FAO Project Document book - Solutions for Water platform - World ...

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Project Document B. PROJECT RATIONALE - JUSTIFICATION B 1 Problems to be addressed; the present situation Though the economic and social impacts of groundwater development are obvious, groundwater overdraft has become a significant concern in many arid zones and hardrock regions. While groundwater development contributed to improved agriculture production, lack of proper understanding of the system, neither by scientists nor by farmers, has led to serious situation of groundwater depletion. Now the challenge in front of the scientists and farmers is not that of groundwater development but that of sustainable management of precious groundwater resources. Following section of the document discusses the key issues that need to be addressed for making the management of groundwater resource a sustainable one. Over coming decades, groundwater management will need to address the broad array of resource and allocation problems now emerging. Overdraft, pollution, poor quality and array of impacts that declines (or increase) in the water table have on the environment and third parties. In addition, as urban areas and the non-agricultural economy grow, mechanisms must be found to ensure that water is allocated to high-value, generally nonagricultural uses. India’s ability to feed its rapidly growing population depends on its ability to increase agricultural production and that depends in turn on irrigation. Access to groundwater can be a major engine for poverty alleviation and economic development in rural areas. There is a large social value in increasing rural agricultural incomes and slowing migration of the poor to urban areas. Re-allocation must therefore not be at the expense of maintaining a viable agricultural economy. B 1a Environmental problems Rapid extraction of groundwater has its environmental impacts, already evident in parts of India, including Andhra Pradesh. While total number of dark blocks (over exploited areas as specified by CGWB) in India increased from 253 in 1984-85 to 383 in 1992-93, those in Andhra Pradesh increased from 0 to 30 (CGWB 1991, 1993). An overall increase of 51% has occurred over a period of seven to eight years. If this rate continues, over-exploited and critical blocks will double every 12.5 years. This implies that by the year 2017-18, 36% of the blocks will be dark or critical. Possible doubts about the accuracy of the data 25
Project Document based on which estimates were made notwithstanding, the overall pattern indicates the extent to which overdraft is a growing concern. Environmental impacts could be far-reaching due to the inter-connectedness of the aquifers and interactions between the aquifers and the surface waters. Modeling efforts indicate that dry-season flows could decline approximately 75% if historical patterns of development continue. Though the modeling is based on limited amounts of hydrological and geological data, the results cannot be taken lightly. If they prove accurate, unmanaged groundwater development could have a major impact on stream flows, fisheries, aquatic ecosystems, pollution loads, and water availability for downstream users. B 1b Institutional problems So far, scientific and semi-scientific staff of government departments viz., Meteorology, Ground Water (state and central) and Agriculture carried Hydrological Monitoring. The monitoring was on a regional scale and gave a general picture of a large area. Watersheds within this area might show quite a different picture when analyzed separately. Mainly scientific community used results of hydrological monitoring to predict the water table depletion, natural calamities, weather forecast, drought forecast, etc. A farmer who is away from communication network was usually not in a position to access data and either understand its importance or use the data to his/her advantage. It is believed that the scientific knowledge should be shared with the farmers because of the simple reason that the sustainability of the resource lies in their hands. This project attempts to blend both the scientific and people’s knowledge together for proper management of groundwater resources. In the recent past, NGOs have played a major role in accelerating the developmental initiatives not only in the traditional community organization but also in the land and water sector. For example, NGOs have proved their worth in the massive watershed development programme being implemented by the government. In fact, the present approach of watershed development is evolved blending the NGO experience with the government procedures. Similar is true in water and sanitation sector. Implementation through NGOs and NGO networks has proved to be smooth and transparent, as they are not only answerable to Government but also to the people they are working 26
Page 2: ANDHRA PRADESH FARMER MANAGED GROUN
Page 5 and 6: B1c Technical problems 28 B1d Socio
Page 8 and 9: Abbreviations AARDIP AFPRO AGL AGLL
Page 10 and 11: HMR HPR HUN ICDS IGSSS IOFAM IPHM G
Page 12: SERP SIFF SMART SRBC SRL SWA SYA TB
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Project Document basic experimentat
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Project Document implementation. Th
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Project Document Activity 4.1.2: Ka
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Project Document gauge station, obs
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Project Document D 4e Output 4.5: S
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Project Document E INPUTS The input
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Project Document Non-Expendable Equ
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Project Document F. RISKS F 1 Descr
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Project Document G PRIOR OBLIGATION
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Project Document H PROJECT REPORTIN
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Project Document will be taken up o
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Project Document I BUDGET DESCRIPTI
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J. APPENDICES
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Project Document 102
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Project Document SN Title of the tr
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Project Document Appendix - IV Job
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Project Document · Carry out linka
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Project Document · Continue the en
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Project Document Method: The framew
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Project Document national, state an
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Project Document 11.3.4. Annual Rev
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Project Document Executive Summary
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