Security of the Centre-West 

FSRs see Former Soviet Republics 

Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC) 2006 216–17 

acquisition networks 2005 162–3, 2005 187 

ammunition, diverted from Peru 2008 52 


civilian casualties 2006 224, 2006 226 


conflict goods 2002 140, 2002 142 

diversion of weapons from Peru 2008 113, 2008 120 


from the European Union 2004 108 

from Peru 2001 187–8, 2003 116 

from United States 2003 117 

light weapons holdings 2008 15, 2008 32 

links with Irish Republican Army 2003 285 



craft production 2004 24, 2005 47, 2006 223 


recruitment of women 2002 171 

repair of weapons 2005 47 


stockpiles 2001 80, 2002 82–3, 2003 87, 2006 221 

Fujimori, Alberto 2001 187, 2003 116, 2005 163, 2008 113, 2008 123 

full-metal jacket (FMJ) 2005 22, 2005 23 

FUNA see Former Uganda National Army 

FUNCINPEC see Front uni national pour un Cambodge indépendant, neutre, pacifique et coopératif 

115

Fund for Peace, The, Model Convention on arms brokering 2002 257–8 

funding, disarmament 2003 304, 2003 306–8 

Fuzileiros Navais (Brazilian Marines), possible ammunition diversions from 2007 309 

FX05 Xihuacóatl assault rifle 2007 26 

FYROM see Macedonia, Former Yugoslav Republic of 

G3 assault rifle 

destruction of surplus weapons 2004 60 

licensed production 2002 48–51, 2007 8 


Iran 2002 18, 2002 52 


Turkey 2001 40, 2002 50 




production 


estimate of total production 2001 63, 2006 55 

Mexico 2004 25 

RUF in Sierra Leone 2001 173 

G3A3 rifle, serial numbers 2009 116 

G3A7 assault rifle 2002 20 

G8, MANPADS 2005 129, 2005 133 

G11 rifle (HK) 2002 48–9 

G36 assault rifle 2001 63, 2002 38 


use in Georgia 2009 111 

Gabon 

illicit transfers to the Republic of the Congo 2003 262, 2003 263 


Gaborone (Botswana), carjackings 2007 172 

Gali (Georgia) 2003 209–10 

Galil assault rifle 

Colombia 2005 161, 2006 218, 2006 221, 2006 222 

exports 2002 123, 2003 112 

Israeli stockpiles 2003 77 




licensed 2007 11, 2007 27 



unlicensed 2007 11, 2007 25, 2007 27 

Gallagher, Tom 2001 201 

GAM see Gerakan Aceh Merdeka 

Gambia, The 

armed groups 2006 249, 2006 255 

116

illicit transfers from, to the RUF in Sierra Leone 2001 171, 2002 132 


Gamsakhurdia, Zviad 2003 195–6, 2003 200 

Ganda Koye Patriotic Movement (MPGK) 2005 165–7 

Gang Resistance Education and Training (GREAT) programme 2010 237–8 

gang violence 

Africa and Asia-Pacific 2010 142–4 

community action against 2008 234, 2008 235–6 

definitions 2010 131 

direct and indirect consequences 2010 132 

drug-related 2010 140, 2010 215 

Ecuador 2010 93–4, 2010 214–15 

El Salvador 2008 290 

Europe 2010 136–8 

explanations for 2010 146–9 

firearms use 2010 69, 2010 89–90, 2010 214–15 


girls as perpetrators 2010 193–7, 2010 199–201 

girls as victims 2010 197–8 

global characteristics 2010 129–30, 2010 144–5, 2010 149 

impact on children 2009 211 

Latin America and the Caribbean 2010 138–42 

levels of violence 2010 145 

location 2010 145 

motives 2010 145 


prevention programmes 2010 93–4, 2010 209, 2010 216–24 

risk factors 2008 261–2, 2008 270 

sexual assault 2010 198–9 

United States 2008 225–6, 2008 234, 2008 286 

United States and Canada 2010 132–6 

urban areas 2007 170–1, 2007 180, 2007 183 

victims 2010 69, 2010 145 

weaponry 2010 144–5 

gangs 

see also armed groups; gang violence; prison gangs 



criminal activities 2010 90, 2010 214–15 

cultures of 2010 231 

definitions 2010 86, 2010 105, 2010 130–1, 2010 186, 2010 211–12, 2010 231 

demand for small arms 2006 143, 2006 145, 2006 146–8, 2006 152 

disarmament 2010 221 

Ecuador 2010 209–24 


family treatment strategies 2010 242 

girl members 2010 91–2, 2010 185–203, 2010 231 

ethnicity 2010 192–3 

117

programming 2010 202 

reasons for joining 2010 191–3 

roles 2010 189–91 

sexual stereotypes 2010 189 

victimization 2010 198–9 

violence by 2010 193–7, 2010 199–201 

weapons 2010 196–7 

graffiti 2010 69, 2010 147, 2010 217 

gun ownership 2010 69, 2010 89, 2010 101–5, 2010 109–16, 2010 144–5, 2010 214–15 

humanitarian engagement 2010 308 

initiation rituals 2010 69, 2010 198 

interventions 2010 92–4, 2010 229–49 

Los Angeles (United States) 2007 183 


policing, broken-window strategy 2007 184 

post-conflict societies 2009 232 

reduction programmes 2009 233, 2009 239 

prevention strategies 2010 230 

environment-oriented 2010 238–40 

youth-oriented 2010 234–8 

reasons for joining 2010 191, 2010 216 

rehabilitation 2010 69, 2010 93–4, 2010 216–23 

socio-political factors 2010 230–1 

supression strategies 2010 230, 2010 244–8 

tattoos 2010 69, 2010 241 

treatment strategies 2010 230 

environment-oriented 2010 244 

youth-oriented 2010 240–2 

young men and small arms 2006 298, 2006 303, 2006 309–10, 2006 311–16 

youth groups 2010 231–3 

Garang, John 2007 319, 2007 321, 2007 322, 2010 278, 2010 279 

Gardiens de la paix (Peace Guardians) (Burundi) 2007 202, 2007 206–7, 2007 218 

Garissa (Kenya), disarmament 2003 312 

Gartner, Rosemary 2002 263 

Gary (Indiana, United States), homicide rate 2007 165 

gated communities 

São Paulo, Brazil 2007 167 


violence of urbanization 2007 176–8 

Gatkek, Wutnyang 2007 334 

GATT see General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 

Gatwitch, Simon 2007 334 

Gaza 





Palestinian craft production 2002 17 

118

stockpiles 

insurgent weapons 2002 90–4 

Israeli 2003 77, 2003 78 

GCP see Georgian Communist Party 

GDP see gross domestic product 

GDR see German Democratic Republic 

gendarmeries, stockpiles 2006 40, 2006 42, 2006 43 

gender 


armed young men 2006 295–317 

Bougainville conflict 2004 295 


effects of gun violence 2001 213, 2003 147–8 

firearm homicides, United States 2001 204, 2001 239 

firearm-related deaths, Brazil 2007 228, 2007 231, 2007 243–4, 2007 245, 2007 246 

firearm-related violence, South Sudan 2007 329 



policing 2004 227, 2004 235 

victimization 2004 178, 2004 179, 2004 183–4, 2004 194 

Colombia 2006 228, 2006 239 

violence risk 2008 252–3, 2008 258–9, 2009 196, 2009 197 

refugees 2009 202 

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), offset deals 2007 12 

General Dynamics (United States) 

acquisitions 2001 2002 12 


manucfaturing sectors 2005 59 


ownership of Santa Barbara Sistemas 2002 37, 2002 38, 2004 7 

general-purpose machine guns (GPMGs) 2004 31 

as light weapons 2008 10 

Republic of the Congo, militia holdings 2003 268 


Geneva Call 2009 182 

anti-personnel mine ban 2010 309, 2010 312, 2010 313 


and armed groups 2010 306, 2010 307 

children’s rights 2009 208, 2009 209 

new humanitarianism 2002 184 

new wars 2002 174, 2002 181 

Protocols 1977 2002 179 

supply-side controls 2001 223 

supply-side humanitarianism 2002 182 

Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development (2006) 2007 117, 2007 127, 2007 178, 

2008 275 

Geneva Process 2004 259, 2004 262–3, 2009 137 

genocide 

119

complicity in 2007 131 

international humanitarian law and enforcement 2002 180 

Rwanda, accessibility thesis 2001 206–7 


transfer controls 2007 132 



Georgia 2003 191–211 

conflict, arms sourcing 2005 169, 2005 171–2 


exports 

human rights 2004 130, 2004 132 

irresponsible transfers to Uganda 2007 107 




illicit transfers through 

to Chechnya 2001 179–80, 2004 132 


imports, from the United States 2003 107 


production 2002 57, 2003 38, 2003 48 



weapons availability 2005 184 


Georgian Communist Party (GCP) 2003 192 

Georgian National Guard 2003 193–4, 2003 195, 2003 196, 2003 197 

Gerakan Aceh Merdeka (GAM) 2006 253 

autonomy demands 2009 252, 2009 253 


demobilization 2009 249 

human rights violations 2007 76, 2007 78 


reintegration 

economic reintegration 2009 264–6 



targeting individuals 2009 266–8 


German Democratic Republic (GDR) (East Germany) 

ammunition 

exports to Uganda 2007 293 

stockpiles 2008 91, 2008 93, 2008 94 

military stockpiles 2001 74–5, 2001 76, 2006 43, 2006 44, 2006 46, 2006 53 



Germany 

120

see also German Democratic Republic; Germany, Federal Republic 


brokering 

controls 2002 255, 2002 256, 2004 150, 2004 157, 2004 159, 2004 160, 2004 161 

licensing of 2004 154, 2004 155, 2004 156 


brokering 2002 255, 2002 256, 2004 150, 2004 157, 2004 159, 2004 160, 2004 161 



MANPADS 2005 130–6 


destruction programmes 2002 74, 2004 58, 2004 60, 2008 96, 2008 97, 2008 98 

disarmament 2009 162, 2009 179 








exports 


ammunition 2006 67, 2009 14, 2009 15 


classification of 2004 107, 2004 108 



government data 2001 150 

human rights 2004 128, 2004 129, 2004 130, 2004 131, 2004 132, 2004 133 


2007 105, 2007 106, 2007 107 

list of importers 2005 106, 2005 107, 2005 108, 2005 109, 2006 75, 2006 76, 2006 77, 2006 

78 

military firearms 2002 115, 2002 116, 2009 34, 2009 39 



national reporting 2002 119, 2002 120, 2002 124–5 

pistols and revolvers 2001 146, 2001 147, 2002 114, 2009 20, 2009 21, 2009 41 

producer dependence on 2004 123, 2004 125 



shotguns 2002 114 





transparency 2003 98, 2004 4, 2004 116, 2004 117, 2005 112, 2005 113, 2006 80, 2006 81, 

2007 74, 2007 87, 2007 88, 2009 8, 2009 49, 2010 8, 2010 13, 2010 15 

121


value 2000 2003 103, 2003 104 


value 2002 2005 97, 2005 98, 2005 100, 2005 102, 2005 103 

value 2003 2006 65, 2006 68, 2006 70 



and civilian ownership 2001 203, 2001 239, 2004 53 


gun crime 2007 51 

illicit transfers from, to Bosnia and Herzegovina 2002 133 


border seizures 2005 115, 2005 116 

smuggled guns 2003 71 

imports 

ammunition 2006 67, 2009 16 

Brazil 2004 123 



list of exporters 2005 102, 2005 103, 2005 104, 2005 105, 2006 68–73 







from the United States 2001 154, 2003 106, 2004 120 

value 1994–1998 2001 157 

value 2000 2003 103 


value 2002 2005 107 

value 2003 2006 65 



Private Security Companies 2001 220 

production 

export to the United States 1991–1996 2001 27 


licensed 


licenses granted by 2007 29 


technology acquirers 2007 15 

technology owners 2007 15, 2007 16, 2007 17 


MANPADS 2004 81, 2004 82, 2007 21 

manufacturing sectors 2005 46, 2005 54, 2005 56, 2005 59, 2005 61 


122





stockpiles 2004 54, 2004 56, 2004 60 

civilian holdings 2003 64, 2003 69–70, 2004 53, 2007 47–8, 2007 51–2 



data on private legal firearms 2001 84, 2001 86, 2001 87 



law enforcement 2006 40 








Germany, Federal Republic (West Germany), military stockpiles 2006 57 

Ghana 





illicit craft production 2003 29–30, 2005 47, 2005 48, 2006 255, 2006 258 


imports 2003 117, 2004 113, 2006 72 



stockpiles, insurgents 2003 82 

Giat Industries (France) 2002 31 


Beretta 2001 32 

financial indicators 2002 21 

major companies 2003 15 


most popular assault rifles 2001 20 

survey of producers 2001 32, 2002 32–3 

Gibraltar, tax havens and brokers 2001 105 

girls 

child soldiers 2009 197, 2010 195 

gang membership 2010 91–2, 2010 185–203, 2010 231 

victimization 2010 198–9 

violence against 2009 196 

violence by 2010 193–7, 2010 199–201 

weapon use 2010 196–7 

glasnost, Georgia 2003 192 

123

Glatz, Anne-Kathrin 2006 144 

global cities 2007 162–3 

global costs of small arms violence 2006 194–5, 2006 200–2 

global measures 2001 276–81, 2002 226 


global positioning systems (GPS), mortar guidance systems 2008 27 

Global Principles 2007 130 

global small arms industry 2001 9–17, 2002 10, 2002 11–15, 2003 11–20 

global small arms trade 2003 12–13, 2003 100–2, 2004 100–14, 2006 65–78 

2000–2006 2009 11–25 

Global Witness 2004 112 

globalization 

arms brokers 2001 98 

brokers 2001 105, 2001 107–10, 2001 129 

cities 2007 163 

effects of small arms 2001 199 


organized crime 2001 220–1 

transport agents 2001 112, 2001 129 

Glock (Austria) 

exports, transparency 2007 95–6 


handguns used in crime in the US 2001 23 




pistols 2009 42 

exports, to the United States 2003 103–4 

police handguns 2004 49, 2004 57 


go-between countries, West African armed groups 2006 256 

Godnick, William 2002 309 

Golden Sentry programme (United States) 2005 135 

end-use monitoring 2008 170 

Golden Wings 2007 82 

González-Torres, Félix 2005 150–1 

Good Friday Agreement (1998) (Northern Ireland) 2002 292–3, 2003 284–6 

Goods for Guns (El Salvador) 2002 294, 2002 295 

Gorbachev, Mikhail, Georgia 2003 192 

Goryunov SG43 machine gun, Burundi 2007 204 

GoS see Government of Sudan 

GoSS see Government of Southern Sudan 

governance 

urban armed violence 2007 176–8, 2007 180 


violence reduction programmes 2007 179 


Government Arsenal (Philippines), licensed production 2007 18 

124

Government of National Unity (GNU) (Sudan) 2007 319, 2007 320, 2007 332 

Government Rifle Factory (India) 2002 45 

Government of Southern Sudan (GoSS) 2007 318, 2007 320 

civilian disarmament 2007 327, 2007 333–6 

conflicts 2010 281–3 

DDR 2007 332–3 

disarmament policy 2010 283 

local security arrangements 2007 339 


Other Armed Groups 2007 321 

relations with National Congress Party 2010 277–8 

Government of Sudan (GoS) 


militias in South Sudan 2007 319–25, 2007 326 

transfers from, to armed groups in South Sudan 2007 321 

violence in South Sudan 2007 318–20 

government-to-government transfers 


international 2009 9 

governments 

see also municipal governments; states 

brokering 

control measures 2002 253, 2002 254–6 

use of 2001 99 

conflict goods 2002 140–1 


brokering 2002 253, 2002 254–6 

Middle East 2003 79 



domestic defence industry, central and eastern Europe 2003 37–9 

effectiveness variable, weapons prices 2007 263, 2007 264, 2007 266, 2007 281, 2007 282, 2007 

283 

former insurgents becoming legitimate authorities 2001 82–3 

human rights law 2002 179 



brokers 2001 97, 2001 101–5 

complicity in 2001 129 

diversion from legal to illicit realm 2002 128–35 

grey market 2001 166 

violations of end-user certificates 2002 134–5 

irresponsible transfers 2007 73, 2007 75–81 

legal transfers 2001 141, 2001 142, 2001 147–55 

information on exports 2003 98–102 

national arms controls 2001 124–6 

national export reporting 2002 117–23 


125

production 

regulation of producers 2001 7–8 

Russian Federation 2004 15, 2004 16 

security and development 2003 154–5 

stockpiles 2001 60, 2001 62 

firearms theft 2004 65 


stockpile security 2004 54–60 


transparency in the United States 2004 12 

transport agents 2001 112 

UNITA supply networks 2001 117 


use of private military companies 2001 109 

Yemen 2003 181–2 

GPMGs see general-purpose machine guns 

GPP see Gramsh Weapons in Exchange for Development Pilot Programme; Group of Patriots for Peace 

graffiti, gangs 2010 69, 2010 147, 2010 217 

Gramsh Weapons in Exchange for Development Pilot Programme (GPP) (Albania) 2002 298–300, 

2002 301–3 

grass-roots initiatives, Central America 2001 257–8 

Gray, Colin 2009 159, 2009 181 

GREAT see Gang Resistance Education and Training 

Great Lakes and Horn of Africa 2003 307 

armed violence 2007 317 


countries of 2001 259 



Greece 

civilian ownership 2001 203, 2001 239, 2003 64 




exports 









to Former Yugoslavia 2002 132 

to the PKK 2001 176 

illicit transfers to, ant trade from FRY 2003 71 

imports 


126







value 2002 2005 107 

value 2003 2006 76 


policing, human rights violations by police 2004 236 


production 


licensed 2002 45, 2002 51, 2007 12, 2007 15, 2007 18, 2007 21 






terrorism, November 17 2003 72 

trends 2000 2003 104 

Greek Powder and Cartridge Company (Pyrkal) 2001 38 

‘green’ ammunition 2005 16–17 

Green Boys (The Gambia) 2006 249 

Greene, Owen 2007 41 

Grenada 




grenade launchers 

see also rocket-propelled grenade launchers 

Colombia 2006 218, 2006 225 




Georgia 2003 203–4 

hand-held 2008 24 




production 


most important companies 2003 14–15, 2004 27 


technological developments 2003 23–4, 2003 25 

stockpiles 


police 2001 69, 2006 43 

127


US Army inventory (2001) 2002 84 

types 2008 24–5 

grenades 

Burundi 2007 212, 2007 213, 2007 216, 2007 219–20 

Georgia 2003 203–4 

producers 



production 2010 31 


technological developments 2010 33 

transfers 2010 10, 2010 27–9, 2010 30 


grey market 2001 4, 2001 167–70, 2001 175–6, 2001 179–80, 2001 190 

see also irresponsible small arms transfers 

brokers 2001 95, 2001 97, 2001 101–2 



definitions 2001 141, 2001 165–6, 2001 167, 2002 128 

Eastern Europe 2001 175–6 


post-Cold War trends 2001 168–9 

regional surveys 2001 169–70 

South Caucasus 2001 179–80 

GRIP see Groupe de recherche et d’information sur la paix et la sécurité 

gross domestic product (GDP) 

correlation to civilian holdings 2007 55, 2007 57–60 


demand, prices 2007 264, 2007 265, 2007 281, 2007 282, 2007 283 


group insecurity, disarmament 2003 301 

Group of Patriots for Peace (GPP) (Côte d’Ivoire) 2006 249 

group status, demand for small arms 2006 152–3 

Groupe de recherche et d’information sur la paix et la sécurité (GRIP) 2002 247, 2006 96, 2006 97, 

2006 258 

Groupe Herstal (Belgium) 2001 31, 2002 31 

Groupes pour l’autodéfense civile (Burundi) 2007 206 

Guadalcanal 2005 30 

Guatemala 

conflict 

deaths 2005 237, 2005 240, 2005 242–3, 2005 246–7 







128




gangs 

gun ownership 2010 112, 2010 113, 2010 115 


homicides 2009 227, 2009 228 

illicit transfers to 2001 169, 2001 188 

imports 2003 114–16, 2006 71 



post-conflict deaths 2005 269, 2005 270, 2005 274 




production 2001 16, 2001 25, 2001 52, 2002 57 


thefts from civilian owners 2002 137, 2002 138 


Guatemala City, urban armed violence 2007 170–1 

Guayaquil (Ecuador) 

Barrio de Paz 2010 218–20, 2010 223 

gangs 2010 93, 2010 209–24 


membership 2010 106, 2010 107, 2010 210–11 

rehabilitation programmes 2010 216–21 

homicides 2010 219, 2010 220 

Guernsey, tax havens and brokers 2001 105 

Guerrero, Rodrigo 2006 230 

guerrillas 

see also insurgents; rebel groups 


Colombia 2006 215, 2006 216–17, 2006 235 


conflict-related civilian killings 2006 224 

DDR 2006 233–4 

illicit trafficking 2006 222–3 



insurgent firearms 2001 77–83 

Latin America, stockpiles 2003 87 


Nepal 2003 113 

People’s War militaries 2006 47 

prices and consumer taste 2002 70 


guided light weapons 


129

held by non-state actors 2008 32–3 

guided weapon systems 2005 46 

Guinea 

armed groups 

children in 2006 251 

command structures 2006 252 


sources of weapons 2006 255 

state forces acting as 2006 259 




destruction programmes 





to Liberia 2002 132, 2004 131, 2005 169, 2006 256 

to Sierra Leone 2001 172 






refugee camps 2005 273 

Guinea-Bissau 

armed groups 2006 254, 2006 256 



Gujarat massacre (2002) 2003 59–60 

Gulabi Gang (India), weapons 2010 197 

Gulf War (1990–1991) 2005 269, 2006 9–10 

post-conflict mortality 2009 222 

gun culture 

Burundi 2007 216–17 

civilian ownership 2007 58, 2007 59, 2007 62 

connection with violence 2007 40 

Europe 2003 63, 2003 66–9 

Kosovo 2005 205–23 



post-conflict 2005 275, 2005 280 

Yemen 2007 45 

Gun Destruction Day 2003 60 

Gun Experiment (Kansas City, United States) 2006 312 

gun ownership, Southern Lebanon 2009 329–30 

Gun Project (Boston United States) 2006 148, 2006 155, 2006 312–13, 2007 181, 2008 286, 2010 246 

gun-free zones 2005 281, 2005 282 

130


South Africa 2006 152, 2006 156, 2006 157 

gunsmiths 2005 46–9, 2005 51–3 

Guyana 2001 254 

illicit transfers to Brazil 2007 306 


Haaning, Jens 2005 154 

Habyarimana, Juvenal 2007 199 

Hadash, Salah 2003 184 

Hague Conventions (1899) 2002 179, 2005 22 

Haiti 

children affected by violence 2009 203, 2009 204 

community security mechanisms 2009 233, 2009 238 

conflict, arms sourcing to 2005 160, 2005 163–5, 2005 172 

DDR and weapons reduction 2005 288, 2009 184, 2009 187, 2009 237 


peace agreements 2003 283 

UNDP 2003–2006 2005 72, 2005 289, 2005 292, 2005 293 

UNMIH 1993–1996 2003 283, 2003 293 

US Army peace-building 1994–1995 2002 302, 2002 311, 2003 280 


gangs 2010 308 

girl members 2010 190, 2010 197 

military collapse 2008 60 


policing 


use of automatic rifles 2005 183 

post-conflict demand for weapons 2005 281 




urban conflict 2010 197 

urban political armed violence 2007 173–4 

weapons lotteries 2009 240 

al Hakimi, Abdul Salam 2007 45 

halfway-house arrangements, post-conflict security 2009 236 

HALO Trust, Georgia 2003 210 

Hamas 

Al-Qassam rockets 2008 15 





hand grenades 

Colombia 2006 223, 2006 226 


131

production, Saudi Arabia 2002 18 

hand-held grenade launchers 2008 24 

handguns 

see also pistols; revolvers 

border seizures 2005 115–16 

Brazil, urban violence 2007 228, 2007 231 

changing patterns of ownership 2007 63 


national control of civilian ownership 2002 264, 2002 265, 2002 268–9 

exports 




imported into United States 2001 26–7, 2003 106, 2009 8 



production 

Brazil 2001 29–30 

licensed 2007 18, 2007 20, 2007 21–2 

most important companies 2003 14–15 

United States 2001 26, 2003 17, 2003 18 

unlicensed 2007 20 


stockpiles 


Europe 2003 67, 2003 69, 2006 83 

military 2006 53, 2006 54, 2006 55–6 

police 2001 69, 2001 70, 2006 42–3 


used in crime 2001 22–3 

handloading 2005 15–16, 2005 17 

Harkat ul-Ansar (HUA) (Kashmir), guided light weapons holdings 2008 32 

harmonization 

control 2002 236 

marking, ammunition 2002 245 


Harmonized System (HS), customs codes 2009 10, 2009 26, 2009 27 

‘harvest guerrillas’, South Sudan 2007 320 

H.Cegielski-Poznan (Poland) 2003 42 

HDI see Human Development Index 

health 

availability of small arms 2003 128 

ballistics 2001 240 

care resources 2001 215 




costs of gun violence, Uganda 2003 134–5 

132

effects on human development 2003 132 


indicators of humanitarian impacts 2002 159–60 

indirect effects of small arms 2001 214–18 


post-conflict 2005 272–4, 2009 222–3 

violence-induced displacement 2002 160 

healthcare services 

accounting for the cost of gun violence 2003 133, 2003 135 


civilian disabilities 2002 164–5 

costs of small arms violence 2006 189–91, 2006 195–7, 2006 199, 2006 201, 2006 202–4, 2006 

207–8 

effects of small arms misuse on human development 2003 131, 2003 132, 2003 141 

firearm-related injuries 2002 166 

Palestinian territories 2002 165 

victims of firearms violence, Burundi 2007 214–15 

heavy machine guns (HMGs) 







production 2004 31–2, 2004 34, 2004 46 


types 2008 21–2 

Heckler & Koch (H&K) (Germany) 

company profile (2000) 2002 34, 2002 39–40 

exports 

to India 2003 112 

to Nepal 2003 113 


joint ventures 2004 7 

licensed production 2001 12 

exports by licensees 2002 53 

G3 assault rifle 2007 8 

G36 rifle 2007 12, 2007 26 

HK33E assault rifle 2007 12 

Iran 2002 18 

irresponsible transfer of technology 2007 27 

Middle East 2002 41, 2002 48–53 


as technology owner 2007 16 


machine guns 2001 20, 2001 21, 2003 22 

major producers by weapon type 2004 27, 2004 28, 2004 29 


133



ownership of 2001 2002 12 




weapons used in humans rights abuses 2004 126 

Heckler & Koch (United States), military procurement 2006 24 

Hekmatyar, Gulbuddin 2003 79 

Hela region (Papua New Guinea), armed violence 2006 166, 2006 169, 2006 174, 2006 176, 2006 

178, 2006 180–2 

Hellenic Arms Industry (EBO) (Greece) 2001 38, 2005 57 

licensed production 2002 45, 2002 51, 2002 53, 2007 18 

Helsinki Memorandum of Understanding (MoU), Aceh 2009 249, 2009 253, 2009 256–7 

Henry Repeating Arm Co. (United States) 2005 54 

Hezbollah 

arms supply 2009 322, 2009 332 

conflict use 2005 187, 2005 196 

covert transfers from, to Somalia 2007 94 





illicit transfers to Palestinian groups 2002 131 


MANPADS 2004 89, 2004 93 

public attitudes 2009 331 

relations with state 2010 117 

RPG-7 2004 37 


support for 2009 326–7 

High-Power pistol, licensed production 2007 18 

High-Precision Weapons Corporation (Russian Federation) 2003 19, 2004 15 

high-tech electronics production 2005 46, 2005 58–62, 2005 63–4 

hijackings, Georgia 2003 209 

Hirtenberger (Austria) 2002 21, 2002 30, 2005 57 

Hisbah Groups (Nigeria) 2006 249 

HIV/AIDS 


treating injuries 2001 216 

Hizbollah see Hezbollah 

Hizbul Mujahideen (HM) (Kashmir), guided light weapons holdings 2008 32 

HK MP-43 machine gun 2003 22 

HK MP5 sub-machine gun 

licensed production 


Iran 2002 18, 2002 52 

Turkey 2001 40, 2002 20 

134

worldwide 2002 50, 2002 51 

most popular machine guns 2001 19, 2001 20 

HK21 Series machine gun 2001 20, 2001 21 

HK33 assault rifles 2001 40, 2002 50, 2002 51 

HK33E assault rifle, licensed production 2007 12 

HMGs see heavy machine guns 

HN-5 MANPADS 2004 82, 2004 84, 2004 88 

Bolivia 2008 102 

destruction of 2008 100, 2008 102 

hollow-point bullets 2005 23 

Holy Spirit Movement (HSM) (Uganda) 2006 275, 2006 277 

homemade explosives, Palestine 2003 78 

homemade production see craft production 

homicides 


accessibility thesis 2004 182–6 

Africa 2004 192–3 


Brazil 2007 230–3 


Canada 2004 62, 2004 68 


Colombia 2002 164, 2006 215, 2006 216–17, 2006 223–32, 2006 234–5, 2006 236–8 


England and Wales 2002 271 


Trinidad and Tobago 2010 129, 2010 141 

United States 2010 132–5, 2010 146 

global 2002 156–7, 2002 160 

Guatemala, urban armed violence 2007 170–1 

Haiti 2007 173–4 

Iraq 2004 44 


Latin America and the Caribbean 2004 50, 2004 52–4, 2004 69 



Pakistan, Karachi 2007 175 


South Sudan 2007 329, 2007 330–1 

substitution effect 2004 186–90 


United Kingdom 2002 271, 2004 189 

United States, correlation to city size 2007 165, 2007 166 

urban violence 2007 164–7, 2007 170–1, 2007 173–4 


Venezuela, urban violence 2007 186 

Yemen 2003 181–5 


135

Homies Unidos 2010 222–3 

Honduras 


conflict 


sourcing 2005 162 


Citizen Security Committees 2001 257–8 



DDR and weapons reduction programmes 2005 290, 2005 293 

firearm homicides and suicides, homicides 2000 2001 232 

gangs 




to Colombia 2004 130, 2005 162 

to Mexico 2001 189 

imports 2004 110, 2005 106, 2006 71 

insecurity 2002 166, 2002 195 

police, extrajudicial executions of children 2004 236 


Hong Kong 

exports 

human rights 2004 129, 2004 131 

irresponsible transfers from 2007 99, 2007 101, 2007 103, 2007 104, 2007 106 

gangs, gendered structure 2010 193 



Horn of Africa see Great Lakes and Horn of Africa 

hospital admissions 

Burundi 2007 214–15 



Papua New Guinea 2006 170–1, 2006 172, 2006 174 

household-name producers 2005 45, 2005 53–5, 2005 63 

HS see Harmonized System 

HS Product (Croatia) 2003 45, 2005 54, 2005 55 

HSBA see Human Security Baseline Assessment 

HSM see Holy Spirit Movement 

Hug, Peter 2007 54, 2007 55 

Human Development Index (HDI) 

Brazil 2007 245 

Rio de Janeiro 2007 237 

Yemen 2003 171–2 

human development indicators, homicides 2001 232–3 

human rights 2004 1–2 


136

okering 2004 161 








Haiti 2007 174 

humanitarian law 2001 222–5, 2007 136 

Indonesia 2004 99 

irresponsible transfers 2007 73, 2007 75–81, 2007 98–107 


Nepal 2003 113 

norms 2003 219–20 

policing 2004 4, 2004 213–43 


shift to rights-based approach 2002 178 

supply-side control 2001 223 

transfer controls, implementation of international humanitarian law 2007 136 

transfers 2004 99, 2004 125–33 


UN Review Conference (2006) 2007 119, 2007 124 

violations in conflict 2002 155–93 

violence and crime 2002 176–92, 2004 173 


human rights law 

definitions 2002 179 

violence 2002 176–92 

Human Rights Watch (HRW) 2004 1 

Haiti 2007 174 

monitoring UN embargoes 2004 127, 2004 271 

Monrovia, Liberia 2005 183 

stigmatization of transfers to human rights abusers 2002 183–4 


surplus military weapons 2006 25 

tracing of weapons involved in human rights abuses 2004 127 


violations of ECOWAS moratorium 2004 112 

violence against women by police in Gujarat 2002 2004 235 


Human Security Baseline Assessment (HSBA) 2010 278 

Sudan 2007 317 

human security movement 2004 173 

global norms 2003 228, 2003 230 

Human Security Report (HSR) 2005 238–9, 2005 247 

humanitarian agencies 

data collection 2002 158 

137

disruption of aid 2001 224 

impacts of small arms 2002 157 

military protection for personnel 2002 189–90 

safety of personnel 2002 188–9 

security personnel 2002 191 


humanitarian agreements 2010 312 

humanitarian approach 

new humanitarianism 2002 181, 2002 184–6 

operational perspective 2002 181, 2002 186–92 

supply-side 2002 181, 2002 182–4 


Humanitarian Coalition on Small Arms 2002 183–4 

humanitarian engagement, armed groups 2010 306–15 

humanitarian impacts 2002 6, 2002 155–93, 2003 125–59 

data 2002 158 

Georgia 2003 206–7 

global norms 2003 228, 2003 230 

indicators 2002 157–60 

new wars 2002 173–6 

UN response to 2002 176 

humanitarian international 2002 178 


see also international humanitarian law 





humanization of 2002 179–81 

new wars 2002 174–6 

violence 2002 176–92 

humanitarian operations 

armed protection 2002 191 

conflict deaths 2005 252–3 


impartiality 2002 185–6, 2002 189–90 


military involvement 2002 189–90 

politization of 2002 185–6 

post-conflict phase 2005 269 

protection, definition 2002 190 

safety, definition 2002 190 

security, definition 2002 190 

security of personnel 2002 186–92 


humanitarianism, definition 2002 177–8 

Hun Sen 2006 120–2, 2006 123, 2008 96, 2008 98 

Hungary 

138

okering 2004 153, 2004 156, 2004 157, 2004 160, 2004 161 




exports 2003 41, 2009 30 





military firearms 2009 35, 2009 38, 2009 39 





production 


government control 2003 37–8 

licensed 2007 15, 2007 17–19, 2007 18 



survey of producers 2001 35, 2001 36, 2001 37, 2001 52, 2002 57, 2003 38, 2003 41–2 

Hungerford (UK) 2009 171 

hunting weapons 

see also sporting firearms 

Algeria, irresponsible transfers to 2007 77 

Brazil 

exports to the United States 2007 95–6 

rural violence 2007 228, 2007 231 

civilian ownership, patterns of 2007 63 

exports 2002 113–14, 2002 115, 2006 68–73 

from Russia 2003 110–11 

WSFA data 2002 124, 2002 125 



Kosovo 2005 214 

Morocco 2005 86–7 



Hutus, Burundi 2007 199–203, 2007 207, 2007 221 

hypercities 2007 162 

IACP see International Association of Chiefs of Police 

IADB see Inter-American Development Bank 

IANSA see International Action Network on Small Arms 

IATA see International Air Transport Association 

IBDB see Instrument Building Design Bureau 

Ibis Air International 2001 104 

ICAO see International Civil Aviation Organization 

139

ICC see International Criminal Court 

ICCE see Instituto de Criminalistica Carlos Éboli 

ICCPR see International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 

Iceland 2005 61, 2006 27 

ICG see International Crisis Group 

ICHRP see International Council on Human Rights Policy 

ICRC see International Committee of the Red Cross 

ICRG see International Country Risk Guide 

ICVS see International Crime Victims Surveys 

IDB see Inter-American Development Bank 

IDDRS see United Nations (UN), Integrated Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration 

Standards 

Idema, Jonathan Keith 2005 195 

identity 

demand for small arms 2006 144, 2006 149, 2006 152–3 


Yemen 2003 179, 2003 185, 2003 186 

young men and small arms 2006 300–1, 2006 302, 2006 304–7 

ideology 

armed groups 2006 252, 2006 253 


IDF see Israel Defense Forces 

IDPs see internally displaced persons 

IDSA see Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses 

IEDs see improvised explosive devices 

IFM see Isatabu Freedom Movement 

IFOR see Implementation Force 

IGAD see Inter-Governmental Authority on Development 

Ignatieff, Michael, human rights 2002 178, 2002 181 

IHL see international humanitarian law 

IHRL see international human rights law 

IIC see international import certificate 

IICD see Independent International Commission on Decommissioning 

IISS see International Institute for Strategic Studies 

Ikhwan-ul Muslimoon (Muslim Brotherhood) 2010 261–2 

illegal transfers, definition 2007 74 

illicit firearms 

see also illicit transfers 

Africa 2003 80, 2003 81, 2004 194, 2004 198 

amnesties 2004 57, 2004 59, 2004 71, 2004 188, 2004 298–300, 2004 303 


bought by police officers for others 2006 39 

Canada 2004 68 


China 2002 96–7, 2003 86 

Colombia 2006 215, 2006 219, 2006 220–1, 2006 222–3 

confiscation, International Tracing Instrument 2006 107 

cost/benefit of 2006 150, 2006 153–8 

140

definition, International Tracing Instrument 2006 104–5, 2006 109 


European unregistered guns 2003 70–2 


Latin America 2004 24, 2004 51, 2004 52 

Pacific 2004 298–300, 2004 303 

Pakistan 2002 100, 2004 195 



tracing cooperation 2006 108–9 


illicit production 

China 2002 96 

control measures, Inter-American Convention 2001 253 


illicit transfers 2001 165–89, 2002 109–11, 2002 128–45, 2005 113–16 

see also ant trade; black market; diversions; illicit firearms; smuggling; trafficking 

Africa 2001 170–5, 2003 118–19 

Americas 2001 184–9 

Argentina 2007 29 


Asia 2001 180–4 


brokering 2001 4, 2001 95–130, 2002 254–5, 2004 141–66 



chain of possibilities 2002 110 

Colombia 2001 106–7, 2001 168–9, 2001 178–9, 2001 187–9, 2003 116, 2004 128, 2004 129–30, 

2006 85, 2006 87, 2006 217, 2006 219 

to conflict zones 2005 159–73 



ASEAN initiatives 2001 267–8 

customs procedures 2010 58 

EU initiatives 2001 269 



Inter-American Convention 2001 253, 2001 256–7 

legal transfers 2007 117, 2007 122–4 

Southern Africa 2001 261–2 

data on 2006 88 

definitions 2001 141, 2001 165–6, 2001 167, 2002 111, 2002 128, 2007 74 

disturbing legal transfers 2001 155–6 

ECOWAS 2004 112 

effect of legal transfers 2001 141 


Europe 2001 175–80 

from the Former Yugoslavia 2003 111 

141

fuelled by DDR programmes 2005 285–6 

grey market 2001 141 

insurgency weapons 2001 78–9, 2001 83 


Kyrgyzstan 2004 311, 2004 322–4 


links to legal transfers 2002 128–39, 2002 206 

MANPADS 2004 88–9, 2004 90, 2004 92–3 

marking 2002 244–5 

Mexico 2004 52 



from non-EU Europe 2003 108 

Pacific 2004 277, 2004 285–90 

patterns 2001 168–9 

prices 2007 264 

prices as an indicator of stockpiles 2002 65 

production sectors 2005 46–7 

to the Republic of the Congo 2003 261–2 

scope 2001 166–9 

from Serbia 2004 103 

to Sierra Leone 2001 119–23, 2001 170, 2001 171–3 

South America 2006 65, 2006 83–7 

stockpile management and security 2002 258 

stolen firearms 2004 60–1 


to Sudan 2001 173–5, 2007 320–1 

tracing of 2009 107–31 

transit countries 

Bangladesh 2002 143–5 


Thailand 2002 142–3 

Yemen 2004 102 

transport by sea 2002 144 

transportation 2010 44–5 

to Uganda, Lord’s Resistance Army 2007 325 

UN Firearms Protocol 2001 278–80, 2002 238–9 

UN Programme of Action 2002 208–9, 2002 222 

UN Small Arms Conference (2001) 2001 280–1, 2001 282, 2002 203–31, 2002 228 

to UNITA in Angola 2001 116–19, 2001 173, 2002 131–3, 2002 134, 2002 249, 2004 130, 2004 

265, 2004 269 

of weapons produced under licence 2007 28–31 

Ilyushin-18, use in diversion of weapons 2008 116, 2008 117 

Ilyushin-76, use in diversion of weapons 2008 115, 2008 120, 2008 124 

IMBEL see Indústria de Material Bélico do Brasil 

IMI see Israel Military Industries 

imitation guns, definitions of small arms 2003 59 

immunization 2002 170, 2002 172–3 

142

impact evaluation, weapons collection 2002 312 

Implementation Force (IFOR), disarmament 2003 283, 2003 299, 2003 300 

import licences 

brokers and transport agents 2001 124 



import marks, weapons tracing 2009 118–20 

importing state, definition 2009 64 

imports 


shotgun shell parts 2010 26–7 

shotgun shells 2010 25–6 

small-calibre 2009 16–17 

small-calibre cartridges and parts 2010 23–4 

Colombia 2005 161, 2006 217–21, 2006 236 

Comtrade data 2000–2006 2009 11–25, 2009 52 





customs data to 1999 2001 156–8 

customs data 1999 2002 112–17 

customs data 2000 2003 98–120 

customs data 2001 100–1, 2004 108–14 

customs data 2002 2005 97, 2005 116–17 

customs data 2003 2006 65–78 

European Union 2003 103–5 




International Tracing Instrument 2006 95, 2006 99, 2006 100, 2006 106–7 


Middle East, 1993–2000 2002 16 

military small arms and light weapons 2009 23–5 


non-EU Europe 2003 111 

Pacific 2004 280–2, 2004 303 

pistols and revolvers 2009 20–2 

Republic of the Congo 2003 261–2, 2003 270–2 


South Asia 2003 111–12 

sporting shotguns 2009 17–20 



UN Firearms Protocol, marking 2002 240–1 

United States 2003 105–6, 2004 13 

value 2002 2005 98 

value 2003 99–100 

143

Yemen 2003 172–7 

improvised explosive devices (IEDs) 

from diverted weapons 2008 61 

Iraq 2008 14, 2008 61 

use by non-state actors 2008 14–15, 2008 31, 2010 123 

IMU see Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan 

IMZ see Ishevsky Mekhanichesky Zavod 

in-transit procedures, control, OAS Model Regulations 2001 255 

INA see Indústria Nacional de Armas 

incentives, weapons collection 2002 286, 2002 287, 2002 303, 2002 305–6 

income 

firearm homicides, Brazil 2007 235 

prices of assault rifles 2007 262, 2007 263, 2007 264, 2007 265 

INDEP (Portugal) 2002 51, 2002 53 

independence conflicts, Georgia 2003 191–6 

Independent International Commission on Decommissioning (IICD) 2002 292, 2003 285 

India 

black-market prices for AK47 rifle 2002 66 

conflict 


Gujarat massacre 2002 2003 59–60 




regional cooperation on small arms 2002 216 







to Nepal 2003 113 

transparency 2010 13, 2010 16 

value 2003 2006 72 

illicit transfers from, to non-state actors 2002 129 


Bangladesh as a transit country 2002 143–4 

from Pakistan 2001 181 


imports 

from Bulgaria 2003 108 


lack of data on 2004 101 



trends 2000 2003 112 



144

militias 2010 270 


policing 


violence against women by police 2004 235 

prices 

AK47 rifles 2002 66 


production 


illicit production 2001 46–7 

licensed 2002 45, 2007 9, 2007 11, 2007 15, 2007 18 


manufacturing 2005 61 



stockpiles 

civilian holdings 2002 80, 2002 101, 2007 47–9, 2007 62 


estimates 2007 53 

Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam 2001 80 

military 2002 100–1, 2006 56, 2006 57 

paramilitary forces 2001 71–2 


indicators 

correlation to civilian holdings 2007 57–60 



evaluating weapons collection programmes 2002 312–13 

humanitarian impacts of small arms 2002 157–60 

indirect conflict deaths 

compared to direct deaths 2005 253, 2005 254–6, 2005 257–9 

counting 2005 233–41, 2005 251–7 


global estimates 2005 230, 2005 256–7 

indirect counter-trade arrangements 2007 10–11 

indirect offsets 2007 12 

Individual Airburst Weapon System 2010 33, 2010 34 

individual insecurity, disarmament 2003 301 

individual transfers, international 2009 9 

individualism, firearm suicides, Brazil 2007 245 

Indonesia 

see also Aceh 

Aceh peace agreement 2009 252–3 


Bappenas 2009 257, 2009 258 


DDR and weapons reduction programmes 2005 291, 2009 185 

145



human rights violations 2007 76, 2007 77–9 

illicit transfers to, Thailand as a transit country 2002 143 

imports 


human rights 2004 99, 2004 128, 2004 130–1 

irresponsible transfers to 2007 76, 2007 77–9, 2007 101 



value 2002 2005 106 



policing 2004 225–6, 2004 233, 2004 235 

prices 


M16 rifles 2002 67 

prices and consumer taste 2002 70 

production 



licensed 2002 45, 2007 15, 2007 18 





civilian holdings, estimates 2007 53 

insurgent firearms 2002 97–8 


stockpile security 2004 55, 2004 56 

Indústria de Material Bélico do Brasil (IMBEL) (Brazil) 






of FN FAL 2007 18 


survey of producers 2001 29–30, 2004 21, 2004 22 

Industria Militar (INDUMIL) (Colombia) 2006 217–19, 2006 222, 2006 223 


illicit craft production by FARC 2004 24 


Indústria Nacional de Armas (INA) (Brazil) 

manufacturers of illicit weapons seized in Brazil 2001 23 


industrialization 


146

urbanization 2007 164, 2007 168 

Industrias Ruiz Cabañas (Mexico) 2004 24–5 

Industrias Technos Aquila (Mexico) 2001 27, 2004 24–5 

inequality 

effects of small arms misuse 2001 232–3, 2003 140–1 

firearm-related deaths, Brazil 2007 228, 2007 233, 2007 234, 2007 235, 2007 236–8, 2007 245, 

2007 246, 2007 247 

urban violence 2007 167, 2007 168–9, 2007 176–8 

infant mortality, Yemen 2003 172 

infantry, military stockpiles 2006 46–50 

infantry support weapons, military procurement 2006 14–15 

information sharing 




NGOs 2002 243 

norms 2003 231 

infrastructure 



Ingram (United States) 2004 31 

inheritance of weapons, Yemen 2003 178 

injuries see firearm injuries; knife/sharp instrument injuries 

Inno-Coop (Hungary) 2001 37 

innovation 2003 20–3 

Inoguchi, Kuniko 2004 58 

INSAS automatic rifle 2006 16, 2006 55 

insecurity 


Burundi 2007 209–15, 2007 219–20 


Colombia 2006 215, 2006 216–17, 2006 230–4 


development programmes 2003 148–9 


Georgia 2003 205–7 



legal transfers 2001 159 

long-term effects 2002 171–3 


Papua New Guinea 2006 166, 2006 169, 2006 170, 2006 172–4, 2006 180–2 


privatization of security 2003 139–40 


Uganda 2006 287–8, 2006 289 

urban violence 2007 161–2, 2007 169 


147


slums 2007 168–9 

weapons collection 2002 296, 2002 304–5 

Institute of Community and Public Health, effects on human development 2003 132 

Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses (IDSA) 2001 143 

Institute for Religious Studies (ISER) (Brazil) 2001 23 

Institute for Security Studies (ISS) (South Africa) 2001 143, 2001 262–3 

Instituto de Criminalistica Carlos Éboli (ICCE) (Brazil) 2007 301, 2007 302 

Instituto de Estudos da Religião (ISER) (Brazil) 2007 229 

Instrument Building Design Bureau (IBDB) (Russia) 2002 123, 2003 110 

instrumentality theory 2004 186–90 

insurance premium costs, field workers 2003 148 

insurgencies 

Constabulary military doctrine 2006 50–1 


Mexico, illicit transfers to 2001 189 



insurgent groups 

see also insurgents 



small arms 2010 102–5, 2010 116–24 

insurgent holdings 2001 77–83, 2002 80–3 

Afghanistan 2002 102, 2003 73–6 

Africa 2003 80, 2003 81, 2003 84 


data collection 2001 65 

distribution 2001 2002 103 

Europe 2002 88–90 

global stockpiles 2001 89, 2002 74, 2002 103, 2004 4 

Indonesia 2002 98 

Iran 2002 90 

Israel 2002 90–4 



Nepal 2002 101–2 



second-hand equipment 2002 66 


small arms attrition 2001 81 

South Asia 2002 99–100 

Southeast Asia 2002 97–9 


insurgents 

see also insurgent groups 

becoming legitimate authorities 2001 82–3 

148


fluctuations in demand 2001 81–2 

Georgia 2005 171–2 

Haiti 2005 163–6 



Bangladesh as a transit country 2002 143–5 

Thailand as a transit country 2002 142–3 

India 2001 181 

Liberia 2005 167–9 

Mali 2005 165–7 



new wars 2002 175 

organizational factors 2005 188–99 

Philippines 2001 183–4, 2003 34 

resources 2005 186–7 

Sierra Leone 2001 171–3 

structure 2005 188 

Sudan 2001 174–5 

Tajikistan 2005 169–71 

integration, Sierra Leone 2003 308 

intellectual property, licensed production 2002 42–3, 2007 8–10, 2007 23–6, 2007 31 

intelligence, EU Code of Conduct 2001 270 

intelligence agencies 


use of private military companies 2001 109 

intentional transfers, definition 2002 111 

Inter-American Convention see Organization of American States (OAS), Inter-American Convention 

against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Ammunition, Explosives, and 

Other Related Materials 

Inter-American Development Bank (IADB) 

costs of violence 2001 4, 2001 217 


post-conflict security promotion 2009 237 

urban violence in Caracas 2007 173, 2007 186 

Violence Prevention programme 2008 275 

Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission (CICAD) 2001 253, 2001 255–6 

inter-ethnic violence, South Sudan 2007 317 

Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD) (Kenya) 2001 262–4, 2001 265 

Somalia 2007 92 

inter-personal violence, Yemen 2003 180 

inter-state co-operation 




UN Firearms Protocol 2001 279 


149

intergroup fighting, Papua New Guinea 2006 166, 2006 170, 2006 172–4 

interim stabilization, post-conflict situations 2009 220, 2009 233, 2009 234–7 

Interior Ministries (Republic of the Congo) 2003 269 

interior ministry personnel, stockpiles 2006 43 

Interlaken process 2004 270 

interlocutors, NGOs 2002 243 

internal conflicts 

see also civil wars; intra-state conflicts 

demand, prices 2007 263, 2007 265, 2007 266 

developing countries 2003 127 

international humanitarian law 2002 179 


new wars and humanitarian impacts 2002 173–6 

prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 269–71, 2007 281, 2007 282, 2007 283 


internal transfers, definition 2001 167 

internalization, norms 2003 222 

internally displaced persons (IDPs) 


disease 2002 169–70 


former Yugoslavia and Balkans 2001 200–1 

Georgia 2003 209–10 




militarization of refugee camps 2005 273, 2005 274 

Uganda 2006 275, 2006 278, 2006 280–1, 2006 288, 2006 289 

violence in refugee camps 2002 168–9 

International Action Network on Small Arms (IANSA) 


codes of conduct 2002 183–4 

creation 2001 277 

human rights 2001 222 



marking and tracing 2002 247, 2006 97 

monitoring of implementation of Programme of Action 2004 2, 2004 259–62 

NGOs 2002 242 

UN Small Arms Conference (2001) 2002 203, 2002 217, 2002 247 

international aid 

cost-benefit analysis 2006 195 






International Air Transport Association (IATA) 2001 112 

150

Recommended Practice 1630 2010 61–2 

International Alert 2004 259 

International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) 2004 223 

International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL) 2002 64, 2002 205 

International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) 2001 112, 2005 129, 2005 136, 2010 59 

International Classification of Disease (ICD) 2002 162 

International Code of Conduct on Arms Transfers (1997) 2001 257, 2007 128 

International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) 


in Bosnia 2005 234 


deaths of humanitarian personnel 2002 187 

engagement with armed groups 2010 307, 2010 308–9 

expanding bullets 2005 22 

expelled from Ethiopia 2010 315 


humanitarian impacts of small arms 2002 157 

humanitarianism 2002 178 

IHL indicators 2007 136, 2007 137 

impartiality 2002 185–6 

Israel, human rights violations 2007 79 


People on War Report 2001 210 

security of personnel 2001 226, 2001 228, 2002 188, 2002 189 

international control measures 2001 251–83 


air transportation 2010 49–50 

ammunition 2005 22–5, 2005 28–9 


brokers 2001 96–7, 2001 98, 2001 101, 2001 103–5, 2001 127–9, 2001 130 

data on small arms 2001 61–2 



MANPADS 2005 127–9 

marking 2002 244, 2002 245–7 


transfers 2007 122–4, 2007 128–37 

transport agents 2001 103–5, 2001 130 

International Convention on the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System 2009 10 

International Council on Human Rights Policy (ICHRP) 2006 248 

International Country Risk Guide (ICRG), government effectiveness and weapons prices 2007 266 

International Court of Justice (ICJ), complicity in violations of international law 2007 131 

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) 2002 179, 2004 214, 2004 216–17 

International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (1976) 2002 179 

International Crime Victims Surveys (ICVS) 2003 147, 2004 179 

firearm ownership 2007 171 


urbanization and violence 2007 164 

151

International Criminal Court (ICC) 2002 177, 2002 179, 2005 22, 2006 276 

International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol) 

crime statistics 2003 158 

crime in Yemen 2003 180 


International Tracing Instrument 2006 98, 2006 110–11 

marking and tracing 2002 241, 2002 245, 2006 98, 2006 110–11 


SARPCCO 2003 237 



weapons tracing 2009 122 

International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) 2005 242 

International Crisis Group (ICG) 2005 183 

international customs data 2004 101, 2004 108, 2004 116 

international human rights law (IHRL), and armed groups 2010 306 

international humanitarian law (IHL) 2001 223–4, 2002 179–81 

and armed groups 2010 306–10, 2010 316, 2010 318, 2010 324 




transfer controls 2007 132, 2007 136 

welfare of non-combatants 2001 215 


international import certificate (IIC) 2002 250, 2008 163 


International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) 

Armed Conflict Database 2007 76 

conflict deaths 2005 238–9, 2005 241–2, 2005 244, 2005 245–9 

international law 

armed conflict 2007 75 

complicity in violations of 2007 131, 2007 132 

customary 2003 216–18 

extra-territorial jurisdiction, brokering 2002 255–6 


irresponsible transfers 2007 73, 2007 74 

legal transfers 2002 111 

norms 2003 216–18, 2003 224–5 

transfers 2007 130–2, 2007 136–7 

International Law Commission (ILC) 2007 131 

international mediators, disarmament 2003 287 

International Monetary Fund (IMF), Cambodia 2006 121–2 

International Narcotics Control Program (Plan Colombia) 2005 161 

international non-governmental organizations, disarmament and development 2003 155–6 

International Organization for Migration (IOM) 2005 281 

Aceh reintegration programme 2009 258–9, 2009 267–8 

firearm casualties in Congo-Brazzaville 2002 164 

Republic of the Congo, militia holdings 2003 264–73, 2003 279 

152

weapons collection in the Republic of the Congo 2002 300–1, 2003 255 

international organizations 

norms 2003 219 


International Peace Information Service 2004 127 

International Peace Institute (IPI), Lebanon security survey 2009 331 

International Peace Monitoring Team (IPMT) 2004 298–9 

International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW), Aiming for Prevention 

Programme 2008 292 

international politics, norms 2003 220–2 

International Rescue Committee (IRC) 2005 245–6 

International Resource Group on Disarmament and Security in the Horn of Africa (IRG) 2002 243 

International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), Afghanistan 2009 285, 2009 289 

International Tracing Instrument (ITI) 2004 251, 2006 95–114, 2009 109, 2009 136 


ammunition 2009 145, 2009 152 



fragmentation 2007 127–8 

General Assembly First Committee 2007 126 

implementation by UN members 2009 141 


manufacturers’ marks 2009 114–16 

marking 2006 95, 2006 99, 2006 100, 2006 106–7 

International Trade Centre 2005 100 

International Trading Establishment (ITE) (Jordan) 2007 82 

international transfers, authorized, ammunition 2010 9 

internet 


illicit transfers using 2001 188–9 

Interpol see International Criminal Police Organization 

interventions 

community programmes 2008 234, 2008 267, 2008 287–8, 2008 298 

criminal justice approach 2008 287 

El Salvador 2008 281, 2008 291–5 

evaluation of 2008 295–8 

firearms targeting 2008 278–9, 2008 287–8 

gangs 2010 92–4, 2010 229–49 


national plans 2008 297–8 

public health approach 2008 277–9, 2008 287–8, 2008 298–9 

targeting 2008 268, 2008 269, 2008 270, 2008 278 

types 2008 267 


violence reduction 2008 226–7, 2008 235–6, 2008 262–9, 2008 291–5 

top ten strategies 2008 268 

Intifada 2002 165, 2003 77–8 

intimate partner violence 2004 183–4 

153

intimidation 





intra-European trade 2003 103 

intra-governmental transfers, international 2009 9 

intra-regional trade 2003 101 

intra-state conflicts 

see also civil wars; internal conflicts 

arms brokers 2001 96–7 


illicit transfers, Africa 2001 170 

increase in the 1990s 2001 252 

insurgent firearms 2001 77–83 

trends 2001 78 

intrinsic supply costs 2007 263, 2007 267–9 

inventory management, US Army 2002 259, 2002 260–1 

investment, effects of small arms misuse 2003 131, 2003 144–5 

IOM see International Organization for Migration 

IPI see International Peace Institute 

IPMT see International Peace Monitoring Team 

IPPNW see International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War 

IRA see Irish Republican Army 

Iran 



MANPADS 2007 125–6 

exports 



human rights 2004 128, 2004 132, 2004 133 



transparency 2006 65, 2006 80, 2006 81, 2007 89, 2009 8, 2009 50, 2010 8, 2010 13, 2010 

16 

unreported 2009 8, 2009 31 


value 2002 2005 100 

value 2003 2006 68, 2006 70 


to Hezbollah in Lebanon 2007 91–2, 2009 322 

to Iraq 2002 132, 2004 48 


to non-state actors 2002 130–1 

to Palestine, Karine A affair 2002 93–4 

to RUF in Sierra Leone 2001 173 


154

to the Sudanese Government 2001 174 



Mojahideen al-Khalq insurgency 2002 90 

non-state actors, support for 2002 130–1 





licensed 2002 50, 2002 51, 2002 52, 2007 15, 2007 19 




survey of producers 2001 52, 2002 16, 2002 18, 2002 19, 2002 57 


stockpiles 


insurgents 2002 82, 2002 90 

military 2002 77, 2005 86, 2005 88, 2006 48, 2006 57 

police 2005 89, 2006 43 

Iran-Contra Affair, brokers 2001 101, 2001 107 

Iran-Iraq war, Bulgarian producers 2003 43 

Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) 2010 264 

Iraq 

ammunition 

stockpiles 2008 91, 2008 93 


anti-tank guided weapons 2008 20 

arms management responsibilities 2008 58–9 

attacks on teachers 2009 204 


conflict 

assault rifles used by US troops 2004 28–9 

coalition combat deaths 2005 250–1 

deaths 2005 229, 2005 234–5, 2005 237, 2005 239, 2005 240, 2005 244–7, 2005 252–3, 

2005 255, 2005 258 

DDR and weapons reduction 2004 49–50, 2005 72, 2005 73, 2005 291 


dispersal of weapons 2008 60–1 


diversion 

arms from Bosnia and Herzegovina 2008 122 

US weapons 2008 125, 2008 126 

firearm homicides 2002–2006 2007 82 

illicit transfers to, arms embargoes 2002 132, 2002 133, 2004 100, 2004 128, 2004 266 


irresponsible transfers to 2007 73, 2007 74, 2007 81–5, 2007 102 


155

improvised explosive devices (IEDs) 2008 14, 2008 61, 2010 123 

MANPADS 2004 77, 2004 90 





foreign government support for 2002 130–1 




post-conflict 2005 199, 2005 268 


production 



licensed 2007 15, 2007 27 




RPG-7 2004 35, 2004 36, 2004 37 

stockpiles 2003 79–80, 2004 3, 2004 43, 2004 44–50, 2004 54 

civilian holdings 2005 73, 2005 90, 2005 91, 2007 47–8 



disarmament 2005 71, 2005 72, 2005 73 

insurgents 2001 80, 2001 82, 2002 82, 2002 90, 2002 92 


military 2002 77, 2005 88, 2006 38, 2006 53 


thefts from 2004 71–2 

Sunni Awakening Councils 2009 233, 2009 236 

surplus weapons transferred to 2008 79, 2008 81 

United States production 2004 11 


Iraq Relief and Reconstruction Fund (IRRF), weapons bought with 2007 82–4 

Iraqi Body Count 2005 229 

Iraqi Civil Defence Corps 2004 49 

Iraqi Security Forces (ISF), stockpile security and diversions 2007 81–3 

IRC see International Rescue Committee 

Ireland 

see also Irish Republican Army (IRA); Northern Ireland 



changing patterns of 2007 63 

control measures, civilian ownership 2007 44 

exports 

national reporting 2002 119, 2002 120, 2002 122 


156





IRG see International Resource Group on Disarmament and Security in the Horn of Africa 

IRGC see Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps 

Irian Jaya see West Papua 

Irish Republican Army (IRA) 

see also Real IRA 

craft production in Colombia 2006 223 

decommissioning 2006 260, 2007 44 

disarmament 2002 292–3, 2003 284–6, 2006 260 


illicit transfers from, to Colombia 2004 130 


from Libya 2002 129 

using the internet 2001 188 


prison campaign 2010 165–6 

stockpiles 2002 88–9, 2003 72 

irresponsible small arms transfers 2007 73–107 

armed conflict 2007 75–81, 2007 98–107 

human rights violations 2007 75–81, 2007 98–107 

stockpile security and risk of diversion 2007 81–6 

IRRF see Iraq Relief and Reconstruction Fund 

ISAF see International Security Assistance Force 

Isatabu Freedom Movement (IFM) (Solomon Islands) 2003 35, 2004 288, 2004 292–3 

ISER see Institute for Religious Studies 

ISF see Iraqi Security Forces 

Ishapore Self-Loading Rifle (SLR), Nepal 2003 113 

Ishevsky Mekhanichesky Zavod (IMZ) (Russian Federation) 2003 19–20, 2004 14, 2004 15, 2004 16, 

2004 122 

Islam 

Kyrgyzstan 2004 310–11, 2004 320, 2004 324 

Sudan 2007 318 

Yemen 2003 169, 2003 170–1 

Islamic Courts Union (ICU) (Somalia), guided light weapons holdings 2008 33 

Islamic Jihad 2002 131, 2003 78 

Quds rocket production 2008 15 

Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) 2002 102, 2004 310, 2004 320, 2004 324 

Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas) see Hamas 

Islamic Salvation Front (Front Islamique du Salut - FIS) (Algeria) 2007 77 

Islamist militants 2003 33 


Middle East stockpiles 2003 79–80 

Somalia 2007 92–4 

Yemen 2003 170–1 

Isle of Man, tax havens and brokers 2001 105 

157

isolation, urban violence 2007 162 

Israel 

ammunition, diversion 2008 52 

brokering 2001 106–7, 2004 161 




MANPADS 2007 125–6 









exports 


to Colombia 2004 129, 2004 130, 2005 161, 2006 236 

disturbing transfers 2001 155 

human rights 2004 129, 2004 130, 2004 131 

to India 2003 112 






official data on 2002 123 




transparency 2001 155, 2004 117, 2005 110, 2005 112, 2005 113, 2006 65, 2006 80, 2006 

81, 2007 89, 2009 50, 2010 13, 2010 16 


unreported 2009 8, 2009 31 


value 2002 2005 97, 2005 103 

value 2003 2006 68, 2006 71 

human rights violations 2007 76, 2007 79–80 


to Angola 2002 132 





imports 

ammunition 2009 16, 2009 17 


158





transparency 2001 155 

from the United States 2001 153, 2001 154, 2001 155, 2002 86, 2004 120, 2004 121 


value 2002 2005 107 

value 2003 2006 76 



policing 2004 220, 2004 222 


production 

financial indicators of main companies 2000 2002 21 


licensed 2002 45, 2007 11, 2007 15, 2007 18 







sub-machine guns 2004 30, 2004 31 

survey of producers 2001 39, 2001 52, 2002 16, 2002 17, 2002 18, 2002 19, 2002 35–6, 

2002 57, 2004 11 


rubber bullets 2005 16 

Spike ATGW 2008 20 


civilian holdings 2003 77, 2005 90, 2005 91 


unregistered 2007 55 


insurgent weapons 2002 90–4, 2004 93 

military 2002 259, 2005 86, 2005 88 




war with Lebanon 2009 317, 2009 319, 2009 321–3 


Israel Defense Forces (IDF) 

human rights violations 2007 79 

in Lebanon 2009 319 


Israel Military Industries (IMI) 


exports 2002 123, 2003 112 

159


illicit transfers to Colombia, brokers 2001 106–7 


major producers by weapon type 2004 27, 2004 29 



most popular assault rifles 2001 20 




Uzi sub-machine gun 2001 19, 2001 20 

ISS see Institute for Security Studies 

issued weapons, diversion 2008 51 

Italy 

ammunition 

procurement 2010 30, 2010 31 


brokering 

jurisdiction 2004 163–4 

legislation 2004 161 

licensing 2004 153, 2004 154, 2004 155, 2004 156, 2004 157 










exports 






to Colombia 2004 129, 2004 130, 2005 161, 2006 236 




human rights 2004 128, 2004 129, 2004 130, 2004 131, 2004 132 


2007 104, 2007 105, 2007 106, 2007 107 


78 




160


pistols and revolvers 2001 146, 2001 147, 2002 114, 2009 20, 2009 21, 2009 41 



shotguns 2002 114 




transparency 2004 117, 2005 112, 2006 81, 2007 74, 2007 87, 2007 88, 2009 49, 2010 15 


value 2000 2003 103, 2003 104 


value 2002 2005 97, 2005 98, 2005 100, 2005 103 

value 2003 2006 65, 2006 68, 2006 71 

to Venezuela 2007 81, 2007 107 

gangs 




to Bosnia and Herzegovina 2002 133 


illicit transfers to, smuggling 2003 71 

imports 


container freight 2003 107 

list of exporters 2005 102, 2005 103, 2005 104, 2005 105, 2006 68, 2006 70, 2006 71, 2006 

73 




from US 1990–1999 2001 154 

value 2000 2003 103 


value 2002 2005 107 

value 2003 2006 76 

production 

exports to the United States 1991–1996 2001 27 


licensed 2002 45, 2002 51, 2007 15, 2007 18 







stockpiles 

Carabinieri 2001 72 


161






ITI see International Tracing Instrument 

Al-Ittihad Al-Islami (Ethiopia) 2007 93 

Ivorian Popular Movement for the Great West (Mouvement populaire ivoirien du Grand Ouest) 2006 

256 

Ivory Coast see Côte d’Ivoire 

Izhmash (Izhevsk Arms Factory) (Russian Federation) 

AK family 2001 17 

AN-94 assault rifle 2003 24 

company profile 2000 2002 23–5, 2002 25, 2002 55 

exports 2002 123, 2004 122 


intellectual property rights 2007 10, 2007 24 






survey of producers 2003 19–20, 2004 11, 2004 14, 2004 15 

units produced 1999–2002 2004 16 

Izhmash Joint Stock Company (Russian Federation) 2001 33 

Jaish al-Mahdi see Mahdi Army/Jaish al-Mahdi 

Jakarta (Indonesia), urbanization 2007 162 

Jamaica 


Crime Observatory 2008 297 

effects of crime and violence 2004 191 




police, unlawful shootings by 2004 238 


stockpiles 2004 53, 2004 54 


military 2006 44, 2006 51 



Jamiat-e-Islami (Afghanistan), guided light weapons holdings 2008 32 

‘janjaweed’ (Sudan), armed violence 2010 85 

Japan 


civilian gun ownership 2010 114 


162

control of civilian ownership 2002 264 







licensing systems 2009 74 

transfer criteria 2009 93 

exports 




human rights 2004 131, 2004 132 


list of importers 2005 106, 2005 107, 2005 109, 2006 75, 2006 78 


reporting of 2009 27 




value 2001 2004 101–2, 2004 105 

value 2002 2005 104 

value 2003 2006 71 


gangs 



illicit transfers to, ant trade from US 2002 135 

imports 






value 2002 2005 107 

value 2003 2006 76 



production 









163

civilian holdings 2001 239, 2005 80 


unregistered 2007 55 


law enforcement 2005 78, 2005 85, 2006 40 



surplus ammunition 2007 126 

suicide 2004 187 

transportation, licensing 2010 52–3 

Japanese Assistance Team for Small Arms Management in Cambodia (JSAC) 2006 119, 2006 123, 

2006 125, 2006 134 

Jashari, Adem 2005 219–20 

Javelin ATGW 2004 33, 2004 82, 2004 84, 2008 20 

JEM see Justice and Equality Movement; Mahdi Army/Jaish al-Mahdi 

Jensen, Steffen 2003 305–6 

Jericho Semi-Automatic Pistol 2002 35 

Jersey, tax havens and brokers 2001 105 

Jet-Lease International, tax havens 2001 104 

Jewish settlements, stockpiles 2003 77 

J.G.Anshütz (Germany) 2005 54 

Jikany Nuer people (Sudan), tribal conflict 2010 288 

JIUs see Joint Integrated Units 

Johannesburg (South Africa) 

crime 2007 171 

carjackings 2007 172 


urban violence 2007 163, 2007 173 


John Inglis (Canada) 2002 45 

Johnson Thomas, Brian 2007 260 

Joint Integrated Units (JIUs) (Sudan) 2007 322, 2007 324, 2007 331, 2010 280, 2010 289–90 

joint ventures 



Jonglei State (Sudan) 

disarmament campaign 2007 333–6 

tribal conflict 2010 286–8 

Jordan 

diversion of weapons from Peru to Colombia 2008 113, 2008 120, 2008 123, 2008 134, 2008 136 



to Colombia 2001 187 


imports 



value 2002 2005 106, 2005 107 

164

value 2003 2006 74 


production 2002 19, 2002 57 







journalists, conflict deaths 2005 235–8 

Joy Slovakia 2008 127–8 

JP Sauer & Sohn (Germany) 2002 21, 2002 34, 2002 39 

JSAC see Japanese Assistance Team for Small Arms Management in Cambodia 

Juba Declaration on Unity and Integration (2006) 2007 319, 2007 323, 2007 324, 2007 340–4, 2010 

280 

Jubilee School, Philadelphia (United States) 2007 185 

judicial systems 

municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 180, 2007 181, 2007 182, 2007 183–4, 2007 

184–5 


Jumbish-e-Milli (Afghanistan), guided light weapons holdings 2008 32 

‘jungle justice’, Bakassi Boys (Nigeria) 2006 251 

jurisdiction, over brokering 2002 255–6 

justice, disarmament 2002 306, 2003 311–12 

Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) (Sudan) 

covert transfers to 2007 92 


juvenile prisoners/detainees 2004 231 

Ka Pa Sa (Myanmar) 2001 43 

Kabila, Laurent 2001 108–9 

kaçaks (outlaws) 2005 210 

Kahr Arms (United States) 2005 54 

Kakuma refugee camp (Kenya), violence 2002 168–9, 2002 170, 2002 196 

Kalashnikov culture 2002 70 

Kalashnikov, Mikhail T. 2001 17, 2001 62, 2002 25 


Kalashnikov rifles 


Burundi, civilian ownership 2007 216 

exports, to India from Bulgaria 2003 112 

Georgia 2003 200–1 

identifying 2009 111–16 


popularity 2007 258–9 

prices 2007 257–72 

production 

licensed 2007 9, 2007 11, 2007 23–5 

165

Russian Federation 2000 2002 24 


Romanian exports to Uganda 2003 110 

transfers, from Bulgaria 2003 108 

unlicensed production 2007 23–5 

varieties 2007 259, 2007 260 

Kaliningrad, destruction programmes, surplus weapons 2008 79 

Kalla, Jusuf 2009 252 

Kalthok village (Sudan), tribal violence 2010 285 

Kampala (Uganda), carjackings 2007 172 

Kano (Nigeria), urban violence 2007 167 

Kansas City (United States), Gun Experiment 2006 312 

kanun (customary law) 2005 207, 2005 208, 2005 210, 2005 211–17, 2005 219–20 

Kapoeta (Sudan) 2007 336–9 

Karachi (Pakistan) 



Karakos 2005 308, 2005 312 

Karamoja (Uganda) 2007 289–301, 2007 311 


Karen National Liberation Army (KNLA) 2001 46 


Karenni Army 2001 46 

Karimojong (Uganda) 

ammunition 2007 290–301, 2007 311 


Karine A 2002 91, 2002 93–4 

Kariyawasam, Prasad 2007 118–19, 2007 120–1, 2007 124–6 

Karzai, President Hamid 2003 312 

Kashmir 

illicit production in Pakistan 2001 47, 2003 33 


prices 2002 65, 2002 68 

stockpiles 2002 100, 2002 101 

al-Kassar, Monzer 2001 101, 2001 107, 2008 120, 2008 122, 2008 124, 2008 134, 2008 136 

Kauer, Major Erwin 2007 84 

Kaunas Experimental Enterprise (Lithuania) 2003 48 

Kazakhstan 

ammunition, stockpiles 2008 91, 2008 93 



surplus weapons 2008 96, 2008 98–9 






production 2001 16, 2001 30, 2001 34, 2001 52, 2002 57, 2005 56 

166


stockpiles, military 2001 72, 2001 179 

Kazan (Russian Federation), gang violence 2010 137 

Kaze-Forces pour la défense de la democratie (Kaze-FDD) (Burundi) 2007 203 

KB-S (Ukraine) 2003 49 

KBP Instrument Design Bureau (Russia) 2002 26, 2003 15, 2005 60 

Keisler Police Supply (United States) 2007 82 

Kekelidze, Nikusha 2003 200 

Kemijska Industrija Kamnik (Slovenia) 2003 46 

Kenney, George 2005 234 

Kenya 

ammunition, diversion 2008 51, 2008 52 

brokering, controls 2002 255 

conflict 


internally displaced persons 2001 225, 2002 196 

militarization of refugee camps 2001 227 

violence in refugee camps 2002 168–9, 2002 170, 2002 196 



Nairobi Declaration (2000) 2001 262–4 

Transfer Controls Initiative 2007 130 



disarmament 2003 312, 2009 163 


exports 


to Sudan 2004 133 




to the Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 282 


to Sudan 2007 325 

illicit transfers to, instability 2001 175 

imports 



trends 2000 2003 117, 2003 118 

value 2002 2005 106, 2005 107 

value 2003 2006 74 

MANPADS attacks on aircraft 2008 12, 2008 13 


policing, corruption 2004 233 

prices 

AK-47s 2003 86 


167

production 



licensed 2002 43, 2002 44–6, 2002 45 


sexual violence 2001 213 

stockpiles 2003 83–6, 2004 57 

Kenya Ordnance Factories Corporation (KOFC) 2002 44–6 

Kerambit Industries (Malaysia) 2001 43 

KFOR see Kosovo Force 

Al-Kharj Arsenal (Saudi Arabia) 2002 18, 2002 51, 2002 52–3 

Khartoum Peace Agreement (1997) 2007 321–2, 2010 278 

Khmer People’s National Liberation Armed Forces (KPNLAF) (Cambodia) 2006 120–1 

Khmer People’s National Liberation Front (KPNLF) (Cambodia) 2006 120, 2006 125, 2006 126 

Khmer Rouge see Party of Democratic Kampuchea 

kidnappings see abductions 

Kiir, Salva 2007 319, 2007 321, 2007 322–3, 2010 279–80, 2010 292 

Kim Jong Il 2006 49 

kinetic energy weapons 2004 81 

Kingston (Jamaica) 

gangs 



Kintex (Bulgaria) 2003 44 

Kiribati 


gun control measures 2004 302, 2004 303 

stockpiles 2003 89, 2004 284 

KLA see Kosovo Liberation Army 

Kleck, Gary 2004 61 

Klein, Yair 2001 106–7, 2001 108 

Kmart, ammunition 2005 21 

KMBDB see Kolomna Machine-Building Design Bureau 

KMP see Kovrov Mechanical Plant 

knife/sharp instrument injuries 

Burundi 2007 213, 2007 214 

Colombia 2006 225, 2006 238 

costs of 2006 199, 2006 203–7 



knives 2004 107–8 

use by girl gang members 2010 197 

KNLA see Karen National Liberation Army 

know-how contracts 2007 10 

Kolélas, Bernard 2003 256–8, 2003 260–1, 2003 264–5, 2003 268–9 

Kolingba, André 2005 303, 2005 305, 2005 306, 2005 312, 2005 314 

Kolomna Machine-Building Design Bureau (KMBDB) (Russia) 2003 110 

Komsomol, Georgia 2003 197 

168

Kong, Gordon 2007 324 

Kony, Joseph 2006 275, 2006 277–8, 2006 282, 2006 284, 2006 288–9, 2007 325–6, 2010 288–9 

Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of see North Korea 

Korea, Republic of see South Korea 

Korean People’s Army (KPA) 2006 49 

Kosovo 

conflict deaths 2005 240, 2005 241–2, 2005 246–7, 2005 252, 2005 253, 2005 255, 2005 258 

conflict weapons, firearm violence and crime 2004 197 

DDR and weapons reduction 

conflict tracing 2006 111 

KFOR peacebuilding 1999 to present 2001 177, 2002 290–1, 2002 302, 2003 280, 2003 293 


peace agreement 2003 284 

UNDP 2002–2003 2005 292 



illicit transfers to 2001 177 




post-conflict violence 2005 271, 2005 272, 2009 230 

seizures of illicit arms 2005 114 

stockpiles 

Albanian looted arms 1997 2001 201 


looted Albanian weapons, prices 2002 68–9 



weapons identification 2009 112 

Kosovo Force (KFOR), weapons collection 2001 177, 2002 290–1, 2002 302, 2003 280, 2003 293 

Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) 

conflict sourcing 2005 215, 2005 218–21 





looted Albanian weapons 2002 68–9 

outlaw tradition 2005 210 

weapons collection 2002 290–1 

Kosovo Protection Corps 2009 233, 2009 235 

Kovrov Mechanical Plant (KMP) (Russian Federation) 2001 33, 2002 26, 2003 19, 2004 14, 2004 15, 

2004 122 

KPA see Korean People’s Army 

KPNLAF see Khmer People’s National Liberation Armed Forces 

KPNLF see Khmer People’s National Liberation Front 

KPV heavy machine gun 2004 33 

KSN Industries (Israel) 2002 18, 2002 35, 2002 45 


169

Kurdish Democratic Party (KDP), firearms 2010 122 

Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) 


humanitarian commitments 2010 310 


resistance to 2010 261 

Kurds, stockpiles 2001 80, 2001 82, 2003 79–80 

Kuwait 

exports, irresponsible transfers from 2007 106 

imports 2005 107, 2006 76 


from the United States 2001 154, 2004 10–11, 2004 120 



stockpiles 2005 88, 2005 89 


Kyrgyzstan 2004 5, 2004 309–27 


exports, irresponsible transfers to Turkey 2007 106 


imports 2002 147, 2006 72 

Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan 2002 102 



L1A1 assault rifle 2001 63 

L85 automatic rifle 2006 55 

L85A1 assault rifle 2001 63 

Labora farm experiment (Uganda) 2009 233, 2009 236 

LAF see Lebanese Armed Forces 

Lagos (Nigeria) 2007 167, 2007 175 


slums 2007 168 

Lake City Army Ammunition Plant (Missouri) 2001 27 

Lakhani, Hemant 2004 162–3 

Lakwena, Alice 2006 275 

Lancet, The, Iraq conflict deaths 2005 229 

land, co-operative conflict 2002 175 

land disputes, Brazil, firearm homicides 2007 242 

land grabbing, Cambodia 2006 133 

Landmine Monitor Report 2002 243 

landmines 

see also anti-personnel mines; mines 

Burundi, injuries caused by 2007 213, 2007 214 


destruction of 2009 182, 2009 302 

Georgia 2003 203–4 

global campaign 2001 276, 2001 280, 2002 64 

170

norms 2003 221 

Ottawa Convention (1997) 2002 205, 2008 9, 2008 94–5 


violence clustering surveys 2005 240 

Lango 2007 337 

language, small arms in popular culture 2006 309–10 

Lao PDR, prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 277 

Laos, exports, human rights 2004 131 

LAP see Local Administration Police 

lapis lazuli, conflict goods 2002 142 

Lashkar-e-Taiba, membership 2010 118 

lashkars (Pakistan) 2010 272 

Lasserre S.A. 2004 20, 2004 123 

Latin America 

see also Central America; South America 






firearm homicides 2003 138, 2004 53, 2004 175, 2004 176, 2004 177, 2004 178, 2004 199–200 


illicit transfers 2001 83, 2003 116–17 


non-fatal crime 2004 179 


production 2004 7, 2004 16–26 

stockpiles 2003 87–91, 2004 50–4, 2004 60, 2004 71–2, 2005 77, 2005 162 



from Czech Republic 2003 109 

urban violence 2007 164, 2007 170–1, 2007 184 


Latin America and the Caribbean, firearm homicides and suicides 2008 219 

Latin Kings gang (Ecuador) 2010 212, 2010 219, 2010 220 

Latvia 

brokering 2004 153, 2004 161, 2004 163 

diversion of weapons to Somalia 2008 120, 2008 124, 2008 127 







receipt of excess US military firearms 2002 86 


Laurance, Ed 2001 251 

law enforcement see policing 

171

law and order 

see also customary law; humanitarian law 

government spending 2003 144–5 



Yemen 2003 169–70, 2003 181–5 

Laws of War 2002 179, 2002 179–81, 2002 185–6 

lead, ammunition 2005 16–17 

League of Arab States, illicit trade 2005 86 

leakages see diversions; theft 

leased weapons, international transfers 2009 9 

Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) 2009 321 

Lebanon 

see also Hezbollah; Southern Lebanon Armed Violence Assessment 

conflict, history of 2009 318–23 

exports, irresponsible transfers from 2007 94, 2007 106 

gun ownership 2009 329–30, 2009 331–2 

illicit transfers from 2002 132, 2004 132 


illicit transfers to 2001 103, 2007 91–2, 2009 322 

arms embargo on 2007 74 

imports 2001 154, 2004 108, 2004 110, 2005 104, 2005 106 







MANPADS 2004 89, 2004 93 

Palestinian stockpiles 2001 80 


post-conflict, survey 2009 323–33 



security perceptions 2009 317, 2009 327–9, 2009 331 

Shaba Farms 2009 319, 2009 321 



insurgent 2001 80, 2004 89, 2004 93 



Lee Enfield rifles, Yemen 2003 174 

legacy arsenals, People’s War militaries 2006 47, 2006 48, 2006 50 

legality spectrum 2001 141 

legislation 


brokering 2004 147, 2004 162–6 

effectiveness 2004 182, 2004 186 

172

firearms 

El Salvador 2008 293 

South Africa 2008 183, 2008 186–7, 2008 198–9 




licensed production 2007 27–8, 2007 30, 2007 31 

national 2004 66–71, 2004 255 


norms 2003 232 

Pacific 2004 277, 2004 300–3 

self-defence 2004 181 

transfers and human rights 2004 133 

United Kingdom 2004 188–9, 2004 192 

United States 2004 12, 2004 66–7 

Yemen 2003 183–4 

Leibacher, Friedrich 2002 266 

Lekota, Mosiuoa 2007 85, 2007 86 

Lekoumou (Republic of the Congo), militia holdings 2003 267–8 

Lesotho 

civilian firearms 2003 239, 2003 240–1, 2007 172 








lethality of firearms 




factors affecting 2001 211, 2001 212 

stockpiles, evaluating weapons collection programmes 2002 315 

Letter of Acceptance (LOA), state-to-state transfers 2008 166 

Levdan (Israel) 2003 261, 2003 263 

LFL see Light Fighter Lethality 

liability suits, United States 2003 18 

Liberation Army of Presevo, Medvedija, and Bujanovac (UCPMB) 2003 297 

Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) (Tamil Tigers) 

conflict use 2005 185, 2005 187, 2005 196 

diversion of weapons to 2008 121 


forced recruitment of women 2002 171 



illicit transfers to 2001 176, 2001 182–3, 2002 129, 2003 112 


173


production, light weapons 2008 15 

repair and sporadic production 2005 47 

reserve stockpiles 2001 80 

RPG-7 2004 37 

sea transport network 2002 144 

Liberia 

armed groups 

children in 2006 251 


group goals 2005 189, 2005 193 

sources of weapons 2006 255 


transfer of weapons to 2006 256 



assault rifles diverted to 2008 119, 2009 108 

brokering 2004 103, 2004 144, 2004 145, 2004 164 


conflict 

arms sourcing to 2005 160, 2005 165, 2005 167–9, 2005 172–3, 2006 255 


conflict weapons and crime 2004 196 





collapse of programme 2003 2004 57 

ECOMOG 1996–1997 2002 288–9, 2002 302, 2003 279, 2003 292, 2003 307 

funding 2005 285 

measuring success 2005 284 

peace agreements 2003 282, 2003 283 

problems with 2006 261–2 

UNDP weapons reduction 2004–2006 2005 290, 2005 291 

UNOMIL peacekeeping 1993–1997 2002 288–9, 2003 283, 2003 293, 2003 307 


diversion 

ammunition from Côte d’Ivoire 2008 121, 2008 123, 2008 134 

sub-machine guns from Slovakia 2008 115, 2008 116, 2008 117, 2008 121 

weapons and ammunition from Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 2008 121 


to the RUF in Sierra Leone 2001 120–3, 2001 171–2, 2002 132, 2003 297, 2004 132 


illicit transfers to 2002 132, 2003 118–19, 2004 103, 2004 112, 2004 131, 2005 106 

embargoes 2002 132, 2004 127, 2004 128, 2004 269 


imports irresponsible transfers to 2007 103 

insurgents, stockpiles 2003 82 

174





shelling of Monrovia (2003) 2005 182–3, 2008 11–12 

stockpiles, civilian holdings, correlation to GDP 2007 60 


weapons collection 2009 124, 2009 125, 2009 240 



Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy (LURD) 


command and control 2006 253, 2006 265 


DDR programme 2006 261–2 


illicit transfers to 2003 118–19, 2006 256 


shelling of Monrovia 2003 2005 182–3 

shelling of Monrovia (2003) 2008 11–12 


typology of armed groups 2006 249 


Liberman, Ruth 2005 152–3 

Libya 

arms embargoes against 2002 133, 2004 268 

Chad 2005 316–17 

exports, human rights 2004 130 


to the Central African Republic 2005 313, 2005 315 

to the IRA 2002 129 

to Liberia 2002 132, 2005 168 

to North African states 2001 170–1 

to Palestinian groups 2002 131 

to the RUF in Sierra Leone 2001 120–3, 2001 171, 2001 172 



to Sudan 2001 174, 2007 92 




licensed 2007 11, 2007 15 

stockpiles 


People’s War strategy 2002 77 


support for non-state actors 2002 129, 2002 130, 2002 131 

licensed production 2001 9, 2002 10, 2002 40–54, 2002 43–8, 2007 7–32 

175

Australia 2001 45 

benefits 2007 10–12, 2007 13 

costs 2007 10–12, 2007 13 

definitions 2002 41–2, 2007 8 

exports by licensees 2002 53–4 

global 2007 22–3 

Heckler & Koch 2002 41, 2002 48–53, 2002 53 


Indonesia 2001 43 

irresponsible transfer of technology 2007 26–8 

Middle East 2002 17, 2002 18, 2002 41, 2002 48–53 

military 2007 7–32 

most popular small arms 2001 19–21 

Pakistan 2001 43 

risks 2007 12–13 

scope 2007 13–23 

Singapore 2001 44 


Tanzania 2005 14 

transfers of weapons produced under 2007 28–31 

trends 2001 12 

Turkey 2001 39–40 


licensing systems 2004 66–71 


Brazil 2004 69–71 

brokering 2002 253–8, 2004 147, 2004 149, 2004 153–7, 2004 161, 2004 166 


China 2005 82 

Colombia 2006 219–20, 2006 230 

Czech Republic 2002 87 


estimating private legal firearms 2001 84–6 

Europe 2003 66–9, 2003 70–2 

exports see export licences 

firearm ownership, South Africa 2003 30–1 

Iraq 2004 47 



Japan 2005 80 


MANPADS 2005 132, 2005 133 

Morocco 2005 87–8 

national control of civilian ownership 2002 265, 2002 267–71 

Pacific 2004 301–2 


South Africa 2001 45, 2005 75 


176

transfers and human rights 2004 125–6 



Liechtenstein, Principality of, tax havens and brokers 2001 105 

Lieshout, Atelier Van 2005 154 

life cycle of small arms 2002 235 

life expectancy, effects of small arms misuse 2003 131 

life insurance, costs of small arms violence 2006 191 

life stages, violence risk factors 2008 251–2 

Light Fighter Lethality (LFL) projectiles 2003 25 

light machine guns 

ammunition types 2005 12 






production 2004 31, 2004 34 



light mortars, stockpiles 2002 64 

light vehicle, for weapons transport 2008 9 

light weapons 

ammunition 


reporting 2006 66–7 

technological developments 2010 33–4 

transfers 2010 7–8, 2010 18–20, 2010 27–32, 2010 34–5 

availability 2008 12–16 

control 2005 123–38 

craft production of 2008 15 

definitions 2001 8, 2001 251, 2002 10, 2003 10, 2003 59–60, 2004 8, 2005 123–4, 2008 8–11, 

2008 30, 2009 8–9, 2010 3, 2010 9 

export data 2005 102 

guided 2008 16–20 

Iraq 2005 72, 2005 73 

lethality 2008 11–12 


portability 2008 9 


production 2004 14–16, 2005 44, 2005 57, 2005 58 

production and values 2008 27–30, 2008 31 


threats from 2008 30–1 

transparency, transfers 2006 79 

UN Register of Conventional Arms 2005 109–10 

unguided 2008 20–7 

US production 2005 44 

177

Ligue Iteka 2007 197, 2007 200, 2007 210 

limpet mines 2008 9 

Lisboa, Marcos 2007 238 

Lissouba, Pascal 

arms for UNITA 2001 119 

militias 2003 256–8 

stockpiles 2003 260–1, 2003 264–5, 2003 267–8 

Lithuania 

brokering 2004 154, 2004 155, 2004 157, 2004 160, 2004 161 




from Germany 2001 150 





norms 2003 234 


production 



livestock 

see also cattle rustling 

Central African Republic 2005 321, 2005 322 


LIW (South Africa) 2001 19 

Llama Gabilondo (Spain) 2001 32, 2002 37–8 

lobbying, NGOs 2002 242 

Local Administration Police (LAP) (Uganda), ammunition profile 2007 290, 2007 291, 2007 294, 

2007 296–7, 2007 298 

local arms races 


demand for small arms 2006 144, 2006 145, 2006 148 


local community non-governmental organizations, disarmament and development 2003 155–6 

Local Defence Units (LDUs) (Uganda) 2006 287, 2007 295, 2007 296, 2007 297, 2007 299–300 

local security arrangements (LSAs), South Sudan 2007 336–9 

Lockheed Martin Corporation 2005 61 

logging industry, Cambodia 2006 121–2, 2006 133 

Lokichokkio (Kenya) 2002 166 

Lomé Peace Accords (1999) 2001 123 

London (United Kingdom) 

gangs, suppression strategies 2010 247 


long-term gain-seeking groups 2005 191, 2005 196–9 

longitudinal studies, violence risk factors 2008 249 

looting 

178

Albanian state arsenals 1997 2001 176–7, 2001 200–1, 2001 273, 2002 76–7, 2002 298–9, 2006 

38, 2006 44, 2006 47 


West African armed groups 2006 252–3, 2006 254–5, 2006 257 

López, Leopoldo 2007 186 

Lopit 2007 337 

Lorcin Engineering (United States) 2001 21, 2001 24 

Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) (Uganda) 2006 273–89 

arms management 2010 324 

child soldiers 2003 146, 2009 197, 2009 211 



resistance to 2010 267 

stockpiles 2003 84, 2003 86 

transfers to, ammunition 2007 298–9 

violence in South Sudan 2007 325–6, 2010 288–9 

Los Angeles (United States) 

gang violence 2007 171, 2007 183, 2010 131, 2010 134 

gangs, suppression 2010 246, 2010 248 

lost weapons, military procurement 2006 9–10, 2006 12 

lot numbers 2005 25–6, 2005 27 

Lou Nuer people (Sudan) 2007 333–5 


low rate of procurement (Lr) 2006 9, 2006 12, 2006 18 

loyalist paramilitaries, disarmament 2003 285–6 

Lr see low rate of procurement 

LRA see Lord’s Resistance Army 

LSAs see local security arrangements 

LSN Gang (Rio de Janeiro) 2010 168 

LTTE see Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam 

Luanda Agreement 2003 81 

Lugansk Machine Tool Plant (Ukraine) 2003 49 

Luigi Franchi (Italy) 2002 36 




LURD see Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy 

Lusaka (Zambia), crime 2007 171, 2007 172 

Lusaka Protocol (1994) 2001 116, 2001 118, 2005 192 

Luwero Industries (Uganda), ammunition 2007 293–5, 2007 296–7, 2007 298 

Luxembourg 


export controls, exceptions 2009 79 

exports 


human rights 2004 129, 2004 132 



179

M1 rifle 

licensed production, Saudi Arabia 2002 18 


US Civilian Marksmanship Program 2002 86 

M1F assault rifle, Iraqi Security Forces 2007 83 

M2 machine gun 2001 26, 2002 84, 2002 86, 2008 21 


M3 sub-machine gun 



M4 carbine 



production 2001 26, 2002 29, 2004 11, 2004 29 


US military procurement 2002 86, 2006 10 

M4/A1 rifle 2002 84 


M9 pistol 2002 37 

production for US military 1970–1999 2001 13 


M11 pistol 2002 84, 2002 86 

M14 automatic rifle 

production 2004 29, 2006 55 


US destruction programmes 2002 85 

US military procurement 2006 10 

M16 assault rifle 


casualties 2002 165 


exports 

to Nepal 2003 97, 2003 113 

to the Philippines 2003 107 

insurgent weapons in Palestinian territories 2002 90–1 

Israel, stockpiles 2003 77 




prices 2002 66, 2002 67, 2002 70 

production 2001 26, 2002 29, 2004 11 

global production estimates 2001 63, 2006 55 

licensed 2001 44, 2002 18, 2007 19 

most popular military weapons 2004 28 

replacement by US Army as standard weapon 2004 12 

for US military 1970–1999 2001 13 

US armed forces stocks 2001 73, 2001 74, 2002 84 

180

M16/A1 assault rifle 

US destruction programmes 2002 85 

US military procurement 2006 9–10 

M16/A2 assault rifle 

Brazil 2007 309 


US military procurement 2006 9–10 

M16/A4 assault rifle, US Army acquisitions 2000 2002 86 

M17 Glock pistols, Iraqi Security Forces 2007 84 

M19 machine gun 2001 26 

M20 Bazooka 2002 71 

M21 rifle 2002 84 

M24 rifle 2002 84 


M40 recoilless rifle 2004 33, 2004 34, 2008 23 

M60 machine gun 2001 26 




M62 assault rifle 2001 63 

M70 assault rifles 2009 108, 2009 110 

M72 LAW rocket launcher 2002 71, 2008 25 

diversion to criminals 2008 49, 2008 51, 2008 52 

M76 assault rifle 2001 63 

M79 grenade launcher 2002 84, 2008 24 

M82 anti-materiel rifle 2008 22 

M85 machine gun 2002 84 

M107 sniper rifle 2004 11 

M203 grenade launcher 2002 84, 2008 24 

M231 rifle, US Army inventory 2001 2002 84 

M240 machine gun 2001 26, 2002 84 

M249 machine gun, Iraqi Security Forces 2007 84 

M776 fuses 2010 29 

Maadi Company for Engineering Industries (Egypt) 2002 17, 2002 45 


Maboir, Thomas 2007 324, 2007 334 

MAC-10 machine gun, serial numbers 2009 116 

Macau, imports 2006 73 

McCallum, Bradley 2005 152 

McDowell, Michael 2007 44 

Macedonia, Former Yugoslav Republic of (FYROM) 


DDR and weapons reduction 

destruction methods 2002 311 

NATO Operation Essential Harvest 2001 2002 293, 2002 302, 2003 281, 2003 289 

peace agreements 2003 290 

SEESAC (UNDP) 2002–2005 2005 290, 2005 292 

UNPROFOR peacekeeping 1992–1995 2003 293 

181




imports 2002 122, 2006 70 







stockpiles 



insurgent 2002 82, 2002 88, 2002 89–90 


looted Albanian weapons 2002 69 

military 2002 77, 2005 77, 2006 44, 2006 46, 2006 53 

Machar, Riek 2007 321, 2007 326, 2010 278–9, 2010 292 

Machel, Graça 2009 193 

machetes 2004 107–8 

machine guns 

see also heavy machine guns; light machine guns 





definition of light weapons 2005 124 

exports 

to Nepal 2003 113 

from the United States 2001 154, 2001 155 

Georgia 2003 196, 2003 203–4 

Iraqi Security Forces 2007 83, 2007 84 



manufacturing sectors 2005 45, 2005 55–7 


military stockpiles 2006 37, 2006 53, 2006 54, 2006 55–6 

Miniguns 2008 10 

most popular small arms products 2001 19–21 


production 



estimated global production by volume 1980–2000 2001 13 

licensed 2007 18, 2007 20, 2007 21–2 



most popular military weapons 2004 31–2 

182

United States 2001 26, 2002 27, 2003 17, 2003 18, 2004 13, 2004 119, 2004 120 



technological developments 2003 22–3, 2003 24 


McIntyre, Angela 2006 143 

McMillan Bros. Rifles (United States) 2005 52 

macroeconomics, effect of small arms on development 2001 231–4 

MAG general-purpose machine gun, licensed production 2007 18 

Mahdi Army/Jaish al-Mahdi (JEM), firearms 2010 122 

Mahely Ind. & Co. (Argentina) 2001 28 

maintenance of firearms 

guerrillas in Colombia 2006 223 


repairers 2005 43–4, 2005 45, 2005 46–9 

Makarov pistol 



Kyrgyzstan black market 2004 319, 2004 321 




Makina ve Kimya Endustrisi Kurumu (Machinery and Chemical Industry Establishment) (MKEK) 

(Turkey) 2001 40, 2002 19–20 


licensed production 2002 50–1, 2002 53 

Malaita (Solomon Islands) 2003 35, 2003 302, 2005 30 

Malaita Eagle Force (Solomon Islands) 2003 35, 2003 302 

Malakal (Sudan), violence 2010 289–90 

Malawi 


policing 2004 224, 2004 227, 2007 184 



Malaysia 

exports 

human rights 2004 130, 2004 131 

irresponsible transfers to Indonesia 2007 101 



imports 





value 2002 2005 106, 2005 108 

value 2003 2006 76 


183

norms 2003 235 

production 



licensed 2007 11, 2007 15 






stockpiles 

military 2006 44, 2006 51 

security 2004 55, 2004 56 



Maldives, Republic of the 

irresponsible transfers to Pakistan 2007 104 


Mali 

ammunition availability 2005 19, 2005 20, 2005 30 

armed groups 2006 252, 2006 255, 2006 257, 2006 259, 2006 261 

community’s view of armed groups 2005 193 

long-term gain-seeking groups 2005 196, 2005 197 

stockpiles 2003 82, 2005 187 

arms sourcing to conflict 2005 160, 2005 165–7, 2005 169, 2005 172–3 

availability factors in conflict 2005 186 

benefits of peace 2005 199 

control measures, transfers 2007 128 




production, manufacturing sectors 2005 47 


weapons collection programmes 2002 281, 2002 288, 2002 302, 2002 311, 2003 279, 2009 240 


malnutrition, indirect conflict deaths 2005 254–5 

Malta 



illicit transfers from, to Rwanda 2002 132 



man-portable air defence systems (MANPADS) 2004 3, 2004 77–97 

Afghanistan, seizures 2003 76 

attacks on aircraft 2008 12, 2008 13 

control measures 2004 90–4, 2005 109, 2005 110, 2005 124, 2005 127–9, 2005 130–7 



184



definitions of small arms 2003 59 

destruction programmes 2008 80, 2008 99–102 

developments 2008 18 

diversion 2008 119, 2008 120 



Georgia 2003 203–4 

held by non-state armed groups 2008 32–3 


licensed and unlicensed production 2007 7, 2007 20, 2007 21, 2007 22, 2007 28 


manufacturing sectors 2005 58, 2005 59, 2005 60, 2005 61–3 

military procurement 2006 12, 2006 14–15 

production 2004 15, 2004 33 

licensed 2007 7, 2007 20, 2007 21, 2007 22, 2007 28 

unlicensed 2007 7, 2007 20, 2007 21, 2007 22, 2007 28 

stockpiles 2004 46, 2004 83–4, 2008 17–18 

theft 2008 53–4 

threats from 2010 316 

transfers 2002 116, 2006 66–7, 2006 79 

types 2008 16–18 


Managua (Nicaragua), urban armed violence 2007 170 

Manchester (United Kingdom), gang violence 2010 137, 2010 145 

mandates, peacekeeping forces 2003 295–6, 2003 299 

Mandaue City (Philippines) 2003 34 

Mandela, Nelson, Burundi 2007 199 

Mané, Ansumane 2006 254 

Manenberg (South Africa) 2006 305 

Manila (Philippines) 


violence 2007 145 

Mano River Union, armed groups 2006 251 

MANPADS see man-portable air defence systems 

Manroy Engineering (United Kingdom) 2001 19, 2002 40 


Manufacture Nationale d’armes de St Étienne (France) 2002 51, 2002 53 

manufacturers see production 

manufacturers’ marks, weapons identification 2009 114–16 

Manufactures d’Armes Automatiques de Bayonne (France), licensed production 2007 27 

Maoism 

Nepal 2002 101–2, 2003 107, 2003 113 

People’s War militaries 2005 77, 2006 47, 2006 49 

MAPU Lautaro (Chile) 2003 28 

Maputo (Mozambique), carjackings 2007 172 

Mara Dieciocho (Mara 18) 

185

gang violence 2010 138, 2010 140 

prison gangs 2010 164 

Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) 

gang violence 2010 69, 2010 85, 2010 138, 2010 139, 2010 140 

prison gangs 2010 164 

maras 


gangs 2008 290 

prison gangs 2010 157, 2010 164–5 

marginalization, young men and small arms 2006 301, 2006 305–6 

marijuana, Brazil 2007 241, 2007 301 

Marines, firearms stocks 2001 74 

marital status, firearm suicides, Brazil 2007 244, 2007 245 

marketing norms 2003 231 

markets 

global trade 2003 12–13, 2003 101 

non-lethal weapons 2003 25 

prices 2007 264 



marking 

see also tracing 

ammunition 2005 25–9, 2005 31 


covert transfers 2007 97 

Inter-American Convention 2001 253, 2001 256, 2002 245–6, 2002 247 

International Tracing Instrument 2006 95, 2006 99, 2006 100, 2006 106–7 

inventory management 2002 261 

lot-marking 2007 303, 2007 311 



NATO/EAPC 2001 274 

norms 2003 231 


UN Firearms Protocol 2002 238–9, 2002 240–1, 2002 246, 2002 247 


UN Small Arms Conference (2001) 2001 282, 2002 246–8 

marksmen 2004 29 

Marlin Firearms Co. (United States) 2001 26, 2004 13–14, 2005 54 


rifles used in crime in US 2001 24 

Marshall Islands 

stockpiles 2003 89, 2004 283, 2004 284 


masculinity 


gun culture 2005 205, 2005 211 

male youth 2006 295–317 

186

symbolism of small arms 2006 314–16 

Yemen 2003 185 

Maseru (Lesotho), carjackings 2007 172 

al-Masri, Sharif 2008 117 

mass shootings, civilians, injury to killed ratio 2002 161 

massed infantry doctrine, military stockpiles 2005 77 

Matieb, Paulino see Matiep, Paulino 

Matiep, Paulino 2007 323, 2007 324, 2007 340, 2010 278, 2010 280, 2010 292, 2010 296 

Matra BAe Dynamics (France) 2004 82, 2004 83 

Matravideki Femmuvek (MFS) (Hungary) 2001 37 

Mauritania 2005 167 

stockpiles 



Mauritius 2004 234, 2004 240 

Mauser Werke (Germany) 2001 32 




Mayors Against Illegal Guns (United States) 2008 285 

Mbabane (Swaziland), crime 2007 171, 2007 172 

MDRP see World Bank, Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Programme 

means 

demand for small arms 2006 144–5, 2006 147–8, 2006 149, 2006 150, 2006 153–8 


prices of assault rifles 2007 262, 2007 263, 2007 264, 2007 265–6 

measures see control measures 

Mechanikai Muvek (Hungary) 2001 37 

Médecins sans frontières (MSF) 

Burundi 2007 210, 2007 212–14, 2007 215 

Darfur 2005 236–7 


Medellín (Colombia) 2006 234 



gangs 





Medellín Plan Desarme (Colombia) 2008 292 

media 2005 143–5 

conflict deaths 2005 150–1, 2005 235–8, 2005 241–8 

data on legal transfers 2002 123 


public awareness campaigns, weapons collection 2002 309 

symbolic role of small arms, young men 2006 307–10 

medical costs 

187

costs of gun violence 2003 133 

costs of small arms violence 2006 189–91, 2006 195–7, 2006 199, 2006 201–4, 2006 207–8 

medical profession, firearm-related mortality and injuries 2002 162 

medical services see healthcare services 

Meek, Sarah 2002 294 

Me’ekamui Army (Bougainville) 2003 282, 2003 303 

megacities 2007 162 

armed violence 2007 164, 2007 167–9 

megaslums 2007 169 

Mekanika Indústria e Comércio (Brazil) 2001 29 

men 

armed youth 2006 295–317 

victimization 

Colombia 2006 215, 2006 228, 2006 239 


Mendi Peace Agreement (2002) 2006 157 

Mendoza (Argentina), weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 302, 2002 307–10, 2003 

280 

Menem, Carlos 2001 102, 2002 135 

mental health 

indirect effects of small arms 2001 215 


and violent behaviour 2008 254, 2008 255 

mentally disabled people, policing 2004 236–7 

mentoring, violence reduction programmes 2006 316 

Mercado Commún del Sur (MERCOSUR) 2001 258 

mercenaries, armed groups 2006 253 

Meste, Philippe 2005 155 

metacities 2007 162 

Metal Storm 2003 21, 2003 24 

Metallist Urlask Plant (Kazakhstan) 2005 56 

Metalnor Industria (Chile) 2001 30 

methodology 

accessibility thesis 2004 182 

estimating global suicides and homicides 2004 201–2 


Mexican Mafia (MM) (United States) 2010 160–1 

Mexico 

confiscated weapons 2010 105 






exports 


to China 2004 129 

irresponsible transfers from 2007 107 

188

to Israel 2007 102 

transparency 2004 117, 2006 81, 2007 89, 2009 50, 2010 16 


value 2003 2006 68, 2006 71 


firearm homicides and suicides 2001 209, 2001 240, 2003 138, 2004 53 


gangs 




illicit transfers from, to Colombia 2005 162 


from the United States 2001 188, 2002 135, 2003 108 









value 2002 2005 108 

value 2003 2006 76 





production 


licensed 2002 45, 2002 51, 2007 15, 2007 26 


survey of producers 2001 25, 2001 27, 2001 53, 2002 57, 2004 17, 2004 18, 2004 24–5 

unlicensed 2007 15, 2007 26 

stockpiles 2003 87, 2004 51, 2004 52, 2004 53 

civilian holdings 2004 53, 2007 47–8, 2007 124 



weapons diverted from United States 2008 63 

Mezosy, Geza 2001 100, 2004 164 

MFS 2000 Magyar Loszergyarto (Hungary) 2003 41–2 

MFS see Matravideki Femmuvek 

MG1/2/3 Series machine gun 2001 19, 2001 20 

MG3 machine gun 2001 40 

MIA see Ministry of Internal Affairs 

micro-disarmament 2002 282, 2003 292 

microeconomics, small arms as a threat to development 2001 229–31 

Micronesia, Federated States of 

189



stockpiles 2003 89, 2004 283, 2004 284 

Middle East 


distribution of producing countries 2002 10 

firearm homicides 2004 175, 2004 177, 2004 200 


imports 2002 16, 2003 101–2 

insurgents and other non-state combatants 1999 2001 79, 2002 130 

policing, average number of officers 2006 42 


production 

craft production 2002 16–17 



licensed production 2002 41, 2002 48–53 


survey of producers 2001 38–40, 2002 16–20 

stockpiles 2003 77–80, 2005 71–2, 2005 78, 2005 79, 2005 85–91 

2002 update 2002 90–4 



military 2006 52, 2006 53, 2006 58 

transfers, value 2000 2003 100 

Middle East and North Africa (MENA), production, licensed and unlicensed 2007 23 

migration 

firearm homicides, Brazil 2007 233, 2007 235–6 


Mil-Tec Corporation, Ltd. 2001 104 

MILF see Moro Islamic Liberation Front 

militant groups, in prison 2010 165–7 

Militants combattants (Burundi) 2007 202, 2007 206–7 


military collapse, and arms diversion 2008 60–2 

military doctrine, military stockpiles 2006 45–52, 2006 56 

military firearms 

see also military rifles 

ammunition 2001 27, 2002 14 

customs codes 2009 10, 2009 26 


European Union 2003 104 

export controls 2009 61–97 

exports 2001 146–7, 2002 115–17, 2006 67, 2006 69–73 



from the United States 2003 106, 2003 107 


190

manufacturing sectors 2005 45–6, 2005 49–53, 2005 55–7, 2005 58–62 

market 2004 38 

marking and tracing 2006 107 


power 2007 48 

production 2002 14, 2004 10–11, 2004 13–14, 2004 16, 2006 7–30 




global production 2001 12–14, 2002 9–10, 2002 13, 2002 15 

licensed and unlicensed 2007 7–32 


United States 2001 26, 2002 29 

Switzerland, transfer to civilian ownership 2007 54 

technology and innovation 2003 21 

trade decline 2003 102 

transfer to civilian ownership 2007 54, 2007 60–1 

transfers 

2006 2009 28–30, 2009 32–9 

Comtrade data 2000–2006 2009 23–5 


trends in exports 1995–1999 2002 147 

Military Industry Corporation (Sudan) 2002 18–19 

military integration, post-conflict security 2009 233, 2009 236 

military intervention, cost-benefit analysis 2006 195 

military personnel, thefts of weapons by 2008 49, 2008 51 


age of stock 2006 14–16 



development of new weapons 2006 23 


neighbouring country’s, prices 2007 264, 2007 266, 2007 271, 2007 281, 2007 282, 2007 283 

production estimates 2006 54–6 

weapons prices 2007 263, 2007 264, 2007 267, 2007 281, 2007 283 

Military Professional Resources Incorporated (MPRI) 2001 109 

military rifles 


exports, from the United States 2001 154, 2001 155 

global production by volume 1980–2000 2001 13 

military shotguns 2001 155 

military sidearms, global production 1980–2000 2001 13 

military stockpiles 2006 37–60 

see also national stockpiles; surplus weapons 

Africa 2003 80, 2003 81, 2003 83–4 



Bosnia and Herzegovina 2001 177 

191

y country 2006 44 

Cambodia 2006 119, 2006 125 

Central African Republic 2005 311, 2005 312, 2005 314 


China 2002 94, 2002 95, 2005 81 

Colombia 2005 161, 2006 219–20 

Constabulary militaries 2006 50–1 

crossover to civilian market 2007 54, 2007 60–1 


distribution of firearms 2001 4, 2001 59 

diversions from 2006 38–9 

2002 update 2002 137–8 

Albania 1997 2001 176–7, 2001 200–1, 2001 273, 2002 76–7, 2002 298–9, 2006 38, 2006 

44, 2006 47 

Argentina 2001 184–5 


Chile 2006 85 



Georgia 2005 171–2 

Kazakhstan 2001 179 

Mali 2005 165–6, 2005 169 

Philippines 2001 183 


Sierra Leone 2001 172–3 

South America 2006 65, 2006 83, 2006 85 

Tajikistan 2005 170 

terrorist groups 2004 102 

US Army 2002 260–1 

West African armed groups 2006 254–5, 2006 259, 2006 266 


Finland 2004 46 

firearms attrition 2001 76–7 

global estimates 2001 59, 2001 71–7, 2001 88, 2002 73, 2002 75, 2002 76, 2002 102–4, 2002 

103–4, 2006 37–8, 2006 45, 2006 52–4, 2007 43 

Iraq 2004 44–50 

Japan 2005 82 


largest 2006 56–8 



methodology 2001 65, 2004 46, 2005 76–8 


military doctrine 2002 74–9, 2006 45–52, 2006 56 

multipliers 2005 77 

North Korea 2005 83 

Northeast Asia 2005 79–80, 2005 84 

Pacific 2003 89, 2004 284, 2004 287–90 

192


People’s War militaries 2006 47–50 

post-Cold War surplus weapons 2001 76 

pre-automatic, data on 2007 43 

procurement 2006 14–16 

relative significance 2007 42 

reserve militaries 2006 51–2 

reserve weapons 2001 71–2, 2001 80, 2002 85 

sold to civilians in the US 2003 61 


South Korea 2005 83 


Switzerland, transfer to civilian ownership 2007 54 


Togo 2002 81, 2002 82 

transferred to civilian market 2002 246 

transparency 2001 72–3, 2006 45, 2006 58–60 

Trinitarian militaries 2006 46–7 

types of weapons 2006 53, 2006 54 

United Kingdom 2001 68 

United States 2001 66, 2002 83–6, 2003 17, 2006 44, 2006 46, 2006 47, 2006 53, 2006 56, 2006 

57 

weapons-to-troop ratios 2002 75–7, 2002 79 

military strategy, stockpiles 2006 45–52, 2006 56 

militias 

see also paramilitaries; pro-government armed groups 


Burundi 2007 202, 2007 206–7 

Cambodia 2006 130–1, 2006 134 

Central African Republic 2005 305–10, 2005 311, 2005 312 

changing roles 2010 269–72 



Georgia 2003 193, 2003 194, 2003 197, 2003 205–10 

Haiti 2007 174 





Somalia 2007 92–4 

South Sudan 2007 317, 2007 318–19, 2007 320, 2007 321–5 



Uganda 2006 287 



political 2007 174, 2007 175 


193


West Africa 2006 247–67, 2006 249 

Milkor Multiple Grenade Launcher (MGL) 2003 23 

Millennium Project 2005 287 

Mine Ban Treaty (Ottawa Convention) see Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, 

Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction (1997) 

mines 

see also landmines 

limpet mines 2008 9 

Ottawa Convention (1997) 2008 9, 2008 94–5 

Minigun, as light weapon 2008 10 

Minimi (M249) light machine gun 2001 26, 2003 113 




licensed 

acquiring countries 2007 18 



US Army acquisitions 2000 2002 86 


Minin, Leonid 2004 163–4, 2008 121, 2008 135 

Ministry of Defence Military Industrial Department (Armenia) 2003 48 

Ministry of Internal Affairs (MIA) (Georgia) 2003 203–4 

MINURCA see United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic 

mirror statistics, global trade 2006 66–7 

MISAC see Monitoring the Implementation of Small Arms Controls 

Miskine, Abdulaye 2005 309 

Misr 7.62mm assault rifle 2001 39, 2002 17 

Misr assault rifle, identifying 2009 113 

Misseriya Arabs, Sudan 2010 296 

missile-launching weapons see man-portable air defence systems 

missiles, Georgia 2003 203–4 

Mistral 2004 82, 2004 83, 2004 84 

MK 19 grenade launcher 2002 84, 2002 86, 2008 24 

MK 118 Mod 0 High Explosive Dual-Purpose (HEDP) warhead 2008 25 

MKEK see Makina ve Kimya Endustrisi Kurumu 

Mkhedrioni forces (Georgia) 2003 193–4 

ML see Wassenaar Arrangement Munitions List 

MLC see Movement de libération du Congo 

MLPC see Mouvement de libération du peuple centrafricain 

MLRS artillery rockets, transfers, to Europe 2003 104 

MM see Mexican Mafia 

Mmono, B. S. 2008 197 

MNLF see Moro National Liberation Front 

MNSTC-I see Multi-National Security Transition Command-Iraq 

mobilization 

People’s War doctrine 2006 47–50 

194

Reserve militaries 2006 51–2 

Mobutu Sese Seko 

arms for UNITA in Angola 2001 117–18, 2001 119, 2001 173, 2005 192 

Central African Republic 2005 304, 2005 317–18 

diamond trade in the Democratic Republic of the Congo 2001 108 

Mockus, Antanas 2006 230–2 

Model 92FS self-loading pistol 2007 10 

MODEL see Movement for Democracy in Liberia 

modelling, costs of small arms violence 2006 192 

modular assault rifles 2003 24 

Mohamed, Abdelrahim 2007 325 

Moi, Daniel Arap 2001 175 

Mojahideen al-Khalq 2002 90 

mokahala 2005 87 

Moldova 



DDR and weapons reduction programmes 2003 284, 2003 293, 2005 290 


exports 2003 109–10, 2004 103 


illicit transfers from, to Liberia 2002 132 



production 2001 16, 2001 30, 2001 34, 2001 53, 2002 57 

seizures of illicit arms 2001 176 

sub-machine guns, diverted to Liberia 2008 116, 2008 117 

theft from military stockpile 2008 55 

MoldTransavia 2008 117 

Molot Joint Stock Company (Russian Federation) 2001 33, 2004 14, 2004 15, 2004 16, 2004 122 

Mombasa (Kenya), MANPADS attack (2002) 2004 85, 2004 86, 2004 87–8, 2004 90, 2008 12 

Monaco 



money laundering, brokers 2001 106–7 

Mongolia, imports 2002 147 

monitoring 2004 5, 2004 249–71 

data on legal transfers 2001 144 

disarmament 2003 290, 2003 292–3 


inter-governmental, data on legal transfers 2001 144 



Monitoring the Implementation of Small Arms Controls (MISAC) 2004 259 

Monrovia (Liberia) 2002 134, 2005 182–3, 2008 11–12 

Monsieur, Jacques 2001 106 

Montaz i Mechanika (Bulgaria) 2003 44 

Montenegro 

195

see also Serbia and Montenegro 


ammunition 

stockpiles 2008 91, 2008 93 



exports, transparency 2010 13, 2010 15 

illicit transfers from, to the KLA 2004 133 

law enforcement stockpiles 2006 40 


Montesinos, Vladimiro 2005 163, 2008 120, 2008 123, 2008 124, 2008 129, 2008 134, 2008 135, 

2008 136 

Montserrat, tax havens and brokers 2001 105 

Moore, Michael 2005 21 

Moqtada al-Sadr militia, explosions at arms depots 2010 322 

moratoriums, disarmament 2003 309 

morbidity, design of weapons 2001 211 

Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) (Philippines) 2006 253, 2010 319 

illicit production 2001 46 




Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) 2001 183, 2005 285, 2010 117 


Morocco 

production 




stockpiles 2005 86–7, 2005 89, 2005 90 


mortality 

see also firearm homicides; firearm suicides 

data 2002 162 



trends 2002 162 

victims 2002 163–6 

Yemen 2003 172 

mortar bombs 

technological developments 2010 34 

transfers 2010 10, 2010 27–32 

types of 2010 28 

mortar grenades, Colombia 2006 223 

mortars 

attack on Monrovia (2003) 2005 182–3, 2008 11–12 

Burundi 2007 86, 2007 197, 2007 204, 2007 212, 2007 213 

Colombia 2006 223, 2006 225 

196



FAMAE 2001 30 

guidance systems 2008 27 

lethality 2008 11–12 


producers of 2008 26–7 

production 2001 41, 2002 72, 2004 8, 2004 33–4, 2005 57 

ranges 2008 26, 2008 27 


stockpiles 2002 63, 2002 70–3, 2004 46 

transport of 2008 10 

types 2008 26–7 

Moscow Accords (1994) 2003 207 

Moscow coup, Georgia 2003 198 

Moscow (Russian Federation) 

distance from, prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 263, 2007 269, 2007 281, 2007 282, 2007 

283 


Mothers Against Gang Warfare (MAGW) (United States) 2008 234 

motivations 

demand for small arms 2006 143, 2006 144–5, 2006 147–8, 2006 149–53, 2006 158 




prices of assault rifles 2007 262, 2007 263, 2007 264, 2007 265–6, 2007 271 

weapons collection 2002 305–6 

West African armed groups 2006 248, 2006 250–2, 2006 258 


‘Mouflon’ 2003 243 

Mouvement de libération du peuple centrafricain (MLPC) 2005 307–8, 2005 312 

Mouvement patriotique du Côte d’Ivoire (MPCI) 2003 82, 2006 254, 2006 256 


Movement of Central African Liberators (Mouvement des Libérateurs Centrafricains pour la Justice) 

(MLCJ) 2010 324 

Movement de libération du Congo (MLC) 2005 304 

Movement for Democracy in Liberia (MODEL) 2005 167–9, 2006 249, 2006 256 

Movement of the Democratic Forces of Casamance (MFDC) (Senegal) 2005 199, 2006 249, 2006 254 

Movement of the Democratic Forces of Guinea (RFDG) 2003 82, 2006 249, 2006 256 

Movement for Justice and Peace (Mouvement pour la justice et la paix) 2006 256 

Movement of Nigeriens for Justice, arms depots 2010 322 

Mozambique 

AK-47 2001 17, 2002 66 



Operation Rachel 1995–2003 2003 244, 2003 279, 2005 290 

peace process 2003 304, 2003 305, 2005 277, 2005 285 

Tools for Arms Project 1995–2001 2002 294, 2002 302, 2003 279 

197


NGOs and control 2002 243 


policing 

extrajudicial execution 2004 230 

post-conflict reform 2004 240 


prices 

AK47 rifle 2002 66 



stockpiles 2001 62, 2001 64, 2003 80 


weapons lotteries 2009 240 

MP-5 machine gun, Iraqi Security Forces 2007 83 

MPCI see Mouvement patriotique du Côte d’Ivoire 

MPRI see Military Professional Resources Incorporated 

MPT (Tondar) 2002 52 

MS-13 see Mara Salvatrucha 

MSF see Médecins sans frontières 

Mugabe, Robert 2001 108, 2001 109 

Muggah, Robert 2006 144 

mugobore 2007 204, 2007 205 

mujahideen forces, illicit transfers to, craft production in Pakistan 2003 32–3 

Multi-Donor Fund 2009 271 

Multi-National Security Transition Command-Iraq (MNSTC-I) 

irresponsible transfers to Iraq 2007 85 


multilateral measures 2001 251–83 

controls, brokering 2002 256–7 

disarmament and human development 2003 151–4 

marking 2002 245–7 

multiple system estimation (MSE), conflict deaths 2005 239, 2005 240, 2005 241, 2005 242–3 

Mumbai (India) 

gangs, membership 2010 106, 2010 107 


urbanization 2007 162, 2007 168 

municipal arms reduction, Colombia 2006 230–3 

municipal governments, violence reduction programmes 2007 171, 2007 178–88 

Munora Holdings (Malaysia) 2001 43, 2002 51, 2002 53 

murders see homicides 

Murle people (Sudan) 2007 334, 2007 335, 2007 337–8 


Museveni, Yoweri 2002 291, 2006 274–5 

muskets, Yemen 2003 172 

Muslim Brotherhood see Ikhwan-ul Muslimoon 

mutinies, Central African Republic 2005 320, 2005 321–2 

muzzle-loading firearms 2002 114, 2002 115, 2002 147, 2005 51–3 

198

Myanmar 2002 129, 2002 142–3 

ammunition, procurement 2010 32 








imports 

human rights 2004 128, 2004 131 



non-state actors, light weapons holdings 2008 15, 2008 33 



production 






naciones, Ecuador 2010 211 

Nadi Framework 2004 301 

Nagorno-Karabakh 

illicit transfers to 2001 178, 2001 179–80, 2002 133 



Nairobi (Kenya) 


urban violence 2007 163, 2007 175 


Nairobi Best Practice Guidelines (2005), transfer controls 2008 160–2 

Nairobi Declaration (2000) 2001 263–4, 2002 242, 2002 262 

Nairobi Guidelines 2007 130 

Nairobi Protocol (2004) 2005 24, 2005 125, 2005 126, 2005 135, 2010 49–50 

NAM see Non-Aligned Movement 

Namibia 



brokers, diamond trade in the Democratic Republic of the Congo 2001 108 



DDR and weapons reduction programmes 2003 292, 2005 290, 2009 185 


exports 

human rights 2004 129, 2004 130 

199

irresponsible transfers to Angola 2007 98 


imports 2003 118, 2005 103, 2006 72, 2006 74, 2006 76 

policing, post-conflict reform 2004 240 


naming and shaming, West African armed groups 2006 265–6 

Nammo AS (Finland/Sweden/Norway) 2003 15 

Nammo Lapua Oy (Finland) 2002 12 

Nasir Peace Force (Sudan) 2007 324 

Nasser, Gamal Abdul 2003 175 

National Army of Democratic Kampuchea (Cambodia) 2006 120 

National Army of Independent Kampuchea (ANKI) (Cambodia) 2006 120–1, 2006 125, 2006 126 

National Capital District (NCD) (Papua New Guinea) 2006 165, 2006 166, 2006 167–78 

national commissions, disarmament 2003 293 

National Committee for Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration (NCDDR) (Sierra Leone) 

2003 307 

National Congress for the Defense of the Congolese People (CNDP) (Democratic Republic of the 

Congo), guided light weapons holdings 2008 32 

National Congress Party (NCP) (Sudan) 2007 318, 2007 321–2, 2007 333 

relations with GoSS 2010 277–8 

national control measures 

air cargo companies 2001 112–14 

air transportation 2010 50–4 


brokers 2001 96, 2001 101–2, 2001 103–5, 2001 123–6, 2001 130, 2002 254–5 

civilian ownership 2007 62, 2007 63 

Chile 2003 28–9 

Europe 2003 66–7 


Turkey 2003 31–2 

illicit craft production 

Ghana 2003 30 


MANPADS 2005 130–7 

marking 2002 244–5 

transport agents 2001 123–6, 2001 130 


National Democratic Alliance (NDA) (Sudan) 2001 174 

National Democratic Front for Bodoland (NDFB) 2001 181 

National Democratic Front of the Philippines (NDFP), weapon-related commitments 2010 317, 2010 

318 

National Disarmament Commission (NDC) (Afghanistan) 2009 292–3 

National Gun Control Committee (NGCC) (Papua New Guinea) 2006 165, 2006 184 

National Gun Summit (Papua New Guinea) 2006 165, 2006 167 

national immunization days (NIDs) 2002 170 

National Islamic Front (NIF) 2010 278 

national laws 

Great Lakes region and Horn of Africa 2002 262–3 

200

UN Small Arms Conference (2001), draft Programme of Action 2002 208–9 

national legislation, civilian ownership, controls 2002 263–71 

National Liberation Army (ELN) (Colombia) 2006 216 

civilian casualties 2006 224 




illicit trafficking 2006 222 

stockpiles 2001 80, 2002 82–3, 2006 221 

National Liberation Army (NLA) (Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia) 2003 67 





National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) 2010 187 

National Organisation for Military Production (NOMP) (Egypt) 2001 38–9 

National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL) 2003 82, 2005 167, 2005 193, 2005 194 

National Points of Contact 2006 58–60, 2006 83 

National Redemption Front (Sudan) 2007 92 

National Reloading Manufacturers Association 2005 15 

National Resistance Army (NRA) (Uganda) 2005 187, 2005 196, 2006 274–5 

National Rifle Association (NRA) (United States) 2004 70–1, 2005 75 





UN Small Arms Conference 2002 217, 2002 247 


national security 


exports, transparency 2007 96 




state demand for small arms 2006 147 

state-to-state transfers, UN Firearms Protocol 2002 239 

transparency of legal transfers 2001 142 

National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN), illicit transfers to 2001 181 

national sovereignty 


brokering controls 2002 255–6, 2002 257 


humanitarian approach to small arms 2002 177 

legal transfers 2002 203 

national controls 2002 272 

state demand for small arms 2006 147 

tracing and marking 2006 107–8, 2006 109–10 

transfers to non-state actors 2007 133–4 

201

national stockpiles 

see also military stockpiles 



diversions 

extra-security force diversion 2008 53–6 


intra-security force diversion 2008 48–53 

issued stocks 2008 51 

low-order 2008 47–56 

military collapse 2008 60–2 

official conspiracy 2008 56–9 

types 2008 46 

management of 2008 59–60 


security of 2008 52–3, 2008 55–6, 2008 66, 2008 69–70 

surplus 2008 86–9 


thefts from storage 2008 48–51, 2008 53–4 

national transfer reports 2003 98–102 

National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) see União Nacional para a 

Independência Total a Angola 

NATO see North Atlantic Treaty Organization 

natural resources 



South Sudan 2007 317, 2007 318, 2007 333 

Yemen 2003 172 

Nauru 




imports 2004 280, 2004 281 

stockpiles 2003 89, 2004 284 


navies 

firearms stocks 2001 74 


Nazi Germany, weapons collection 2009 165 

NCACC see South Africa, National Conventional Arms Control Committee 

NCD see National Capital District 

NCDDR see National Committee for Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration 

NCP see National Congress Party 

NDA see National Democratic Alliance 

Ndadaye, Melchior 2007 199 

Ndayikengurukiye, Colonel Jean-Bosco 2007 218 

NDC see National Disarmament Commission 

NDFB see National Democratic Front for Bodoland 

202

NDFP see National Democratic Front of the Philippines 

Ndoubabé, Victor 2005 309 

NDPVF see Niger Delta People’s Volunteer Force 

NDV see Niger Delta Vigilante 

NDVF see Niger Delta Volunteer Force 

necessity, policing 2004 218–19 

Negev machine gun 2002 35, 2002 123 

negotiation, disarmament 2003 277–316 

neighbourhood watch schemes 



Nepal 


armed violence impacts on children 2009 200 

attacks on schools 2009 204 



imports 2003 97, 2003 113, 2004 125, 2005 106 


from the United States 2003 97, 2003 107, 2003 113, 2004 120, 2004 121 






stockpiles 2002 79, 2002 80, 2002 101–2 


Neshat, Shirin 2005 148–9 

Netherlands 



controls 2002 254 


international cooperation on 2004 150 

licensing 2004 153, 2004 154, 2004 155, 2004 156 






export controls, exceptions 2009 79 

exports 







203


military firearms 2001 146, 2001 147, 2002 115, 2002 116 

national reporting 2001 150–1, 2002 119, 2002 120, 2002 122 



transparency 2005 110, 2005 111, 2005 112, 2007 88, 2009 8, 2009 49, 2010 8, 2010 15 


value 2002 2005 104 



gangs, gun ownership 2010 110, 2010 111 

imports 

ammunition 2009 16, 2009 17 

Comtrade data 2001 156, 2009 12 









value 2002 2005 108 

value 2003 2006 76 




production 


licensed 2007 15, 2007 21 





stockpiles 

civilian holdings, correlation to GDP 2007 58–9 



transfers, transit trade 2003 104–5 


Netherlands Antilles, tax havens and brokers 2001 105 

Neutron Research and Production (Armenia) 2003 48 

New Caledonia 



imports 2004 280, 2004 281, 2004 282 

stockpiles 2003 89, 2004 284 

New Forces (Côte d’Ivoire) 2006 249 

204


New Lachaussée 2005 14 

New Orleans (United States), homicide rate 2007 165 

New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) 2005 287 

new wars, humanitarian impacts 2002 173–6, 2002 181, 2002 184–6 

New York City (United States) 


homicides 1968-2004 2007 166, 2007 184 

policing, broken-window theory 2007 184 

New Zealand 

Bougainville conflict 2004 294, 2004 295 

civilian ownership 2004 283, 2004 301, 2004 302, 2004 303 








reporting of 2009 27 


imports 2004 281, 2004 282 




value 2003 2006 74, 2006 77 

mortar production 2008 27 

production 





smuggling 2004 285 

stockpiles 2003 88, 2003 89 


law enforcement 2006 40, 2006 43 

leakage 2004 287, 2004 288 


UN Small Arms Conference (2001), Programme of Action 2002 210–11 


Next-generation Light Anti-tank Weapon (NLAW) 2008 26 

NF see Nuestra Familia 

NGOs see non-governmental organizations 

Niari (Republic of the Congo) 2003 267–8 

Nicaragua 




205





DDR and weapons reduction 2002 74, 2002 292–4, 2002 302, 2003 280, 2003 282, 2005 277, 

2005 290 

destruction programmes, MANPADS 2008 100, 2008 101 


diversion, weapons to Colombia 2008 121, 2008 122, 2008 124, 2008 126 

exports, human rights 2004 130, 2004 132 



gangs 



homicides 2009 227, 2009 228 

illicit transfers from, to Colombia 2001 188–9, 2003 116, 2004 130, 2005 162, 2006 85 

illicit transfers to, Cold War grey market 2001 169 

insecurity 2002 166, 2002 195 



stockpiles, civilian holdings 2007 65 

Nicaragua–Honduras, DDR programmes 2009 185 

niche markets 2003 10, 2003 20–3 

NIF see National Islamic Front 

Niger 

armed groups 2006 255, 2006 259 






to RUF in Sierra Leone 2002 132, 2004 132 

imports, authorized transfers 1999–2002 2004 113 



Niger Delta People’s Volunteer Force (NDPVF) (Nigeria) 2006 249, 2006 263, 2010 270 

Niger Delta Vigilante (NDV) (Nigeria) 2006 249, 2006 263 

Niger Delta Volunteer Force (NDVF) (Nigeria) 2006 249 

Nigeria 

armed groups 

command structure 2006 252 




motivations 2006 250–1 



206

civilian firearms ownership 2007 172 



disarmament attempt 2005 75 

diversion, weapons from Yugoslavia to Liberia 2008 121 



to Mali 2005 167 


imports 2004 114, 2005 103 




policing, urban political armed violence 2007 175 



production 




licensed 2002 43, 2002 45, 2002 46–7, 2007 15, 2007 18 



stockpiles 2003 82, 2003 83 

vigilante groups 2010 267 

violence and crime 2003 139, 2004 193, 2004 194, 2004 196, 2004 198, 2006 201 

urban armed violence 2007 167, 2007 171, 2007 175, 2007 183 

night commuting, Uganda 2006 280–1 

Night Owls (Norway) 2010 247 

night-vision equipment 2005 46, 2005 58 

Nike-Fiocchi (Hungary) 2001 37, 2003 42 

Nikonov assault rifle (AN-94) 2002 25 


Ninjas (Republic of the Congo) 2003 256–8 

holdings 2003 260–1, 2003 264–5, 2003 268–9 

NISAT see Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers 

Niti Kazanlak (Bulgaria) 2003 44 

Nitrokemia (Hungary) 2001 37 

Niue 




stockpiles 2003 88, 2003 89, 2004 284 


Nizigama, Serge 2007 86 

Nkunda, Laurent 2009 222 

Nkurunziza, Pierre 2007 86, 2007 199 

NLA see National Liberation Army (Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia) 

207

Nobel Laureate Code see International Code of Conduct on Arms Transfers (1997) 

NOMP see National Organisation for Military Production 

Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) 

Bamako Declaration (2000) (OAU) 2002 213 

Brasilia Declaration 2002 212 


non-EU European countries 2003 108–11 

non-governmental organizations (NGOs) 

aiding the arming of non-state actors 2002 186 

Conference 2002 242–3 

conflict deaths 2005 233–4 

control 2002 242–3 

DDR and weapons destruction 2003 155–6, 2005 277, 2005 287 

disarmament and development 2003 155–6 



military protection for personnel on humanitarian missions 2002 189–90 

monitoring 2004 257, 2004 258–63, 2004 269, 2004 271 

research on legal transfers 2001 143 


UN Biennial Meeting of States 2004 2 



UN Small Arms Conference (2001) 2002 205, 2002 217–18 


non-guided light weapons, licensed and unlicensed production 2007 20, 2007 21–2 

non-lethal weapons 2005 16, 2005 51, 2005 53 




anti-tank guided weapons 2008 20 

diversion from national stockpiles 2008 53–6 

improvised explosive devices (IEDs) 2008 14–15, 2008 31 

light weapons holdings 2008 15–16, 2008 17–18, 2008 31, 2008 32–3 


see also armed groups; guerrillas; insurgents; rebel groups 

battlefield seizures and war booty 2002 138–9 

Brazil 2007 289–90, 2007 301–11 


conflict goods 2002 139–41, 2002 142 


definition 2006 248, 2010 116, 2010 256–7 

diversions to, ammunition 2007 289–312 

dormant or active 2010 116–17 

identity change 2010 118 



arms embargoes 2002 131–3 

208

complicity in violations of international law 2007 131 

control measures 2007 117, 2007 119, 2007 123–4, 2007 128, 2007 129, 2007 131, 2007 

132–5 

diversion of legal arms to 2002 128–31 

grey market 2001 166, 2001 167, 2001 168–9 

international law 2007 131, 2007 132–5 



patterns 2001 168 



international law 2002 179 

Iraq 2005 73 

MANPADS controls 2005 127–8, 2005 133 

megaslums 2007 168 

membership 2010 116–17, 2010 118–19 


Philippines 2001 183–4 


pro-government groups 2010 94–5, 2010 255–72 

resources 2005 186–7 

ruling groups 2010 117–18 

small arms ownership 2010 102–5, 2010 116–24 

South Sudan 2007 317, 2007 318–26, 2007 341–4 

spectrum of 2010 256–8 

stockpile liquidity 2002 314 


transfers to, weapons prices 2007 267 

Uganda 2007 289–301 

UN Programme of Action 2002 219–20, 2002 222, 2002 224–5 

weapons collection, assessment of 2002 314–15 

non-transfer clauses, end-use assurances 2002 250 

Nordic Ammunition (Norway), ammunition production 2001 15 

Norinco (North Industries Corporation) (China) 

AK-47, prices 2007 260 

ammunition 

exports, to Uganda 2007 293, 2007 294 

tracing 2007 291 

company profile 2000 2002 23, 2002 55 

factory in Myanmar 2001 43 


illegal domestic gun trade 2002 96 







209



transfers to Central Africa 2001 108 


weapons used in crime in the United States 2001 24 

norm entrepreneurs 2003 221–2 

norms 2002 283, 2003 215–48 

North Africa, Bamako Declaration (2000) (OAU) 2002 213–14 

North America 

exports, value 2000 2003 100 


illicit transfers 2001 83, 2001 188–9 

imports, value 2000 2003 100 


production 2004 9, 2004 10 

distribution of producing companies 2001 10, 2003 12, 2003 14 

distribution of producing countries 2001 10, 2002 11, 2002 12, 2003 11 

regional survey 2001 25–7 


violence and crime 2004 173, 2004 176, 2004 177, 2004 178, 2004 180, 2004 199–200 


North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 




DDR and weapons collection 2003 299, 2005 287 


FYROM 2003 289 

looted arms in Albania 2001 201 

Macedonia 2002 293 


destruction programme assistance 2008 78, 2008 80, 2008 94, 2008 97 

Kazakhstan 2008 98–9 

East Central European countries 2001 35 


Kosovo Force (KFOR) 2005 205, 2005 219, 2005 221 


MANPADS 2004 79, 2004 81, 2004 92 

membership requirements 2008 103–4 

military procurement 2006 10, 2006 11, 2006 21, 2006 22, 2006 23, 2006 25 

Partnership for Peace (PfP) 2002 260, 2005 72–4 

Serbia and Montenegro, bombing of 2003 46 

Turkey 2001 39–40 

North Korea 

diversion, weapons from China to Sri Lanka 2008 121 



transparency 2006 65, 2006 80, 2006 81, 2007 74, 2007 87, 2007 89, 2009 8, 2009 50, 2010 

210

8, 2010 13, 2010 15 

unreported 2009 8, 2009 31 

value 2002 2005 101 

value 2003 2006 68, 2006 71 




imports 

human rights 2004 126, 2004 128, 2004 131 


MANPADS 2004 88, 2004 89 


production 


licensed and unlicensed 2007 15, 2007 21 


MANPADS 2004 81, 2004 82, 2007 21 


stockpiles 2005 83, 2005 85 

military 2002 77, 2006 48, 2006 49, 2006 52, 2006 57 

North Ossetia, conflict with Georgia 2003 194 

North Sudan DDR Commission (NSDDRC) 2007 332–3 

North Yemen see Yemen Arab Republic 

Northeast Asia 



stockpiles 2005 71–2, 2005 78, 2005 79–85 

Northern Alliance (Afghanistan) 2009 288 

foreign government support for 2002 130–1 




through Kyrgyzstan 2004 322, 2004 323 

stockpiles, 2002 update 2002 102 

Northern Ireland 

disarmament 2002 292–3, 2002 311, 2003 284–6, 2003 297, 2006 260 


illicit transfers using the internet 2001 188 


policing 2004 221–2, 2004 223, 2004 234–5 


rubber bullets 2005 16 

stockpiles 

civilian holdings 2001 203, 2001 239 

terrorism 2002 88, 2002 292–3, 2002 311, 2003 72, 2003 284–6, 2003 297, 2006 260 


Northwest Frontier Province, illicit craft production 2003 32 

Norway 

211




international cooperation on 2004 150 

licensing 2004 155, 2004 156, 2004 157 



reporting obligations 2004 160 









exports 








national reporting 2001 151, 2002 120 



transparency 2004 117, 2005 112, 2006 81, 2007 74, 2007 87, 2007 88, 2009 8, 2009 49, 

2010 15 

trends 2000 2003 108 


value 2002 2005 104 

value 2003 2006 71 


1998 2001 209, 2001 240 

and civilian ownership 1999 2001 203, 2001 239 


imports 2003 111, 2004 110, 2004 123, 2005 103, 2005 105, 2005 108, 2006 70, 2006 72, 2006 

77 



production 


licensed 2002 51, 2007 15 





212



stockpiles 

civilian holdings 2001 203, 2001 239, 2003 65 



military 2001 73, 2001 76, 2006 43, 2006 44, 2006 45, 2006 51, 2006 53 

police 2001 70, 2005 78, 2006 43 



UN Programme of Action 2002 210, 2002 221, 2002 223 


Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers (NISAT) 2005 98 


data on legal transfers 2001 143, 2009 28, 2009 33 

global update 2006 66 


Norwegian exports 2001 151 


Small Arms Black Market File Archive, prices 2007 260 

al-Nour, Atom 2007 324 

November 17 terrorist organization 2003 72 

NOVIB, Burundi 2007 197 

NPFL see National Patriotic Front of Liberia 

NR1 Light Automatic Rifle 2001 41, 2002 46 

NRA see National Resistance Army; National Rifle Association 

NSA see Small Arms Consultative Group Process 

NSAs see non-state armed groups 

NSCN see National Socialist Council of Nagaland 

NSDDRC see North Sudan DDR Commission 

NSV heavy machine gun 2004 32, 2004 34 

Ntaryamira, Cyprien 2007 199 

Ntibantunganya, Sylvestre 2007 199 

Ntoumi faction 2003 257–8, 2003 269 

Nuer people (Sudan), tribal conflict 2010 286–8 

Nuestra Familia (NF) (United States) 2010 161 

Numbers gangs (South Africa) 2010 162–4 

Nyangoma, Léonard 2007 218 

Nyarweng 2007 334 

Nyerere, Julius, Burundi 2007 199 

OAGs (South Sudan) see Other Armed Groups 

OAS see Organization of American States 

OAU see Organization of African Unity 

Objective Individual Combat Weapon (OICW) 2002 34, 2003 23–4, 2006 10, 2006 24 

Obote, Milton 2005 196, 2006 274 

obsolete weapons 

disposal 2004 56–60 

213

military stockpiles 2001 65, 2006 54, 2006 56, 2006 57–8 

Occidental Airlines 2001 121, 2001 122, 2001 172 

Occupied Palestinian Territory 

attacks on schools 2009 204 

health care 2009 207 

Oceania, young men, proportion of population 2006 299 

ODA see overseas development assistance 

OECD see Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development 

OEF see Operation Enduring Freedom 

Oerlikon-Contraves (Switzerland) 2001 32, 2002 12, 2002 34, 2002 38 

OEWG see United Nations (UN), Open-Ended Working Group on Tracing Illicit Small Arms and 

Light Weapons 

O.F. Mossberg & Sons (United States) 2005 54 

12GA Shotgun, used in crime in the US 2001 24 




OFB (India), licensed production 2007 18 

official reports, conflict deaths 2005 233–5 

offset arrangements 2007 10–11, 2007 12, 2008 20 

offshore banking, brokers 2001 104–5, 2004 144 

Oficina de Control y Comercio de Armas y Explosivos (OCCAE) (Colombia) 2006 219–20 

Ogaden National Liberation Front 2010 315 

Ohrid peace accord (2001) 2003 289 

OICW see Objective Individual Combat Weapon 

oil 



South Sudan 2007 324, 2007 333 

oil reserves, Sudan 2010 295–6 

Oleoresin Capsicum (OC) sprays 2004 223 

OLS see Operation Lifeline Sudan 

Oman 

imports 2003 111, 2005 104, 2006 70 



stockpiles 2005 88, 2005 89 

Yemen 2003 175 

Omani Popular Front for the Liberation of the Occupied Arab Gulf 2003 175 

Omega Foundation 2004 11 

ONUB see United Nations Operation in Burundi 

O’odua People’s Congress (OPC) (Nigeria) 2006 249 

OPC see O’odua People’s Congress 

Open General Export Licences (OGELs) 2009 79–80 

Open Society Institute 2001 214 

Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF), Afghanistan 2009 285, 2009 288–9 

Operation Essential Harvest (Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia) 2002 293, 2002 302, 2003 

281, 2003 289 

214

Operation Lifeline Sudan (OLS) 2001 174–5 

Operation Lightning Thunder 2010 289 

Operation Rachel (Mozambique) 2002 295, 2003 244, 2003 279 

Operation Sovereign Legitimacy (OSLEG) (Zimbabwe) 2001 108 

opinio juris 2003 218 

opium 


production, Afghanistan 2009 307 

OPM see Organisasi Papua Merdeka 

opportunity costs 2001 233–4 

opportunity reduction, national control of civilian ownership 2002 263 

optics systems manufacturing 2005 46, 2005 58–62 

Orbis (Slovenia) 2003 46 

Ordnance Development and Engineering Company of Singapore, licensed production 2007 18 

Ordnance Factories (India), survey of producers 2001 42 

Organisasi Papua Merdeka (OPM) (West Papua Independence Movement) 2006 253 

Organization of African Unity (OAU) (African Union) 

Bamako Declaration (2000) 2002 213–14 

ammunition 2005 24, 2005 28–9 


light weapons 2005 125, 2005 126, 2005 136 


regional norms 2003 238, 2003 242, 2003 245 


peacekeeping force in Somalia 2007 94 

transfers from Russia 2001 266 

Organization of American States (OAS) 

brokering 2001 128–9, 2002 25–6, 2004 143, 2004 147–9, 2004 152, 2004 166 

firearms instruments 2001 252–7 

Inter-American Convention against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, 

Ammunition, Explosives, and Other Related Materials (1997) 2001 253, 2005 24, 2005 

124–5, 2007 73 



implementation 2001 255 


marking 2002 245–6, 2002 247 

norms 2003 236 

stockpile management 2002 259 

UN Firearms Protocol (2001) 2001 278, 2002 238 

UN Small Arms Conference, influence on 2002 210 

member states 2001 253 

Model Regulations 2001 253–6, 2001 257, 2005 24, 2005 124, 2005 125, 2009 62, 2009 63 

Model Regulations on brokering (2003) 2010 49–50 

Venezuelan coup attempt 2002 2007 80 

weapons collection, Nicaragua 2002 292–4 

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 2005 277 

Anti-bribery Convention (1997), brokering 2002 258 

215

Development Assistance Committee 2007 127, 2007 178 

Overseas Development Assistance (ODA) 2001 233 

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) 

air transport control 2010 46–7, 2010 48–9 

brokering 2001 127, 2002 256, 2004 149–50 

control measures 2001 127, 2001 273–4, 2001 274–6 

destruction programme assistance 2008 78, 2008 94, 2008 97, 2008 98 

disarmament and development 2003 154 

Document on Small Arms and Light Weapons (2000) 2001 275, 2005 24, 2005 125–6, 2007 26, 

2007 30–1, 2008 79, 2009 62, 2009 63, 2009 69, 2009 82 






transfers and human rights 2004 125 

UN Small Arms Conference (2001) 2002 211–12 

embargoes 

2001 2002 133 

on Armenia 2001 180 

on Azerbaijan 2001 180 

government information on exports 2003 98 

Handbook of Best Practices on Small Arms and Light Weapons (2003) 2009 62 

surplus identification 2008 81 



intergovernmental transparency 2004 114 


licensed production 2007 26, 2007 28, 2007 30–1 

looted arms in Albania 2001 201 

MANPADS 2004 93, 2005 123, 2005 127–8, 2005 130–8 

monitoring 2001 144, 2004 253 

Principles Governing Conventional Arms Transfers 2004 125, 2009 91 

regional norms 2003 236 


Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe-Development Assistance Committee 

(OECD-DAC), security sector reform 2006 134 

organizational factors, use of weapons in armed conflict 2005 179, 2005 180–1, 2005 188–99, 2005 

200 

organized crime 

Brazil 2007 227, 2007 289–90, 2007 301–11 


Central and South Asia 2003 111 

Colombia 2006 219, 2006 227–30 


effects of small arms misuse 2001 220–1 

Georgia 2003 202, 2003 206–7, 2003 208–9, 2003 210 


216

from Argentina 2001 185 


to Chile 2001 185 

to Papua New Guinea 2001 184 

Russian Federation 2001 177–9 

South Caucasus 2001 179–80 

Inter-American Convention 2001 278, 2001 279 


norms 2003 223 



theft of civilian weapons 2008 63–4 



urban armed violence 2007 169–73, 2007 176, 2007 179–81 

Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) (Ethiopia), guided light weapons holdings 2008 32 

Oryx Diamonds 2001 108–9 

OSCE see Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe 

OSLEG see Operation Sovereign Legitimacy 

Other Armed Groups (OAGs) (South Sudan) 2007 317, 2007 318–19, 2007 320–6, 2007 332, 2007 

340–4 

Ottawa Convention (1997) see Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and 

Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction 

Ottawa process, norms 2003 221 

Otterloo, use for diversion of weapons 2008 116, 2008 121, 2008 158 

Ottoman Empire 2003 172–4, 2005 208–10 

outcome evaluation, weapons collection programmes 2002 312 

outcomes, type of weapons used 2005 182–7 

overseas development assistance (ODA) 

costs of conflict 2001 233 



Oxfam 



security of personnel 2002 189, 2002 196 

PA see Palestinian Authority 

Pacific 2004 5, 2004 277–305 

see also Asia-Pacific 



control legislation 2004 300–3 




illicit transfers 2001 182, 2001 184 


217


stockpiles 2003 88–9, 2004 55, 2004 56, 2004 277, 2004 280–5 

trade 2004 280–90 

Pacific Islands 



Pacific Islands Forum 2004 252, 2004 278–9 

light weapons 2005 125, 2005 126 

pain and suffering, costs of small arms violence 2006 191, 2006 192, 2006 196 

Pakistan 






exports 


human rights 2004 128, 2004 130, 2004 131 




unreported 2009 8, 2009 31 


value 2002 2005 101, 2005 104 

value 2003 2006 68, 2006 71 

homicides, Karachi 2007 175 


to Afghanistan 2001 180–1, 2003 112 



imports 2004 101, 2004 123 






production 



heavy machine guns 2008 21 

illicit craft production 2001 46–7, 2002 67, 2003 9, 2003 27, 2003 32–3 

licensed 2002 51, 2007 15, 2007 19, 2007 21 


MANPADS 2004 81, 2004 82 





218

sponsorship of Kashmiri militants 2010 117 


civilian holdings 2001 87, 2002 80, 2003 33, 2007 47–8 

military 2002 100, 2006 57 

tribal militias 2010 272 

weapons collection programmes 2002 296–7, 2003 280 

Pakistan Ordnance Factories (POF) 

joint venture with Saudi producers 2002 53 

licensed production 2002 50, 2002 51, 2002 53, 2007 19 

links with Iranian producers 2002 52 

links with Sudan 2002 18–19 



Palau 



stockpiles 2003 89, 2004 284 

Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) 2009 319 


Palestinian Authority (PA) 






Palestinian Territories 

Al-Qassam rockets 2008 15 


black-market prices 2002 66, 2002 67, 2002 68 


former insurgents becoming legitimate authorities 2001 83 





group goals 2005 189 


light weapons holdings 2008 15, 2008 33 

prices 2002 66, 2002 67, 2002 68, 2002 70 






reserve 2001 80 

Palestinians 

Intifada, casualties 2002 165 

production, craft production 2002 17 

219

Palipe-Agakiza (Burundi) 2007 203 

Palipehutu-FNL see Parti de libération du peuple hutu-Forces nationales de libération 

Palleros, Diego 2001 102 

Panama 








diversion, weapons to Colombia 2008 121, 2008 124, 2008 126, 2008 129 


gangs 




Argentina to Croatia 2001 102 

to Colombia 2001 189, 2004 130, 2005 162, 2006 85, 2006 222 




weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 302, 2002 311, 2003 280, 2005 290 

pandillas 


Ecuador 2010 211 

Panel of Experts on Violations of Security Council Sanctions against UNITA (Fowler Report) 2002 

184 

Panguna Mine (Bougainville) 2003 302 

Panzerfaust shoulder-fired rocket launchers 2002 71, 2008 25 

PAP see People’s Armed Police 

Papua New Guinea (PNG) 2006 165–84 

ammunition 


use of expanding bullets 2005 22–3 

Bougainville conflict 2003 302, 2004 293–6, 2005 292 

demand for small arms 2006 146–9, 2006 151–4, 2006 156, 2006 157–8 


diversion of arms and ammunition 2008 48–9 

firearm-related violence 2006 175–8 


smuggling 2004 277, 2004 285–6 

imports 2004 280, 2004 281, 2004 282 


prices 2006 176–8 




220



stockpiles 2003 88, 2003 89 

civilian holdings 2001 85, 2004 283, 2004 301, 2004 302, 2006 175–8 

leakage 2004 288, 2004 289 

military 2006 44, 2006 51 

police 2006 41, 2006 43 

state 2004 284 


destruction 2008 104, 2008 105 

violence and crime 2004 295, 2006 178–83 

Para-Ordnance (Canada) 2001 27 

Paraguay 





illicit transfers from 2001 185–6, 2009 44 

ammunition to Brazil 2005 26 

to Colombia 2004 130, 2005 163 

to Brazil 2007 306 

transit trade 2006 83, 2006 222 

imports 2001 157, 2002 117 

from Brazil 2004 123, 2007 96–7 


production 




stockpiles 2004 51, 2004 52 


paramilitaries 

see also militias 

Colombia 2006 215, 2006 216–17, 2006 235 

amnesties for 2006 263 


conflict-related civilian killings 2006 223–4 

DDR programmes 2006 233–4 

illicit trafficking 2006 222–3 



Georgia 2003 205–6 

Haiti 2007 174 

Northern Ireland 2003 284–6, 2006 305 

peace settlements, weapons collection 2002 292–3 

South Sudan 2007 317, 2007 318 

stockpiles 2001 71–2, 2001 74, 2006 42, 2006 43 

sub-machine guns, technological developments 2003 22 

221







Parana state (Brazil), firearm homicides 2007 241 

Pare 2007 337 

parental notification, municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 180, 2007 181 

Paris Agreements (1991) 2006 120 

Paris Principles and Guidelines on Children Associated with Armed Forces or Armed Groups (2007) 

2009 208 

Parker, Cornelia 2005 157 

parliamentary transparency 2004 114 

Partai Aceh 2009 263 

Parti congolais du travail (PCT) (Republic of the Congo) 2003 256–8, 2003 260–2, 2003 264–5, 2003 

267 

Parti de libération du peuple hutu-Forces nationales de libération (Palipehutu-FNL) (Burundi) 2007 

86, 2007 120, 2007 197, 2007 199–200, 2008 196–7 

participation, weapons collection programmes 2002 299, 2002 313 

participatory monitoring and evaluation (PM&E) 2002 313 

participatory rural or urban appraisal (PRA/PUA) 2002 313, 2004 191 

parts transfers 2006 68–73, 2006 75–8 

Party of Democratic Kampuchea (PDK) (Khmer Rouge) 2006 120–1, 2006 125, 2006 126 

ammunition availability 2005 18, 2005 19 



illicit transfers from, to the LTTE in Sri Lanka 2001 183 


Pasteur Ntoumi 2003 257–8, 2003 269 

pastoralists 

disarmament 2002 291, 2003 312 

effects of small arms misuse 2003 141, 2003 143, 2003 147 


Kenya 2003 141 

South Sudan 2007 326, 2007 327–31, 2007 329, 2007 333–5, 2007 337–8 

Uganda 2002 291, 2007 289, 2007 290–301 

Pastrana, President Andres 2003 87 

Patassé, President Ange-Félix 2005 303, 2005 305–9, 2005 311, 2005 314–16, 2005 319, 2005 324–5 

path dependence, popularity of the AK-47 2007 259 

pathways model, violence risks 2008 251–3 

patriarchy, child soldiers 2001 229 

Patriotic Movement against Crime (MPCD) (El Salvador) 2002 294 

Patriotic Movement of Côte d’Ivoire (MPCI) see Mouvement patriotique du Côte d’Ivoire 

Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK), firearms 2010 122 

patronage systems 

Cambodia 2006 121–2, 2006 132, 2006 135, 2006 136 


222

Patten Report 2004 223, 2004 234–5 

PBRs see plastic baton rounds 

PCASED see Plan of Action for the Implementation of the Programme for Coordination and Assistance 

for Security and Development 

PCC see Primeiro Comando da Capital 

PCT see Parti congolais du travail 

PDF see Popular Defence Force 

PDK see Party of Democratic Kampuchea 

PDW see personal defence weapons 

peace agreements 2009 225, 2010 312 

Peace Monitoring Group (PMG), Bougainville 2003 302 

peace monuments, weapons collection 2002 288, 2002 310 

peace process, disarmament 2002 292–3, 2003 277–316 

peace-building, weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 279, 2002 285–97, 2002 311 

Peacebuilding Commission 2009 231 

peacekeeping operations 

attacks by Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 276 


DDR and weapons reduction programmes 2002 286, 2003 290–308, 2005 277, 2005 280 

deaths of personnel 2002 187–8 

deteriorating security 2001 226–9 

diversion from, Burundi 2007 85–6 

effectiveness 2009 224 

Georgia 2003 209, 2003 210 

illegal sales of weapons by 2006 255 

International Tracing Instrument 2006 99, 2006 100, 2006 108, 2006 111 

international transfers 2009 9, 2009 37–9, 2009 78 

mandate for 2003 295–6 

post-conflict security and development 2005 276 


weapons lost by 2005 320 

peak procurement (Pp) 2006 9–11, 2006 12, 2006 13–27 

Pecos, diversion of weapons to Liberia 2008 117, 2008 121, 2008 146 

peer pressure, Papua New Guinea 2006 182 

Pelican Bay prison 2010 162 

penalties 

cost/benefit of illicit possession 2006 154–5 

disarming ex-combatants 2002 306 



Phase I 2002 287 

People Against Gangsterism and Drugs (South Africa) 2007 183 

People’s Armed Police (PAP) (China), stockpiles 2006 42 

People’s Army for the Restoration of Democracy (Armée Populaire pour la Restauration de la 

République et la Démocratie), arms depots 2010 322 

People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen 2003 170, 2003 175 

end-user certificates 2008 128, 2008 158 

People’s Liberation Army (PLA) (China), stockpiles 2002 76, 2002 94–5, 2006 49 

223

People’s War doctrine, military stockpiles 2002 74, 2002 76–7, 2002 95, 2004 60, 2006 45, 2006 

47–50, 2006 52 

Pepper, John V. 2006 143 

pepper spray 2004 223 

perestroika, Georgia 2003 192 

Pernambuco state (Brazil), firearm homicides 2007 241 

personal defence weapons (PDW), technological developments 2003 22 

personal security, transfers, civilian weapons 2003 102–3 

Peru 

conflict deaths 2005 240, 2005 242–3, 2005 246–7 



diversion 


weapons to Colombia 2008 113, 2008 120, 2008 123, 2008 126, 2008 134, 2008 136 


gangs, rehabilitation 2010 222 

illicit transfers from, to Colombia 2001 187, 2004 130, 2005 163, 2006 222 

illicit weapons 2006 83, 2006 84, 2006 86 




prices 

consumer taste 2002 70 



prison rebellions 2010 166–7 

production 




state sponsorship of militias 2010 117 

stockpiles 2004 51, 2004 53 



Peshawar District, Pakistan 2004 195 

peshmerga, membership 2010 118–19 

Petrie, Carol V. 2006 143 

PFLP see Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine 

PG-7 warhead, identifying marks 2009 118 

PGAGs see pro-government armed groups 

Phase I weapons collection 2002 286–7, 2002 288–91 

Phase II weapons collection 2002 286, 2002 292–7 

Philadelphia (United States), municipal armed violence reduction programmes 2007 185 

Philippines 

armed groups 2002 98–9, 2006 253, 2010 319 


crime 2007 145 

224

DDR programmes 2005 284–5, 2009 185 



exports 






from Libya 2001 170 


imports 

1994–1998 2001 156 






from the United States 2001 154, 2002 86, 2003 107, 2004 121 

value 2002 2005 106, 2005 108 

value 2003 2006 74 






policing 2004 225, 2004 226 


production 



illicit craft production 2001 46, 2003 9, 2003 33–5 

licensed 2002 51, 2007 15, 2007 18 





reform measures 2004 67 

small arms seizures 2002 138, 2002 139 


civilian holdings 2001 86, 2002 79, 2002 80, 2003 34–5, 2007 47–8, 2007 145 


insurgents 2002 98–9 


security 2004 55, 2004 56, 2004 63 

urban violence 2007 144–59 


Phnom Penh (Cambodia), weapons collection 2002 296 

225

Physicians for Human Rights 2005 242 

PIAT rocket launcher 2008 25 

pilots, air cargo companies 2001 115 

Pima (Bulgaria) 2003 44 

pipe guns, South Africa 2001 46 

‘pipette’ method, illicit imports into Brazil 2006 84 

piracy, effects of small arms misuse 2003 142 

pistols 



Colombia 2006 218, 2006 222, 2006 223, 2006 225, 2006 231 

crime 

in Latin America 2002 175 


customs code 2009 10 

Ecuador 2004 24 

exports 

Comtrade data 1994–1998 2001 146, 2001 147 


customs data 1999 2002 113, 2002 114, 2002 115 


major exporters 2003 2006 68–73 

trade decline 2003 102–3 

trends 1995-1999 2002 147 

from the United States 2001 54, 2001 155, 2004 121 

Georgia 2003 203–4 

imports 

customs data 1999 2002 113, 2002 114, 2002 115 


to Guatemala 2003 115 

major importers 2003 2006 75–8 


to the United States 2003 105–6 



most popular small arms products 2001 18, 2001 21 

production 

Argentina 2004 20 

Austria 2001 31 

Brazil 2004 22, 2007 94–7 


global production 2001 13 

Glock 2002 30 



most popular military weapons 2004 27–8, 2004 34 

most popular small arms 2004 8 


226

United States 2001 26, 2001 27, 2002 27, 2002 29, 2003 17, 2003 18 


South Africa 2001 21 


stockpiles 

military 2006 37, 2006 53, 2006 54–6 

police firearms 2001 69, 2001 70 


transfers 

2000–2006 2009 12, 2009 14, 2009 20–2 

2006 2009 28–30, 2009 39–43 

undocumented 2009 31, 2009 43 

United States 2004 13, 2004 14, 2004 119, 2004 120 

PK machine gun, Burundi 2007 204 

PKK see Kurdistan Workers’ Party 

PKM light machine gun 2006 283 


PLA see People’s Liberation Army 

Plan of Action for the Implementation of the Programme for Coordination and Assistance for Security 

and Development (PCASED) 2001 259, 2001 260 

plastic baton rounds (PBRs) 2004 223, 2004 234–5, 2005 16 

PLO see Palestine Liberation Organisation 

PMCs see private military companies 

PMG see Peace Monitoring Group 

PMPAs see armed parties and political movements 

PNDR see Programme national de désarmement et de reinsertion 

PNG see Papua New Guinea 

poaching 



POF see Pakistan Ordnance Factories 

Pointe Noire (Republic of the Congo), stockpiles 2003 259, 2003 261 

Poland 

border seizures 2005 115, 2005 116 

brokering 2002 254–5, 2004 154, 2004 155, 2004 157, 2004 159, 2004 160, 2004 161 

diversion, weapons from Latvia to Somalia 2008 120, 2008 124, 2008 158 


exports 


government information on 2003 98 

human rights 2004 129, 2004 130 



military firearms 2001 147, 2002 116, 2009 35 





227


imports 



value 2002 2005 106, 2005 108 

value 2003 2006 77 



production 

licensed 2007 15, 2007 17, 2007 21 







Spike ATGW production agreement 2008 20 

stockpiles 

civilian 2003 65, 2003 68 



theft of MANPADS 2008 53 

polarization, demand for small arms 2006 143 

police firearms 2010 114 

diversion, South Africa 2008 193–5 

Latin American production 2004 17 

manufacturing sectors 2005 45–6, 2005 51, 2005 57 

technology 2003 21, 2003 25 

Police Mobile Brigade (Brimbo) (Indonesia) 2007 78 

Police nationale du Burundi 2007 207 

police stockpiles 2006 39–43 

Africa 2003 80, 2003 81 

ammunition, diversions 2007 289–90, 2007 301–11 


Brazil, diversions from 2007 303–11 

by country 2006 40–1 



China 2002 95, 2005 81 

Colombia 2006 219–20 

data on 2007 42–3 

Denmark 2002 88 

diversions from 2002 137–8, 2006 39, 2006 83, 2006 255 


Georgia 2003 196, 2005 171–2 

Haiti 2005 163–4 

loss of weapons 2006 39–40 


228

Tajikistan 2005 170 

East Africa 2003 84 



global distribution 2001 4, 2002 103 

global estimates 2001 59, 2001 68–71, 2001 88, 2002 103, 2005 78, 2006 37, 2006 42, 2007 43 



Iraq 2004 49 

Japan 2005 82 



methodology 2001 65 




Nepal 2002 79, 2002 102 

North Korea 2005 83 

Northeast Asia 2005 79–80, 2005 84, 2005 85 

old weapons 2004 57 

Pacific 2003 89, 2004 284, 2004 287–90 



South Africa, destruction programmes 2007 65 

South Asia 2002 101–2 

South Korea 2005 83 


stockpile security 2004 43, 2004 54–60 


United Kingdom 2001 68 



policing 2004 2, 2004 4, 2004 213–47 


armed protection for humanitarian operations 2002 191 

Brazil, seizures of illicit weapons 2006 84 



capacity building, Albania 2002 299 

Central African Republic 2005 307, 2005 311, 2005 312, 2005 323–4 

China 2005 80–1 

community links 2004 227–9 



Great Lakes and Horn of Africa regions 2001 262–3 

implementation of OAS Model Regulations 2001 256 


controls on firepower 2005 185 

229

corruption 2004 196, 2004 233, 2006 148, 2006 151 

crime in Africa 2004 194, 2004 195 

crowd control 2004 233–5 


effectiveness, weapons prices 2007 266, 2007 281, 2007 282 


Haiti 2007 174 

India, urban political armed violence 2007 175 

Japan 2007 184 


misuse of guns 2006 130–3 



non-lethal weapons 2003 25 

number of police officers by regions 2006 42 


political manipulation 2004 232–4 

post-conflict 2004 240–1, 2005 276 

privatization of security 2001 219–20 

rising lethality of civilian holdings 2007 64 

security sector reform (SSR) 2003 153, 2005 276, 2006 133–5 

seizures of illicit arms 2001 22–4 

China 2002 96–7 


Southern Africa 2003 237 

training 2004 224–7 


urban violence 2007 169, 2007 179, 2007 180, 2007 186 

municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 180, 2007 181, 2007 182, 2007 183–4 

political 2007 174, 2007 175 

risk of being caught 2007 167 

use of automatic rifles 2005 183 

use of firearms, 2006 UN Review Conference 2007 124 


vulnerable persons 2004 235–7 


Policske Strojirny (Czech Republic) 2003 41 

policy 


NGOs 2002 242 

Policzer, Pablo 2006 248 

Polisario Front (Western Sahara), arms depots 2010 322 

political identity, demand for small arms 2006 149, 2006 150, 2006 152–3 

political parties, illicit transfers to non-state actors 2007 133 

political reintegration, Aceh 2009 262–3 

Political Terror Scale (PTS) 2004 127 


political violence 

230

post-conflict 2009 228, 2009 229 

urban 2007 161, 2007 173–5 

political–military parties, Afghanistan 2009 290–1 

politics 


art 2005 147–9 

conflict deaths 2005 229, 2005 233–5 


disarmament 2003 287, 2003 290–1, 2003 294, 2003 296–8 



militarization, Georgia 2003 205 

peace processes 2003 290–1, 2003 294, 2003 296–8 

police 2004 232–4 

urban armed violence 2007 161, 2007 173–5 

pollution, ammunition 2005 16–17, 2005 29 

Poly Technologies (China) 2007 82, 2007 85 

light weapons ammunition 2010 32 

polygamy, Papua New Guinea 2006 179, 2006 180 

PolyTechnologies (China) 

stockpiles 2002 95, 2002 96 


Pool region (Republic of the Congo) 2003 268–9 

Popov, Pavel 2008 117 

popular culture, young men and small arms 2006 307–10 

Popular Defence Force (PDF) (South Sudan) 2007 331, 2007 332 

Popular Front for the Liberation of Azawad (FPLA) 2005 165 

Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), guided light weapons holdings 2008 32 

Popular Movement of Azawad (MPLA) 2005 165–6, 2005 187 

population growth 

rural and urban 2007 163 

Yemen 2003 172 

Port Arthur (Tasmania), weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 267, 2002 283 

Port Harcourt (Nigeria), urban violence 2007 167 

Port Moresby (Papua New Guinea) 2006 167–9, 2006 172–4, 2006 175 

Port-au-Prince (Haiti), urban political armed violence 2007 173–4 

portability, as light weapons definition 2008 9 

Portugal 







exports 



human rights 2004 129, 2004 130, 2004 132 

231




national reporting 2001 155, 2002 120 


pistols and revolvers 2001 147 





value 2000 2003 103 


value 2002 2005 104 

value 2003 2006 71 




imports 



value 2000 2003 103 


value 2002 2005 108 

value 2003 2006 77 


policing 2004 216–17 


production 


licensed 2002 51, 2007 15 





stockpiles 




transportation, licensing 2010 53 


possessions approach 2003 262–5 

estimating militia holdings in the Republic of the Congo 2003 258–9 

post-conflict situations 

armed violence 2009 221–30 

Aceh 2009 253–4 


Burundi 2007 197–221 

Cambodia 2006 119–37 

232

conflict deaths 2005 232, 2005 252, 2005 255–6 

crime, weapons collection 2002 295–7 

DDR and weapons reduction 2002 285–97, 2003 277–316, 2005 267–93, 2006 264 

death and injury rates 2002 163 



disabilities 2002 165 

disarmament linked to development 2002 297–303 

distinguishing from conflict 2005 269–71 

economy 2002 174, 2002 175 


Georgia 2003 202, 2003 207–10 


homicide and suicide rates 2001 211 

household surveys 2009 317, 2009 323–30 

insecurity 2002 171–3 

KLA in Kosovo 2005 221 

NGOs 2002 243 


price of weapons 2007 258, 2007 264, 2007 267, 2007 271, 2007 281, 2007 282, 2007 283 

reconstruction 2009 270–1 

reintegration, Aceh 2009 249–78 


return to conflict 2002 174–6, 2009 231 


security promotion 2009 219–20, 2009 233–41 

interim stabilization 2009 220, 2009 233, 2009 234–7 

second-generation 2009 220, 2009 233, 2009 237–41 

short and long-term gain-seeking groups 2005 199 

social capital 2003 147 


Uganda 2006 287–8 

urban armed violence 2007 173, 2007 179–81 


zones 1994–2004 2005 271 

post-conflict weapons collection 

record-keeping 2009 122–8 


post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 2002 166–7 

children 2009 199 

Southern Lebanon 2009 327 

postal guards, Georgia 2003 196 

Poste de securité publique (PSP), holdings 2003 260 

Pouligny, Béatrice 2009 181 

poverty 

Brazil 2007 228, 2007 234, 2007 235, 2007 238–40, 2007 245 

crime, Papua New Guinea 2006 178 


233

effects of small arms misuse 2001 232–3, 2003 137, 2003 148 


homicide 2003 138, 2003 157 



West African armed groups 2006 252, 2006 265 

young men and small arms 2006 298–300, 2006 303–4, 2006 305–6 

power, young men and small arms 2006 301, 2006 305 

Powers SeaCure Satellite System 2008 132 

Pp see peak procurement 

PPP see purchasing power parity 

PRA see participatory rural or urban appraisal 

practical disarmament, definition 2002 282 

pre-fragmented bullets 2005 16 

pre-registration guns 2003 70–1 

predatory states, armed groups 2006 250 

preferences 

demand for small arms 2006 144–5, 2006 147–8, 2006 158 

prices of assault rifles 2007 262 

prices 

AK-47 assault rifles 2001 17, 2002 66–7, 2003 86 

Albania 2002 68–9 

consumer taste 2002 70 

demand for small arms 2006 144–5, 2006 147–8, 2006 149, 2006 150, 2006 153–4 

fuelled by weapons collection programmes 2002 306 

Georgia 2003 199, 2003 200–1, 2003 204 

global production 2001 14 

global stockpile growth 2003 62 

global transfers 2001 145 


Kalashnikov rifles 2007 257–72 

legal weapons 2002 67 

M16 rifle 2002 66, 2002 67 


Palestine 2002 90–1, 2003 78 



stockpile indicator 2002 65–70 


Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC) gang (São Paulo) 2010 157, 2010 170–2, 2010 177 

Primex Technologies (United States) 






armed violence 2010 172–7 

Brazil 2010 167–72 

234


characteristics of 2010 159–60 

consolidation, propagation, and projection of power 2010 159, 2010 167–72 

definitions 2010 90–1 

firearms 2010 172–4 

militant groups 2010 165–7 

policy implications 2010 175–6 

racial groups 2010 160–1 

South Africa 2010 162–4 

United States 2010 157, 2010 160–2 

prison guards, Papua New Guinea 2006 41, 2006 43 

prisoners, police executions 2004 230–2 

prisoners of war, Geneva Conventions 2002 179 

privacy 2004 12 

private firearms see civilian holdings 

private military companies (PMCs) 

brokers 2001 101, 2001 109–10 

illicit transfers to non-state actors 2007 133 

private security 2001 219–20 

private security companies (PSCs) 2001 219–20, 2004 196–8 






hired by development programmes 2003 149 

illicit transfers to non-state actors 2007 133 




Uganda 2006 288 


privatization 

arms brokers 2001 97, 2001 98 

European producers 2001 31 

Poland 2001 37 

production patterns 2001 12 

of security 2001 219–20, 2004 174, 2004 196–8, 2004 199 

Pró Legítima Defesa 2004 70–1 

pro-government armed groups (PGAGs) 2010 94–5, 2010 255–72 

see also armed groups 

changing role 2010 269–72 

identifying 2010 260 

impact on civilians 2010 268–9 

political goals 2010 263–7 

relationship to government 2010 261–2, 2010 269–72 

roles 2010 262–7 

security role 2010 267, 2010 269 

235

pro-government militias, West Africa 2006 249, 2006 250, 2006 252, 2006 255 

pro-gun lobby 



problem behaviour theory, armed violence 2008 248 

process evaluation, weapons collection 2002 312 

procurement see public procurement 

procurement peaks 2006 9–11, 2006 12, 2006 13–27 

procurement rate 2006 13–16, 2006 17–18 

production 2001 7–53, 2002 9–57, 2003 9–51, 2004 7–41, 2005 39–64 

see also craft production; licensed production; state-owned producers 

ammunition 2005 10, 2005 13–17, 2005 30–1 

central and eastern Europe 2003 38 


Armenia 2003 47–8 

art 2005 154–5 

Belarus 2003 48 


Brazil, illicit craft production 2003 29 

brokers 2001 97–8, 2001 99, 2001 102, 2001 108 

Bulgaria 2003 43–7 

bundles of characteristics 2005 42–3 



Chile 2003 28–9 

China 2002 22–3 

codes of conduct 2002 182–3 

Colombia 2005 161–2, 2006 216, 2006 217–21, 2006 222–3 

concentration and consolidation 2003 15 


African initiatives 2001 266 

Euro-Atlantic region 2001 273 

firepower 2005 184–5 




West African Moratorium 2001 260–1 

Croatia 2003 44–5 

Czech Republic 2003 39–41 

data on civilian holdings 2007 52 

data on numbers 2001 60–5 

Estonia 2003 48 

export dependency 2004 118–25, 2004 134 

exporters 2001 145–55 


Ghana 2003 29 

global 2001 9–17, 2002 9–10, 2003 13, 2003 16–17, 2003 100 

global distribution 2001 9–11, 2002 12, 2003 11–12 

236

global ranking of countries 2001 15–17 

Hungary 2003 41–2 

illegal, China 2002 96 



linkages between 2005 41 

major producers 2002 22–9 

MANPADS 2004 77, 2004 78, 2004 81–3 


marking and tracing 2002 244, 2002 245, 2006 106–7, 2006 108 

medium producers 2002 30–40 





numbers of companies worldwide 2002 9–10 

Pacific 2003 35–6, 2004 303 




popular products 2001 18–24 

restructuring 2002 12–13 

Romania 2003 45–6 

Russian Federation 2002 23–7, 2002 26, 2003 19–20, 2004 14–16 

sectors 2005 41, 2005 43–62 

Serbia and Montenegro 2003 46–7 

significant production 2003 13–15 

Slovakia, survey 2003 42–3 

Slovenia 2003 46 


stockpile estimates 2001 65 


supply-side controls and human rights 2001 223 

trends 2001 11–12, 2003 13–15 

Turkey, illicit craft production 2003 31–2 

types 2001 9 

Ukraine 2003 48–9 


United States 2003 16–18, 2004 10–14, 2004 67 

unlicensed 2007 7–8, 2007 14–32 

of weapons used in crime, in Brazil 2001 22–4 

production processes, manufacturing sectors 2005 42, 2005 45–6, 2005 47, 2005 49, 2005 52, 2005 

53–4, 2005 57–8 

productivity 

Colombia 2006 229–30 

costs of small arms violence 2003 133, 2006 189, 2006 191, 2006 193, 2006 196, 2006 197, 2006 

199, 2006 203, 2006 205–7 


237

firearms injuries 2003 129 


Productos Mendoza (Mexico) 2001 27, 2004 25 

profiting from war, disarmament 2003 300–1 

Programme H (Rio de Janeiro) 2006 315 

Programme national de désarmement et de reinsertion (PNDR) (Central African Republic) 2005 

325–7 

prohibited weapons 2010 316 

Project Ploughshares, Armed Conflict Report 2005 238–9, 2005 241, 2005 242, 2005 244, 2005 

245–6, 2005 247 

Project Safe Neighborhoods (PSN) (United States) 2008 287–8 

Project for Violence Prevention (Chicago, United States) 2006 316 

proliferation 

Georgia 2003 205–10 


Promexport (Russia) 2003 110 

propaganda, conflict deaths 2005 233–4 

propellant chemicals, trade 2010 8, 2010 20–1 

property damage, Southern Lebanon 2009 326 

property-related disputes, post-conflict 2009 228, 2009 230 

proportionality, policing 2004 218–19, 2004 225 

prosecutions, illicit brokering 2004 162–6 

protection, humanitarian operations, definition 2002 190 

protection costs 


logging in Cambodia 2006 133 

protection rackets, Georgia 2003 210 

protocols, norms 2003 216–17, 2003 223, 2003 225, 2003 237–46 

Proyecto SAFE (San Antonio Family Enhancement) 2010 242 

Prvi Partizan (Serbia and Montenegro) 2003 47 

PS Povzbroj (Slovakia) 2003 43 

PSCs see private security companies 

PSP see Poste de securité publique 

psychological effects 2002 166–7, 2003 131, 2006 191, 2006 195 

psychosocial trauma, children and youth 2009 198–9 

PT Pindad (Indonesia) 2001 43, 2002 45 


PTSD see post-traumatic stress disorder 

PUA see participatory rural or urban appraisal 

public awareness 

municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 180, 2007 181, 2007 185–8 


NGOs and control 2002 242 

norms 2003 232 

weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 282–3, 2002 284, 2002 297, 2002 

299–300, 2002 307–10, 2002 312–13 

Yemen 2003 185–6 

public good, security sector reform 2003 153 

238

public health 2001 214–18 

costs of small arms violence 2003 133, 2006 195–6, 2006 207–8 



public health approach 

domestic violence 2008 25 

four-step process 2008 225 

interventions 2008 277–9, 2008 287–8, 2008 298–9 

violence prevention 2008 211–12, 2008 223–8, 2008 236–40 

public opinion 

NGOs 2002 242 


public order, demand for small arms 2006 148 

public procurement 

ammunition 

estimating 2010 18–20 



public security, disarmament 2003 309, 2003 312 

public services 



public space, fragmentation of 2007 176–8 

public transparency 2004 114 

PUK see Patriotic Union of Kurdistan 

pump-action shotguns, Papua New Guinea 2006 175, 2006 176, 2006 177 

purchasing power parity (PPP) 2006 190 

Putin, Vladimir, Chechnya 2002 90 

Pyrkal see Greek Powder and Cartridge Company 

Qadhafi, Muammar 2001 103, 2001 120–3 

Qatar 

illicit transfers from, to Sudanese Government 2001 174 



stockpiles 

military 2005 86, 2005 88 


Qaybali code (Yemen) 2003 169 

Quaker United Nations Office (QUNO) 2006 144 

quality of life 

costs of small arms violence 2006 191, 2006 196, 2006 197, 2006 199 

post-conflict, Southern Lebanon 2009 327 

survey of gunshot victims 2001 217–18 

Quik-Shok 2005 16 

QUNO see Quaker United Nations Office 

QW-1/QW-2 2004 82, 2004 84 

239

R1 assault rifle 2002 48 



R4 assault rifle 2002 48, 2007 27 

Burundi 2007 86, 2007 204 




race, violence risk factor 2008 259 

RadioPribor (Ukraine) 2003 49 

Rafael (Israel), ammunition production 2010 31 

Rainsy, Sam 2006 122, 2006 123 

Ramadan, Yaya 2005 309 

RAMSI see Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands 

Ranariddh, Prince Norodom 2006 120–1 

rape 


conflict 2005 193, 2005 196 


Papua New Guinea 2006 170, 2006 172, 2006 174–5 

Uganda 2006 288 


Rashaida Free Lions 2007 320 

Rautenbach, Billy 2001 109 

Raven Arms 2001 24 

Raytheon Company (United States) 2005 59, 2005 60 

Raytheon-Lockheed Martin 2004 27, 2004 82 

RCAF see Royal Cambodian Armed Forces 

RCSS see Regional Centre for Strategic Studies 

re-export 


licensing requirements 2009 82–5 


Read, Lucian 2007 145–59 

Real IRA (RIRA) 




rebel groups 

see also guerrillas; insurgents 

Burundi 2007 197–8, 2007 199–203 

Central and South Asia, transfers to 2003 111–12 



disarmament, political commitment 2003 296–8 


South-East Asia 2006 253 

West Africa 2006 249, 2006 250, 2006 252, 2006 254–5 

240

ecirculation of small arms 

low black-market prices 2002 68 

West African armed groups 2006 247, 2006 253–6, 2006 258, 2006 261 

recoilless rifles and guns 2004 33 

ammunition, transfers 2010 10, 2010 27–8 



types 2008 23 

reconciliation, weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 279, 2002 306, 2003 311–12 

reconstruction and development 2005 276, 2005 277 

record-keeping 

see also reporting 


marking 2002 244–8, 2002 246 



post-conflict weapons collection 2009 122–8 

transportation 2010 53 



weapons tracing 2009 109, 2009 120–1, 2009 130 

recruitment, militias in the Republic of the Congo 2003 263–4 

Red Sky missile 2008 18 

refugee camps 

militarization of 2001 224, 2001 227, 2005 274 

policing of, West Africa 2006 259 


violence in 2009 202 

refugees 2002 167, 2005 231, 2005 273 

see also internally displaced persons 

Burundian 2007 200–1 


indicators of humanitarian impacts 2002 160 


Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands (RAMSI) 2004 299–300, 2005 282–3, 2006 155, 

2006 157 

Regional Centre for Strategic Studies (RCSS) (Sri Lanka) 2001 143 

regional control measures 2001 252–76 

ammunition 2005 23–4, 2005 28–9 



UN Programme of Action 2002 209, 2002 225–6 

regional law, norms 2003 218 

regional organizations, UN Small Arms Conference (2001) 2002 209–10 

regions 

average number of police officers 2006 42 

brokering 2004 147, 2004 148–51 

intra-regional trade 2003 101, 2003 102, 2003 199 

241

military stockpiles 2006 52, 2006 58 


norms 2003 236–7 

registration of brokers 2002 253, 2004 147, 2004 149, 2004 159, 2004 161 

registration of firearms 2004 66–71 

active-universal or passive-partial 2004 43, 2004 68 



Canada 2002 86, 2004 62, 2004 68–9 

civilian holdings 2007 39, 2007 49–53, 2007 55–6 

Colombia 2006 217, 2006 219–20 


European civilian firearms 2003 70–2 


Germany 2007 51–2 


Latin America 2004 52, 2004 69–71 



stolen firearms 2004 60, 2004 62 




US Army inventory control 2002 260–1 


regulation see control measures 

Reicher, Stephen 2006 303–4 

reintegration of former combatants 2003 310 

see also disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration 

abuse of system 2009 295–6 

Aceh 2009 249–51, 2009 256–78 


compensation 2009 268–9 

discontent 2009 269 

economic reintegration 2009 264–6, 2009 270 


international models 2009 254–6 

maximalist approach 2009 269–76 




targeting 2009 266–8 

relief operations 

deteriorating security 2001 226 

humanitarian impacts 2002 158, 2002 159 

religion 

see also Christianity; Islam 


242

Brazil 2007 228, 2007 233, 2007 236, 2007 245, 2007 246 

conflict resolution 2003 312 


reloading 2005 15–16 

Remington Arms Co. (United States) 2004 13–14, 2005 54 


ranked by weapons type 2002 29 


weapons used in crime in US 2001 24 

RENAMO see Resistência Nacional Moçambicana 

Reno, William 2006 250 

rent-seeking, demand for small arms 2006 143 

rental businesses 



Kenya 2003 86 

repairers 

guerrillas in Colombia 2006 223 


manufacturing sectors 2005 43–4, 2005 45, 2005 46–9 

repairs, international transfers 2009 9 

repeating weapons, Yemen 2003 173 

replacement, military procurement 2006 9–11 

replica weapons 





reporting 

arms embargoes 2004 267 

brokering 2004 160, 2004 161 

exports 2002 117–23, 2003 98–102, 2006 68–73, 2006 78–82 


legal trade, 2002 update 2002 112 



monitoring 2004 249–50, 2004 254–8 

national, data on legal transfers 2001 143 


Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2006 65, 2006 80–2, 2006 88 

stockpile estimates 2003 58 

transfers 2006 66–7, 2009 26–8, 2009 52–3 


Republic of the Congo (RoC) (formerly Congo-Brazzaville) 

see also Congo-Brazzaville 


DDR and weapons reduction 2002 281, 2002 300–3, 2003 255–73, 2003 279, 2005 290, 2005 

291, 2009 184 

243



to UNITA 2001 118–19 




stockpiles, insurgent 2002 82, 2003 82 

weapons collection 2009 124, 2009 125, 2009 240 


Republic of Me’ekamui (Bougainville), disarmament 2003 303 

research 

accessibility thesis 2004 182 






NGOs 2002 243 

research & development 2003 23–5 

reserve militaries 2006 45 


military stockpiles 2006 47–50, 2006 51–2, 2006 56, 2006 220 


Réserve ministérielle (Republic of the Congo) 2003 256 

reserve stockpiles 2001 71–2 

government armed forces 2001 71 

insurgent 2001 80 


US military 2002 85 

reserves, exaggeration 2008 85–6 

resilience factors 

armed violence 2008 229–30, 2008 245–6 


violent behaviour 2008 256 

resistance, young men and small arms 2006 302, 2006 306–7 

resistance councils (Uganda) 2007 185 

Resistência Nacional Moçambicana (RENAMO) (Mozambique) 2001 64, 2002 129, 2002 294 

weapons diverted to 2008 196 

resource development 

demand for small arms 2006 144–5, 2006 149, 2006 150 


resources 

see also natural resources 

disarmament 2003 301, 2003 306–8 

urbanization and crime 2007 164 

Yemen 2003 172 

responsibility 2004 65, 2004 66–71 

restricted-use ammunition, Brazil 2007 303–5 

244

evenge, tribal violence in Yemen 2003 184 

revenue collection, effects of small arms misuse 2003 131, 2003 144–5 

reverse engineering, unauthorized production 2007 23 

Review Conference see United Nations (UN), Programme of Action, Review Conference 

Revolutionary Alliance for the Liberation of Azawad (ARLA) 2005 165 

Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) see Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia 

Revolutionary People’s Army (Philippines), illicit transfers to 2001 183 

Revolutionary United Front (RUF) (Sierra Leone) 


captured weapons 2006 255 



DDR and weapons reduction 2002 289–90, 2003 81, 2003 297, 2003 307–8, 2005 278 

forced recruitment of women 2002 171 


illicit transfers to 2001 171–3, 2004 132 

arms embargo 2002 133 

arms supply networks 2001 116, 2001 119–23 





revolutionary warfare, People’s War militaries 2006 47 

revolvers 


Colombia 2006 218, 2006 231 

crime in Latin America 2002 175 


exports 


Comtrade data on 2001 146 

customs data 1999 2002 113, 2002 114, 2002 115 

trends 1995–1999 2002 147 


value 2003 2006 68–73 

Georgia 2003 203–4 

imports 

customs data 1999 2002 113, 2002 114, 2002 115 

to Guatemala 2003 115 



value 2003 2006 75–8 


most popular small arms products 2001 18 


police firearms, Belgium 2001 69, 2001 70 

production 

Argentina 2004 20, 2004 21 

245

Brazil 2004 22, 2007 94–7 


estimated global production by volume 1980–2000 2001 13 



most popular small arms 2004 8 

United States 2001 26, 2001 27, 2002 27, 2002 29, 2003 17, 2003 18, 2004 13, 2004 14, 

2004 119, 2004 120 

seizures in Brazil 2001 23 


transfers 

1995–1999 2002 147 

2006 2009 28–30, 2009 39–43 

Comtrade data 2000–2006 2009 12, 2009 14, 2009 20–2 



undocumented 2009 31, 2009 43 

used in crime in the US 2001 23 

Rexio (Argentina) 2001 28 

Rey-Bellet, Corinne 2007 54 

Reyes, Camilo 2002 218, 2002 219, 2002 220 

RFDG see Movement of the Democratic Forces of Guinea 

RH-Alan (Croatia) 2001 19, 2001 37, 2003 45 

Rheinmetall DeTec (Germany) 

acquisitions 1996–2000 2002 12, 2002 39 



most popular machine guns 2001 19, 2001 20 


Richmond (Virginia, United States), homicide rate 2007 165 

Rifle Factory (India), licensed production 2007 18 

rifles 

see also assault rifles; Kalashnikov rifles; sniper rifles 

.50 calibre 2005 51, 2005 52, 2005 53 


ammunition 2005 12, 2005 16 

civilian ownership, patterns of 2007 63–4 

Colombia 2006 225, 2006 226 

crime in Africa 2002 175 

data on numbers 2001 60, 2001 62 

exports 



Georgia 2003 203–4 

government armed forces 2001 71 

imported into the United States 1991–1996 2001 27 



246




prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 257–72 

production 



licensed 2007 8, 2007 18, 2007 20, 2007 21–3 




2004 119, 2004 120 

unlicensed 2007 8, 2007 20, 2007 22–3 

Republic of the Congo, militia holdings 2003 267–8 



sporting, transfers of 2003 102–3 

technological developments 2003 22, 2003 23–4 




used in crime in US 2001 24 

Yemen 2003 173–4 

Right-to-Carry (RTC) laws see carrying licences 

Rindel, Fred 2002 140 

Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) 2005 195 

ammunition, diversions 2007 289–90, 2007 301–11, 2008 45, 2008 46, 2008 52 




gangs 



gender and firearms-related mortality 2001 213 

municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 182–3 

prison gangs 2010 157, 2010 167–70, 2010 177 

seizures of illicit weapons 2006 84, 2007 182–3 

urban violence 2007 163, 2007 182–3 


young men and violence 2006 306, 2006 313–14 

Rio Grande do Sul state (Brazil), firearm homicides 2007 241 

Rio-São Paulo Extended Metropolitan Region (Brazil) 2007 169 

risk 

armed violence 2008 229–30, 2008 238, 2008 245–6, 2008 262–3, 2008 282 

behaviour problems 2008 254 


domestic violence 2008 260–1 

ecological model 2008 250–1 

247

gang violence 2008 261–2, 2008 270 

identifying 2008 249–53 

important factors 2008 257–9 

interventions 2008 264–9 

targets of 2008 268, 2008 269 

top ten strategies 2008 268 

types 2008 267, 2008 268 

life stages 2008 252 

pathways model 2008 251–3 

post-conflict societies 2009 230–2 


security management 2002 190 

triggers 2008 256 

violence prevention 2008 264 

violent behaviour 2008 253–63 


youth violence 2008 252–3, 2008 255–6, 2008 258–9, 2008 262 

risk-taking, young men and small arms 2006 303 

rites of passage, young men and small arms 2006 302, 2006 303 

Rivers State (Nigeria), DDR programmes 2006 263 

roadblocks 



Robar Companies Inc. (United States) 2005 52 

robbery 

Cambodia 2006 127–30 



Roberts, John, II 2007 94 

RoC see Republic of the Congo 

rocket launchers 





types 2008 25–6 

rocket-propelled grenade launchers (RPGs) 


conflict use 2005 182, 2005 183, 2005 184–5 

exporters 2006 72 






producers of 2008 25–6 

production 2004 8, 2004 34, 2004 35–7, 2004 46 


248


types 2008 25–6 

warheads 2008 25 

rockets 

light weapons, transfers 2010 10, 2010 27–8 

possessed by Hizbollah 2009 322 


Rodriguez, Camilo Reyes 2002 212 

Romania 



brokering 2004 153, 2004 155, 2004 156, 2004 158, 2004 161 



destruction programmes, surplus weapons 2008 96, 2008 97 

disarmament 2009 163, 2009 179 

diversion of arms to Colombia 2008 122 








exports 





military firearms 2001 147, 2009 36 



trends 2000 2003 110 



value 2002 2005 100, 2005 104 


to Angola 2002 132, 2002 134 

to Georgia 2005 172 

to Iraq 2002 132 

illicit transfers to, border seizures 2005 115, 2005 116 


military stockpiles, destruction programmes 2007 65 



production 



249

licensed 2007 15, 2007 19 





RPG-7 2004 36, 2004 37 

survey of producers 2001 35, 2001 53, 2002 57, 2003 38, 2003 39, 2003 45–6 

unlicensed 2007 17, 2007 21 

Romarm (Romania) 2003 45–6, 2005 56 

Romtechnica (Romania), exports 2003 110 

Rosoboronexport (Russian Federation) 2002 123, 2003 110–11 


Rossi (Brazil) 2001 21, 2001 23 

hunting rifles 2009 47 

Rosvooruzhenie (Russia) 2003 110 

Rowe, Sylvester 2007 118 

Royal Cambodian Armed Forces (RCAF) 2006 121–2 

logging industry 2006 133 

misuse of guns 2006 130 

security sector reform (SSR) 2006 134–5 

stockpiles 2006 125, 2006 126 

Royal Canadian Cartridge and Munitions Corp. (Canada) 2001 27 

Royal Canadian Mounted Police 2004 57 

Royal Ordnance (RO) (United Kingdom) 2001 33 


company profile 2000 2002 12, 2002 39–40 


Heckler & Koch 2002 48–9 

joint ventures with Brazilian producers 2001 29–30, 2004 22 



Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary (RPNGC), diversion of arms and ammunition 2008 48–9 

Royal Small Arms Factory (RSAF) 2002 48–9 

Royal Thai Army, production 2001 44 

royalties, licensed production 2002 43 

RPD light machine gun 2004 31, 2004 34 

Burundi, disarmament 2007 204 

RPG-7 rocket-propelled grenade launcher 2004 8, 2004 34, 2004 35–7, 2004 49, 2005 184–5, 2008 

25–6 


identifying marks 2009 118 


RPG-18/22 shoulder-fired rocket launcher 2002 71, 2002 88 

RPG-75 shoulder-fired rocket launcher 2002 71 

RPGs see rocket-propelled grenade launchers 

RPK machine gun 2001 20, 2001 21 



250

RPK-74 2004 31 

RPNGC see Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary 

RPO-A ‘Shmel’, Republic of the Congo 2003 262 

RTG-7 2002 71 

RUAG Ammotec (Switzerland/Germany) 2003 15, 2005 13 

RUAG Suisse Group (Switzerland) 2001 33, 2002 39, 2003 15 

rubber baton rounds 2005 16, 2005 53 

rubber bullets 2002 165, 2004 221–3 

RUF see Revolutionary United Front 

Ruger Mini-14 2010 114 

Ruger Mp-9 sub-machine gun, Burundi 2007 204 

Rugova, Ibrahim 2005 216, 2005 217, 2005 218 

rules of engagement, peace operations 2003 296 

Rumsfeld, Donald, Afghanistan 2003 112 

Ruprah, Sanjivan 2008 117, 2008 135 

rural areas 

armed violence, comparison with urban areas 2007 164 

Brazil 2007 165–6, 2007 228–52 




population 2007 163 

Russian Federation 

see also Soviet Union 









destruction programmes 2002 74, 2004 58, 2004 60 










exports 

to Africa 2001 170, 2003 118 

ammunition 2006 67, 2009 15, 2009 16 


Comtrade data 2009 8, 2009 10, 2009 12, 2009 27 

Cyprus 2004 108 

251

data on 2002 123 

human rights 2004 128, 2004 129, 2004 130, 2004 131, 2004 133 

to India 2003 112 


2007 106, 2007 107 


MANPADS 2002 116, 2004 87 





producer dependence on 2004 121–2 



small-calibre cartridges and parts 2010 23, 2010 24 



trends 2000 2003 108, 2003 110–11 




value 2002 2005 97, 2005 98, 2005 100, 2005 101, 2005 104 

value 2003 2006 65, 2006 68, 2006 72 


gangs 



Georgia 2003 192–5, 2003 202, 2003 206 


to Afghanistan 2004 128, 2004 322, 2004 323 

to Angola 2002 132, 2004 129 

to Armenia 2001 180 

to Chechnya 2001 178–9 

to Georgia 2001 180, 2003 191 

to Iraq 2002 132 



to Nagornho-Karabakh 2002 133 


to Sierra Leone 2002 132 


imports 2004 109, 2005 103, 2005 106, 2005 108, 2006 68, 2006 77 

human rights 2004 128, 2004 132 





MANPADS 

252

attacks 2004 90 

control of 2004 92–3, 2004 94, 2005 130–6 

designations 2004 79 


stockpiles 2004 83, 2004 84 


military stockpile, diversion 2008 57–8 



production 


ammunition 2002 26, 2003 20 

for armed forces 2002 23–6 

assault rifles 2004 28 

by value 2001 14, 2003 16, 2003 19–20 

by volume 2001 12, 2003 13, 2003 16, 2003 19–20 

company profiles 2000 2002 23–7, 2002 55 


grenade launchers 2004 32 

licensed 

India 2007 9, 2007 11 

Kalashnikov rifles 2007 9 

Libya 2007 11 

technology owners 2007 15, 2007 16, 2007 17, 2007 19–20 

Venezuela 2007 10–11 


major ammunition producers 2001 15 

MANPADS 2004 81, 2004 82 


mergers of state-owned companies 2003 9 

most important companies 2002 20, 2002 21, 2003 14–15 



RPG-7 2004 35–7 


survey of producers 2001 30, 2001 33–4, 2001 53, 2002 57, 2003 19–20, 2004 10–11, 2004 

14–16 

trends 2004 8 

unlicensed 2007 19–20, 2007 22, 2007 24 

Rwandan genocide 2001 207 


Chechnya 2002 90 





Georgia 2003 198–9 

MANPADS 2004 83, 2004 84 

253

military 2006 56, 2006 57 


losses from 2001 178, 2006 38 


stockpile security 2004 54–5, 2004 103 



weapons tracing 2009 121 

Rwanda 

ammunition availability 2005 19–20 

children without parents 2009 200 

conflict 





conflict goods 2002 140–1, 2002 142 

genocide 2001 204–5, 2001 206–7 


internally displaced persons 2001 225, 2002 168, 2002 196 

militarization of refugee camps 2001 224, 2001 227 




death among UN staff 2002 187 

end-use certificates, illicit 2008 158–9 

exports, Democratic Republic of the Congo 2001 108, 2004 130, 2005 319 


to the Democratic Republic of the Congo 2004 130, 2005 319 

to UNITA in Angola 2001 118–19 


arms embargoes 2002 132, 2004 265 

human rights 2004 128, 2004 132 

imports, irresponsible transfers to 2007 105 

Ingando process 2009 233, 2009 236 



political violence 2009 229 





War Tribunals 2002 177 

Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) 2001 207, 2007 135 

SA-7 MANPADS 2004 83, 2006 283 

designations 2004 79 

destruction of 2008 100 

254

effectiveness 2004 80 

information 2004 86 

Mombasa attack (2002) 2004 77, 2004 87–8, 2008 12 

production of 2008 17 

specifications and manufacture 2004 82 


transfers of 2004 87–8, 2004 90 

SA-14 MANPADS 2004 82, 2004 90 

SA-16 Igla MANPADS 2004 83 


illicit transfers of 2004 89 

specifications and manufacture 2004 82 


transfers of 2002 116, 2004 87 

SA-18 MANPADS 2004 82, 2004 84, 2004 87, 2004 90, 2004 92–3 

SA-80 assault rifle 2001 33 

Heckler & Koch licensed production 2002 49, 2002 50 

reliability 2003 21 


Saab Bofors 2004 35, 2004 82 


Saarland, law enforcement stockpiles 2006 40 

Saco Defense (United States) 2001 26, 2003 15 



most popular machine guns 2001 19–21 


SAD see European Union (EU), Single Administrative Document 

SADC see Southern African Development Community 

SAF see Sudan Armed Forces 

SAF sub-machine gun 2004 23 

Saf-T-Hammer Corp (United States) 2002 12 

Safe Schools/Healthy Students Initiative (United States) 2010 240 

Safer Community strategies 2009 240 

Safer Port Moresby 2006 169 

Saferworld 2001 262–3, 2002 262 

safety 

humanitarian operations, definition 2002 190 


safety features 


Smith & Wesson 2002 28–9 

safety and security measures 

civil aviation 2010 61–2 


safety training, Yemen 2003 185–6 

Saiga hunting rifle, intellectual property rights 2007 24 

Saint Kitts and Nevis 

255



St. Louis (United States), Consent-to-Search programme 2006 311–12, 2007 181, 2008 283 

Saint Lucia 



St Petersburg Declaration (1868) 2002 179 

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 



Sako Ltd (Finland) 2002 12, 2002 37 

Sakr Factory for Developed Industry (Egypt) 2005 60 

Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (GSCP) (Algeria), guided light weapons holdings 2008 32 

Saleh, Ali Abdullah 2003 79 

sales, international arms transfers 2009 9 

SALIGRAD see Assessing Small Arms Issues and Developing Capacity for Peace in the Horn of 

Africa 

Salih, President Ali Abdullah 2003 170–1 

al-Sallal, Colonel Abdullah 2003 170 

Salopek, Paul 2004 127 

Samoa 

see also American Samoa 





stockpiles 2003 89, 2004 284 


San Antonio (Texas), gang treatment projects 2010 242 

San Salvador (El Salvador), gang violence 2010 141 

SANDF see South African National Defence Force 

Sandline International 2001 104, 2001 109, 2001 110, 2001 121 

Sankoh, Foday 2001 120–3 

Santa Barbara (Spain) 2004 7 





Santorini 2002 91, 2002 93 

Santos, Ambassador Carlos dos 2002 207 

São Paulo (Brazil) 





São Tomé and Príncipe, destruction programmes, MANPADS 2008 101 

SAPS see South African Police Service; Structural Adjustment Programmes 

SAR 21 rifle 2003 22 

256

SAR 80 assault rifle 2001 63 

Sarajevo, market massacre (1994) 2008 12 

Sarawis 2005 308, 2005 312 

Sark, tax havens and brokers 2001 105 

Sarsilmaz (Turkey) 2005 56 

SASP see Small Arms Serialization Program 

Sassou-Nguesso, Dennis 2003 256–8, 2003 260–2, 2003 264–5, 2003 267 

satellite towns, definition 2007 169 

satellite tracking, transfer control 2008 132 

Satgas Papua (West Papua) 2002 98 

Saudi Arabia 

control measures, MANPADS 2004 90 


human rights 2004 128, 2004 133 



illicit transfers from 2007 105, 2007 106 


imports 



from the European Union 2003 104 


list of exporters 2005 102, 2005 104, 2005 105, 2006 68, 2006 69 









value 2002 2005 97, 2005 98, 2005 106, 2005 108 

value 2003 2006 67, 2006 74, 2006 77 



support for 2002 130 


production 


licensed 2002 51, 2002 52–3, 2007 15 



stockpiles 




stockpile security 2004 55, 2004 102 

257

Yemen 2003 170, 2003 175 

Savage Arms (United States) 2001 27, 2002 28, 2005 54 

Save the Children Fund, child soldiers 2002 171 

Savimbi, Jonas 2003 297, 2005 191–2, 2005 285 

elections 2003 304–5 

illicit transfers to UNITA 2001 173 

savings, effects of small arms misuse 2003 131, 2003 144–5 

Schmidl, Erwin A. 2003 292 

Schmidt & Bender (Austria) 2005 59 

schools 

attacks on 2009 203–4 

attacks within 2009 204–5 


shooting incidents 2008 265–6 

violence mapping 2008 216 

Schweizerische Industrie-Gesellschaft (SIG) (Switzerland) 2001 33, 2001 38 

see also SIG 

Scientific and Technical Department (DPTC) (Rio de Janeiro) 2007 302 

scope mounts 2005 49 

Scotland, law enforcement stockpiles 2006 41 

Scott Report, UK export controls 2002 248 

SCPS see Société centrafricaine de protection et de surveillance 

screening 

Canada 2002 269 


Seattle (United States), weapons collection programmes 2003 280 

Second World War, tonnage of bombs deployed 2008 94 

Second World War stocks 

European civilian holdings 2007 52 

Pacific Islands 2003 35 

US armed forces stocks 2001 73 

second-generation security promotion, post-conflict situations 2009 220, 2009 233, 2009 237–41 

second-hand weapons 

prices as an indicator of stockpiles 2002 65–7 


transfers of, data 2003 101 

sectarian violence, Northern Ireland 2003 284–6 

‘Sector 5’, production 2006 8 

security 

see also insecurity; national security; stockpile security 

aid 2001 233–4 

armed groups 2006 250–1, 2006 252–3, 2006 259 

cultures of violence 2001 205–8 


demand for small arms 2006 142, 2006 145, 2006 148, 2006 149–52 

development programmes, effects of small arms misuse 2002 297–303, 2003 148–9, 2003 150–1 

disarmament and weapons collection 2002 280, 2002 292–5, 2002 304–5, 2002 313, 2003 152, 

2003 294, 2003 309, 2003 312 

258

Mali 2002 288 




government controls, Middle East 2003 79–80 


humanitarian operations 2002 186–92, 2002 190 


investment and revenue collection 2003 144–5 

Iraq, weapons prices 2007 270 

Israel 2003 77–8 


local security arrangements, South Sudan 2007 336–9 

Papua New Guinea 2006 165–6, 2006 179–82, 2006 183–4 

post-conflict 2005 269–71, 2005 276, 2005 279, 2009 219–20, 2009 233–41, 2009 327–9 


privatization of 2001 219–20, 2003 139–40, 2004 196–8, 2004 199, 2007 176–8, 2007 183 

public perceptions of 

community policing 2007 184 

urban violence 2007 175–8, 2007 181, 2007 182 

refugee camps 2001 227 



urban armed violence 2007 175–8, 2007 180, 2007 181, 2007 182 


violence in refugee camps 2002 168–9 

security first approach, Mali 2002 288 

security forces, community groups 2010 267 

security personnel 

humanitarian agencies 2002 191 

misuse of guns by, Cambodia 2006 130–1 

Security Research and Information Centre (SRIC) 2001 262–5, 2001 265 

security sector reform (SSR) 2003 153, 2005 276, 2005 287, 2005 289, 2005 303 

Cambodia 2006 119–20, 2006 133–5, 2006 136 


post-conflict 2005 276, 2005 287, 2005 289, 2005 303 


surplus destruction 2008 104–5 

Uganda 2007 300 


West Africa armed groups 2006 259 

Yemen 2003 186 

Security Threat Groups 2010 162 

see also prison gangs 

sedentary communities 2003 141, 2003 143 

SEESAC see South Eastern and Eastern Europe Clearinghouse for the Control of Small Arms and 

Light Weapons 

segregation 

259



seizures 



Brazil, ammunition 2007 301–2, 2007 304–5 

China 2005 82 

illicit weapons 1999 2001 167 

international illicit trade 2005 113–16 

municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 180, 2007 181, 2007 182 

Philippines 2002 138, 2002 139, 2007 145 

RUF in Sierra Leone 2001 172–3 

South America 2006 83–7 


self-defence 


Burundi 2007 198, 2007 216–17, 2007 221 


crime in Africa 2004 198 



frequency of defensive uses 2004 184 







policing 2004 217–18 



weapons collection 2002 304–5, 2002 308 


self-determination, UN Programme of Action 2002 222 

self-homing applications 2003 25 

self-inflicted injuries, costs of small arms violence 2006 199–200, 2006 201 

self-loading rifles (SLR) 

military procurement, United Kingdom 2006 12 

Nepal 2003 113 


Sellier & Bellot (Czech Republic) 2003 15, 2003 40, 2004 27 

semi-automatic weapons 

civilian ownership 2007 61, 2007 63–4 

criminal ownership 2010 114 

national control of civilian ownership 2002 265, 2002 269 



Sendero Luminoso see Shining Path 

260

Senegal 

armed groups 2002 82, 2006 249, 2006 255, 2006 256, 2006 259 

illicit transfers to the RUF in Sierra Leone 2001 171 

imports 2004 101, 2004 114 

insurgent stockpiles 2003 82 


violence and crime 2004 193, 2004 194, 2004 195, 2004 196, 2004 198 

sentencing, demand for small arms 2006 143, 2006 148 

sentimental value of weapons, Yemen 2003 178 

September 11, 2001 2003 73 

al-Qaeda 2003 73 

illicit craft production in Pakistan 2003 33 

increase in small arms sales 2002 9 

stockpiles 2002 102, 2003 57, 2003 59–62 

SER PAZ (Ecuador), gang reintegration 2010 93–4, 2010 216–21 

Serbia 

see also Serbia and Montenegro 






disarmament and weapons collection 2003 61, 2003 297, 2003 300 

displacement of Albanian Kosovars 2002 168 

exports 

human rights 2004 129, 2004 131 

transparency 2009 8, 2009 49, 2010 8, 2010 15 

illicit transfers from, to Liberia 2004 131, 2005 168 


NATO’s war against 1999, humanitarian agencies 2002 190 


production 







stockpiles 2006 41, 2006 44, 2006 46 




military 


transfers to civilian ownership 2007 61 


Serbia and Montenegro 

see also Montenegro; Serbia 

261

okers 2004 144 




exports 











Kosovo 2005 210, 2005 216–20 


production 2003 38, 2003 46–7, 2004 103 



serial numbers, weapons tracing 2009 111–14, 2009 116–18 

service life, ammunition 2005 17–18 

sexual assault 2002 172 

see also rape 

by women 2010 195 

children 2009 196, 2009 197 

conflict 2001 213 


girl gang members 2010 198–9 

Papua New Guinea 2006 170, 2006 174–5, 2006 184 

South Sudan 2007 329, 2007 330–1 

Uganda 2006 288 

sexual minorities, policing 2004 236 

Seychelles 


irresponsible transfers to Indonesia 2007 101 


Shabaab (Somalia), guided light weapons holdings 2008 33 

Shanti Bahini, illicit transfers to 2002 129, 2002 144 

shantytowns 

see also slums 

urban violence 2007 162, 2007 167–9 


sharp instrument injuries see knife/sharp instrument injuries 

sheikhs, Yemen 2003 183, 2003 185–6 

shelf life, ammunition 2005 17–18, 2005 31 

shells, construction 2005 10–12 

Shevardnadze, President Eduard 2003 191, 2003 202 

262

al-Shibah, Ramzi bin 2003 170 

Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso, SL), prison rebellions 2010 166–7 

ships, use for diversions 2008 115–16 

Shiri, Perence 2001 108 

Shiv Sena (India), urban political armed violence in Mumbai 2007 175 

Shlem missile 2008 18 

‘Shmel’ see RPO-A ‘Shmel’ 

short-term gain-seeking groups 2005 191, 2005 192–5, 2005 198–9 

shotgun shells, transfers 2010 18, 2010 22–3, 2010 25–7, 2010 30 

shotguns 


barrels and cartridges, transfers 2000–2006 2009 12 

Brazil 2007 228, 2007 231 


exports 2006 68–73 

customs data 1999 2002 113, 2002 114, 2002 115 


trends 1995–1999 2002 147 

imports 2006 75–8 




police firearms 2001 69, 2001 70 

production 

Argentina 2004 20, 2004 21 


Italy 2001 32 



2004 119, 2004 120 


transfers of 2003 102–3 




Shoubra Company for Engineering Industries (Egypt) 2002 17 

shoulder-fired rocket launchers, stockpiles 2002 63, 2002 64, 2002 70–3 

SHP see Southern Highlands Province 

Shrem, Marco 2004 141 

SICA see System for Central American Integration 

Sierra Leone 

armed groups 

see also Revolutionary United Front 

Arms for Development programme 2006 264–5 

children in 2001 230, 2001 1229, 2006 251 



looting 2006 253 

263

short-term gain-seeking groups 2005 193, 2005 194 

sources of weapons 2006 254–5 


brokering 2004 152, 2004 164 


Civil Defence Forces 2010 270 

conflict 

child soldiers 2001 229, 2001 230, 2006 251 




deaths 2005 252, 2005 253, 2005 258 




control measures, West African Moratorium 2001 261 


DDR and weapons reduction 2003 307–8, 2006 259–61, 2006 264–5, 2009 185, 2009 187 

assessment of 2005 278, 2005 284 

disposal methods 2002 311 

peace agreements 2003 283–4 


Small Arms Control in the Mano River Union 2004–2005 2005 290 

UNAMSIL and NCDDR 1999–2001 2002 289–90, 2002 302, 2002 311, 2003 279 

UNAMSIL and NCDDR 2001–2002 2002 289–90, 2002 290, 2002 302, 2002 311, 2003 

279, 2003 290, 2003 293, 2005 291 

UNDP Arms for Development 2002–2005 2005 291 

UNOMSIL 1998–1999 2003 293 

diamond trade and brokers 2001 108 

gender relations, effects of small arms misuse 2003 147 


illicit transfers to 2001 170, 2001 171–3 

arms embargoes 2002 132, 2002 133, 2004 112, 2004 268, 2004 269 

arms supply networks 2001 116, 2001 119–23 



imports 

authorized transfers 1999–2002 2004 114 


human rights 2004 128, 2004 132 


from UK 2001 151 



political violence 2010 266 

post-conflict crime 2005 274 



264


production, craft production 2006 255 


sexual assault by women 2010 195 


insurgents 2003 82 



SIG 540 Series assault rifle 2004 23 



licensed production, Chile 2001 30 


production 2001 33 

SIG 550-552 2001 63 

SIG Arms Inc (United States) 2002 39 

SIG Arms (Switzerland) 2001 20, 2001 33, 2002 38–9 

see also Schweizerische Industrie-Gesellschaft 

SIG SAUER SP 2022 pistol 2009 40–2 

SIG-Sauer 9mm P226 Pistol 2002 39 

Sihanouk, King 2002 129, 2006 120 

Sikani, Richard 2006 178 

Simonov SKS assault rifle, Burundi 2007 204 

Singapore 




licensing systems 2009 72, 2009 74, 2009 80–1 


exports 


human rights 2004 129, 2004 130, 2004 131 

irresponsible transfers from 2007 101, 2007 103, 2007 104 




unreported 2009 8 


value 2002 2005 100 

value 2003 2006 68, 2006 72 



imports 






265


production 




licensed 2002 45, 2007 15, 2007 18 


MANPADS 2004 81, 2004 82 






transportation, record-keeping 2010 53 

Singapore Technologies Kinetics (STK) (Singapore) 

Air Bursting Munition 2003 25 

ammunition contracts 2010 29, 2010 31 





Singh, Jasjit 2001 62, 2007 41 

single-parent families 

Brazil 2007 228, 2007 233, 2007 235, 2007 244, 2007 245, 2007 247 


single-shot (bolt-action) rifles, military stockpiles 2006 54, 2006 55, 2006 57 

Sinn Fein, disarmament 2003 284–6, 2006 260 

SISME see System of Security Information Exchange 

SK Jagd-und Sportmunitions (Germany) 2002 12 

SKS automatic rifle 2003 267–8, 2006 55 

Sky Air Cargo Services UK 2001 121, 2001 122, 2001 172 

sky marshals 2004 66 

SL (Sendero Luminoso) see Shining Path 

slang, small arms in popular culture 2006 309–10 

sleeping sickness (trypanosomiasis) 2002 170 

Slovakia 


brokering 2004 154, 2004 155, 2004 156, 2004 157, 2004 160, 2004 161 


diversion, sub-machine guns from Uganda to Liberia 2008 115, 2008 117, 2008 121 


exports 2001 148, 2002 120, 2003 108, 2005 107 

human rights 2004 129, 2004 131 



transparency 2009 49, 2010 13, 2010 15 



266

to the RUF in Sierra Leone 2001 171, 2001 172, 2002 132 


imports 2005 104, 2006 70 



production 


government control 2003 38 





survey of producers 2001 35, 2001 36, 2001 53, 2002 57, 2003 38, 2003 42–3 


Slovenia 


brokering 2004 153, 2004 154, 2004 156, 2004 157, 2004 160, 2004 161 


exports 

irresponsible transfers to India 2007 101 





production 






SLR see self-loading rifles 

slums 

see also shantytowns 

definition of urban areas 2007 169 

São Paulo, Brazil 2007 167 

urban armed violence 2007 162, 2007 167–9, 2007 179–81, 2007 180 


small arms, definitions 2001 8, 2004 8, 2005 40–1, 2009 8–9, 2010 3 

Small Arms and Cartridges Corporation (CAST) (Russian Federation) 2003 15, 2003 19, 2004 15 

Small Arms Conference see United Nations (UN), Conference on the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and 

Light Weapons in all its Aspects 

Small Arms Consultative Group Process (CGP) 2007 129 

transfers to non-state actors 2007 133–5 

Small Arms Factory Group (SAF) (Israel) 2002 123 

small arms and light weapons (SALW) 




267

Small Arms Survey 2001 8, 2002 10, 2003 10, 2004 8, 2005 41 

terrorism 2003 59–60 

UN 2001 251 



Small Arms Serialization Program (SASP) 2007 83–4 

Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 

2004 update 2004 3–4, 2004 99, 2004 115–18, 2004 134 

2005 update 2005 110–13, 2005 117 

2006 update 2006 65, 2006 80–2, 2006 88 

2007 update 2007 73, 2007 74, 2007 87–90 

2008 update 2008 114, 2008 137–42 

2009 update 2009 8, 2009 47–52 

2010 update 2010 8, 2010 13–17 

small-bore repeaters, Yemen 2003 173 

small-calibre ammunition see ammunition 

SME Ordnance (Malaysia) 2001 43 

SME Technologies (Malaysia) 2001 43 

Smith & Wesson (United States) 




lawsuits in the US and introduction of safety features 2002 28–9 

losses 2002 9 



ownership of 2002 12, 2002 28 


revolvers used by gangs in Ecuador 2010 214 

survey of producers 2001 26, 2001 27, 2004 13–14 

weapons used in crime in the US 2001 23, 2001 24 

smuggling 

see also diversions; illicit transfers; trafficking 



ant trade 2002 135 


black-market prices 2002 68 

civilian disarmament 2003 306 



Europe 2003 71–2, 2006 83 

from Former Yugoslavia 2003 111 

Kosovo 2005 215, 2005 219, 2005 221 

Latin America 2003 87, 2003 116–17 

Macedonia/FRY 2003 67 

into Mexico 2003 108 

Palestine 2003 78 

268

Palestinian territories 2002 91, 2002 93–4 

price of Kalashnikov rifles 2007 257 


Southern Africa, destruction programmes 2003 245–6 

sub-Saharan Africa 2003 117, 2003 117–18 

transport by sea 2002 144 



SNC Industrial Technologies (Canada) 2001 27 

sniper rifles 




most popular military weapons 2004 29 

police firearms, Belgium 2001 69, 2001 70 



SNM see Somali National Movement 

social activity, Georgia 2003 206–7 

social bonding theory, armed violence 2008 248 

social capital 






social cohesion, fragmentation of public space 2007 176–8 

social control, Yemen 2003 169–70, 2003 183–5 

social development, disarmament 2003 309 

social dislocation, urban violence 2007 167 

social factors 

conflict use 2005 180–1, 2005 188–99 

disarmament and peace operations 2003 294 

firearm-related deaths, Brazil 2007 228, 2007 233–8, 2007 243–6, 2007 247, 2007 251, 2007 252 



social impact studies, weapons collection programmes 2002 312–14 

social interaction, urban violence 2007 167 

social learning theory, armed violence 2008 248 

social networks, effects of small arms 2001 229 

social reintegration, Aceh 2009 259–62 

social services, effects of small arms misuse 2003 131, 2003 140–1, 2003 144–5 

social violence 

costs of small arms violence 2006 190, 2006 192, 2006 194–5, 2006 200 

developing countries 2003 126–8 

distinction from gun violence 2003 130 



269

social welfare, indicators of humanitarian impacts 2002 159–60 

socialization, young men and small arms 2006 300–1, 2006 301–10 

Société centrafricaine de protection et de surveillance (SCPS) 2005 309, 2005 312 

Society for the Defense of Tradition, Family and Property 2004 70–1 

Society without Violence (El Salvador) 2008 292 

Sofia Statement, end-use assurances 2002 252 

soft law 2003 219–20 

soft-point bullets see expanding bullets 

Soghanalian, Sarkis 2001 101, 2001 103, 2001 187, 2004 165, 2004 166, 2008 135, 2008 136 

soldiers 

see also child soldiers; ex-combatants 

criticism by humanitarian agencies 2002 190 

enforcement of humanitarian law 2002 184 


humanitarian and human rights law 2002 181 

new wars 2002 174–5 

selling arms 2002 137 

sole licences 2007 8 

Solomon Islands 2004 5 


conflict 

availability factors 2005 184, 2005 186 

conflict weapons 2004 289 

illicit arms 2001 184 


DDR and weapons reduction 2003 302–3, 2003 304, 2004 296, 2004 298–300, 2009 185 

monitoring organizations 2003 293 

PMC 2001–2002 peace-building 2003 280, 2005 282–3, 2005 292 

post-conflict 2004 58, 2005 282–3, 2005 292 

demand for small arms 2005 281, 2005 282–3, 2006 148, 2006 153, 2006 155, 2006 156, 2006 

157, 2006 158 

disarmament 2009 163, 2009 166, 2009 174–5 





production, craft production 2003 35–6, 2004 288, 2005 18 

stockpiles 2003 88, 2003 89 


leakage 2004 287, 2004 288 

police 2004 230 

state 2004 284 


transportation of weapons 2005 185 


Somali National Alliance (SNA), guided light weapons holdings 2008 33 

Somali National Movement (SNM) 2009 240 

Somali Transitional Federal Government (TFG) 2007 92–3 

270

Somalia 

ammunition, undocumented transfers 2010 27 

conflict 

attacks on humanitarian operations 2002 192 





violence in South Sudan 2007 317 

DDR and weapons reduction 2003 293, 2003 298–9, 2005 291, 2009 185 

development programmes, effects of misuse of small arms 2003 149 

diversion of weapons from Latvia 2008 120, 2008 123 

illicit transfers from, to Kenya 2001 175 

illicit transfers to 2001 175, 2007 74, 2007 92–4, 2007 97 

arms embargoes 2002 132, 2004 128, 2004 264 


through Yemen 2004 102 

immunization programmes 2002 170 








prices 2002 66, 2002 67, 2002 70 


RPG-7 2004 35 



stockpiles 2004 54, 2006 38 

civilian holdings, correlation to GDP 2007 60 

Somaliland 

community-based disarmament 2009 240 

community-based weapons management 2010 320 


Somaliland Armed Forces, firearms 2010 122 

Son San 2002 129 

South Africa 


Arms and Ammunition Act No.75 (AAA) (1969) 2008 186 

brokering 

arrests 2004 164 

controls 2001 109, 2002 256 



legislation 2004 161 

licensing 2004 154, 2004 155, 2004 156, 2004 157 

271

Central Firearms Registry (CFR) 2008 187 




brokering 2001 109, 2002 256, 2004 154, 2004 155, 2004 156, 2004 157, 2004 161 

civilian ownership 2002 223, 2002 269–70, 2003 239–40, 2006 158 


MANPADS 2005 136, 2005 137 

norms 2003 216–17 

reform measures 2004 67 

UN Programme of Action 2002 210–11, 2002 223, 2002 228 

costs of small arms violence 2001 217, 2006 194, 2006 196, 2006 197, 2006 199 

crime 

cash-in-transit robberies 2008 191–2 

violent 2008 183, 2008 184–5, 2008 187–9 



individual status 2006 152 

personal security 2006 149 

political identity 2006 153 

programmes targeting demand 2006 157 

social and economic security 2006 152 

Department of Correctional Services, firearms 2008 197–8 

destruction programmes, surplus weapons 2008 96, 2008 97 

disarmament 2009 163, 2009 176–7, 2009 179 







exports 





to Colombia 2005 161, 2006 236 


to Haiti 2005 164 

human rights 2004 128, 2004 129, 2004 130 


list of importers 2005 107, 2005 108, 2006 75, 2006 76 



national reporting 2001 151, 2002 120, 2002 121, 2003 98 




272

transparency 2004 117, 2005 112, 2006 78, 2006 81, 2007 74, 2007 87, 2007 89, 2009 50, 


trends 2000 2003 118 

unreported 2009 8, 2009 10, 2009 31 


value 2002 2005 104 

value 2003 2006 72 



firearms 

competency certificates 2008 186, 2008 190 

Department of Correctional Services 2008 197–8 

licences 2008 187 

lost or stolen 2008 188–9, 2008 191–2, 2008 193–5, 2008 196, 2008 198 

private security companies 2008 190–3 

South African National Defence Force (SANDF) 2008 195–7 

South African Police Service (SAPS) 2008 193–5 

use in crime 2008 183, 2008 184–5, 2008 187–8 

Firearms Control Act (FCA) (2000) 2008 183, 2008 186–7, 2008 198, 2009 177 

Firearms Control Bill (FCB) 2008 186 

firearms injuries 2001 214 


gangs 2010 233 

interventions 2010 239 



to Burundi 2007 74, 2007 85–6, 2009 109 

non-state actors 2002 129 



to UNITA in Angola 2001 117, 2002 132, 2005 192 



from China 2002 22 



Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) 2008 196 

Mozambique, weapons collection 2002 295 

National Conventional Arms Control Committee (NCACC) 2009 68 

National Crime Prevention Strategy (NCPS) 2008 185 

National Injury Mortuary Surveillance System (NIMSS) 2008 188 


policing 2004 217, 2004 218, 2004 219, 2004 229 





firearms 2008 190–3 

273



illicit craft production 2001 45–6, 2003 27, 2003 30–1 

licensed 2002 43, 2002 45, 2002 47–8, 2007 15, 2007 27 






Rwandan genocide 2001 207 



civilian holdings 2001 86, 2002 137, 2002 138, 2003 30–1, 2003 83, 2007 47–8, 2007 172 




illicit small arms 2001 21–2 

military 2001 73, 2006 44, 2006 46 


in Mozambique 2001 64 



stockpile lethality 2004 53, 2004 54 






‘truth commission’ 2003 311 



sexual violence 2001 213 

survey of gunshot victims 2001 217–18 

violence in schools 2009 205 

weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 74, 2003 60, 2003 243–4, 2003 279, 2004 

58, 2004 60, 2005 75, 2005 290, 2009 166, 2009 176–7 


South African National Defence Force (SANDF) 2003 243–4, 2007 85–6 


South African Police Service (SAPS) 2003 243 

attacks on 2008 195 


South African Service Corps 2009 233, 2009 235 

South America 

authorized transfers 2003 101, 2003 114, 2003 115 


illicit transfers 2001 184–8, 2006 65, 2006 83–7, 2006 88 


274

production 

distribution of producers 2003 11 


distribution of producing countries 2001 10, 2002 11, 2002 12, 2004 9 


surplus weapons estimates 2008 84–5 

South Asia 

attempt to create regional plan 2002 214–15 

authorized transfers 2003 111–13 

civilian ownership, changing patterns of 2007 63 





production 

illicit 2001 46–7 


stockpiles, 2002 update 2002 99–102 

South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) 2002 216 

South Eastern and Eastern Europe Clearinghouse for the Control of Small Arms and Light Weapons 

(SEESAC) 2004 252, 2008 115–16 

estimates of civilian holdings 2007 53 

South Korea 





exports 

ammunition 2009 15, 2009 16 


human rights 2004 129, 2004 130, 2004 131, 2004 132 


2007 106, 2007 107 








value 2002 2005 105 

value 2003 2006 72 

to Venezuela 2007 81, 2007 107 


imports 




275




from the United States 2004 10–11, 2004 120 


value 2002 2005 97, 2005 98, 2005 106, 2005 108 

value 2003 2006 74, 2006 77 


production 


licensed 2002 45, 2007 15, 2007 21 





stockpiles 2005 83, 2005 85, 2006 57 


South Ossetia 



Georgia 2003 191, 2003 193–4 




South Sudan DDR Commission (SSDDRC) 2007 332–3 

South Sudan Defence Forces (SSDF) 2007 321–4, 2007 342–4, 2010 278–9 

civilian disarmament in Jonglei State 2007 334 

Juba Declaration on Unity and Integration (2006) 2007 319 

Other Armed Groups 2007 326 

South Sudan United Democratic Alliance (SSUDA) 2007 325 

South Yemen see People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen 

South-east Europe, production 2003 38, 2003 43–7 

Southeast Asia 

armed groups 2001 79, 2001 83, 2006 253 

attempt to create regional plan 2002 214–15 

deaths 2004 175, 2004 176, 2004 177, 2004 200 



illicit production 2001 46 


imports 2003 101–2 

value 2000 2003 100 

stockpile security 2004 54–5, 2004 56 


Southern Africa 




276

norms 2003 237–46 

regional control measures 2001 261–2 


Southern Africa Regional Action Programme on Light Arms and Illicit Arms Trafficking (1998) 2001 

261–2, 2002 210 

Southern African Development Community (SADC) 2004 252 


norms 2003 216–17 

Protocol on the Control of Firearms, Ammunition and Other Related Materials (2001) 2005 124, 

2005 125, 2005 126, 2009 62, 2009 63 





regional norms 2003 237–9, 2003 241–6 



UN Small Arms Conference (2001), Programme of Action 2002 211 

Southern African Regional Police Chiefs Co-operation Organization (SARPCCO) 2004 217 

control measures in Southern Africa 2001 262 

regional norms 2003 237, 2003 245–6 


Southern Europe, illicit transfers 2001 176 

Southern Highlands Province (SHP) (Papua New Guinea) 2006 165, 2006 166, 2006 167–78 

Southern Lebanon Armed Violence Assessment 2009 317, 2009 323–33 

death and injury 2009 325 

demographics 2009 326 

gun ownership 2009 329–30, 2009 331–2 

methodology 2009 324–5 

political party and militia support 2009 326–7 

post-traumatic stress 2009 327 

property damage 2009 326 

security perceptions 2009 327–9, 2009 331 

Southern Sudan 

armed tribal groups 2010 285–8 

civil wars 2010 278–80 

Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) 2010 277, 2010 279–80, 2010 292–6 

ethnicity 2010 281 

governance 2010 281–2 

Joint Integrated Units 2010 280, 2010 289–90 

Lord’s Resistance Army 2010 288–9 

oil fields 2010 295–6 

referendum on self-determination (2011) 2010 277, 2010 278, 2010 292–3, 2010 296–7 

security outlook 2010 292–6 

Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA) 2010 291–2 

sovereignty see national sovereignty 

Soviet Union 

see also Commonwealth of Independent States; Russian Federation 

277

eak-up of 

communal warfare 2001 78 

surplus arms 2001 97 


exports 

ammunition, to Uganda 2007 293, 2007 297 

to Yemen 2003 175 

Georgia 2003 192–5 



to Central American non-state actors 2002 129 

Cold War grey market 2001 168–9 


MANPADS 2004 79, 2004 81, 2008 16–17 


prices of Kalashnikov rifles 2007 258, 2007 261, 2007 264, 2007 268–9, 2007 281, 2007 282 


production 

licensed 2007 11–12, 2007 17, 2007 19–20, 2007 21–2 

MANPADS 2004 81, 2007 21 

unlicensed 2007 7, 2007 21–2, 2007 24 

RPG-7 2004 35 

shoulder-fired rocket launchers 2002 70–1 

stockpiles 


Georgia 2003 198–9 


stockpile security 2002 137, 2004 54–5 

surplus weapons 2001 97 


Spain 









exports 






Cyprus 2004 108 

human rights 2004 128, 2004 129, 2004 130, 2004 131, 2004 132 

irresponsible transfers from 2007 81, 2007 98, 2007 99, 2007 100, 2007 102, 2007 103, 2007 

278

104, 2007 105, 2007 106, 2007 107 




national reporting 2001 155, 2002 120, 2002 121, 2002 122, 2003 98 







transparency 2004 117, 2005 112, 2006 81, 2007 88, 2009 49, 2010 13, 2010 15 


value 2000 2003 103 


value 2002 2005 105 

value 2003 2006 72 

to Venezuela 2007 81, 2007 107 



imports 










value 2000 2003 103 


value 2002 2005 108 

value 2003 2006 77 




production 

export to the United States 1991–1996 2001 27 


of illicit weapons seized in Brazil 2001 22 

licensed 2002 51, 2007 15 







279


stockpiles 

civilian holdings 2001 203, 2001 239, 2003 64, 2003 68, 2007 47–8 



insurgents 2002 88, 2002 89, 2003 72 






SPARCS (Soldier Parachute Aerial Reconnaissance Camera System) 2010 31, 2010 33 

Special Disarmament Brigades (BED) (Nicaragua) 2002 292–4 

specialist munitions, UK police 2004 222 

specialist production sector 2005 45, 2005 51–3, 2005 63 

specialization 

processes 2003 20–3 


Spergel Model, gang treatment 2010 244 

SPG-9 73 mm recoilless gun 2006 283–4 

Spike ATGW 2008 19, 2008 20 

production and sales 2008 28–30 

SPLA see Sudan People’s Liberation Army 

SPLM/A see Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army 

sporting firearms 

see also hunting weapons 

Africa, stockpiles 2003 83 

Beretta 2001 32 



rifles 

exports from Brazil to the United States 2007 95–6 

transfers 2002 113–14, 2003 105, 2006 68–73, 2006 75–8, 2009 12 

shotguns, transfers 2003 105, 2009 12, 2009 14, 2009 17–20 

transfers 2002 124, 2002 125, 2003 102–3, 2003 109 

2006 2009 8, 2009 28–30, 2009 43–7 

Comtrade data 2000–2006 2009 12, 2009 14, 2009 17–20 


types of 2009 43–4 

spousal notification, civilian ownership 2002 265 

Springfield Armory (United States) 2005 56 

squad fire support weapons 2004 31 

squatter communities, urban violence 2007 167–9 

Sri Lanka 

see also Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam 

ammunition 



280

conflict 

child soldiers 2001 229, 2001 230 






diversion, weapons from China 2008 121 

exports 



illicit transfers to 2001 176, 2001 182–3 

from Cambodian military stockpiles 2002 258 

from non-state actors 2002 129 


imports 2003 112, 2005 106 





new wars 2002 175 

non-state actors, light weapons holdings 2008 15, 2008 33 




production, manufacturing sectors 2005 47 





UN Small Arms Conference, terrorism 2002 228 

violence 2008 218 

SRIC see Security Research and Information Centre 

Srpska Garda (Serbian Guard), firearms 2010 122 

SSA see sub-Saharan Africa 

SSDDRC see South Sudan DDR Commission 

SSDF see South Sudan Defence Forces 

SSR see security sector reform 

SSUDA see South Sudan United Democratic Alliance 

stability 



Yemen 2003 182–3 

Stability Pact for South-Eastern Europe 2002 252, 2002 260 

Star (Spain) 2001 32, 2002 37–8 

Starburst 2004 82, 2004 84 

Starstreak 2004 82, 2004 84, 2004 87 

state armed forces 

281

acting as armed groups, West Africa 2006 259 

air forces 



Algeria, human rights violations 2007 77 


Brazil, diversions from 2007 289–90, 2007 301–11 

budgets, conflict goods 2002 140–1 

Cambodia 2002 296, 2006 130–5 

enforcement of humanitarian law 2002 184 


India 2002 100–1 

Indonesia, Aceh conflict 2007 78 

military doctrines 2006 45–52 

procurement 2006 7–30 


Sudan 2007 320–1 

Uganda, diversions from 2007 289–301, 2007 311 

state arsenals 

see also military stockpiles 


diversions from 

Brazil 2007 310–11 

Uganda 2007 297–8 

state collapse 2003 146 

peace process disarmament 2003 291 

State Factories (Russian Federation) 2001 20 

State Military Scientific and Technical Centre (Georgia) 2003 48 

state officials, misuse of guns by, Cambodia 2006 130–1 

State Scientific and Technical Centre of Artillery and Rifle Arms (Ukraine) 2003 49 

State Specialized Scientific Association (Fort) (Ukraine) 2003 48–9 

state-armed groups 2005 186–7 

definitions of armed conflict 2005 231–2 

factors in the use of weapons in armed conflict 2005 181 

group goals 2005 194, 2005 197 

state-led violence, post-conflict 2009 228, 2009 229 

state-owned producers 2006 217–19 


Belgium 2001 31 



China 2001 45, 2002 22–3 


Egypt 2001 38–9 

France 2001 32, 2002 32–3 

Greece 2001 38 

Hungary 2001 37 


282

Indonesia 2001 43 

licensed production 2001 29 


Myanmar 2001 43 

Nigeria 2001 41 

Pakistan 2001 43 

Poland 2001 37 

Russian Federation 2001 33, 2002 24–6 

Singapore 2001 44 

Spain 2001 32 

Switzerland 2001 33 

state-to-state transfers 

controls, UN Firearms Protocol 2002 239–40 


US military firearms to foreign governments 2002 86 

states 

see also governments 



NGOs and control 2002 242–3 

norms 2003 220–1 

stockpiles 2006 37–60, 2006 46–7 

transfers 

human rights laws 2002 180 


West African armed groups 2006 248–50, 2006 255 

states of emergency, policing 2004 220 

status 


young men and small arms 2006 301, 2006 302, 2006 303–4, 2006 306, 2006 315 

Statute of the International Court of Justice, norms 2003 217–18 

Steinhäuser, Robert 2003 57 

Stepputat, Finn 2003 305–6 

Sterling Armament Company (United Kingdom) 2001 18–19, 2001 20, 2002 39 

Sterling SMG 2001 18–19, 2001 20 

Steyr-Mannlicher (Austria) 

acquisitions 1994 2002 12 






most popular assault rifles, AUG 2001 20 


‘Steyrgate’ incident 2008 16 

StG-58 rifle 2002 30 

Stgw 57 automatic rifle 2006 55 

Stgw 90 automatic rifle 2006 55 

283

Stinger missiles 2004 83, 2004 85, 2004 86, 2004 87, 2004 89, 2004 92, 2008 17, 2008 18 

diversion to Afghanistan 2008 119, 2008 120, 2008 125 


Stinger Project Group (SPG) 2004 81, 2004 82, 2004 92, 2005 59 

STK see Singapore Technologies Kinetics 

Sto Ravne (Slovenia) 2003 46 

Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) 2001 170, 2002 10 

Stockholm process 2004 270 

stockpile management 2005 29–30, 2005 72–6, 2006 37 


armed groups 2006 257, 2010 322–4 

Cambodia 2006 119, 2006 134 



measures 2002 258–61 


OSCE Document on Small Arms and Light Weapons 2001 275 




US Army 2002 259, 2002 260–1 

West Africa 2006 247, 2006 259, 2006 266 

stockpile security 2004 54–65, 2004 86–90, 2005 186, 2005 284, 2006 37 

ammunition diversions 2007 289–312 

brokering 2004 143–4, 2004 145 


Iraq 2007 81–3 

irresponsible transfers 2007 73, 2007 81–6 



MANPADS 2004 78, 2004 84, 2004 90 

measures 2002 258–61 


South African peacekeepers in Burundi 2007 85–6 


stockpiles 2001 59–90, 2002 63–104, 2003 57–91, 2003 77–8, 2004 43–75, 2005 71–92 

see also civilian holdings; insurgent holdings; military stockpiles; national stockpiles; police 

stockpiles; stockpile management; stockpile security; surplus weapons 


Africa 2003 80–6 


al-Qaeda 2003 73–6 

Albania and the KLA 2005 218–19 

ammunition 2005 11, 2005 17–18, 2005 29–30, 2010 14 


attrition rates 2001 76–7, 2007 43 

availability factors in conflict 2005 185–6 

Cambodia 2006 119, 2006 124–5, 2006 134 

284



China 2002 94–7, 2003 86 

Colombia 2006 219–21 

control 2002 236 


disarmament initiatives 2005 72–6 

distribution 2001 65–8, 2001 88, 2002 74–83, 2002 103 

diversions from 2008 43–7, 2008 158 


Brazil 2007 289–90, 2007 301–11 

Uganda 2007 289–301, 2007 311 

effect of legal transfers 2001 141, 2001 159 

estimating inventories 2005 76–8 


Europe 2003 62–72 

Georgia 2003 191–2, 2003 196–205 

global estimates 2001 88, 2001 89, 2002 63–4, 2002 73, 2007 39–41 

history of research 2007 40–1 

India 2002 100–1 

Iraq 2004 43, 2004 44–50, 2005 72, 2005 73 

Israel 2003 77–8 


Latin America 2003 87–91, 2003 116, 2004 50–4 

lethality, evaluating weapons collection programmes 2002 315 


liquidity, evaluating weapons collection programmes 2002 314 

Macedonia 2003 289 

MANPADS 2004 77, 2004 83–4 


Middle East 2002 90–4, 2003 77–80 



non-state actors 2006 146 

Pacific 2003 88–9, 2004 277, 2004 280–5 

Pakistan, 2002 update 2002 100–1 

Palestine 2003 77–8 

peace process disarmament 2003 288 


prices as an indicator 2002 65–70 

registration 2004 66–71 

Republic of the Congo 2003 255, 2003 258–69 

militias 2003 258–69 

South Asia 2002 99–102 

state 2006 37–60 



types 2008 44–5 

285



Yemen 2002 91–2, 2003 169, 2003 172–7 

Stokes mortar 2008 26 

storage 

ammunition 2005 21, 2005 29–30 

firearms theft 2004 65 




police firearms 2004 229–30 

Republic of the Congo, militia holdings 2003 266–7 

stockpile management 2002 259, 2004 43 

thefts from 2008 48–51, 2008 53–4 

Yemen 2003 185–6 

straw purchasing, illegal sales of weapons 2008 62–3, 2008 284–6 

street gangs see gangs 

stress, urbanization and crime 2007 164 

Strike Hard campaigns (China) 2003 86 

Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs), Rwanda 2001 207 

Sturm, Ruger & Co (United States) 





most popular handguns 2001 18 


survey of producers 2001 26, 2001 27, 2004 13–14 

weapons used in crime in the US 2001 24 

Sturmgewehr 57 rifles 2007 54 

Sturmgewehr 90 rifles 2007 54 

sub-licensing 2007 19 

sub-machine guns 


Colombia 2006 223, 2006 225, 2006 231 

military stockpiles 2006 54, 2006 55, 2006 57 

most popular small arms 2001 18–19, 2001 20 

police firearms 2001 69–70 

production 2004 27, 2004 30–1, 2005 51 


global 2001 13 



smuggling in Europe 2003 71 



sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) 

average number of police officers 2006 42 

286

conflict deaths 2004 175, 2005 253–5, 2005 256, 2005 259 

control measures, Bamako Declaration (2000) (OAU) 2002 213–14 

crime and violence 2004 192–9 

illicit transfers, insurgent demand 2001 83 


production 2001 40–2, 2002 11, 2002 12, 2004 9, 2004 10 

distribution of producing companies 2002 12, 2003 12, 2003 14 

distribution of producing countries 2003 11 

licensed 2002 43–8, 2007 23 


unlicensed production 2007 23 

stockpiles 2003 57, 2003 80–6 

civilian holdings, correlation to GDP 2007 57 

military 2006 52, 2006 53, 2006 58 

sub-state warfare 2001 78 

transfers 2003 100, 2003 117–19 

subregional co-operation, Southern Africa 2003 245–6 

substitution effect 2004 186–90, 2005 271, 2005 272 


cost effectiveness of control measures 2006 198 

suburbs, definition 2007 169 

Sudan 

see also Darfur; Southern Sudan 

armed groups 2010 95–6 


civil war 2010 277–80 

coercive disarmament 2009 167 

community security mechanisms 2009 233, 2009 238 

conflict 

armed violence in South Sudan 2007 317–44 


civil war 2007 326 


conflict deaths 2005 252, 2005 253, 2005 258 





DDR and weapons destruction 2005 284, 2005 289, 2009 185, 2009 237 



elections (2010) 2010 294 



to the Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 274, 2006 275, 2006 276, 2006 282–4, 2006 286–7, 

2006 289 

reporting errors 2006 66 

illicit transfers to 2001 173–5, 2004 133 

287

arms embargo on 2007 74 

arms embargoes 2002 133 

imports 

human rights 2004 132, 2004 133 

irresponsible transfers to 2007 74, 2007 106 



value 2002 2005 106 

value 2003 2006 74, 2006 77 

machine gun attack (2007) 2008 12 

MANPADS 



mortar attack on Darfur (2007) 2008 27 






oil fields 2010 295–6 



production 









support for non-state actors 2002 130 

transfers to Central African Republic 2005 317 


Sudan Armed Forces (SAF) 

areas of operations 2007 322 


Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) 2007 331 

DDR 2007 332 

Other Armed Groups 2007 320, 2007 321–4, 2007 326, 2007 337, 2007 342–4 

Southern Sudan 2010 278 

Sudan Liberation Movement-Unity (SLM-Unity), weapon-related commitments 2010 317 

Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA) 2006 275, 2006 282, 2010 291–2 


ethnic divisions 2010 278–80 




288

membership 2010 121 

personal forces/’private armies’ 2010 292 

relations with state 2010 117 

women members 2010 195 

Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A) 

areas of operations 2007 322 


Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) 2007 318–20, 2007 331–3 

disarming civilians in Jonglei State 2007 333–6 



Juba Declaration on Unity and Integration (2006) 2007 319 

Khartoum-aligned militias 2007 321–2 

local security arrangements 2007 336, 2007 338 

Other Armed Groups 2007 320, 2007 324–6, 2007 340–2 

Ugandan support for 2007 299 


Sudanese Liberation Army, covert transfers to 2007 92 

Suez Canal, Yemen 2003 175 

Suhler Jagd-und Sportwaffen (Germany) 2002 12, 2002 30–1 

suicide see firearm suicides 

suicide bombers, women 2010 195 

suicide bombings 2003 77–8 

Yemen 2003 170 

Al-Sunna Wal Jamma (Nigeria) 2006 249 

Sunni Awakening Councils (Iraq) 2009 233, 2009 236 

supply 

intrinsic costs 2007 267–9 

prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 257, 2007 262–9, 2007 271 

surface-to-air missiles see man-portable air defence systems 

Suriname 2006 83 



to Brazil 2007 306 



surplus weapons 2004 56–60 

ammunition, UN General Assembly First committee 2007 126 

Belarus 2008 79 


Cambodia, flow to other countries 2002 99 





disposal choices 2008 78–81 

estimating 2008 83–5 


289


illicit transfers of 

arms brokers 2001 97–8 


international transfers 2009 9, 2009 68–9 

Kaliningrad 2008 79 

military procurement 2006 7–8, 2006 19, 2006 25–6 

military stockpiles 2006 39, 2006 53, 2006 59, 2006 60 


reserve exaggeration 2008 85–6 

and security sector reform (SSR) 2008 104–5 

Serbia 2008 80 

sold to civilians in the United States 2003 61 


Soviet Union, transfers to Georgia 2003 198–9 

transfer 2008 79, 2008 81 


Yemen 2003 172–7 

survey questionnaires, violence risk factors 2008 249 

sustainable development 2003 127, 2003 128 

sustainable disarmament 2003 309–13 

Swarovski Optik 2005 58 

Swaziland 

air cargo companies 2001 114, 2001 115 





imports, customs data 2001 157 

Sweden 


border seizures 2005 114, 2005 115, 2005 116 

brokering 2004 156, 2004 158, 2004 159, 2004 160, 2004 161 

controls 2002 255, 2002 256 


brokering 2002 255, 2002 256 





exceptions 2009 78–9 





exports 

ammunition 2009 15, 2009 16 


290




human rights 2004 130, 2004 132 




national reporting 2001 151, 2002 120, 2002 121, 2003 98 




value 2000 2003 103 


value 2002 2005 105 

value 2003 2006 72 


imports 


value 2000 2003 103 


value 2002 2005 108 

value 2003 2006 77 


Next-generation Light Anti-tank Weapon (NLAW) 2008 26 


production 


licensed 2002 45, 2002 51, 2007 15, 2007 18, 2007 21 


MANPADS 2004 81, 2004 82, 2007 21 





stockpiles 






military 2001 73, 2006 44, 2006 45, 2006 51 


transportation, customs regulations 2010 57 

Swiss Ammunition Enterprise (Switzerland) 2001 32–3, 2002 21, 2002 39 

Swiss Ordnance Enterprise (Switzerland) 2001 33, 2002 39 

Switzerland 


brokering 2004 153, 2004 154, 2004 156, 2004 157, 2004 160, 2004 161 

291

controls 2001 107, 2002 255, 2002 256 


brokering 2001 107, 2002 255, 2002 256 




tracing initiatives 2002 226, 2006 96, 2006 97 



diversion of arms to Iraq 2008 122 







re-export provisions 2009 83–4 


exports 

ammunition 2006 67, 2009 14, 2009 15 





human rights 2004 128, 2004 129, 2004 131, 2004 132, 2004 133 


2007 106 


78 

military firearms 2001 147, 2002 115, 2002 116, 2009 35 




pistols and revolvers 2001 146, 2001 147, 2002 114 


transparency 2004 117, 2005 112, 2006 81, 2007 88, 2009 8, 2009 49, 2010 8, 2010 13, 2010 

15 

trends 2000 2003 108, 2003 111 


value 2003 2006 73 


1998 2001 240 




imports 

ammunition 2009 16, 2009 17 

Comtrade data 2001 156 

292


list of exporters 2005 102, 2005 103, 2005 104, 2006 68, 2006 70, 2006 71, 2006 73 




trends 2000 2003 111 



value 2002 2005 108 

value 2003 2006 77 


production 


licensed 2002 51, 2007 15 


MANPADS 2004 81, 2004 82 




RPG-7 2004 36 

survey of producers 2001 32–3, 2001 53, 2002 38–9, 2002 57 


stockpiles 

civilian holdings 2001 203, 2001 239, 2002 79, 2003 65, 2007 47–8, 2007 53, 2007 54–5 



military 2002 78, 2004 46, 2006 43, 2006 44, 2006 51, 2006 53 



transportation, licensing 2010 53 

Zug massacre 2002 266 

Swords for Ploughshares (Mozambique) 2002 294 

Sydney (Australia), thefts of M-72 LAW rocket launchers 2008 49, 2008 51 

symbolism 

trigger effect 2001 205 


Syria 


to Lebanon 2007 91–2, 2009 322 


imports, MANPADS 2004 93 

non-state actors, illicit transfers to Palestinian groups 2002 131 

Palestinian groups, reserve stockpiles 2001 80 


production 




293


military 2005 86, 2005 88 


support for non-state actors 2001 80, 2002 130, 2002 131 

System for Central American Integration (SICA) 2001 257 

System of Security Information Exchange (SISME) (MERCOSUR) 2001 258 

Taban Deng Gai 2010 292 

Tabuk rifle 2002 18 

tactical rifles 2005 51 

tactical weapon systems 2005 49, 2005 50, 2005 51 

tailored production 2003 9 

Taiwan 

exports 




imports 



from United States 2001 154, 2002 86 


value 2002 2005 106 


production 







stockpiles 2005 84, 2005 85 



Tajikistan 


arms sourcing to conflict 2005 160, 2005 169–71, 2005 172 


disarmament, peace agreements 2003 283 


Kyrgyzstan 2004 309, 2004 310, 2004 320, 2004 322–4 



Taliban 





294


history of 2009 285, 2009 287–9 

imports, human rights 2003 112, 2004 128, 2004 132 



membership 2010 121 

reconciliation 2009 308–9 

state sponsorship 2010 117 

stockpiles 2002 102, 2003 73–6 


violence by 2008 232 


Tamil Tigers see Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam 

Tamils 2004 37, 2004 59, 2004 89 

Tang-Ginya, Gabriel 2007 319, 2007 324, 2010 289–90 

Tanzania 

Burundian refugees 2007 200 



exports, irresponsible transfers to Uganda 2007 106 






prices 

AK-47s 2003 86 


production 2001 16, 2001 53, 2002 57, 2005 14 





Tanzin groups (Palestinian Territories) 2002 131 

Taos Industries (United States) 2007 82, 2007 84–5 

target rifles 2005 51 

target shooting, national control of civilian ownership 2002 264 

Tasko Corporation (Ukraine) 2003 49 

tattoos, gang members 2010 69, 2010 241 

Taurus (Brazil) 


weapons seized in Brazil 2001 23 

weapons used in crime in the US 2001 23 

Tavor assault rifle 2001 39, 2002 35, 2003 112 

tax havens 


brokers 2001 101, 2001 104–5, 2001 126 


295

taxation, effects of small arms misuse 2003 144 

Taylor, Charles 2006 256, 2009 108 




illicit transfers to the RUF in Sierra Leone 2001 120–3, 2001 171 

LURD 2005 182–3 

NPFL 2005 193 

UN sanctions on Liberia 2004 269 


TCI see Transfer Controls Initiative 

teargas launchers 2005 53 

Technicni Zavod (Slovenia) 2003 46 


licensed and unlicensed military production 2007 7–32 

production developments 2003 9–10 


Technopol (Slovakia) 2003 43 

Temex 2003 119, 2004 144, 2009 108 

Tenders Electronic Daily (TED) database 2010 12 

Tentara Nasional Acheh (TNA) 2006 253 

terminal ballistics 2005 23 

terrorism 

see also September 11, 2001; War on Terror 


Container Security Initiative 2003 107 

definitions of small arms 2003 59–60 


human development and security 2003 150–1 

illicit transfers to terrorists 

from North Africa 1999 2001 170–1 

from Saudi Arabia 2004 102 


MANPADS 2004 77, 2004 78, 2004 89, 2004 90, 2004 92–3 

Moldovan exports 2003 109–10 



RPG-7 2004 36–7 

Somalia 2007 92–4 



insurgent stockpiles 2002 81 

transfers to non-state actors 2007 132–3, 2007 135 



Yemen 2003 170–1 

terrorist groups, definition 2010 88 

Texas Syndicate gang 2010 161 

296

Thai Interarms 2001 44 

Thailand 


black market, 2002 update 2002 109 

community defence forces 2010 267 

exports 








to the LTTE in Sri Lanka 2001 182–3 

to Myanmar insurgents 2004 131 




MANPADS 2004 89, 2004 93 

imports 








from the United States 2001 153, 2001 154, 2004 120, 2004 121 


value 2002 2005 106 

value 2003 2006 74, 2006 78 




production 



licensed 2002 51, 2007 15 



RPG-7 2004 36 


stockpiles 




thefts from state arsenals, 2001 2002 137 


297


Thales 2005 59, 2005 61 

Thalmann, Ambassador Anton 2006 98–9 

theft 

see also crime 

by military personnel 2008 48–9, 2008 51 

of civilian weapons 2008 62–3, 2008 187–8 

diversions to illicit trade 2002 129 

of firearms 2004 43, 2004 54–6, 2004 60–5, 2004 66, 2004 185 


from police stockpiles, Georgia 2003 196 

from state stockpiles 2002 137–8, 2006 38–9, 2006 65, 2008 48–51 

Albania 2001 176–7, 2001 200–1 

Argentina 2001 184–5 


Kazakhstan 2001 179 


Philippines 2001 183 

Russian Federation 2001 178 


US Army 2002 260–1 

from UN troops, RUF in Sierra Leone 2001 172–3 

using firearms, Cambodia 2006 127–30 

thermobaric warheads 2004 36 

third-country brokering 2001 104, 2001 124–5 

third-party brokering 2004 144, 2004 148, 2004 155–6, 2004 162, 2004 163–4 

Thomet, licensed production 2002 51 

Thomson-CSF (France), acquisitions 1999 2002 12 

Tigers (Serbia), firearms 2010 122 

Tillessen, Peter 2005 156 

timber 

Cambodia 2006 121–2, 2006 133 


Liberia, conflict goods 2002 141 

time-to-crime studies, stolen firearms 2004 60 

Timor-Leste see East Timor 

tipping points, norms 2003 222 

TNA see Tentara Nasional Acheh 

Todosa 2007 337 

Togo 


illicit transfers from, to UNITA in Angola 2001 173, 2002 132, 2002 134, 2005 192 




stockpiles, military 2002 81, 2002 82, 2003 83, 2005 77, 2006 44, 2006 51, 2006 53 

Tokarev pistol 2004 28, 2004 34 


298

Tokyo (Japan) 



Tonga 


imports 


value 2000 2004 281 



state 2004 284 


tons, of ammunition 2008 90 

Tools for Arms Project (TAE) (Mozambique) 2002 243, 2002 294 

Toposa 2007 337–8 

Toronto (Canada), homicide rate 2007 165 

Torres Strait 2004 286 

Torsson, Palle 2005 146 

tourism 

Brazil 2007 242 


Fiji Islands 2004 290–2 

Townsville Peace Agreement (TPA) (Solomon Islands) 2003 302–3 

toys, violence-reduction programmes, Argentina 2002 309 

TOZ see Tulsky Oruzheiny Zavod 

TPA see Townsville Peace Agreement 


see also International Tracing Instrument; marking 

ammunition 2005 25–9, 2005 31, 2009 117 



markings 2007 291–2 

conflict tracing 2009 109–22 

control measures 2002 243–8, 2002 271–2 

cooperation 2009 109, 2009 121–2 

crime gun tracing 2009 121 


diverted weapons 2009 108 

inventory management 2002 261 

lot-marking 2007 303 

marking of weapons 2009 109 


norms 2003 231 



record-keeping 2009 109, 2009 120–1, 2009 130 

UN Firearms Protocol 2002 238–9, 2002 240–1 


299

UN Small Arms Conference (2001) 2001 282, 2002 246–7 

uses of 2009 107 

weapons identification 2009 110–20, 2009 130 

weapons tracing 2009 120–2 

trade 

conflict trade 2002 139–41, 2002 175 

effects of small arms misuse on 2003 142–3 

global trends 2000–2006 2009 11–25 

prices of Kalashnikov rifles 2007 257–72 

trade unions, urban armed violence 2007 178 

trade in weapons see illicit transfers; transfers 

traditional law 



Yemen 2003 169–70, 2003 181–5 

traditional power structures, young men and small arms 2006 305 

trafficking 

see also smuggling 

arms sourcing to conflicts 2005 159–73 

by air, control measures 2010 44–9 




prosecution of 2008 134–6 

Southern Africa 2003 238 


war on terror 2003 61–2 

training 

international transfers 2009 9 

MANPADS 2004 85, 2004 89, 2004 94 



Trans Air Cargo 2001 118–19 

trans-shipment points, Netherlands 2001 151 

Transcaucasian Military District 2003 193 

Transdniester 



Transfer Controls Initiative (TCI) (2003) 2007 129–30 

transfers 2001 141–59, 2002 109–46, 2003 97–120, 2004 99–139 

see also export controls; exports; illicit transfers; imports 

2000–2006 Comtrade data 2009 11–25 

2005 update 2005 97–117 

2006 analysis 2009 32–47 

2006 data comparisons 2009 28–30 

2006 update 2006 65–88 

actors 2010 42–4 

Africa 2003 117–19 

300


estimated values 2010 17–20 

global trade 2010 7–35 


undocumented 2010 18, 2010 27 

armed groups 2010 324–5 

authorized vs unauthorized 2002 111 

Canada 2003 107–8 


Central Asia 2003 111–12 

chain of 2008 122–4, 2008 157 

chain of possibilities 2002 110 

classification of 2001 142, 2002 111 


to conflict zones 2005 159–73 


see also end-user certification; export controls 



costs and difficulty of implementation 2008 145 

flowchart 2008 144 

global 2007 117–38 

Great Lakes and Horn of Africa regions 2001 263–5 

in-transit and point-of-delivery controls 2008 131–3 



international law 2007 130–7 


licensed production 2007 26–31 


multilateral measures 2008 160–1 

national systems 2008 162–3 

post-delivery controls 2008 133–6, 2008 155–6, 2008 173–4 

pre-shipment controls 2008 127–31, 2008 163 

priorities 2008 173–4 

prospects for 2008 142–5 



UN Small Arms Conference (2001) 2001 282, 2002 203 

covert 2007 90–4 

definitions 2002 111, 2009 64 

disturbing transfers 2001 155–6 

diversion 2008 113–14, 2008 145–6 


European Union 2001 269–71, 2003 103–5 

global norms 2003 224–5, 2003 233 

global trade 2004 100–14 

human rights 2002 180, 2004 125–33 

301

illicit brokering 2004 141–66 

India 2001 156–7 

intentional vs unintentional 2002 111 


types of 2009 9 



Iraq 2004 44 

irresponsible 2007 73–107 


Latin America and the Caribbean 418, 2003 114–17, 2004 50 

legal transfer process 2010 43, 2010 44 

legal vs illicit 2002 111 

legality spectrum 2001 167 

licensing 2008 157, 2008 158–9, 2008 162, 2008 173–4 


links between legal and illicit transfers 2002 128–39, 2002 206 

MANPADS 2004 77, 2004 83, 2004 87–9, 2004 92–4, 2005 127–8, 2005 130–7 

marking 2002 244–8 

Mexico 2003 108, 2004 52 

military firearms 

2002 update 2002 115–17 

transferred to civilian ownership 2007 60–1 

monitoring 2004 5, 2004 249–71 

national export reporting 2002 117–23 

national regulation 2002 254–5 

non-EU European countries 2003 108–11 

to non-state actors 

international law 2007 132–5 



non-transfer clauses 2002 250 

Pacific 2004 280–5, 2004 303 

to peacekeeping forces 2009 37–9 


reporting of 2009 26–8, 2009 52–3 

Republic of the Congo 2003 261–2, 2003 263, 2003 270–2 

satellite tracking 2008 132 

scope 2001 144–58 

second-hand equipment, prices 2002 65–7 

share of global arms trade 2001 144–5 

South Asia 2003 111–13 

state-to-state 2002 239–40, 2008 166 


supply-side controls and human rights 2001 223 

surplus military stocks 2006 7–8, 2006 19, 2006 25–6 


transparency 2004 114–18, 2006 78–81, 2007 86–97, 2008 136–7 

302

UN Firearms Protocol 2002 238–9, 2002 238–41 

undocumented 2009 7–8, 2009 31, 2009 43 

ammunition 2010 18, 2010 27 

United States 2003 105–8, 2004 11 

unofficial information 2001 158 



Yemen 2003 172–7 

transit, definition 2009 64 

transit countries 

black market 2002 141–5 


transit licenses 




transit trade 

Cyprus 2004 108, 2005 106 

Europe 2003 104–5 

transitional autonomy, post-conflict security 2009 233, 2009 236 

Transitional Federal Government (TFG) (Somalia), guided light weapons holdings 2008 33 

Transitional National Government (TNG) (Somalia), guided light weapons holdings 2008 33 

transitional security forces, post-conflict security 2009 233, 2009 236 

transnational criminals 2001 221 

transparency 

see also Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 

ammunition 


transfers 2010 8, 2010 10–13 

brokers 2001 97, 2001 98, 2001 101, 2001 106–7, 2001 126, 2001 127, 2002 253 

China 2002 94–5 


EU Code of Conduct 2001 270–1 

export controls 2008 136–7 

goals 2001 2–3 

grey market 2001 101, 2001 166 

insurgent firearms 2001 78 


marking 2002 240–1, 2002 244 

monitoring 2004 252, 2004 253–4 


OSCE Document on Small Arms and Light Weapons 2001 275–6 

production, ammunition 2005 13 


stockpiles 2001 59, 2001 60–5, 2003 90, 2005 72, 2005 79, 2005 84–6, 2005 91–2 

military 2001 72–3, 2002 244, 2006 37, 2006 45, 2006 58–60 


transfers 2002 112, 2004 114–18 

303

national reporting 1994–1998 2001 148, 2001 159 

national reporting 1999 2002 117–23 

national reporting 2000 2003 98 

national reporting 2001 2004 114–18 

national reporting 2002 2005 97, 2005 98, 2005 99–100, 2005 109–13 

national reporting 2003 2006 65, 2006 66, 2006 67, 2006 68, 2006 74, 2006 78–82 

scope of legal transfers 2001 142 

value 2002 2005 101 



United States 2001 152–4, 2004 12 

transport 

of ammunition 2005 26 

by sea 2002 144 


costs 2007 263, 2007 264, 2007 269 

illicit brokering 2004 144–7 

of light weapons 2008 9–10 

weapons collection programmes, safety 2002 312 

transport agents 2001 99, 2001 110–23 


Angola and UNITA 2001 116–19 

by sea 2002 144 

chain of accountability 2001 106 

definition 2001 98, 2010 43–4 

distinction from brokers 2001 129 

illicit arms brokering 2001 96 

illicit transfers to the RUF in Sierra Leone 2001 172 


tax havens 2001 104 



civil aviation regulations 2010 59–62 


criminalization 2010 54 

customs laws 



licensing systems 2010 50–3 

methods 2010 44 


regulations 



safety and security measures 2010 53–4, 2010 61–2 

treaties, norms 2003 216–17 

Treaty on Conventional Forces in Europe (1993) 2001 73, 2004 58 

trends 

304

African stockpiles 2003 85–6 

global trade 2000–2006 2009 11–25 

intra-state conflicts 2001 78 


production 2001 11–12, 2003 13–15, 2003 16 




violence in Papua New Guinea 2006 168–9 

trials and sampling, international transfers 2009 9 

tribal confederations, Yemen 2003 181–3 

tribal conflict 



Papua New Guinea 2006 166, 2006 168, 2006 172–4 


Southern Sudan 2010 285–8 

Yemen 2003 181–4, 2003 183–5 

tribes 


Pakistan, weapons collection 2002 296–7 


Yemen 2003 169–70, 2003 177, 2003 178–87 

trigger effect, accessibility thesis 2001 204–5 

Trinidad and Tobago 


gang violence 2010 129, 2010 141 


Trinitarian Warfare doctrine, military stockpiles 2006 45, 2006 46–7, 2006 53 

truncheons 2004 107–8 

truth commissions, disarmament 2003 311 

Tskhinvali (South Ossetia) 2003 193–4 

tsunami (2004), Aceh 2009 253, 2009 271–5 

Tuareg 

Mali 



Tula Arms Plant, exports, data on 2002 123 

Tulsky Oruzheiny Zavod (TOZ) (Russian Federation) 2004 14, 2004 15, 2004 122, 2005 57 




Tunisia 



stockpiles 2005 88, 2005 89 

civilian holdings, national registration data 2007 50 

Turkana 2007 337 

305

Turkey 

child victimization 2008 247 






exports 



human rights 2004 130, 2004 131, 2004 132 


2007 107 









value 2002 2005 105 

value 2003 2006 73 



to Chechnya 2004 132 

to the Kurds 2001 176 

to Nagorno-Karabakh 2002 133 

imports 

1994–1998 2001 156, 2001 157 








from the United States 2000 2001 154, 2003 106 


value 2002 2005 108 

value 2003 2006 78 

insurgents and other non-state combatants 2001 79 







306

production 



licensed 2002 50–1, 2002 51, 2007 11, 2007 12, 2007 15, 2007 21, 2007 27 





survey of producers 2001 39–40, 2001 53, 2002 16, 2002 17, 2002 19–20, 2002 57 






military 2005 86, 2005 88, 2006 57 


Turkmenistan 2004 311 


Turks and Caicos, tax havens and brokers 2001 105 

turn-in campaigns, municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 181 

turn-key projects 2007 10 

Tutsis, Burundi 2007 199–203, 2007 207, 2007 221 

Tuvalu 



stockpiles 2003 89, 2004 284 

Type 56 assault rifle 2001 63, 2006 283 

Burundi, disarmament 2007 204 

identifying marks 2009 111–12 

Type 63 automatic rifle 2006 55 

Type 65 assault rifle 2001 63 

Type 68 assault rifle 2001 63 

Type 68 pistol, serial numbers 2009 116 

Type 69 rocket launcher, serial numbers 2009 116 

Type 81/RPK light machine gun 2006 283 

Type CQ assault rifle, licensed production 2007 19 

UAE see United Arab Emirates 

UAZ-3151 vehicle, for light weapons transport 2008 9–10 

UCDP see Uppsala Conflict Data Program 

UCPMB see Liberation Army of Presevo, Medvedija, and Bujanovac 

Uganda 


diversion 2008 51 

diversions of 2007 289–301 


cattle rustling, weapons collection 2002 291 

children 

307


health 2009 206 

‘night commuters’ 2009 202 

post-conflict reintegration 2009 210–11 

civilian firearms ownership 2007 172 

community defence forces 2010 267 

conflict 


child soldiers 2001 230, 2003 146 


internally displaced persons 2001 224, 2001 225 



costs of gun violence 2003 134–5 




disarmament 2009 163, 2009 167 

diversion, of sub-machine guns to Liberia 2008 115, 2008 116, 2008 117, 2008 121 


exports, Democratic Republic of the Congo 2001 108, 2004 130 



group goals 2005 196 







to Sudan 2007 325 

to Sudanese rebels 2001 174, 2004 133 

to UNITA in Angola 2002 132 

imports 


from Romania 2003 110 


Labora farm experiment 2009 233, 2009 236 

Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 273–89, 2009 197, 2009 211 



ammunition diversions to 2007 289–301 

capture of weapons 2008 54 


post-conflict crime 2005 274 



ammunition 2007 293–5, 2007 296–7 

308

stockpiles 2003 83–6, 2004 56 


Uganda National Liberation Army (UNLA) 2006 274–5 

Uganda National Rescue Front (UNRF) 2005 198, 2006 282 

Uganda National Rescue Front II (UNRF II) 2006 282 

Uganda Wildlife Authority (UWA) 2007 290, 2007 291, 2007 294, 2007 295, 2007 296, 2007 298 

Ugandan People’s Defence Army (UPDA) 2006 275 

Ugandan People’s Defence Force (UPDF) 2006 275, 2006 277, 2006 278–82, 2006 284–5, 2006 

286–9 

ammunition profile 2007 290, 2007 291, 2007 294–6, 2007 298 

community defence group 2010 267 

diversions from 2007 299–301 

Lord’s Resistance Army 2007 326, 2010 288–9 

violence in South Sudan 2007 325 

Uighur 2004 310 

UK see United Kingdom 

Ukraine 

ammunition 

diversion from Côte d’Ivoire to Liberia 2008 121, 2008 123, 2008 129, 2008 134 

stockpiles 2008 90, 2008 91, 2008 93 


brokering 2004 155, 2004 156, 2004 157, 2004 158, 2004 160–1 

collection and destruction programmes 2003 61 



surplus weapons 2008 95, 2008 96, 2008 97 


exports 2002 123, 2003 48, 2003 108 

to Africa 2001 170 

ammunition, to Uganda 2007 293, 2007 294–6, 2007 295 













to Nagorno-Karabakh 2002 133 

to the RUF in Sierra Leone 2001 171, 2001 172, 2001 173, 2004 132 

to UNITA in Angola 2001 173, 2002 132 

imports, sporting shotguns 2009 19 

MANPADS 2004 92–3 

military stockpile, diversion 2008 56–7 

309



production 










military 2006 44, 2006 47, 2006 50, 2006 57 


transfers, reporting of 2009 26, 2009 31 


ULFA see United Liberation Front of Assam 

Ulster Defence Association (UDA), decommissioning 2003 285, 2006 260 

Ulster Unionists, disarmament 2003 284–6, 2006 260 

Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF), decommissioning 2003 285, 2006 260 

Umarex Sportwaffen (Germany) 2002 12, 2002 21, 2002 34 

UN see United Nations 

UN-LiREC see United Nations Regional Centre for Peace, Disarmament and Development in Latin 

America and the Caribbean 

UNAFRI see United Nations African Institute for the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of 

Offenders 

UNAMIR see United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda 

UNAMSIL see United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone 

UNDDA see United Nations Department for Disarmament Affairs 

under-barrel grenade launchers 2008 24 

UNDP see United Nations Development Programme 

unemployment 

see also employment 

Brazil, firearm homicides 2007 235 



Latin America, and firearm homicides 2003 138 




West African armed groups 2006 248, 2006 252, 2006 259, 2006 265 

Yemen 2003 172 

young men and small arms 2006 298–300, 2006 303–4, 2006 305 

UNGA see United Nations General Assembly 

unguided light weapons, definition 2008 20 

unguided rocket launchers 2008 25–6 

União Nacional Para a Independência Total de Angola (UNITA) 

conflict goods 2002 140, 2002 141, 2002 142 

310



illicit transfers from, to the Republic of the Congo 2003 260, 2003 262 


arms embargoes 2002 131–3, 2004 265, 2004 269 

arms supply networks 2001 116–19 




resource extraction 2005 191–2 



UNICEF see United Nations Children’s Fund 

UNICRI see United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute 

UNIDIR see United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research 

Unified Database of the Ministry of Health (Datasus) (Brazil) 2007 229 

UNIFIL see United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon 

unilateral declarations, humanitarian norms 2010 311 

unintentional deaths 2004 174–80, 2004 202, 2004 295 

unintentional transfers, definition 2002 111 

Union of Forces for Democracy and Development (UFDD) (Chad), guided light weapons holdings 

2008 32 

Union panafricaine pour la démocratie sociale (UPADS) (Republic of the Congo) 2003 256–8, 2003 

264–5, 2003 267–8 

holdings 2003 260–1 

Union pour le renouveau démocratique (URD) (Republic of the Congo) 2003 256–8, 2003 264–5, 

2003 268–9 

holdings 2003 260–1 

UNITA see União Nacional Para a Independência Total de Angola 

Unité de la Sécurité Présidentielle (USP) (Central African Republic) 2005 307 

United Arab Emirates (UAE) 

exports 


transparency 2010 13, 2010 16 



to Sudan 2001 174 

imports 



from United States 2001 154 


value 2002 2005 108 

value 2003 2006 73, 2006 78 


production 



311

stockpiles 2005 88, 2005 89 

United Front for the Liberation of Liberia 2003 82 

United Kingdom (UK) 

see also England and Wales; Northern Ireland; Scotland 




Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) 2009 148 

arms trafficking and tax havens 2001 104–5 

brokering, controls 2002 255, 2002 257 

civilian weapons, theft of 2008 63, 2008 64, 2008 65–6 

collection and destruction programme 2002 73, 2002 74, 2002 281, 2002 283, 2002 302, 2003 

280, 2005 75–6 



brokering 2002 255, 2002 257 

civilian ownership 2002 270–1, 2004 67, 2004 188–9, 2004 192 

international transfer controls 2007 122, 2007 129–30 


MANPADS 2005 130–6 

Transfer Controls Initiative (TCI) 2007 129–30 

West African Moratorium 2001 260–1 


disarmament 2009 171–4, 2009 179 


Export Control Act (2002) 2008 169 





Open General Export Licences (OGELs) 2009 79–80 



exports 


ammunition 2009 15, 2009 16 



classification of 2004 107, 2004 108 







human rights 2004 128, 2004 129, 2004 130, 2004 131, 2004 132 

to Indonesia 2004 99 


312

2007 105, 2007 106, 2007 107 




national reporting 2001 151, 2002 120, 2002 121, 2002 122, 2003 98 






transparency 2004 117, 2005 110, 2005 111, 2005 112, 2005 113, 2006 81, 2007 74, 2007 

87, 2007 88, 2009 8, 2009 49, 2010 8, 2010 13, 2010 15 


value 2000 2003 103 


value 2002 2005 97, 2005 105 

value 2003 2006 73 





Firearms Amendment Act (1997) 2008 65, 2009 171, 2009 173–4 


gun crime 2009 173–4 


to Iraq 2002 133 



to Sierra Leone 2001 22–3, 2001 110, 2001 121, 2002 132, 2002 133 

illicit transfers to, border seizures 2005 115, 2005 116 

imports 




list of exporters 2005 103, 2006 68–72 








value 1994–1998 2001 156, 2001 157 

value 2000 2003 103 


value 2002 2005 109 

value 2003 2006 67, 2006 78 


313

policing 2004 221–3, 2004 226, 2004 228, 2004 231, 2004 234–5, 2004 239 


Private Security Companies 2001 110, 2001 220 

production 




licensed 2002 45, 2007 15, 2007 18, 2007 28 



manufacturing sectors 2005 47–8, 2005 49, 2005 52, 2005 59, 2005 61 



most popular small arms 2001 18–19, 2001 20 


stockpiles 

civilian holdings 2001 239, 2003 64, 2005 80, 2007 50 

changing patterns of 2007 63–4 




military 2002 259, 2006 38, 2006 56 





thefts from state arsenals 2002 137, 2002 259 




safety and security measures 2010 54 


Yemen 2003 173–4 

United Liberation Front of Assam (ULFA) 2001 181 

United Liberation Movement for Democracy in Liberia (ULIMO) 2005 182 

United Nations (UN) 

2005 World Summit Outcome 2007 119 

ammunition 2005 26, 2005 28 

armed groups, child soldiers 2006 266 

Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) (2006) 2007 130 

Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Officials (1990) 2003 

224, 2004 214–17, 2004 219–27, 2004 229–31, 2004 234, 2004 237–8, 2006 131, 2010 319 

Biennial Meetings of States (BMS), First (2003) 2004 2, 2007 125, 2007 126 

brokering 2004 147–8, 2004 152 


monitoring 2004 249, 2004 250–1, 2004 260 

reporting 2004 254 

Biennial Meetings of States (BMS), Third (2008) 2009 135, 2009 136–43, 2009 152 

314

civil society experts 2009 140 

facilitators 2009 137 

implementation agenda 2009 142–3 

outcome 2009 140–2 

preparations for 2009 137–9 

Bosnia 2005 234 

Brahimi Report 2005 285, 2005 287 




international control of 2001 127, 2001 128 

Small Arms Conference 2001 128, 2002 57–8, 2004 141, 2004 147 

Burundi 2007 199, 2007 204, 2007 210–11 

Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials (1979) 2003 223, 2004 214, 2004 215, 2004 

216–17, 2004 227, 2004 232, 2004 233, 2004 236, 2006 131 

Commodity Trade Statistics Database (Comtrade) 2001 144–7, 2001 156, 2002 113–15, 2003 

98–120, 2004 109–14, 2005 98–109, 2006 66–73, 2009 10–25 

ammunition, transfers 2006 67, 2010 10, 2010 22–7, 2010 34–5 

comparison with other data sources 2009 28–30, 2009 52 

customs codes 2009 10, 2009 26, 2009 30 

discrepancies with government data 2001 150–1, 2001 156 

ECOWAS moratorium 2004 113–14 

global trends 2000–2006 2009 7, 2009 11–25, 2009 52 

human error 2006 66 

international trends 2003 98–104 


methodology for estimating transfers 2001 144 

Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2004 117, 2005 112, 2006 80, 2007 87, 2007 

94–7, 2008 114, 2008 137–42, 2009 8, 2009 47–52 


Yemen 2003 176–7 

Conference on the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in all its Aspects (2001) 

see also United Nations (UN), Biennial Meetings of States; United Nations (UN), Programme 

of Action 

analysis of 2002 3–5, 2002 6, 2002 203–31 

armed non-state actors 2001 78 

assessment 2002 229–30 

brokering 2001 128, 2002 57–8, 2004 141, 2004 147 

chronology of events 2002 204 

conference itself 2002 218–20 


follow-up 2002 227–9 

General Assembly resolution 2002 206–7 


illicit trade, definition 2002 128 

issues for 2001 282 

monitoring of implementation 2004 250–63 

NGOs 2002 217–18, 2002 242 

315

norms 2003 223 

preparation for 2001 276–8, 2001 280–1, 2001 282–3, 2002 205–9 

process 2004 249 

norms 2003 223, 2003 226–36 


tracing initiatives 2006 96 


weapons collection programmes 2002 281, 2002 303, 2002 316 

Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (1980) 2002 179 

Convention on Transnational Organized Crime 2001 127–8, 2002 237 

norms 2003 223 

Darfur 2007 320 

DDR and weapons reduction 2005 267–8 

coercive disarmament as part of peacekeeping operations 2003 298–9 

disarmament in Mozambique 2001 64 

future of 2005 287–9 

history of DDR 2005 277–9 

history of weapons reduction 2005 280 

peacekeeping 2005 267–8 


deaths of personnel 2002 187, 2002 196 

deaths of staff 2001 226 

Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women 2004 227, 2004 235 

definitions of small arms and light weapons 2001 8, 2001 251, 2003 59 

development programmes 

and disarmament 2003 151–4 

risks to staff 2003 149 

embargoes 

Africa 2003 118–19 

Angola 2001 116, 2001 117, 2002 249 


effective 2001 2002 132 

Ethiopia and Eritrea 2001 175 

extra-territorial jurisdiction 2002 256 

former Yugoslavia 2001 107 






Liberia 2003 118–19 

monitoring 2004 5, 2004 249–50, 2004 263–71 

norms 2003 224–5 

Sierra Leone 2001 110, 2001 120, 2001 172 

Somalia 2007 92–3, 2007 94 

Sudan 2007 92, 2007 317, 2007 320 

violations 2002 131–5, 2002 136, 2003 118–19, 2004 128–33 

West African armed groups 2006 256, 2006 258, 2006 266 

316

exports see United Nations (UN), Commodity Trade Statistics Database 

Feasibility Study, brokering 2002 246, 2002 256–7 

Firearm Regulation Study (1998) 2004 61 

Firearms Protocol 2001 278–80, 2002 236, 2002 237–41, 2005 126, 2007 73, 2007 127, 2008 

161, 2008 163, 2009 62, 2009 63 

ammunition 2005 24–5, 2005 28 



definition of ‘illicit trafficking’ 2007 73 



norms 2003 216–17, 2003 223, 2003 225, 2003 238, 2003 247 

ratifications 2004 252 

scope 2005 125 


tracing and marking 2002 246, 2002 247, 2006 96, 2006 99, 2006 103–4, 2006 106–7, 2006 

114 

UN Small Arms Conference (2001) 2002 210, 2002 216 

Group of Experts on the problem of ammunition and explosives 2005 9, 2005 13, 2005 28, 2005 

31, 2010 8 

Group of Governmental Experts on ammunition 2009 135, 2009 143–7, 2009 152 

Group of Governmental Experts on brokering 2007 126, 2010 45–6 

Group of Governmental Experts on conventional ammunition stockpiles in surplus 2007 126 

Group of Governmental Experts on Small Arms (1999) 




producers 2001 9 

UN Small Arms Conference (2001) 2002 205–6 

Group of Governmental Experts to examine the feasibility, scope and draft parameters of an arms 

trade treaty 2009 148, 2009 149–52 

Group of Governmental Experts on Tracing Illicit Small Arms and Light Weapons (2003) 2005 

28, 2006 96–7, 2006 102–5, 2006 107 

Haiti 2005 164 

Human Development Index 

Brazil 2007 245 

Rio de Janeiro 2007 237 

Yemen 2003 171–2 

Human Rights Committee 2004 216–17 


human rights violations 


stigmatization of suppliers to 2002 184 

humanitarian aid 

co-operation with peacekeeping forces 2002 189–90 


Somalia, attacks on 2002 192 

Sudan 2001 174–5 

317



humanitarianism, supply-side 2002 182 

illicit transfers, definitions 2001 165, 2001 167 

Integrated Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Standards (IDDRS) 

child protection 2009 208 

reintegration programmes 2009 255–6, 2009 278 

weapons registration 2009 126 


Inter-Agency Standing Committee Reference Group on Small Arms (RGSA) 2002 158 

International Crime Victim Surveys 2004 179 

International Study on Firearm Regulation (1995–1997) 2001 84–6 

International Study on Firearm Regulation (1999) 2001 9, 2001 146 

Kosovo 2005 217, 2005 220–1 

Latin America and the Caribbean 2004 50 

law enforcement 2003 224, 2004 214–17, 2004 219–27, 2004 229–31, 2004 234, 2004 237–8, 

2006 131 

Mali, weapons collection 2002 288 

MANPADS 2005 128–9 

marking 





Millennium Summit 2003 150 


Monitoring Group on Somalia 2007 92–4 

municipal armed violence reduction programmes 2007 185 

Open-Ended Working Group on Tracing Illicit Small Arms and Light Weapons (OEWG) 2006 

95, 2006 96–103 

Panel of Experts on Liberia 2009 108 

Panel of Experts on Violations of Security Council Sanctions against UNITA (Fowler Report) 

2001 117–19, 2001 173 

Panel of Governmental Experts on Small Arms (1997) 2001 276–7 


definition of light weapons 2008 8–11, 2008 30, 2009 8–9 

definition of small arms 2001 8, 2004 8, 2005 40–1, 2009 8–9 



International Tracing Instrument 2006 96, 2006 102, 2006 103–4 

legal transfers 2001 142 




Peace Operations Panel 2003 296 

peacekeeping missions 2003 294 

Chapter VI mandate 2003 299 

co-operation with humanitarian operations 2002 189–90 

318

death of personnel 2002 187–8 


disarmament 2003 277, 2003 278, 2003 291–2 

in former Yugoslavia 2001 200 


theft from in Sierra Leone 2001 172–3 

Uruguayan soldiers smuggling guns 2001 187 

Principles on the Effective Prevention and Investigation of Extra-legal, Arbitrary and Summary 

Executions 2004 225, 2004 230 

Principles on the Prevention of Human Rights Violations Committed with Small Arms (2006) 

2007 127, 2010 323 

Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light 

Weapons in All Its Aspects (2001) 2002 203, 2002 236, 2009 62, 2009 63 

ammunition 2005 25, 2005 28, 2005 126–7 

assessment 2002 3–4, 2002 229–30 


brokering 2002 257–8, 2004 147, 2004 151–2 


complicity in violations of international law 2007 131 

conference negotiations 2002 218–20 


disarmament 2009 164, 2009 180 

diversion prevention measures 2008 160–1 

draft 2002 207–9 

embargoes 2004 263–4 

EU Plan of Action 2002 214–15 

existing responsibilities 2007 130–2 

final draft 2002 220–9 

Firearms Protocol 2002 216 

follow-up 2007 125, 2007 126 




implementation 2009 142–3, 2009 152 

influence of gun lobby 2002 217 

International Tracing Instrument 2006 101–2, 2006 103, 2006 104, 2006 112 

key challenges 2007 130–7 



MANPADS 2005 132, 2005 136 

marking and tracing 2002 246–8, 2005 28 


monitoring of implementation 2004 2, 2004 249–63, 2004 271–2 

National Points of Contact 2006 58–60 

NGOs 2002 242 

norms 2003 215–48 

record keeping 2002 246–7 

reporting 2006 112, 2009 137–9, 2009 141, 2009 152 

319

Review Conference (2006) 2007 117, 2007 118–26 




surplus weapons, definition 2008 81–2 

terrorism 2002 228 

Third Biennial Meeting of States 2009 140–3, 2009 152 


transfer controls 2007 128, 2007 129–30, 2008 159–60 



Programme for Coordination and Assistance for Security and Development (PCASED) 2004 112 

security of personnel 2002 186, 2002 186–8, 2002 187, 2002 188, 2002 192, 2003 149 

slums 2007 168 

Small Arms Reduction Plan 2003 309–10 

soft law 2003 219 

South Sudan 2007 331–3, 2007 335–6 

stockpiles 

data 2001 62 

global 2003 58, 2003 62 

Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights 2007 127 

Supplement to an Agenda for Peace 2003 227 

Surplus Ammunition Report (2008) 2009 143–7, 2009 152 

tracing, International Tracing Instrument 2006 95–114 

transfers, to non-state actors 2007 132 

weapons registration 2009 124–8 

World Report on Violence against Children 2009 193 

United Nations African Institute for the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders 

(UNAFRI) 2002 262–3 

United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR) 2003 283 

United Nations Centre for International Crime Prevention (CICF) 2002 241 

United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) 

child protection 2009 208 




United Nations Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice 2001 84 

United Nations Commission on Human Rights 2004 1 

United Nations Department for Disarmament Affairs (UNDDA) 2001 277, 2004 254, 2004 258, 2004 

263 

United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) 2003 292, 2005 277, 2005 289 

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) 

Armed Violence Prevention Programme (AVPP) 2006 309, 2007 178 

Arms for Development programmes 2003 154, 2006 264–5 

Burundi, violence in 2007 197 


destruction programme assistance 2008 78 

destruction of surplus ammunition in Bosnia and Herzegovina 2005 30 

320

El Salvador 2005 207, 2005 280, 2005 281, 2005 285, 2005 287, 2005 289 

armed violence reduction 2008 291–5 

monitoring implementation of Programme of Action 2004 257, 2004 258, 2004 263 


Republic of the Congo 2003 255, 2003 264–73 


Trust Fund for the Reduction of Small Arms Proliferation 2002 298 

weapons collection 2003 309–10, 2009 124–6 

1989–2002 2003 279–81 

Albania 2002 299 

Mali 2002 288 



safety 2002 312 

Weapons Collection, Management, and Destruction Programme 2002 281 

weapons for development 2002 298, 2003 309–10 


United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) 2001 277, 2001 278–9, 2005 26 

Model Regulations 2010 49 

United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) 

Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) 2009 148–52 

First Committee (Disarmament and International Security) 2009 136, 2009 142 

United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights 2005 183, 2005 273 

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) 

forced displacement, 2001 2002 167 

killing of staff in West Timor 2001 228 

militarization of refugee camps 2001 227, 2005 273 

move to operational intervention 2002 185 

security of staff 2001 226, 2001 228 


United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR) 2004 251, 2004 258, 2006 96 

United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) 2005 220–1 

United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) 2009 317, 2009 321, 2009 331 

United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI) 2004 179, 2006 169 


United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic (MINURCA) 2005 316, 2005 324–5 

United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) 2006 261–2 


United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL), disarmament 2002 289–90, 2003 283, 2003 

290, 2003 307, 2006 255 

United Nations Mission in Sudan (UNMIS) 2007 331–3, 2007 335–6, 2010 285, 2010 290, 2010 296 

civilian disarmament 2007 335–6 

United Nations Observer Mission in Bougainville (UNOMB) 2003 302 

United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) 2003 207, 2003 210 

United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia (UNOMIL), weapons collection 2002 288–9, 2003 283, 

2003 293, 2003 307 

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), UN Firearms Protocol 2007 126–7 

United Nations Operation in Burundi (ONUB) 2007 199, 2007 204, 2007 210–11 

321

United Nations Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM II) 2003 298–9 

United Nations Regional Centre for Peace, Disarmament and Development in Latin America and the 

Caribbean (UN-LiREC) 2001 255–6 

United Nations Regional Centre for Peace and Disarmament (UNREC) 2002 262 

United Nations Register of Conventional Arms (UNRCA) 2001 252, 2001 280 



data submitted to 2009 7, 2009 10, 2009 26–8 

inclusion of light weapons 2004 115, 2004 253, 2005 109–10 

MANPADS 2004 93, 2005 128–9 

Togo 2002 81 


United Nations Security Council (UNSC) 

Resolution 1612 2009 208 

Resolution 1701 2009 322 

United Nations Transition Assistance Group (UNTAG) 2003 295 

United Nations Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja, and Western Sirmium 

(UNTAES) 2002 290, 2003 300 

United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) 2006 120–1 

United Self-Defence Forces of Colombia see Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia 

United Somali Congress Ali Mahdi Faction, firearms 2010 122 

United Somali Congress/Somali Salvation Alliance (USC/SSA), guided light weapons holdings 2008 

33 

United States (US) 

655 Report 2001 152, 2002 121–2, 2003 106, 2005 113 

Aceh reintegration support 2009 258 

Afghanistan 2004 89, 2005 234 

Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) 2009 285, 2009 288–9 

ammunition 


requirements 2008 91 

stockpiles 2008 91, 2008 93 


anti-materiel rifles 2008 22–3 

armed violence 



Arms Export Control Act (2005) 2008 169 

arms management, Iraq 2008 58–9 

Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) 2009 148, 2009 149 

art 2005 150–2 

Boston Gun Project 2006 148, 2006 155, 2006 312–13, 2007 181, 2008 286, 2010 246 

brokering 2004 160, 2004 161 

controls 2001 103, 2001 104, 2001 125, 2002 254, 2002 255, 2002 256, 2002 257 


licensing 2004 154, 2004 156, 2004 157 

regulation 2004 162–3 

trials 2004 165 

322

Census Bureau, weapons categories 2009 30 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 2005 242 

civilian firearms 2010 114 

confiscation, disposal method 2002 311 

conflict deaths 

Bosnia 2005 234 

Iraq 2005 234–5 

Consent-to-Search programme 2008 283 

Consolidated Appropriations Bill 2004 66–7 


2006 UN Review Conference 2007 119–20, 2007 121, 2007 123, 2007 124 


Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) 2007 126, 2007 127 

Assault Weapon Ban 2004 66–7, 2005 21, 2005 50, 2005 62–3, 2005 75 

brokers 2001 103, 2001 104, 2001 125, 2001 126, 2002 254, 2002 255, 2002 256 






international tracing instrument ammunition 2007 124 


MANPADS 2004 92, 2004 93, 2005 130–6 




OSCE Document on Small Arms and Light Weapons 2002 211, 2002 212 

proceedings for violations of international law 2002 180 

reform 2004 66–7 

transfers to non-state actors, 2006 UN Review Conference 2007 123–4 


UN Programme of Action 2002 208, 2002 221, 2002 223–5, 2002 226 

UN Small Arms Conference 2002 206, 2002 208, 2002 217, 2002 218, 2002 219, 2002 220 

costs of small arms violence 2006 194, 2006 195, 2006 196, 2006 197, 2006 199, 2006 200, 2006 

201 


demand for small arms, costs of illicit use 2006 155 

Department of Defense (DoD) 

ammunition security risk coding 2008 50 

Defense Transportation Tracking System 2008 132–3 

Iraq Relief and Reconstruction Fund 2008 126 

Small Arms Serialization Program (SASP) 2007 83–4 

Special Assignment Airlift Mission 2008 133 

Department of State (DoS) 

Algeria, human rights violations 2007 77 

Blue Lantern end-use monitoring programme 2008 129, 2008 137, 2008 170 

budget for weapons destruction 2008 105 

Haiti, human rights abuses 2007 174 

323

Israel, human rights violations 2007 79–80 

Political Terror Scale 2007 75 

transfers to Iraqi Security Forces 2007 82–5 

deportation, gang members 2008 290 

destruction programmes, surplus weapons 2008 96, 2008 97, 2008 98 

development and arms control, 2006 UN Review Conference 2007 125 

Directorate of Defense Trade Controls (DDTC) 2008 143 


diversion 

firearms components to Europe 2008 120, 2008 130 

Stinger missiles to Afghanistan 2008 120, 2008 125 

weapons in Iraq 2008 125, 2008 126 

end-use monitoring 2008 144, 2008 169–70, 2008 171–3 








exports 

to Afghanistan 2007 98 


to Algeria 2007 77 

ammunition 2006 67, 2009 14, 2009 15 


arms sourcing to conflicts 2005 160 

by category 2001 154, 2001 155 



to Colombia 2004 129, 2004 130, 2005 161, 2005 162, 2005 165, 2006 236 




dependence of producers on 2004 119–21 

end-use assurances 2002 249, 2002 250 

human rights 2004 128, 2004 129, 2004 130, 2004 131, 2004 132 



to Iraq 2006 74, 2007 74, 2007 81–5, 2007 102 

irresponsible transfers from 2007 73, 2007 74, 2007 77, 2007 79, 2007 81–5, 2007 98, 2007 

99, 2007 100, 2007 101, 2007 102, 2007 103, 2007 104, 2007 105, 2007 106, 2007 107 

to Israel 2002 18 

to Japan 2009 27, 2009 30 

to Latin America 2003 114 

list of importers 2005 106, 2005 107, 2005 108, 2005 109, 2006 75–8 

MANPADS 2002 116, 2004 87, 2004 88, 2004 89 


324



national reporting 2001 152–4, 2002 120, 2002 121–2, 2002 123, 2002 124 

to Nepal 2003 97 



pistols and revolvers 2001 146, 2001 147, 2009 20, 2009 41 

security measures 2008 132–3, 2008 143 





Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2004 3–4 

small-calibre cartridges and parts 2010 23, 2010 24 

sporting and hunting shotguns and rifles 2009 18, 2009 44, 2009 45 



transparency 2001 152–4, 2002 117, 2004 116, 2004 117, 2005 112, 2005 113, 2006 80, 

2006 81, 2007 74, 2007 87, 2007 88, 2009 48, 2009 49, 2010 15 

trends 2000 2003 105–8 

unilateral arms embargoes 2002 133 


value 2002 2005 97, 2005 98, 2005 100, 2005 105 

value 2003 2006 65, 2006 73 

to Yemen 2003 175 



and civilian ownership 1999 2001 203–4, 2001 239 

compared to non-firearm homicides 2007 166 

demographics 2001 239 


firearm injuries 2008 257 

firearms, access to 2008 284–7 

gang violence 2008 225–6, 2008 234, 2008 270, 2008 286, 2010 129, 2010 132–5, 2010 146, 



gangs 

girl members 2010 187–8, 2010 193 

gun ownership 2010 109, 2010 112, 2010 113, 2010 114 


Mexican-American 2010 230–1, 2010 242, 2010 244 

prevention strategies 2010 237–8, 2010 240 

suppression strategies 2010 246, 2010 247, 2010 248 

treatment strategies 2010 242 

Golden Sentry programme 2008 170 

Haiti 2005 163–5 

correlation to city size 2007 165, 2007 166 

homicides 2008 280, 2008 281–2 

325

urban areas 2008 222, 2008 257, 2010 132–5 

illegal sales of weapons 2008 62 

illicit transfers from 2001 189, 2007 90–1 

ant trade into Mexico 2002 135 


to Central American non-state actors 2002 129 

Cold War grey market 2001 168–9 



to Iraq 2007 74, 2007 81–5 

to Latin America 2003 116–17 

to Libya 2001 103 

to non-state actors in Afghanistan 2007 135 

to Paraguay 2001 186 


to Somalia 2007 93–4 



illicit transfers to, from Russian Federation 2001 178–9 

import markings 2009 119, 2009 120 

imports 

ammunition 2009 16, 2009 17 

Beretta 2002 37 

from Brazil 2001 30, 2007 95–6 

from Canada 2001 149 

from central and eastern Europe 2003 38–9 

from China 2001 45, 2002 22 


Container Security Initiative 2003 107 


from the European Union 2003 103–4, 2004 124 

from FN Herstal 2001 31 


handguns 2009 8 


from Latin America 2003 114, 2004 17, 2004 18, 2004 19, 2004 20, 2004 22, 2004 123 

list of exporters 2005 102, 2005 103, 2005 104, 2005 105, 2006 68–73 



national data on 2007 52 


pistols and revolvers 2002 114, 2009 21, 2009 22, 2009 40 

from Russia 2003 111, 2004 122 


shotgun shells 2010 25, 2010 26 

small-calibre cartridges 2010 23, 2010 24 

sporting and hunting firearms 2009 8, 2009 47 

sporting shotguns 2009 18, 2009 19–20 

326



trends 2000 2003 105–8 


value 2000 2003 101 


value 2002 2005 97, 2005 98, 2005 106, 2005 109 

value 2003 2006 65, 2006 67, 2006 74, 2006 78 

injuries, cost of treating 2001 216 

International Traffic in Arms Regulations (2007) 2008 169 

intervention programmes, violence reduction 2008 282–8 

Iraq 2004 44–5, 2004 49–50, 2005 234–5, 2008 14 

legal transfers, classification of 2001 142 

MANPADS development 2008 16–17 

marking and tracing, International Tracing Instrument 2006 100–1, 2006 102 

Mayors Against Illegal Guns 2008 285 

military procurement 2006 9–10, 2006 29 

age of stock 2006 16 

development of new weapons 2006 23 

imports 2002 22, 2002 37 

major initiatives 2006 11 

OICW development 2006 24 

procurement rate 2006 16 

projected rate 2006 18 

ratio of types of weapons 2006 13 

missile countermeasures on civilian aircraft 2004 91 

National Strategy for Combating Terrorism 2004 66 

non-state actors, support for 2002 129, 2002 131 

organized crime 2008 64 


policing 2004 217, 2004 223, 2004 226, 2004 228, 2004 238 

pollution, ammunition 2005 17 

prices 

AK-47 2002 65, 2002 67–8 






production 

ammunition 2003 13, 2003 16–17, 2005 15 

assault rifles 2004 28–9 

by value 2001 14 

by volume 2001 13, 2003 13 

carbines 2004 29 

Census of Manufacturers 1997 2001 10 

company profiles 2000 2002 27–9, 2002 55 

distribution 2003 12 

327

employment in the small arms industry 2003 17 


global ranking 2001 15, 2001 16 






of FN Herstal products 2007 18 


owners of technology 2007 21 

technology acquirers 2007 15 

technology owners 2007 15, 2007 19 



major ammunition producers 2001 15 

major producing companies 2003 14–15 

MANPADS 2004 81, 2004 82 


Manufacturing Census 2004 11 

manufacturing sectors 2005 47–59, 2005 61 

military small arms production 2000 2002 13 

military-style ammunition 2002 14 



most popular small arms 2001 18, 2001 19, 2001 20, 2001 21 

producer accountability 2004 1 

ranked by weapons type 1998–1999 2002 29 

seizures of illicit weapons in Brazil 2001 23 


survey of producers 2001 25–6, 2001 53, 2002 10, 2002 27, 2002 57, 2003 16–18, 2004 

10–14 

total value 2003 16–18 

total volume 2003 16–18 

trends 2004 8, 2004 38 

volume of 2002 13–14 

Project Safe Neighborhoods (PSN) 2008 287–8 




state-to-state transfers 2008 166 

stockpiles 2002 83–6, 2003 57, 2003 61, 2004 53, 2004 56, 2004 57 




correlation to GDP 2007 58–9, 2007 62 

data on private legal firearms 2001 85, 2001 86 


328


hunting 2007 63 

illicit, most popular firearms 2001 21 




regulation of, 2006 UN Review Conference 2007 124 

September 11, 2001 2003 60, 2003 61 


distribution of firearms ownership 2001 65–6 


military 2001 73, 2002 75, 2002 83–6, 2006 44, 2006 46, 2006 47, 2006 53, 2006 56, 2006 

57 


destruction programmes 2002 73, 2007 64, 2007 65 

inventory control 2002 260–1 


transfer to civilian ownership 2007 61 

weapons-to-troop ratio 2002 84–6 

police 2001 69, 2001 70, 2005 78, 2006 41, 2006 43 

September 11, 2001 2003 60–2 


surplus ammunition, General Assembly First Committee 2007 126 


disposal of 2008 81 

terrorism, Moldovan trade 2003 109–10 

theft of weapons 2008 55–6, 2008 64 

Tiahrt Amendment 2008 286–7 




Vanuatu and arms trade liberalization 2002 126 

violence and crime 

correlation with city size 2007 165, 2007 166 

costs of 2001 216, 2004 191, 2006 194, 2006 195, 2006 196, 2006 197, 2006 199, 2006 200, 

2006 201 

drug-related violence 2001 221 

firearms used in crimes 2001 23–4 

frequency of defensive uses 2004 184 

gangs 2007 171 

gun ownership as deterrence 2004 186 

handguns 2004 189–90 

liability suits 2003 18 

self-defence 2004 181 

victims of 2004 61, 2004 179, 2004 183 

violence, municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 182, 2007 188 

violence risk factors 2008 282 

interventions 2008 267 

329

Native Americans 2008 249 

race 2008 259 

weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 74, 2002 282–3, 2003 280, 2005 72–4 

young men and small arms 2006 297, 2006 304, 2006 306–7, 2006 311–12, 2006 313 

United States Agency for International Development (USAID) 2005 285 

United States Air Force, small arms inventory 2001 2002 85 

United States Army 

ammunition producers 2001 27 

inventory control 2002 260–1 

small arms acquisitions 2000 2002 86 

small arms inventory 2001 2002 84–6 

United States Coast Guard, small arms inventory 2001 2002 85 

United States Navy, small arms inventory 2001 2002 85 

United States Virgin Islands, tax havens and brokers 2001 105 

United Tajik Opposition 2005 169–71 

United Wa State Army (UWSA) (Myanmar) 



Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) 2002 179, 2003 219–20, 2004 181, 2004 213–14 

UNLA see Uganda National Liberation Army 

unleaded ammunition 2005 16–17 

UNMIL see United Nations Mission in Liberia 

UNMIS see United Nations Mission in Sudan 

UNODC see United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime 

UNOMB see United Nations Observer Mission in Bougainville 

UNOMIG see United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia 

UNOSOM II see United Nations Operation in Somalia 

UNRCA see United Nations Register of Conventional Arms 

UNRF see Uganda National Rescue Front 

UNTAC see United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia 

UNTAES see United Nations Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja, and Western 

Sirmium 

UNTAG see United Nations Transition Assistance Group 

UPADS see Union panafricaine pour la démocratie sociale 

UPDA see Ugandan People’s Defence Army 

UPDF see Ugandan People’s Defence Force 

Upper Nile State (Sudan), tribal conflict 2010 288 

Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP) 2005 231–2, 2005 234, 2005 238–9, 2005 241–7, 2007 76 

urban areas 

see also cities 

accidental shootings 2007 230 

armed violence 2008 221–2, 2008 257, 2008 291, 2009 196 

Brazil 2007 228–52 

Burundi 2007 197–221 

correlation between crime rates and city size 2007 164–5 


patterns of civilian ownership 2007 63 


330

population 2007 163 

violence 2007 161–89 

urban renewal programmes, post-conflict security 2009 233, 2009 240 

URD see Union pour le renouveau démocratique 

Uruguay 

control measures, MERCOSUR 2001 258 


illicit transfers from, to Brazil 2007 306 


imports 2001 157 

customs data 2002 117, 2002 126 




production 



stockpiles, 2004 update 2004 51, 2004 52, 2004 53 


US see United States 

US Repeating Arms Co. (United States) 2001 23, 2001 26, 2002 31 

USP see Unité de la Sécurité Présidentielle 

UWA see Uganda Wildlife Authority 

UWSA see United Wa State Army 

Uzbekistan 


Kyrgyzstan 2004 309, 2004 310–11, 2004 318, 2004 322 




Uzi sub-machine gun 2004 30 



most popular sub-machine guns 2001 19, 2001 20 

producers 2001 39, 2002 35 


V.A. Degtyarev Plant (Russian Federation) 2001 33, 2003 19, 2004 14, 2004 15 






value of guns, demand for small arms 2006 153–4 

value of lost life 2001 216 

Vanuatu 



331

imports 


value 2000 2004 281 

stockpiles 2003 89, 2004 284 


World Trade Organization and tariffs on imports 2002 126 

Vazovski Mashinostroitelni Zavodi (Bulgaria) 2003 44 

Vector R4/R5s 2003 267 

vehicle hijacking, Papua New Guinea 2006 184 

vehicles, UAZ-3151 2008 9–10 

Vektor (South Africa) 2001 21, 2001 41, 2001 44 

Vektor machine gun 2002 48 

Venezuela 

Colombian insurgents 2002 82–3 

conflict, attempted overthrow of Chávez government 2002 2007 76 

control measures, international transfer controls 2007 123 





to Colombia 2004 130, 2005 163, 2006 85, 2006 87, 2006 222 

imports 


concerns 2006 87 







value 2002 2005 106 

value 2003 2006 74, 2006 78 





production 


licensed 2002 45, 2007 9, 2007 11, 2007 15, 2007 30 




stockpiles 2004 51, 2004 52, 2004 53 

military 2006 43, 2006 44, 2006 51 


Territorial Guard 2008 85–6 

theft of weapons 2008 55 

unemployment and firearm homicides 2003 138 

332

urban violence, political 2007 173, 2007 186 

verification, post-conflict weapons collection 2009 123 

victim assistance, 2006 UN Review Conference 2007 126 

victimization 

Africa 2007 171–3 

Brazil 2007 227–8, 2007 231–3 

Burundi 2007 211–12, 2007 214–15 

Colombia 2006 223–6, 2006 230, 2006 239 

correlation with city size 2007 164–5 


Pakistan, urban political armed violence in Karachi 2007 175 


public perceptions of security 2007 175–8, 2007 182 


urban violence 2007 169–70, 2007 175–8 


urbanization and violence 2007 164 

violence and crime 2004 178, 2004 179–80, 2004 191 


victims, gang violence 2010 69, 2010 145, 2010 197–9 

video games 2005 145–6 

Viera de Mello (Brazil) 2001 29 

Viet Cong, weapon-related commitments 2010 318 

Vietnam 

exports, irresponsible transfers to Philippines 2007 104 


homicides, human development indicators 2001 241 







occupation of Cambodia 2006 120 


production 


licensed 2007 15, 2007 18, 2007 21 


MANPADS 2004 81, 2004 82 


reserve forces 2001 72 

stockpiles 

military 2006 48, 2006 52, 2006 57 

People’s War strategy 2002 77 

Vietnam War 

cascading weapons 2001 169 

post-traumatic stress disorder 2002 167 

333


vigilante groups 2004 196–8 

community security 2010 267 




West Africa 2006 249, 2006 250–1, 2006 252 

Village Guards (Turkey) 2010 261 

vintage weapons, data on 2007 43 

violence 2004 2, 2004 4, 2004 173–211 

see also armed violence; crime; gang violence 


Africa 2004 192–9 

art 2005 150–3 

black market 2001 167, 2002 67–8 

Brazil 2007 227–52, 2007 289–90 


Burundi 2007 197–221 

Cambodia 2006 122–3, 2006 125–30, 2006 136 



clustering surveys 2005 239–40, 2005 241, 2005 244 

Colombia 2006 215–41 

and communities 2008 228–36, 2008 240, 2008 256, 2008 287–8 

contexts of 2008 215 

costs of 2001 4, 2001 216, 2004 190–2, 2006 189–211 

cultures of 2001 205–8, 2005 205–23 

deaths 2010 85 

definitions 2005 230–1, 2007 164, 2008 212–13, 2008 246, 2008 277 

demand, prices 2007 265 

demand for small arms 2006 141, 2006 142–3, 2006 149–51 

drug-related 2001 221 

ecological model 2008 211, 2008 226, 2008 228, 2008 237, 2008 250–1 

effect of small arms on intensity 2006 142–3 

effects on human development 2003 129–49 


elections 2010 265 

empirical studies 2008 249 

entrepreneurs 2009 232 


criminal victimization in 2007 169–70 




group goals 2005 192–3, 2005 196 

gun culture 2001 205–8, 2005 205–23 

humanitarian law 2002 176–92 


334

Iraqi stockpiles 2004 44 


male youth 2006 295–317 

mapping of 2008 216 

and mental illness 2008 254, 2008 255 



Nigeria, correlation to city size 2007 167 



pathways model 2008 251–3 

post-conflict 2005 268, 2005 271–4 

prevention 2008 245 

problem behaviour theory 2008 248 

public perceptions of security 2007 175–8, 2007 182 

reasons for stopping 2008 270 

refugee camps 2002 168–9, 2005 273 

relationship with arms availability 2001 200–8 

risk factors 2008 229–30, 2008 238, 2008 245–6, 2008 249–53 

social bonding theory 2008 248 

social learning theory 2008 248 




triggers 2008 256 

types 2008 213–15, 2008 259–63 

Uganda 2006 288, 2006 289 

United Kingdom 2004 188–9 

United States, liability suits 2003 18 

urban areas 2007 161–89 

of urbanization 2007 175–8 

‘weapons priming effect’ 2006 307–8 

Yemen 2003 179–80, 2003 187 

young men and small arms 2006 298–301, 2006 307–10, 2006 313–16 

violence reduction programmes 

Colombia 2006 215, 2006 230–5 

cost-benefit analysis 2003 132–3 

cost-effectiveness analyses 2006 195, 2006 196–7 


increasing protective factors 2006 313–16 

municipal 2007 178–88 


weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 279, 2002 282–3, 2002 304–5, 2002 

307–10 


violence-induced displacement, indicators 2002 159, 2002 160 

Viva Rio (Brazil) 2002 243, 2006 156 

ammunition diversions 2007 311 

335

Brazilian exports 2001 2002 125 


voluntary approaches, municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 181, 2007 185–8 

Voluntary Society of Supporters for the Air Force And Navy (DAOSAAF) (Georgia) 2003 197 

voluntary weapons collection 2002 286, 2002 292–7 


vulnerable families, Brazil 2007 233, 2007 235, 2007 244, 2007 245, 2007 247 

vulnerable persons, policing 2004 235–7 

Vursan (Turkey) 2002 12 

Vyatskiye Polyany Machine Building Plant Molot (Russian Federation) 2003 19 

WA see Wassenaar Arrangement 

Wallis and Futuna 2004 283, 2004 284, 2004 302 


Wallonian Region (Belgium), exports 2006 69 

Wani, Clement 2010 292 

war 

definitions of 2005 230–2 


global deaths, 2002 update 2002 157 

post-conflict recurrence 2009 231 

types of 2005 180 

Uppsala Conflict Database 2007 76 

war booty 

2002 update 2002 138–9 

diversions to illicit trade 2002 129 

war crimes 

disarming ex-combatants 2002 306 



transfer controls 2007 132 


justice 2003 311–12 


war economies, disarmament 2003 300–1 

war profits, disarmament 2003 300–1 

War on Terror 2004 66 

see also terrorism 

effect on stockpiles 2003 60–2 

transfers, to Nepal 2003 97 

Yemen 2003 182 


warehousing and handling agents 2010 44 

Warhol, Andy 2005 142, 2005 143 

warlords 

Afghanistan 2009 285, 2009 290–1 

Georgia 2003 202–4 

paramilitaries 2001 72 

336

Somalia 2007 92–4 


warning shots, policing 2004 219 

Warsaw Treaty Organisation (WTO) 2001 34 

Washington, D.C. (United States), homicide rate 2007 165 

Wassenaar Arrangement (WA) 2005 109–10 

Best Practice Guidelines for Exports of Small Arms and Light Weapons 2007 25–6, 2009 62, 

2009 63, 2009 69, 2009 82, 2009 91 

Best Practices to Prevent Destabilising Transfers of Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALW) 

through Air Transport 2010 47, 2010 48–9 

brokering 2004 149, 2004 155 

categories of weapons 2004 116, 2004 118 

diversion prevention 2008 161 

Elements for Export Controls of Man-Portable Air Defence Systems (MANPADS) (2003) 2007 

28, 2009 146 

end-use assurances 2002 249, 2002 251, 2002 252 

intellectual property rights 2007 24, 2007 25–6 

licensed production, MANPADS 2007 28 

light weapons 2005 125, 2005 127 

MANPADS 2004 92, 2004 93, 2005 123, 2005 127–8, 2005 130–8, 2007 28 


Munitions List (ML) 2005 102, 2009 66–7 

ammunition data 2010 10 


transparency of transfers 2004 114, 2004 115, 2004 253, 2005 110 

Watson, Ronnie 2001 117 

WCO see World Customs Organization 

wealth 

civilian holdings 2007 57–60, 2007 61–2 


young men and small arms 2006 301, 2006 302, 2006 303–4, 2006 306 

weapons collection programmes 2002 5, 2002 7, 2002 279–317 

Aceh 2009 256 

Afghanistan 2009 292–3, 2009 295 

Albanian National Liberation Army 2002 89 


Australia 2009 166, 2009 167–9 


Bougainville 2003 303 

Brazil 2009 166, 2009 169–71 

Burundi 2007 203–7 


Colombia 2006 232–3, 2006 233–4 


development 2003 155 

effect of war on terror 2003 60–2 

European unregistered firearms 2003 70 

Georgia 2003 191–2, 2003 203–5 

337

Kosovo 2009 124, 2009 125 

lessons learned 2002 303–11 

Liberia 2009 124, 2009 125 

municipal armed violence reduction programmes 2007 180, 2007 181, 2007 185–8 


NGOs 2002 243 

norms 2003 231 

peace process disarmament 2003 277–316 

phases 2002 286–97 

programmes 1989–2001 2002 302 

recirculation 2006 248 

record-keeping 2009 122–8 

Republic of the Congo 2003 255–73, 2009 124, 2009 125 

Solomon Islands 2003 303, 2009 166, 2009 174–5 

South Africa 2009 166, 2009 176–7 

United Kingdom 2009 166, 2009 171–4 

West African armed groups 2006 259–61, 2006 264–5 

Weapons for Development projects 

see also Arms for Development 


post-conflict security 2009 233, 2009 240 


weapons identification 

import marks 2009 118–20 

manufacturers’ marks 2009 114–16 

serial numbers 2009 116–18, 2009 130 

weapon models 2009 111–14 

weapons lotteries, post-conflict security 2009 233, 2009 240 

‘weapons priming effect’, young men and small arms 2006 307–8 

weapons reduction programmes 2005 72–6, 2005 267–93 

see also disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration; weapons collection 



history of 2005 279–80 


Kosovo gun culture 2005 206 

measuring success 2005 284–5 

municipal armed violence reduction programmes 2007 179, 2007 180, 2007 181, 2007 185–8 


post-conflict 2005 267–8, 2005 275–89 

shortcomings 2005 283–9 



weapons use, international humanitarian law 2007 132 

Weapons-free Village (WFV) campaign (Solomon Islands) 2006 153, 2006 156, 2006 157 

Weiss, Taya 2006 143 

Wellford, Charles F. 2006 143 

Wendt, Rainer 2007 51 

338

West Africa 

armed groups 2002 81–2, 2006 247–67 


illicit transfers 2001 171–3, 2003 118–19 

Moratorium 2001 258–61 


stockpiles 2002 81–2, 2003 82–3 

West African Air Services 2008 117 

West African Moratorium 2001 258–61, 2002 246, 2005 125 

West Bank 

insurgent weapons, 2002 update 2002 90–4 

Israeli stockpiles 2003 77, 2003 78 




West Nile Bank Front (WNBF) 2006 282 

West Papua 



West Papua Independence Movement see Organisasi Papua Merdeka 

West Side Boys (WSB) (Sierra Leone) 2006 249 

West Timor, killing of UN staff 2001 228 

Western Cape (South Africa) 

gangs 



Western Cartridge Co. (WCC) (United States) 2007 305 

Western Equatoria (Sudan) 2007 325 

Western Europe 



violence and crime 2004 175, 2004 176, 2004 177, 2004 178, 2004 179, 2004 200 

Western Sahara 




WFP see World Food Programme 

WFSA see World Forum on the Future of Sport Shooting Activities 

WFV see Weapons-free Village (WFV) campaign 

WGWR see Working Group for Weapons Reduction 

white army (South Sudan) 2007 326, 2007 334–6 

White Eagle forces (Georgia) 2003 197 

‘White Helmets of the United Naciones’ 2010 220 

WHO see World Health Organization 

willingness-to-pay (WTP) method, costs of small arms violence 2003 133, 2006 192, 2006 196, 2006 

197 

Wilson, Edwin 2001 103, 2001 104 

Winchester 2001 24 

339

Winchester Ammunition 2004 11–12 

Winchester Olin (United States/Belgium) 2003 15, 2004 27 


Windoek (Namibia), carjackings 2007 172 

WNBF see West Nile Bank Front 

Wojong, Simon 2007 334 

Wolf Bullets (Canada) 2001 27 

women 

see also girls 

in armed groups 2010 191, 2010 195, 2010 201 

basic needs 2002 172 

disarmament campaigns 2006 315, 2006 316 


firearm homicides, United Kingdom 2002 271 

forced recruitment 2002 171 

sexual violence 2002 172 


victimization of 

Colombia 2006 228, 2006 239 

Papua New Guinea 2006 171, 2006 172, 2006 179, 2006 180, 2006 182 

Uganda 2006 288 

violence against 2009 196 


weapons collection and destruction programmes, Brazil 2002 284 

young men and small arms 2006 301, 2006 302, 2006 306, 2006 315 

Working Group for Weapons Reduction (WGWR) (Cambodia) 2002 296, 2006 119, 2006 124, 2006 

130, 2006 131, 2006 132 

World Bank 

Aceh studies 2009 251 

Central African Republic 2005 310–11, 2005 312 

DDR and weapons destruction 2003 307, 2005 267–8, 2005 277, 2005 279, 2005 287, 2005 289 




government effectiveness variable 2007 266 

Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Programme (MDRP), Burundi 2007 203–4 

post-conflict 2005 269, 2005 276 

post-conflict situations 


second-generation security promotion 2009 237, 2009 238 

study of 2009 231 

Small Grants Programme for Violence Prevention 2009 238 

urbanization and crime rates 2007 164 


world cities 2007 162–3 

World Customs Organization (WCO) 

Harmonized System (HS) 2009 10, 2009 26, 2009 27 

transportation controls 2010 54–5 

340


World Food Programme (WFP), convoy attacked in Sudan 2010 288 

World Forum on the Future of Sport Shooting Activities (WFSA) 

global production of commercial firearms 2000 2002 13–14 

tracing 2002 247, 2006 96, 2006 97 


UN Small Arms Conference 2002 217, 2002 247 

world trade in hunting and sporting firearms 2002 124, 2002 125 

World Health Organization (WHO) 

Armed Violence Prevention Programme 2008 292 

Armed Violence Prevention Programme (AVPP) 2006 309, 2007 178 

collection programmes 2004 251 

conflict deaths 2005 232, 2005 235, 2005 236–7, 2005 247 


definition of violence 2007 164 


ecological model of violence 2008 211, 2008 226, 2008 228 


firearm-related morbidity and mortality 2001 214–15 

humanitarian operations in Somalia, attacks on 2002 192 

violence definition 2008 46, 2008 212–13 

Violence Prevention Alliance 2008 275 

violence typology 2008 213–14 

World Health Report 1998, death due to violence 2002 160 

World Health Statistics Annual, firearm-related mortality rates 2002 162 

World Report on Violence and Health (2002) 2008 211, 2008 224 

World Shooting Federation (WSF) 2001 202 

World Trade Organization (WTO) 

Agreement on Government Procurement 2010 10 

Vanuatu and arms trade liberalization 2002 126 

World Vision 2006 144 

World Wildlife Fund (WWF) 2005 310 

wound ballistics 2001 240 

wounded, Geneva conventions 2002 179 

wounds 2005 16, 2005 23 

WSB see West Side Boys 

WSF see World Shooting Federation 

WSFA see World Forum on the Future of Sport Shooting Activities 

WTO see World Trade Organization 

WTP see willingness-to-pay 

XM8 2006 24 

XM25 Individual Airburst Weapon System 2008 24–5 

XM312 heavy machine gun 2008 21–2 

XM320 grenade launcher 2008 24 

Yakuza (Japan), gun ownership 2010 115 

YAR see Yemen Arab Republic 

341

years of potential life lost (YPLL) 2002 162 

Yelinek, Shimon 2004 141, 2004 164 

Yemen 2003 169–88 

see also People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen 

control measures, civilian holdings 2007 45 


firearm homicides 2007 45 




imports 2004 102, 2005 103 







revenge killings 2003 184, 2009 201 

stockpiles 2001 63, 2002 91–2, 2003 79, 2006 37 

civilian holdings 2003 79, 2005 90, 2005 91, 2007 39, 2007 45–6, 2007 47–8, 2007 50 





Yemen Arab Republic (YAR) 2003 170, 2003 175 

YLL, ratio to DALY 2002 165 

Young Patriots (Côte d’Ivoire) 2006 249 

Young Volunteers (Guinea) 2006 249, 2006 252 

youth 2006 295–317 

see also children 

armed groups in South Sudan 2007 326 

armed violence 2008 219–20, 2008 286, 2009 232 


demand, prices 2007 263, 2007 264, 2007 265, 2007 281, 2007 282, 2007 283 


firearm homicides, Brazil 2007 233, 2007 235, 2007 238–41, 2007 247 

gang prevention strategies 2010 234–8 



prices of weapons 2007 258 

resilience to violence 2008 256 

urban armed violence 2007 178, 2007 179, 2007 182, 2007 188 

violence risk factors 2008 252–3, 2008 255–6, 2008 258–9, 2008 262, 2008 282 

youth Communist organizations, Georgia 2003 197 

youth groups 2010 231–3 

see also gangs 

YPLL see years of potential life lost 

Yudhoyono, Susilo Bambang 2009 252 

342

Yugoslavia, Former Republic of (FRY) 

see also Bosnia and Herzegovina; Croatia; Macedonia; Serbia and Montenegro 

armed force firearms 2001 74–5, 2001 76 

communal warfare 2001 78 


diversion of weapons to Liberia 2008 121 


exports 


to Uganda 2007 294, 2007 296 


ant trade to Greece 2003 71 

smuggling into Europe 2003 71–2 

to Uganda 2007 293 



arms embargoes 2002 132, 2002 133, 2004 268 

human rights 2004 127, 2004 128, 2004 133 

Kosovo 2005 206, 2005 210, 2005 212–16, 2005 219 


production 

Bosnia 2003 43 



survey of producers 2001 36–8, 2002 57 

stockpiles 


law enforcement 2006 40, 2006 42 

military 2005 77, 2006 43, 2006 44, 2006 50 



Yugoslavia Tribunal 2002 177, 2002 179 

Yusuf, Abdullahi 2007 92, 2007 93 

Zaire 

see also Democratic Republic of the Congo 


illicit transfers from, to UNITA 2001 117–19, 2001 173, 2005 192 

internally displaced persons 2001 225 


transfers to Central African Republic 2005 304, 2005 317–19 

Zaklady Metalowe Dezamet (Poland) 2003 42 

Zaklady Metalowe Lucznik (Poland) 2001 37, 2003 42 

Zaklady Metalowe Mesko (Poland) 2003 42 

Zaklady Tworzyw Sztuczynych Pronit (Poland) 2003 42 

Zambia 


firearm homicides and suicides, 1998 2001 209, 2001 233, 2001 240, 2001 241 

343

firearm violence and crime 2004 193, 2004 194, 2004 195, 2004 196 


illicit transfers from, to UNITA 2001 119, 2002 132 


transfers to, human rights 2004 127 

Zamfara State Vigilante Service (ZSVS) (Nigeria) 2006 249 

Zastava Arms Company (Serbia) 2001 38, 2003 47, 2004 103, 2004 144, 2009 108, 2009 114 


Zastava Oruje (Serbia and Montenegro) 2005 56 

Zavody Vseobecneho Strojarstva (ZVS) (Slovakia) 2003 43 

Zbrojovka Arms (Czech Republic) 2003 40 

ZDI see Zimbabwe Defence Industries 

Zimbabwe 




Democratic Republic of the Congo 2001 108–9 





policing, political manipulation 2004 232 


production 




Zimbabwe Defence Industries (ZDI) 2001 41, 2001 108, 2003 261, 2003 263 

Zomi Re-Unification Organization (ZRO) (India), weapon-related commitments 2010 318 

ZRO see Zomi Re-Unification Organization 

ZSVS see Zamfara State Vigilante Service 

Zug massacre (Switzerland) (2001) 2002 266, 2007 54 

Zulu militias (Republic of the Congo) 2003 260 

Zvinavashe, General Vitalis 2001 108, 2001 109 

ZVS see Zavody Vseobecneho Strojarstva 

Zwischenstadt (‘cities without cities’) 2007 169 

344

Small Arms Survey Cumulative Index 2001-2010

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