historical and scientific perspectives on the health of canada's first ...

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About the Author: Raymond Obomsawin, is of Oneida <strong>and</strong> Abenaki ancestry. He is a member of the Odanak First Nation based in eastern Canada. The name Obomsawin is derived from the word nobomsawino which means to scout ahead <strong>and</strong> clear the way. He has previously served as: founding Chairman of the NIB/AFN’s National Commission Inquiry on Indian Health (Ottawa, Ontario); Executive Director of the California Rural Indian Health Board (Ukiah Programme); Manager of Overseas Operations for CUSO, (Canada's largest international development NGO); <strong>and</strong> Senior Advisor on Indigenous Knowledge Systems to the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA). In the early 1990s he successfully organized <strong>and</strong> spearheaded the first public sector funded field review on Indigenous culture-based knowledge systems in development, covering all developing regions of the world. He can be contacted at: Obomsawin@verizon.net ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction SECTION I. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………........................... 1 1.1 THE FORGOTTEN LEGACY OF CANADA’S FIRST PEOPLES………………….…..…. 2 1.2 LOSS OF THE GREAT LEGACY OF HEALTH…………………………..……..…...….. 7 1.3 THE POPULARIZED CONCEPT OF “VIRGIN SOILS” RECONSIDERED…………..…… 9 1.4 TWENTIETH & TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY HEALTH CONDITIONS…………..……... 12 1.5 TRADITIONAL FOODS, HEALTH & DISEASE AMONG THE INUIT………………..….. 13 1.6 BACKGROUND ON & HEALTH CONDITIONS AMONG THE MÉTIS………………..…. 15 1.7 HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF MEDICAL SERVICES TO CANADA’S FIRST PEOPLES…. 16 1.8 HEALTH SERVICES FOR THE MÉTIS…………………………………………………. 19 1.9 TRANSFER OF PUBLIC SECTOR HEALTH SERVICES TO ABORIGINAL CONTROL…… 21 1.10 INTERMINABLE ABORIGINAL COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURAL DEFICIENCIES….. 24 1.11 SUMMARIZATION…………………………………………………………………… 25 SECTION II. SCIENTIFIC PERSPECTIVES 2.1 VITAL QUESTIONS REQUIRING REEXAMINATION………………………………….. 27 2.2 WHY ABORIGINAL PEOPLES EXPERIENCED OUTSTANDING HEALTH……………… 27 2.2.1 Optimum Nutrient Intake 2.2.2 Low Stress 2.2.3 Much Outdoor Exercise 2.2.4 Sufficient Sleep (Rest) 2.2.5 Abundant Sunlight 2.2.6 Freedom from Alcohol 2.2.7 No Habitual Tobacco Use 2.3 ADVERSE IMPACTS ON HEALTH OF MODERN CIVILIZATION………………...……. 35 2.4 A WORLDWIDE PHENOMENON OF PROGRESSIVE DEGENERATION…………...…… 36 2.4.1 Key Nutrient Intake of Canada’s First Peoples 2.4.2 North American Degenerative Disease Levels 2.5 MEDICAL CONCERNS ON MILK USAGE OF ANOTHER SPECIES BEYOND WEANING... 41 2.6 SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS & DECLINES IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES……….…….. 43 2.7 RECONSIDERING THE CAUSES UNDERLYING INFECTIOUS DISEASE EPIDEMICS….. 47 2.8 VITAMIN PROPHYLAXIS & REMEDIATION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES………….…. 49 2.8.1 Vitamin A 2.8.2 Vitamin C 2.9 BIO-PHYSICAL UNDERPINNINGS OF MENTAL HEALTH……………………….….. 55 2.10 WESTERN MEDICAL SERVICES & ABORIGINAL HEALTH OUTCOMES………...…. 56 2.11.1 Tuberculosis & BCG Vaccine Usage Among First Nations & Inuit People 2.11.2 Other Vaccines & Infectious Diseases 2.11 DIABETES – A MAJOR & GROWING EPIDEMIC…………………………………… 67 iii
Page 1: HISTORICAL AND SCIENTIFIC PERSPECTI
Page 5 and 6: HISTORICAL AND SCIENTIFIC PERSPECTI
Page 7 and 8: contact period or that they do not
Page 9 and 10: thousand soldiers
Page 11 and 12: obviously a very usual exploit amon
Page 13 and 14: worsened yet again as long-st<stron
Page 15 and 16: “whole food” nutrition patterns
Page 17 and 18: Among Canada’s first peoples ther
Page 19 and 20: oarding school, with the consequenc
Page 21 and 22: and various Mariti
Page 23 and 24: By the 1950s, the federal departmen
Page 25 and 26: of Métis status, and</stro
Page 27 and 28: stressed the need to take a more ho
Page 29 and 30: 1.11 SUMMARIZATION The movement tow
Page 31 and 32: SECTION II. SCIENTIFIC PERSPECTIVES
Page 33 and 34: 2.2.3 Much Outdoor Exercise The tra
Page 35 and 36: problems with learning; and
Page 37 and 38: observation of the animal kingdom w
Page 39 and 40: 2.3 ADVERSE IMPACTS ON HEALTH OF MO
Page 41 and 42: other processed foods. The evidence
Page 43 and 44: were still living on their traditio
Page 45 and 46: Discounting extremely rare exceptio
Page 47 and 48: (CJD - the human variant of Bovine
Page 49 and 50: It has been frequently evidenced in
Page 51 and 52: turning away from traditional foods
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property was regarded as lying sole
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An association between Vitamin A de
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Writing in the Journal of Southern
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In many cases of deficiency, where
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Tribal Health Authority); in Albert
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Since this represents a highly comp
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FIGURE VIII. General Concerns Relat
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I found that they were visiting the
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…Unlike the body’s immune syste
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Coulter goes on to afford an intere
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andomly assigned t
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16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 FIGURE XIII.
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Treatment Approaches That Work <str
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their bread. Today it is less than
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forms of cancer among First Nations
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There are abundant studies
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2.14 ABORIGINAL PEOPLES AIDS CRISES
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iochemically most active within wee
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Physician Mathias Rath heads a rese
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making the valuable changes which w
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“the number of funerals we have p
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to support. Doctors, dentists, phar
Page 97 and 98:
17. G. Wharton James, Learning from
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56. J. B. Waldram, et al., Aborigin
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“glyconutrients”. They did rema
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114. Weston Price, Nutrition <stron
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A. Lacey, Editor, Light Microscopes
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Medical Association Journal, No. 37
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195. V Scheibner, Dynamics of Criti
Page 111 and 112:
214. B.V. Howard, et. al., Rising T
Page 113 and 114:
242. Canadian Aboriginal AIDS Netwo
Page 115 and 116:
ANNEX I. INFECTIOUS DISEASE THEORIE
Page 117:
4. CARE PROVIDERS CARE PROVIDERS Th
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