ISIS_Governance

NOTES
50. Firas al-Hakkar, “ISIS Brings Life Back to Raqqa, in Its Own
Way,” al-Akhbar, January 23, 2014, http://english.al-akhbar.com/
node/18354.
51. Syrian Observatory for Human Rights Facebook post, “Aleppo
province: Parts of the Jalloum and Aqaba neighborhoods of Aleppo
were bombarded by regime forces,” January 17, 2014, https://www.
facebook.com/121855461256134/posts/476344165807260; “Al
Qaeda militants seize Manbij east Aleppo: activists,” Zaman al-Wasl,
January 23, 2014, https://www.zamanalwsl.net/en/news/3381.
html.
52. Alexander Dziadosz, Reuters, “Al-Qaeda splinter group in Syria
leaves two provinces: activists,” Daily Star, March 14, 2014, http://
www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Mar-14/250272-
al-qaeda-splinter-group-in-syria-leaves-two-provinces-activists.
ashx.
53. “Isis militants parade military muscle in Raqqa, Syria – video,”
Raqqa Media Center video posted by The Guardian, July 1, 2014,
http://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2014/jul/01/isismilitants-military-syria-raqqa-video.
54. Hadil Aarja, “ISIS enforces strict religious law in Raqqa,” al-
Safir article translated by al-Monitor, March 21, 2014, http://www.
al-monitor.com/pulse/security/2014/03/isis-enforces-islamiclaw-raqqa-syria.html.
55. Assessments about how ISIS structures its governance are
primarily based upon a Wilayat Aleppo provincial report released on
June 24, 2014, and available here: http://justpaste.it/HalabReport.
However, the division between what ISIS considers administrative
and service-oriented governance is also demonstrated by the Aleppo
Administration of Public Services, which ISIS set up in Aleppo city
in 2013 primarily as a service-related organization. Interviews with
former head of the IAPS office can be found here: http://jihadology.
net/2013/12/12/al-furqan-media-presents-a-new-video-messagefrom-the-islamic-state-of-iraq-and-al-sham-messages-from-theland-of-epic-battles-14/.
Because no officials from the courts,
police, schools, etc…, were interviewed, we assume their office falls
under a different jurisdiction.
56. For example, on June 26 ISIS Wilayat al-Khayr Twitter account
posted a field report documenting the provision of humanitarian
aid in Deir ez-Zour city. See: Wilayat al-Khayr Twitter post, [“On
the occasion of the blessed month of Ramadan The Islamic State
provides aid to the city of Khayr”], June 26, 2014, http://justpaste.
it/igatha_5ir2.
57. For ISIS’s military campaign in Deir ez-Zour starting in March
2014, see: Valerie Szybala, “The Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham
and the ‘Cleansing of Deir Ez-Zour’,” ISW Backgrounder, http://
www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/islamic-state-iraq-andal-sham-and-%E2%80%9Ccleansing%E2%80%9D-deir-ez-zour;
www.Understandingwar.org
58. ISIS has already eliminated its major competition among rebel
forces in Deir ez-Zour. See Jennifer Cafarella, “Resistance Emerges
as ISIS Consolidates in Deir ez-Zour,” ISW Syria Blog, July 15,
2014, http://iswsyria.blogspot.com/2014/07/resistance-emergesas-isis-consolidates.html.
59. Wilayat Latakia Twitter post, November 17, 2013, available
here: http://justpaste.it/gfei.
60. Wilayat Latakia Twitter post, November 25, 2013, available
here: http://justpaste.it/gfei.
61. “ al-Furqan Media presents a new video message from the
Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham: ‘Messages from the Land of Epic
Battles #14’,” Jihadology, December 12, 2014, http://jihadology.
net/2013/12/12/al-furqan-media-presents-a-new-video-messagefrom-the-islamic-state-of-iraq-and-al-sham-messages-from-theland-of-epic-battles-14/.
62. “ al-Furqan Media presents a new video message from the
Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham: ‘Messages from the Land of Epic
Battles #14’,” Jihadology, December 12, 2014, http://jihadology.
net/2013/12/12/al-furqan-media-presents-a-new-video-messagefrom-the-islamic-state-of-iraq-and-al-sham-messages-from-theland-of-epic-battles-14/.
63. The borders and sectors within Wilayat Aleppo are shown here:
http://s01.justpaste.it/files/justpaste/d91/a4896920/cities_areas_
small.jpg. From: ISIS Wilayat Aleppo Twitter post, [“The history,
situation, borders, statistics, and the fighting fronts”], June 25,
2014, http://justpaste.it/HalabReport. For the use of sectors in
Wilayat Raqqa and Baraka, see: http://justpaste.it/gfei. Social
media posts from Wilayat Raqqa . This indicates that ISIS uses the
“Sector” system in other territory outside of Aleppo province.
64. The Wilayat Damascus Twitter account as of July 29, 2014, can
be found here: https://twitter.com/Damsstate, but such accounts
are frequently suspended.
65. Al-Furqan Foundation’s first full-length release about ISIS
activities in Syria mentioned “Wilayat Aleppo.” See: “al-Furqan
Media presents a new video message from the Islamic State of Iraq
and al-Sham: ‘Press Coverage of One of the Da’wah Tents in the
State of Aleppo’,” Jihadology, July 11, 2014, http://jihadology.
net/2013/07/11/al-furqan-media-presents-a-new-video-messagefrom-the-islamic-state-of-iraq-and-al-sham-press-coverage-ofone-of-the-dawah-tents-in-the-state-of-aleppo/.
66. “[Map illustrates the borders of Wilayat Aleppo according to the
Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham],” Image posted online, http://
s01.justpaste.it/files/justpaste/d91/a4896920/______________________
___1.jpg.
67. “al-Furqan Media presents a new video message from the
Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham: “Press Coverage of One of
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