Prehospital trauma care systems - World Health Organization

PREHOSPITAL TRAUMA CARE SYSTEMS
TABLE 2. Matrix of essential knowledge, skills, equipment and supplies for prehospital
providers a
Type of provider in prehospital setting
Basic Advanced Basic Advanced
first aid first aid prehospital prehospital
trauma care trauma care
Knowledge and skills
Alert
Able to call for help E E E E
Scene survey
Assess scene safety (physical and environmental hazards) E E E E
Establish need for additional help E E E E
Assess cause of injury D D E E
Provider safety
Receive training in universal precautions E E E E
Limit exposure to HIV, hepatitis B and C, using available supplies E E E E
Limit exposure to airborne pathogens D D E E
Patient assessment
Initial assessment
Evaluate adequacy of airway E E E E
Evaluate adequacy of breathing E E E E
Evaluate extent of external bleeding E E E E
Recognize level of consciousness D E E E
Recognize when injuries are not survivable D E E E
Establish priorities for immediate care D E E E
Conduct triage for multiple patients PR D E E
Recognize at-risk patients and arrange transport D E E E
Detailed assessment
Assess head injury I D E E
Assess spinal injury I D E E
Assess chest injury I D E E
Assess abdominal injury I D E E
Assess extremity injury I D E E
Assess neurological function I D E E
Assess patient for psychological trauma I D E E
Recognize presence of life-threatening or limb-threatening injury D D E E
Evaluate level of discomfort D E E E
Recognize hypothermia D D E E
Assess evidence of shock D D E E
Assess wounds for potential mortality and disability I D E E
Assess degree of burns (depth and extent) I D E E
Formulate differential diagnosis of cause of shock I I E E
Recognize platysmal penetration I I I E
Interventions
Scene management
Manage rescue situation PR D E E
Manage safe rescue to prevent further neurovascular damage PR D E E
Manage crowds, traffic and other threats D E E E
Avoid secondary collisions and injury D E E E
Manage transport of patient D E E E
Document incident I D E E
Airway and breathing
Remove foreign bodies from airway (e.g., using Heimlich manoeuvre) E E E E
Restore open airway using manual manoeuvres (e.g., chin lift, jaw thrust) E E E E
Restore open airway using recovery position E E E E
Provide respiratory support (mouth-to-mouth resuscitation) PR E E E
Use suction devices I D E E
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